41802382 Prepaid Energy Meter Using Smart Card
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By, K Keerthi sheela, T V V S Lakshmi, Lakshmi, K Suresh S uresh kumar.
An energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically o!ered device. "lectric meters are tyically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilo!att hour.
A scheme of "lectricity billing system called #PREPAID ENERGY METER $%T& TA'%(( %)*%+AT'- can facilitate in imroved cash o! management in energy utilities can reduces roblem associated !ith and billing consumer living in isolated area and reduces deloyment of mano!er for taking meter readings. "very consumer can buy a memory card /is nothing but an ""0'1 %+2 !ith a ass!ord stored inside it using a 1+ rogram
The card reader !ill read the stored information and delete the t he information from the ""0'1 %+/smart card2 using the 1+
rogram,so that the smart card cannot be reused by others. %n our ro3ect !e also have a rovision to give an alarm sound to consumer before the !hole amount is reduced.
The meter consists cons ists of a microcontr microcontroller, oller, a current curre nt feedback section s ection consisting of a current transformer, a signal conditioning circuit 4 adc.
A reaid has smart card containing serial number 4 amount to be inserted in serted into a the meter. meter . This ro3ect uses regulated regulated 5v, 566ma o!er suly. 7865 and 789: three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge tye full !ave recti;er is used to rectify rectify the ac outut of secondary of :<6=9:v ste do!n transformer.
The conventional conventional electro>mechanical electro>mechanical m meters eters are are being relaced !ith electronic meters to imrove accuracy in meter reading. Asian countries are currently looking to introduce reaid electricity meters across their distribution net!ork, buoyed u by the success of this novel methodology in South Africa. The e?isting e?isting inherent inherent roblems roblems !ith !ith the ost> ost>aid aid system and rivati@ation of state held o!er distribution comanies are the ma3or driving factors for this market in Asia. ver 6 countries have imlemented reaid meters in their markets. .since The reaid rogram in Southover Africa !as started in 9:, then they have installed C million meters. The concet concet has found ground in Argentina Argentina and )e! )e! Dealand !ith fe! thousands of installations. i nstallations.
Improved operational efciencies: The reaid meters are likely to cut the cost of meter reading as no meter readers are reEuired. %n addition, they eliminate administrative hassles associated !ith disconnection and reconnection. Besides, going by South AfricaFs e?erience, reaid meters could !ay helthan control aroriation of electricity in a better conventional meters. Reduced nancial ris!s: Since the ayment is u>front, it reduces the ;nancial risk by imroving the cash o!s and necessitates an imroved revenue management system.
"etter customer service: The system eliminates billing billi ng delay, removes cost involved in disconnection=reconnection, enables controlled use of energy, and hels customers to save money through better energy management.
Po#er sector re$orms: The ucoming ucoming cometitive cometitive and customer focused deregulated o!er distribution market !ill force the market articiants to make the e?isting metering and billing rocess more cometent. This is likely to drive the reaid market. Increasing non%tec&nical losses: 1etering errors, tamering !ith meters leading to lo! registration and calibration related frauds are some of the key comonents of non>technical losses. %ndia reorts greater than 96 ercent of non>technical losses. %t has been reorted that reaid meters control non>technical losses better than conventional ones. 'pportunities in t&e emerging electri$ying mar!ets: 1ost of the Asian countries do not have 966 ercent electri;cationG hence ne! markets are being created by the increasing generating caacity. 0reaid systems can be more easily introduced in such ne! markets rather than the e?isting ones.
The Sabah "lectricity Sdn Sdn Bhd /S"SB2, 1alaysia, has a!arded a contract to a local manufacturer to suly 9,686 reaid meters +ountries such as Thailand, Bangladesh, Singaore, and %ran have been sho!ing increased interest in adoting reaid system %n %ndia, the State of $est Bengal has decided to introduce the smart card oerated reaid energy meters in remote islands of Sunderbans. %n 1umbai, re>aid o!er is rovided by the Brihanmumbai "lectricity Suly and Transort /B"ST2 Hndertaking.Tata 0o!er lans to introduce re>aid electricity in *elhi. Tata Steel is likely to install reaid electricity meters at its emloyee to!nshi in Iamshedur I amshedur..
