anatomy and physiology Blood

 

Package Title: Testbank  Course Title: PAP14 Chapter Number: 19

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood? a) Transportation of nutrients  b) Regulation of blood pH c) Protection against infectious disease d) Transportation of heat e) Production of oxygen Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.1 Describe the functions of blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

2) The normal average temperature of blood is around a) 98.6°F  b) 100.4°F c) 90.8°F d) 89.6°F e) 101.6°F Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

3) The normal pH range for blood is a) 7.35 –8.50  b) 7.35 –9.45 c) 6.35 –7.35

 

d) 6.35 –9.35 e) 7.35 –7.45 Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

4) Which of the following is NOT a common component of circulating blood? a) Blood plasma  b) Formed elements c) Hemocytoblasts d) Platelets e) White blood cells Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

5) The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by a) WBCs.  b) platelets. c) RBCs. d) plasma. e) plasma proteins. Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

6) What percentage of blood plasma is water? a) 95.1%  b) 91.5% c) 88.5% d) 4.9% e) 8.5% Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

7) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance? a) Albumin b) Globulins c) Fibrinogen d) Myoglobin e) Hemoglobin Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

8) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting? a) Albumin b) Globulins c) Fibrinogen d) Prostaglandins e) None of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

 

Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

9) The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called a) hematospermia.  b) hemopoiesis. c) thrombocytosis. d) hemostasis. e) polycythemia. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

10) A megakaryoblast will develop into a) a red blood cell.  b) a white blood cell. c) a platelet. d) either a white blood cell or a platelet. e) none of these choices. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells 11) During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells will eventually develop into a) proerythroblasts.  b) T lymphoblasts. c) B lymphoblasts. d) NK lymphoblasts. e) all of these choices. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium

 

Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

12) Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow? a) erythropoietin (EPO)  b) thrombopoietin (TPO) c) human growth hormone (hGH) d) calcitonin (CT) e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

13) Approximately, how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC? a) 50 million  b) 100 million c) 280 million d) 320 million e) 430 million Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells

14) Ferritin is a protein used to a) transport iron in the blood.  b) store iron in the liver. c) oxidize iron in the peroxisomes. d) synthesize iron. e) absorb iron across intestinal cells. Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells

15) The major function of red blood cells is a) nutrient transport.  b) cytokine stimulation. c) blood cell proliferation. d) gas transport. e) disease resistance. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells

16) Towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a red blood cell loses its nucleus and  becomes a a) proerythroblast.  b) megakaryocyte. c) progenitor cell. d) mature erythrocyte. e) reticulocyte. Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells

17) Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte? a) Neutrophil  b) Platelet c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) Erythrocyte

 

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

18) Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel? a) Erythrocyte  b) Platelet c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) Neutrophil Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets. Section Reference 1: 19.5 Platelets

19) Which of the following blood cells release granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions? a) Eosinophil  b) Monocyte c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) Neutrophil Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

20) Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against parasitic worms? a) Eosinophil

 

 b) Monocyte c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) Neutrophil Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

21) Which of the following blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system defense of the body against microbial invaders? a) Eosinophil  b) Macrophage c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) Platelet Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

22) Which of the following cells is not an agranular leukocyte? a) Monocytes  b) Macrophage c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) All of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

23) The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called a) emigration.  b) diaphysis. c) adhesion. d) opsonization. e) phagocytosis. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

24) Which of the following chemical substances are NOT commonly released by mast cells? a) Heparin  b) Histamine c) Nitric oxide d) Proteases e) All of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

25) Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts? a) Erythropoietin  b) Thrombopoietin c) Nitric oxide d) Human growth hormone e) Heparin Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets. Section Reference 1: 19.5 Platelets

 

26) Which of following correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel? a) vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemia  b) hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation c) emigration, clotting, hemolysis d) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clotting e) anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

27) The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of a) thromboplastin.  b) prothrombinase. c) clotting factor XII. d) fibrin. e) tissue factor. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

28) Which of the following clotting factors is involved in strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot? a) Factor V  b) Factor VII c) Factor XI d) Factor XIII e) Factor XIV Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

29) Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy? a) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative  b) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive c) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative d) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in  blood transfusions. Learning Objective 2: 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups. Section Reference 1: 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

30) Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release? a) Heparin  b) Fibrinogen c) Plasmin d) Antithrombin e) Prostacyclin Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

31) Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils? a) Heparin

 

 b) Fibrinogen c) Thromboxane A2 d) Prostacyclin e) Plasmin Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

32) Which of the cells in the diagram will eventually develop into macrophages?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

33) Which of the cells in the diagram will increase the number of nuclear lobes as they age?

a) A

 

 b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

34) Which of the cells in the diagram can be subdivided into categories of small and large versions of this cell type?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

35) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a WBC?

a) A  b) B c) C d) Both B and C e) All of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

36) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a pluripotent stem cell?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) G Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

37) Which letter in the diagram indicates the correct position of a myeloid stem cell?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) G Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

38 Which labeled cell in the diagram is the reticulocyte?

a) D  b) G c) E d) H e) F Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

39 Which labeled cell in the diagram will develop into thrombocytes?

a) G  b) J c) K d) L e) E Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

40) Which of the labeled form elements of blood shown in the diagram are granular leukocytes?

a) I  b) J c) K  d) More than one of the selections is correct. e) None of selections are correct. Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

41) What is this figure demonstrating?

a) Erythropoiesis  b) RBC differentiation c) Emigration d) Clot formation e) Clot retraction Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

42) What does this figure represent?

a) Erythropoiesis  b) RBC differentiation c) Emigration d) Clot formation e) Clot retraction Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

43) Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O  blood?

 

a) anti-A  b) anti-B c) anti-A and anti-B d) No antibodies to ABO blood group antigens e) Not enough information to answer  Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in  blood transfusions. Learning Objective 2: 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups. Section Reference 1: 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

44) What blood type is a person if their plasma contains only anti-A agglutinin? a) A  b) B c) O d) AB e) Not enough information is provided to answer question. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in  blood transfusions. Learning Objective 2: 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups. Section Reference 1: 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

Question type: Essay 45) List and briefly describe the major functions of blood. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.1 Describe the functions of blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood Solution: 1) Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones and heat; 2) Regulation of pH via buffers, body temperature via properties of water in plasma, and water 

 

 balance via osmotic pressure created by plasma proteins; 3)Protection via clotting, antibodies,  phagocytosis, and complement.

46) Describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis. Under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated? Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 2: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells Solution: Hypoxia in the kidney leads to secretion of erythropoietin, which targets  proerythroblasts in red bone marrow to mature into reticulocytes, which enter circulation to  become red blood cells thus increasing the oxygen-carrying oxy gen-carrying capacity of blood. Tissue hypoxia is induced by any form of anemia (reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood), or when oxygen levels in the external environment are low (e.g., high altitudes). High levels of reticulocytes in the circulation are a strong indicator of increased erythropoiesis.

47) Explain the proposed role of hemoglobin in the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells Solution: The gaseous hormone nitric oxide (NO), produced by the endothelial cells that line  blood vessels, binds to hemoglobin. Under some circumstances, hemoglobin releases NO. The released NO causes vasodilation, an increase in blood vessel diameter that occurs when the smooth muscle in the vessel wall relaxes. Vasodilation improves blood flow and enhances oxygen delivery to cells near the site of NO release.

48) Why does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting? Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

 

Solution: Blood may come in contact with collagen in the surrounding basal lamina, which activates clotting factor XII, which ultimately leads to the formation of fibrin clots. Platelets also adhere to collagen exposed by damage to the endothelium and begin their release reaction

Question type: Multiple Choice

49) When blood from a normal adult is centrifuged as shown in the figure, which of the following components occupies the greatest volume?

a) plasma  b) red blood cells c) platelets d) buffy coat e) white blood cells Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

 

Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

50) What percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure is protein?

a) 20%  b) 7% c) 1.5% d) 55% e) 54% Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

51) What is the normal concentration range of the formed element that comprises the blood component labeled III in the figure?

a) 400,000 –1 million cells/μL  b) 150 –200 cells/μL c) 4.8 –5.4 million cells/μL d) 150,000 –400,000 cells/μL e) 5,000 –10,000 cells/μL Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

52) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the highest percentage of the  blood component compone nt labeled II in the figure?

a) eosinophils  b) monocytes c) lymphocytes d) neutrophils e) basophils Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

53) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the smallest percentage of the  blood component compone nt labeled II in the figure?

a) eosinophils  b) monocytes c) lymphocytes d) neutrophils e) basophils Answer: e Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

54) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the highest percentage in the blood component labeled I in the figure?

a) globulin  b) albumin c) fibrinogen d) thrombin e) keratin Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

55) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the lowest percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure?

a) globulin  b) albumin c) fibrinogen d) all of the protein listed are found in equal percentages e) none of proteins listed are found in component I Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood. Learning Objective 2: 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of  blood. Section Reference 1: 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

56) Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to neutrophils? a) Megakaryoblast  b) Proerythroblast

 

c) T lymphoblast d) Monoblast e) Myeloblast Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

57) Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to the platelets? a) Megakaryoblast  b) Proerythroblast c) T lymphoblast d) Monoblast e) Myeloblast Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

58) Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes? a) Platelets  b) Erythrocytes c) T lymphocytes d) Monocytes e) Basophils Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

59) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes? a) Proerythroblast  b) Megakaryoblast c) Lymphoblast

 

d) Myeloblast e) None of the selections are correct. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

60) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes? a) Proerythroblast  b) Megakaryoblast c) Lymphoblast d) Myeloblast e) None of the selections are correct. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

61) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate bacterial infection, stress, or inflammation?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

62) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate viral infections?

a) A & B  b) B & C c) C & D d) D & E e) E & C Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

63) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate parasitic infection or autoimmune disease?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

 

Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

64) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate cancer or hypothyroidism?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

65) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate fungal infection?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: e Difficulty: Hard

 

Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

66) A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate pregnancy, ovulation, or hyperthyroidism?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

67) A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate radiation exposure, or systemic lupus erythromatosus?

a) A  b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

68) Low counts of which two cell types shown in the figure may result from treatment with cortisol?

a) A & B  b) B & C c) C & D d) D & E e) E & C Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs). Section Reference 1: 19.4 White Blood Cells

69) Serum is a) the same as plasma.  b) plasma without the clotting factors. c) the same as lymph. d) formed during the first step in blood clotting. e) pulmonary interstitial fluid. Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis

 

70) Reduced vitamin B12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor  production in the stomach results in condition called a) hemorrhagic anemia.  b) aplastic anemia. c) megaloblastic anemia. d) pernicious anemia. e) iron deficiency anemia. Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood. Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

71) Destruction of red bone marrow due to radiation results in a) hemorrhagic anemia.  b) aplastic anemia. c) megaloblastic anemia. d) pernicious anemia. e) iron deficiency anemia. Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood. Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

72) A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B 12 or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called a) hemorrhagic anemia.  b) aplastic anemia. c) megaloblastic anemia. d) pernicious anemia. e) iron deficiency anemia. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood. Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

 

73) Anemia is defined as a) a condition where blood does not clot properly.  b) a condition where blood cells are lysed by the immune response. c) a condition where there is excessive bleeding. d) a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced. e) none of these choices. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood. Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

Question type: Essay

74) List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged  blood vessel. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis. Learning Objective 2: 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis. Section Reference 1: 19.7 Hemostasis Solution: 1) Vascular spasm occurs when circularly arranged smooth muscles in arteriole walls contract to reduce blood loss. 2) Platelet plug formation starts when platelets making contact with collagen fibers from a damaged vessel. This will initiate a series of reactions, which leads to  platelet activation and a nd the release of their vesicular content that ultimately attracts more platelets to the area, eventually leading to the formation of a plug over the damaged area. 3) Blood clotting involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions following platelet plug formation. The clot enables the damaged vessel to heal and repair properly.

Question type: Multiple Choice

75) Stercobilin, a brown pigment that gives feces its characteristic color, and urobilin, a yellow  pigment that gives urine its color, are both breakdown products of which of the following components of blood? a) heme  b) globin

 

c) iron d) ferritin e) erythropoietin Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells

76) The average life span of an erythrocyte in the circulation is a) 4 to 5 years.  b) 4 to 5 hours. c) 5 to 9 days. d) 120 days. e) 120 weeks. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red  blood cells. Section Reference 1: 19.3 Red Blood Cells

77) Which of the following are characteristics of BOTH erythrocytes and thromobocytes? a) no nucleus  b) large segmented nucleus c) cytoplasmic granules d) lifespan of 5 to 9 days e) develop from myeloblasts f) more than one answer selection is correct Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets. Section Reference 1: 19.5 Platelets

78) Which of the following formed elements in blood are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver after only 5 to 9 days in the circulation?

 

a) erythrocytes  b) thrombocytes c) monocytes d) basophils e) eosinophils Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets. Section Reference 1: 19.5 Platelets

79) A cord-blood transplant involves obtaining the stem cells to transplant into the diseased  patient from a) the spermatic cord of a donor’s testes.  b) the spinal cord of the patient. c) a donorofshortly after birth. d) the the umbilical irradiated cord boneof marrow the patient. e) the spinal cord of an aborted fetus. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.6 Explain the importance of bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants. Section Reference 1: 19.6 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord Blood

80) If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood, which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient? a) Agglutination (clumping) of the transfused blood cells.  b) Complement-induced hemolysis of the transfused blood cells. c) Released hemoglobin clogging the filtration membrane of the kidneys. d) More than one of the answer selection is correct. e) No adverse reactions would occur. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in  blood transfusions.

 

Learning Objective 2: 19.8.2 Explain why it is so important to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion. Section Reference 1: 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

81) Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by both anti-A serum and anti-B serum, but not by anti-Rh serum? a) AB negative  b) AB positive c) O negative d) O positive e) None of the selections are correct Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in  blood transfusions. Learning Objective 2: 19.8.2 Explain why it is so important to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion. Section Reference 1: 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types