Accident Detection by Wireless Sensor Network and Sending Rescue Message with GPS
Content
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Accident Detection by Wireless Sensor Network and Sending Rescue Message with GPS
Sukanya Ray, Amnesh Goel and Nidhi Chandra
Abstract : In the last decade the number of deaths and fatal injuries from traffic accidents has been increasing rapidly but driving remains an essential requirement so, one of the urgent needs of the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is to provide immediate medication and necessary help after an accident occurs so that the lives can be saved. This paper aims to suggest an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) for four wheelers by using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and sending rescue messages to emergency contacts, which is saved before hand by the driver and to nearby police stations and hospitals so that necessary help can be provided within time. Index Terms: WSN, Four wheeler ITS, SMS, GPS, VANET.
—————————— —————————— In most of the death cases it has been seen that deaths 1. INTRODUCTION ratio of on the spot death to deaths in hospital are of riving is an essential part in the life of many 4:6 [1]. From this ratio it is very clear that if rescue people. The last decade has witnessed operation could initiate at early stage then more lives substantial effort being put on improving the can saved directly or they could recover early and driving safety and on reducing accidental death due death ratio could minimized up to a noticeable figure. to road accidents. Among them, the most significant The main cause of this mishap is due to the fact that technological aspect might be the vehicular ad hoc as there is no such system by which rescue team can network (VANET) [7] [8] and the accident sensing identify that where and when accident is taking place and rescue message sending applications built atop [2]. The time by which police and emergency medical the VANET. team approaches to accidental place, by that time Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) [9] [10] usually we lost lives because the time taken by covers a wide range of applications that include information to approach rescue teams are more communication system, positioning, sensing, and enough. Hence to reduce the economical loss and life other information-related technologies to improve the loss during vital accidents on highways, it is very efficiency, safety, and environmental aspects of the important to get information from accident place surface transportation. The major categories of ITS timely so accordingly actions could take place. So, include traffic-management systems (adaptive looking on these aspects system should change in traffic signals, electronic toll collection etc.), such a manner that information flow time from traveler information systems (motorist information, accidental place to rescue team should least and it is and dynamic route guidance), systems for public very important too to know the location of the transportation (automatic vehicle location, signal accidental place because knowing only that accident preemption, smart cards for fare collection etc) and has taken place without location is not worthwhile for commercial-vehicle operations (fleet management, information. weigh in motion- weighing trucks as they travel, The successful functioning of a technology crucially automatic vehicle classification, international-border depends on the coupling of various processes based crossing etc.). Mobility is an important necessity for primarily on the judgment of social structure, any type of involvement in our society. The purpose economic conditions and working environment of the of ITS is to use the above said technologies to technology. Information collection of the increase mobility and to make driving safer, more transportation and communication system plays a efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective, energy saving, major role in intelligent transportation system (ITS). convenient and comfortable. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [5] [6] are generally used in 4-wheelers to perform various ———————————————— management functions, such as finding empty Sukanya Ray is with Amity School Of Engineering & Technology, parking space, automatic toll ticket generation, Amity University, Noida (U.P.), India. security management etc. In this paper we append a Amnesh Goel is with Amity School Of Engineering & Technology, new role in ITS to sense accident and send rescue Amity University, Noida (U.P.), India. Nidhi Chandra is with is with Amity School Of Engineering & messages to contacts, which were stored by the driver Technology, Amity University, Noida (U.P.), India. during system installation and to nearest police station and hospitals so that the accident victim gets the necessary help timely.
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This paper is divided into 4 sections. The second section detail description for the key concepts in proposed method like different sensors used in proposed method. The third section gives working of proposed method with flow diagram of system and last fourth section will give summary and direction for future research.
2 KEY CONCEPTS USED IN PROPOSED METHOD.
ITS has many applications such as finding empty parking space, automatic toll ticket generation, security management, traffic monitoring, timely warning about dangerous roads but these are not enough for saving a person who has got fatal injuries from a car accident. So, in this paper we propose an idea of detecting the accident whenever it take place and immediately sending previously written text message like”Your relative has met with an accident [3] at position (position will be dynamic value generated from the GPS)” to some contacts previously saved during the installation of the system and another text message like “Accident at position (position will be dynamic value generated from GPS)” to nearest police station and hospital. Suppose the person has travelled inter-state and met with an accident there, so the text message will be send to his relatives in his state as well as to emergency contacts like police station and hospitals in the locality of the accident, but unfortunately due to some network congestion the text message did not reach the emergency contacts but it have reached the relatives then using the GPS position in the text message the relatives can send immediate help by contacting local police stations and hospitals in the accident zone. Thus the endangered person(s) can be saved [4]. In our proposed idea, as soon as accident will take place immediately the system will generate text message for help to nearest police station, hospital and on relative numbers along with the exact geographical position of accidental place. This whole process will complete in following stages. Whenever any accident takes place either by colliding a car with another car or car with some stationary object then car feels a high amount of vibration and a blast noise and this noise and vibration can never be felt in normal situations, so, by keeping these parameters in consideration if we read value of noise and vibration with the help of sensors [12] then we can conclude for an accident. Noise sensor continuously senses the noise generating in the car. Noise in the car can generated due to several reasons such as noise of engine during ignition, noise from the stereo system installed in the car, environmental noise and noise due to bad maintenance of car. So, this is very important and difficult to differentiate between these noises and to reach any final position because this parameter is not enough to judge any situation. Hence, by adding another sensor with this can help to conclude towards accident and that could be
vibration sensor. Again if vibration within the car are measured then vibration can be generate due to motion in car during running, due to noise effect of music system installed within car and due to nearby crossing vehicles. But alone this vibration sensor fails to detect accident, so if both vibration and noise sensors are combined together to find out occurring of a particular event then might be they can produce some noticeable result. Because noise and vibration produces in car during normal running is always less than the vibration and noise generated by car system during an accident. It has been seen that a blast kind of noise generates when a car collide with an object and body of car also feels a shake but the amount of noise and vibration depend upon the severity of collision. Fig 2.1 shows different types of car accident.
(a)
(b)
(c )
(d)
Fig 2.1 Showing different scenario after car accident.
Four different car accident place situation is shown in fig. 2.1 to identify the impact of noise and vibration within car during accident and to show that this differs from the normal noise and vibration. In fig 2.1(a), two high speed moving cars collides from front, if fig 2.1(b) a speedy car hits another stationary car at the back, in fig 2.1(c) a speedy driver lost his control over car and car hits with tree (stationary object) and in fig 2.1(d) a high speed moving car rolls on the road. So, this can easily conclude from these pictures that noise and vibration generated during accident is always very high in comparison to normal condition and we can also conclude that combination of noise and vibration sensor are able to detect the road side accident. But if in any case such loud noise or up to that level of noise generates then it may be due to the accident of a neighbouring car along with certain amount of vibration and then this will conclude to accident as per noise and vibration sensor but in actual which has not taken place. To prevent such situation from happening we are measuring one more parameter
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that is the pressure sensor to measure the pressure intensity during braking will be checked. Normally when a car brakes it is smooth and the pressure comes slowly on brakes but in case of an accident the drivers will always try to avoid any misshaping it and so will definitely slam the brake hard thus creating more pressure intensity on the brake. The force applied on breaks differs as per situations and also depends on the speed of car because it has been seen that usually driver doesn’t apply same force in every conditions and during accidents normally driver apply full force on brakes to avoid collision but it doesn’t mean that if driver is applying full force on brake then in that case car has meet any accident. We are creating a chain of events to sense the accident because it may happen that a driver is speeding on the highway and suddenly an animal comes in the way, the driver will slam the brakes trying to save the animal from getting run over, then if we measure only the pressure intensity of the brakes then this will also be treated as an accident even though it has not occurred, so we are taking a chain of events as constraints as sound and vibration generated during that case will not be in noticeable amount and thus even though the pressure sensor senses an alarming rise in the pressure intensity, as it is not preceded by the sound and vibration constraint, it will not conclude that an accident has taken place. So, it is very tough to find out the probability of accident from the pressure sensor, but on other hand importance of this event can’t be neglect because this can be helpful to reach on any conclusion. Hence, in the proposed method, pressure sensor is also used to detect accident along with noise and vibration sensors. If all these sensors are combined together in a sequence then probability of detecting accident will be very high because if accident moment is noticed very closely then this can conclude that these three parameters usually comes into picture during an accident because if any speedy car collides with another moving or non-moving object then in that case driver would first apply brakes to avoid accident and noise, vibration generated during accident will be higher as compare to normal situations.
they will get minimum damage during accident and such place is near gear-box in the car. Whenever cars meets with accident either from front side or back side then this gear-box position remains un-affected because of resistance generated by car body during accident and outer body gets crashed but internal gear-box location get least damage. So, this will be preferable to install sensors near to gear-box only which will prevent them by getting crashed.
3. PROPOSED METHOD
Whenever any accident takes place then very most important activity is; rescue team should reach to accident place immediately to provide help, medical services and the time required for information flow from accident place to rescue team should be least. So, it is not enough to detect the accident only but this is also important to send this information to rescue team immediately along with the geographical location because such information is useless without geographical information. Hence, when it confirms that accident has taken place then a GPS sensor is also required to find the geographical location of accident. A GPS sensor gives the geo-coordinates with precise location by which it can be find out that where accident was happened but this information need to be send via some communicating device such as mobile phone. So, mobile phone’s Bluetooth should be in switched on mode before engine starts so that message can be send to rescue team.
Bluetooth Switch On Bluetooth triggers GPS Sensor and other sensors A Green LED lit up Ignition switch turned on Car starts
Fig 3.1 Flow graph for how car starts.
Place to locate sensors
Fig. 2.2 Location for sensors. Sensors should be installed in such a position where
So, in fig 3.1, a flow is shown for how these devices are linked with car ignition. Whenever the driver will try to start the car, first Bluetooth need to be turn in switched on mode and as soon as Bluetooth become active, it will automatically triggered an event to initialize noise sensor, vibration sensor, pressure sensor and GPS sensor because these sensors cannot be put in on mode for their unabridged life [11]. There are two disadvantages of keeping sensor in on mode all the time i.e. firstly they will fused very quickly, life time will decrease and they need to replace often, secondly they will keep on taking power from car’s battery and due to this they will dis-charge complete
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battery when car will be in idle mode. So, this need to be take care that when car ignition turns off then Bluetooth device will generate an event to these sensor devices for turning them off as there is no need to detect an accident when car is in idle mode and in this way these sensor will sustain for a longer time period.
and this timely information can save more lives.
4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
In the proposed method, main objective was to detect an accident in which immediately help is required to driver and driver is not in position to inform any rescue team, in this kind of situation there was need to develop such system which should inform automatically to rescue team that some accident has taken place along with geo-graphical location. For this propose, four different sensors were used viz. noise sensor, vibration sensor, pressure sensor and GPS sensor and these sensor were grouped in such a way that they will monitor respective data from environment and detect the accident. Accident will be detected in a chain event, when noise sensor and vibration sensor will fire an event for accident then pressure sensor will confirm its probability and GPS sensor will give the geographical location of moving car, thus all this information will combine together and system will send this information to rescue team. In this way, the time usually taken by information to flow from accidental place to reaching rescue team to that place is minimum as rescue team will get message immediately when accident will take place and rescue team can react accordingly. But in this entire concept, threshold levels should set from which severity of accident should also be measured and if accordingly messages will be generated then more corrective action can be taken.
REFERENCES
Fig 3.2 Complete flow graph of proposed method.
[1]
[2]
Step by step proposed method is shown in fig. 3.2. In the first step, Bluetooth should turn on before starting car which will initiate an event to turn on GPS sensor and this will allow to car to get ignition on along with noise sensor, vibration sensor and pressure senor. In this mode, car can drove anywhere, during driving if car hits with any moving or non-moving object then either this can be a minor scratch on car or this can be a major accident. At this point, if sound generated and vibration measured by sensors are above than normal situation parameters then in a chain system will measure pressure sensor value and all values are higher than normal value then it will concluded as accident else this situation will be a normal situation as already have discussed in earlier section. If it confirms that accident has taken place, then immediately GPS sensor data will be used to locate the geographical location of car at that moment and this information will be pass to communicating device via Bluetooth which initiating an event to send this information on pre-stored emergency numbers of near-by police station, medical service (rescue team) and to own relatives. In this way, correct information can be send to all the numbers informing them that accident has taken place at some geographical location and help is sought from them to save lives
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
Qiyuan Peng “Design of Expressway emergency Rescue Management System Based on the GIS-T” International Conference on Transportation Engineering, 2009, Volume 1 Wang Jun, Chen Hong ”Analysis on Reliability of Emergency Rescue System on Highway” Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2011 Asia-Pacific Issue Date : 25-28 March 2011, pp.1 - 5 ISSN : 2157-4839 Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-6253-7 Long Kejun, Liu Yong, Luo Xiangwu ”Emergency Accident Rescue System in Freeway Based on GIS” Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA), 2008 International Conference on Issue Date : 20-22 Oct. 2008 Volume 2, pp. 247 - 250 Print ISBN: 978-0-7695-3357-5 Dian-liang Xiao, Yu-jia Tian ”Reliability of Emergency Rescue System on Highway” Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, 2009. ICICTA '09. Second International Conference on Issue Date :10-11 Oct. 2009 Volume 2 pp. 564 - 567 Print ISBN: 978-0-7695-3804-4 Moreira N., Venda M. , Silva C. , Marcelino L. , Pereira, A. “@Sensor - Mobile Application to Monitor a WSN” Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 2011 6th Iberian Conference on Issue Date : 15-18 June 2011 pp. 1 - 6 Print ISBN: 978-1-4577-1487-0 Yu Xiao, Xiaoyan Cui, Hang Li, Teng Xi ” A protocol simplifying mechanism for a WSN module” Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEIE), 2010 International Conference On Issue Date 1-3 Aug. 2010 Volume 2 On pp. V2-474 - V2-477 Print ISBN: 978-14244-7679-4 Mishra, T., Garg, D., Gore, M.M. “A Publish/Subscribe Communication Infrastructure for VANET Applications”
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Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA),2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Issue Date 22-25 March 2011 pp. 442 - 446 Print ISBN: 978-1-61284829-7 [8] Sok-Ian Sou , Tonguz, O.K ” Enhancing VANET Connectivity Through Roadside Units on Highways” Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on Issue Date : Oct. 2011 Volume 60 , Issue:8 pp. 3586 - 3602 ISSN : 0018-9545 [9] Cobo, M. ,J Ló pez-Herrera, A. G. , Herrera, F. , Herrera-Viedma E.” A Note on the ITS Topic Evolution in the Period 2000–2009 at TITS” Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on Volume: PP, Issue: 99 pp. 1 - 7 ISSN : 1524-9050 [10] Kung, A., Freytag, J., Kargl, F.” Privacy-by-design in ITS applications” World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on a Issue Date: 20-24 June 2011 pp. 1 - 6 E-ISBN : 978-1-4577-0350-8 Print ISBN: 978-1-4577-0352-2 [11] Patil, B., Patil, R., Pittet, A.” Energy saving techniques for GPS based tracking applications” Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveilance Conference (ICNS), 2011 Issue Date 10-12 May 2011 pp. J8-1 - J8-10 ISSN: 2155-4943 Print ISBN: 978-1-4577-0593-9 [12] Sensor node information available via www at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor_node.
Sukanya Ray is currently pursuing M.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering at Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida. She has received B.Tech degree from IMPS College of Engineering and Technology, WBUT in 2010. Her current research includes in MANET, sensor network and Genetic Algorithm. Amnesh Goel is pursuing M.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering at Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida. He has received MCA, M.Sc degree from Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak in 2010 and 2009 respectively. He has done BCA and B.Sc from IGNOU, Delhi and Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut respectively in 2007. He has more than 2 years’ experience in administration. His current research includes in Image Encryption, MANET, sensor network and Data Mining. Ms. Nidhi Chandra has more than 7 years’ experience in academic and Software Development. She is M.Tech from CDAC NOIDA, affiliated from GGSIPU, Delhi. Presently she is working as Assistant Professor at Amity University Noida. She has Worked with Tata Unisys and CDAC Noida. Her research interest includes Natural Language Processing, Assistive Technology and Semantic Web Based Application.
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Accident Detection by Wireless Sensor Network and Sending Rescue Message with GPS
Sukanya Ray, Amnesh Goel and Nidhi Chandra
Abstract : In the last decade the number of deaths and fatal injuries from traffic accidents has been increasing rapidly but driving remains an essential requirement so, one of the urgent needs of the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is to provide immediate medication and necessary help after an accident occurs so that the lives can be saved. This paper aims to suggest an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) for four wheelers by using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and sending rescue messages to emergency contacts, which is saved before hand by the driver and to nearby police stations and hospitals so that necessary help can be provided within time. Index Terms: WSN, Four wheeler ITS, SMS, GPS, VANET.
—————————— —————————— In most of the death cases it has been seen that deaths 1. INTRODUCTION ratio of on the spot death to deaths in hospital are of riving is an essential part in the life of many 4:6 [1]. From this ratio it is very clear that if rescue people. The last decade has witnessed operation could initiate at early stage then more lives substantial effort being put on improving the can saved directly or they could recover early and driving safety and on reducing accidental death due death ratio could minimized up to a noticeable figure. to road accidents. Among them, the most significant The main cause of this mishap is due to the fact that technological aspect might be the vehicular ad hoc as there is no such system by which rescue team can network (VANET) [7] [8] and the accident sensing identify that where and when accident is taking place and rescue message sending applications built atop [2]. The time by which police and emergency medical the VANET. team approaches to accidental place, by that time Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) [9] [10] usually we lost lives because the time taken by covers a wide range of applications that include information to approach rescue teams are more communication system, positioning, sensing, and enough. Hence to reduce the economical loss and life other information-related technologies to improve the loss during vital accidents on highways, it is very efficiency, safety, and environmental aspects of the important to get information from accident place surface transportation. The major categories of ITS timely so accordingly actions could take place. So, include traffic-management systems (adaptive looking on these aspects system should change in traffic signals, electronic toll collection etc.), such a manner that information flow time from traveler information systems (motorist information, accidental place to rescue team should least and it is and dynamic route guidance), systems for public very important too to know the location of the transportation (automatic vehicle location, signal accidental place because knowing only that accident preemption, smart cards for fare collection etc) and has taken place without location is not worthwhile for commercial-vehicle operations (fleet management, information. weigh in motion- weighing trucks as they travel, The successful functioning of a technology crucially automatic vehicle classification, international-border depends on the coupling of various processes based crossing etc.). Mobility is an important necessity for primarily on the judgment of social structure, any type of involvement in our society. The purpose economic conditions and working environment of the of ITS is to use the above said technologies to technology. Information collection of the increase mobility and to make driving safer, more transportation and communication system plays a efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective, energy saving, major role in intelligent transportation system (ITS). convenient and comfortable. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [5] [6] are generally used in 4-wheelers to perform various ———————————————— management functions, such as finding empty Sukanya Ray is with Amity School Of Engineering & Technology, parking space, automatic toll ticket generation, Amity University, Noida (U.P.), India. security management etc. In this paper we append a Amnesh Goel is with Amity School Of Engineering & Technology, new role in ITS to sense accident and send rescue Amity University, Noida (U.P.), India. Nidhi Chandra is with is with Amity School Of Engineering & messages to contacts, which were stored by the driver Technology, Amity University, Noida (U.P.), India. during system installation and to nearest police station and hospitals so that the accident victim gets the necessary help timely.
D
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This paper is divided into 4 sections. The second section detail description for the key concepts in proposed method like different sensors used in proposed method. The third section gives working of proposed method with flow diagram of system and last fourth section will give summary and direction for future research.
2 KEY CONCEPTS USED IN PROPOSED METHOD.
ITS has many applications such as finding empty parking space, automatic toll ticket generation, security management, traffic monitoring, timely warning about dangerous roads but these are not enough for saving a person who has got fatal injuries from a car accident. So, in this paper we propose an idea of detecting the accident whenever it take place and immediately sending previously written text message like”Your relative has met with an accident [3] at position (position will be dynamic value generated from the GPS)” to some contacts previously saved during the installation of the system and another text message like “Accident at position (position will be dynamic value generated from GPS)” to nearest police station and hospital. Suppose the person has travelled inter-state and met with an accident there, so the text message will be send to his relatives in his state as well as to emergency contacts like police station and hospitals in the locality of the accident, but unfortunately due to some network congestion the text message did not reach the emergency contacts but it have reached the relatives then using the GPS position in the text message the relatives can send immediate help by contacting local police stations and hospitals in the accident zone. Thus the endangered person(s) can be saved [4]. In our proposed idea, as soon as accident will take place immediately the system will generate text message for help to nearest police station, hospital and on relative numbers along with the exact geographical position of accidental place. This whole process will complete in following stages. Whenever any accident takes place either by colliding a car with another car or car with some stationary object then car feels a high amount of vibration and a blast noise and this noise and vibration can never be felt in normal situations, so, by keeping these parameters in consideration if we read value of noise and vibration with the help of sensors [12] then we can conclude for an accident. Noise sensor continuously senses the noise generating in the car. Noise in the car can generated due to several reasons such as noise of engine during ignition, noise from the stereo system installed in the car, environmental noise and noise due to bad maintenance of car. So, this is very important and difficult to differentiate between these noises and to reach any final position because this parameter is not enough to judge any situation. Hence, by adding another sensor with this can help to conclude towards accident and that could be
vibration sensor. Again if vibration within the car are measured then vibration can be generate due to motion in car during running, due to noise effect of music system installed within car and due to nearby crossing vehicles. But alone this vibration sensor fails to detect accident, so if both vibration and noise sensors are combined together to find out occurring of a particular event then might be they can produce some noticeable result. Because noise and vibration produces in car during normal running is always less than the vibration and noise generated by car system during an accident. It has been seen that a blast kind of noise generates when a car collide with an object and body of car also feels a shake but the amount of noise and vibration depend upon the severity of collision. Fig 2.1 shows different types of car accident.
(a)
(b)
(c )
(d)
Fig 2.1 Showing different scenario after car accident.
Four different car accident place situation is shown in fig. 2.1 to identify the impact of noise and vibration within car during accident and to show that this differs from the normal noise and vibration. In fig 2.1(a), two high speed moving cars collides from front, if fig 2.1(b) a speedy car hits another stationary car at the back, in fig 2.1(c) a speedy driver lost his control over car and car hits with tree (stationary object) and in fig 2.1(d) a high speed moving car rolls on the road. So, this can easily conclude from these pictures that noise and vibration generated during accident is always very high in comparison to normal condition and we can also conclude that combination of noise and vibration sensor are able to detect the road side accident. But if in any case such loud noise or up to that level of noise generates then it may be due to the accident of a neighbouring car along with certain amount of vibration and then this will conclude to accident as per noise and vibration sensor but in actual which has not taken place. To prevent such situation from happening we are measuring one more parameter
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that is the pressure sensor to measure the pressure intensity during braking will be checked. Normally when a car brakes it is smooth and the pressure comes slowly on brakes but in case of an accident the drivers will always try to avoid any misshaping it and so will definitely slam the brake hard thus creating more pressure intensity on the brake. The force applied on breaks differs as per situations and also depends on the speed of car because it has been seen that usually driver doesn’t apply same force in every conditions and during accidents normally driver apply full force on brakes to avoid collision but it doesn’t mean that if driver is applying full force on brake then in that case car has meet any accident. We are creating a chain of events to sense the accident because it may happen that a driver is speeding on the highway and suddenly an animal comes in the way, the driver will slam the brakes trying to save the animal from getting run over, then if we measure only the pressure intensity of the brakes then this will also be treated as an accident even though it has not occurred, so we are taking a chain of events as constraints as sound and vibration generated during that case will not be in noticeable amount and thus even though the pressure sensor senses an alarming rise in the pressure intensity, as it is not preceded by the sound and vibration constraint, it will not conclude that an accident has taken place. So, it is very tough to find out the probability of accident from the pressure sensor, but on other hand importance of this event can’t be neglect because this can be helpful to reach on any conclusion. Hence, in the proposed method, pressure sensor is also used to detect accident along with noise and vibration sensors. If all these sensors are combined together in a sequence then probability of detecting accident will be very high because if accident moment is noticed very closely then this can conclude that these three parameters usually comes into picture during an accident because if any speedy car collides with another moving or non-moving object then in that case driver would first apply brakes to avoid accident and noise, vibration generated during accident will be higher as compare to normal situations.
they will get minimum damage during accident and such place is near gear-box in the car. Whenever cars meets with accident either from front side or back side then this gear-box position remains un-affected because of resistance generated by car body during accident and outer body gets crashed but internal gear-box location get least damage. So, this will be preferable to install sensors near to gear-box only which will prevent them by getting crashed.
3. PROPOSED METHOD
Whenever any accident takes place then very most important activity is; rescue team should reach to accident place immediately to provide help, medical services and the time required for information flow from accident place to rescue team should be least. So, it is not enough to detect the accident only but this is also important to send this information to rescue team immediately along with the geographical location because such information is useless without geographical information. Hence, when it confirms that accident has taken place then a GPS sensor is also required to find the geographical location of accident. A GPS sensor gives the geo-coordinates with precise location by which it can be find out that where accident was happened but this information need to be send via some communicating device such as mobile phone. So, mobile phone’s Bluetooth should be in switched on mode before engine starts so that message can be send to rescue team.
Bluetooth Switch On Bluetooth triggers GPS Sensor and other sensors A Green LED lit up Ignition switch turned on Car starts
Fig 3.1 Flow graph for how car starts.
Place to locate sensors
Fig. 2.2 Location for sensors. Sensors should be installed in such a position where
So, in fig 3.1, a flow is shown for how these devices are linked with car ignition. Whenever the driver will try to start the car, first Bluetooth need to be turn in switched on mode and as soon as Bluetooth become active, it will automatically triggered an event to initialize noise sensor, vibration sensor, pressure sensor and GPS sensor because these sensors cannot be put in on mode for their unabridged life [11]. There are two disadvantages of keeping sensor in on mode all the time i.e. firstly they will fused very quickly, life time will decrease and they need to replace often, secondly they will keep on taking power from car’s battery and due to this they will dis-charge complete
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battery when car will be in idle mode. So, this need to be take care that when car ignition turns off then Bluetooth device will generate an event to these sensor devices for turning them off as there is no need to detect an accident when car is in idle mode and in this way these sensor will sustain for a longer time period.
and this timely information can save more lives.
4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
In the proposed method, main objective was to detect an accident in which immediately help is required to driver and driver is not in position to inform any rescue team, in this kind of situation there was need to develop such system which should inform automatically to rescue team that some accident has taken place along with geo-graphical location. For this propose, four different sensors were used viz. noise sensor, vibration sensor, pressure sensor and GPS sensor and these sensor were grouped in such a way that they will monitor respective data from environment and detect the accident. Accident will be detected in a chain event, when noise sensor and vibration sensor will fire an event for accident then pressure sensor will confirm its probability and GPS sensor will give the geographical location of moving car, thus all this information will combine together and system will send this information to rescue team. In this way, the time usually taken by information to flow from accidental place to reaching rescue team to that place is minimum as rescue team will get message immediately when accident will take place and rescue team can react accordingly. But in this entire concept, threshold levels should set from which severity of accident should also be measured and if accordingly messages will be generated then more corrective action can be taken.
REFERENCES
Fig 3.2 Complete flow graph of proposed method.
[1]
[2]
Step by step proposed method is shown in fig. 3.2. In the first step, Bluetooth should turn on before starting car which will initiate an event to turn on GPS sensor and this will allow to car to get ignition on along with noise sensor, vibration sensor and pressure senor. In this mode, car can drove anywhere, during driving if car hits with any moving or non-moving object then either this can be a minor scratch on car or this can be a major accident. At this point, if sound generated and vibration measured by sensors are above than normal situation parameters then in a chain system will measure pressure sensor value and all values are higher than normal value then it will concluded as accident else this situation will be a normal situation as already have discussed in earlier section. If it confirms that accident has taken place, then immediately GPS sensor data will be used to locate the geographical location of car at that moment and this information will be pass to communicating device via Bluetooth which initiating an event to send this information on pre-stored emergency numbers of near-by police station, medical service (rescue team) and to own relatives. In this way, correct information can be send to all the numbers informing them that accident has taken place at some geographical location and help is sought from them to save lives
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Sukanya Ray is currently pursuing M.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering at Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida. She has received B.Tech degree from IMPS College of Engineering and Technology, WBUT in 2010. Her current research includes in MANET, sensor network and Genetic Algorithm. Amnesh Goel is pursuing M.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering at Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida. He has received MCA, M.Sc degree from Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak in 2010 and 2009 respectively. He has done BCA and B.Sc from IGNOU, Delhi and Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut respectively in 2007. He has more than 2 years’ experience in administration. His current research includes in Image Encryption, MANET, sensor network and Data Mining. Ms. Nidhi Chandra has more than 7 years’ experience in academic and Software Development. She is M.Tech from CDAC NOIDA, affiliated from GGSIPU, Delhi. Presently she is working as Assistant Professor at Amity University Noida. She has Worked with Tata Unisys and CDAC Noida. Her research interest includes Natural Language Processing, Assistive Technology and Semantic Web Based Application.
