6 Appendix A

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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

          Appendix A: Acceptable pipe and fitting materials

Table A1 and table A2 on the following pages give information on acceptable pipe and fitting materials. Some of the information is sourced with permission from the Water Services Association of Australia, which is modified and supplemented by material from Watercare. Refer also to WSA 02 (Sewerage Code of Australia) and WSA 03 (Water Supply Code of Australia) or consult Watercare for further information.

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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

    Table A1 – Acceptable pipe materials and Standards
Standard applicable AS/NZS 1260 (Solid wall Class SN 16 or as required by Watercare) AS/NZS 4441 (Series 1 or Series 2, as required by Watercare) √ √ Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) Wastewater (Gravity) Water supply (Pressure) Notes Gravity applications only. Well established methods of repair. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic and tidal zones. Can be used for trenchless installations with suitable load resistant joints Improved fracture toughness compared to PVC-U. Improved fatigue resistance compared to PVC-U and PVCM. NOTE – Use only DI fittings in pumped mains to achieve full fatigue resistance. Has increased hydraulic capacity compared with PVC-U and PVC-M. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic conditions and tidal zones. Specific design for dynamic stresses (fatigue) required for pressure applications. Well established methods of repair. Alternative installation techniques possible, e.g. slip lining. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic conditions and tidal zones. Can be used for trenchless installation with suitable end load resisting joints. Specific design for dynamic stresses (fatigue) required for pressure applications.

Pipe materials

PVC-U

-



-

PVC-O

PVC-U

AS/NZS 1477 (PN 12 or PN 16, as required by Watercare) √ √

     
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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

Table A1 – Acceptable pipe materials and Standards (continued) 
Pipe materials Standard applicable AS/NZS 4765 (Class SN as required by Watercare √ √ Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) Wastewater (Gravity) Water supply (Pressure) Notes Improved fracture toughness compared to PVC-U. Has increased hydraulic capacity compared with PVC-U. Inferior fatigue resistance compared to PVC-U and PVC-O. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic and tidal zones. Specific design for dynamic stresses (fatigue) required for pressure applications. Generally for pressure applications. Can be easily curved to eliminate the need for bends. Alternative installation techniques, e.g. pipe cracking, directional drilling and slip lining. Can be welded to form an end load resistant system. Compression couplings and end load resistant fittings are available in smaller diameters. Pipe longitudinal flexibility accommodates large differential ground settlement. Fusion jointing requires skilled installers and special equipment. Retrospective installation of fittings / repair complicated. Specific design for dynamic stresses (fatigue) required for pressure sewer applications. ≤ DN 125 are available in long coiled lengths for fewer joints. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic and tidal zones. Suitable for ground with high subsidence potential, e.g. fill or mining areas.

PVC-M

PE

AS/NZS 4130 AS/NZS 4131 (PE 80B SDR 11 or PE 100 SDR 13.6 or as required by Watercare)



-



NOTE: All PE pipes ≤ 63 mm OD are to be PE 80B.

   
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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

Table A1 – Acceptable pipe materials and Standards (continued) 
Pipe materials Standard applicable AS/NZS 5065 (Stiffness Class SN 16, SDR 17, or as required by Watercare) √ Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) Wastewater (Gravity) Water supply (Pressure) Notes Only for gravity applications. Can be easily curved. Alternative installation techniques possible, e.g. pipe cracking and slip lining. Can be welded to form an end load resistant system. Fusion jointing requires skilled installers and special equipment. Retrospective installation of fittings / repair complicated. Smaller diameters available in long coiled lengths for fewer joints. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic and tidal zones. Only for gravity applications.

PE

PP

AS/NZS 5065 (Stiffness Class SN 16, as required by Watercare)



-

GRP

AS 3571.1





-

Alternative installation techniques possible, e.g. slip lining. UV resistant (special product). Custom made fittings can be manufactured. Suitable for use without additional corrosion protection in areas where stray electrical currents occur. Low impact resistance and ease of damage to thermosetting resin makes GRP susceptible to damage during transportation and installation in above ground installations, from vandalism or when damaged as a consequence of nearby excavation. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic and tidal zones.

 

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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

Table A1 – Acceptable pipe materials and Standards (continued) 
Pipe materials Standard applicable AS 3571.2 √ Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) Wastewater (Gravity) Water supply (Pressure) Notes Alternative installation techniques possible, e.g. slip lining. UV resistant (special product). Custom made fittings can be manufactured. Suitable for use without additional corrosion protection in areas where stray electrical currents occur. Low impact resistance and ease of damage to thermosetting resin makes GRP susceptible to damage during transportation and installation in above ground installations, from vandalism or when damaged as a consequence of nearby excavation. Suitable for aggressive groundwater, anaerobic and tidal zones. Gravity applications only Has benefits for particularly aggressive industrial wastes. Not recommended for active seismic (earthquake) zones or unstable ground. Requires protection from hydrogen sulphide attack in sewer applications by plastic lining or selection of appropriate cement additives.

GRP

VC

BS EN 295



-

RRJRC (Rubber ring jointed reinforced concrete)

AS/NZS 4058

-



-

       

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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

Table A1 – Acceptable pipe materials and Standards (continued) 
Pipe materials Standard applicable NZS 4442 AS 1579 (Cement mortar lined welded steel, minimum thickness 4.8 mm) √ √ Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) Wastewater (Gravity) Water supply (Pressure) Notes
Cement mortar lined, PE coating below ground or heavy duty coating above ground. High mechanical strength and toughness. Available in long lengths. RRJ welded joints are available. Custom made, specially configured steel fittings can be made to order. Can be welded to form a system that will resist end load and joint permeation. UV resistant / vandal proof / impact resistant (where PE coated). Cathodic protection (CP) can be applied to electrically continuous pipelines to provide enhanced corrosion protection. PE lined and coated – RRJ. As above for CLS (SCL). Suitable for conveying soft water. Corrosion resistant under all conditions. General notes: Standard Portland cement is not resistant to H2S attack at any high points or discharge points in the main. High alumina cement has improved resistance. Welded joints require skilled installers and special equipment. Welded joints require reinstatement of protection system on site. Special design required for welded installations parallel and adjacent to high voltage (˃ 66kV) transmission lines. Cathodic protection requires regular monitoring and maintenance. Seal coating may be required over cement mortar linings when conveying soft water or in low flow extremities of reticulation mains, to prevent potentially high pH. Suitable for high load applications, such as railway crossings and major roads. Large diameters are available. Suitable for aerial or suspended pipeline applications.

CLS (SCL)

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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

Table A1 – Acceptable pipe materials and Standards (continued) 
Pipe materials Standard applicable AS/NZS 2280 AS 3681 (Ductile iron pipe – K9 or PN 35) √ √ Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) Wastewater (Gravity) Water supply (Pressure) Notes
Fatigue analysis not normally required (pressure sewer application). High mechanical strength and toughness. Ease of jointing. UV resistant / vandal proof / impact resistant. Well established methods of repair. Suitable for high pressure and above ground pipelines. Restrained joint systems available. Sufficient ring stiffness not to rely on side support for structural adequacy for the usual water supply installation depths. Elevated pH may occur when conveying soft water or in low flow extremities of reticulation mains. PE sleeving is required and must be carefully applied and repaired when damaged. Standard Portland cement mortar is not resistant to H2S attack at any high points or discharge points in the main. High alumina cement has improved resistance. Not suitable for aggressive ground water, anaerobic conditions or tidal zones. Specific design for dynamic stresses (fatigue) required for pressure sewer applications. Gravity applications only.

DI

ABS PVC-U

AS/NZS 3518 AS/NZS 3690 AS/NZS 3879 AS/NZS 1260

√ -



√ -

 

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Water and Wastewater Code of Practice for Land Development and Subdivision ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Watercare Services Limited

Table A2 – Acceptable fitting materials and Standards 
Fitting materials PE Access covers and grates Ductile iron Ductile iron unrestrained mechanical couplings Metallic tapping bands (No plastic bands accepted) Fire hydrants Resilient seated gate valves PE Standard applicable AS/NZS 4129 AS 3996 AS/NZS 2280 Wastewater (Pressure sewer / rising main) √ √ √ Wastewater (Gravity) √ √ Water supply (Pressure) √ √ √
Generally for pressure applications. Shall be coated with a polymeric coating, applied in accordance with AS/NZS 4158. Generally for pressure applications. Shall be coated with a polymeric coating, applied in accordance with AS/NZS 4158. Generally for pressure applications. Tapping bands used on flexible pipes shall be AS/NZS 4793 Type F – that is ‘full circle design’. LG2 gunmetal tapping bands preferred for all applications. Ductile iron tapping bands shall be coated with polymeric coating, applied in accordance with AS/NZS 4158. Generally pressure applications.

Notes
PE pressure fittings, including mechanical compression, butt fusion or electrofusion, as approved by Watercare.

AS/NZS 4998

AS/NZS 4793



-



NZS 4522 AS 2638.2 AS/NZS 5065 (Stiffness Class SN16, or as required by Watercare) AS/NZS 5065 (Stiffness Class SN16, or as required by Watercare)

√ -



√ √
Gravity application only.

-

PP

Gravity applications only.

-



-

 

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