Appendix A

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Appendix A
DESCRIPTIONS OF IMPORTANT HISTORIC SITES
This list of some of the most important historic sites or properties (buildings, structures, and
districts), within the proposed Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area includes: (1) all
National Historic Landmarks; (2) selected properties currently listed on the National and
State Registers of Historic Places; (3) selected properties that are unlisted but are likely eligible
for inclusion in the National and State Registers; and (4) selected properties with local
significance. The properties in Pima County were identified in 2002 as Priority Historic Sites
for the cultural resources element of the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan (Pima County
2002). The properties in Santa Cruz County were identified in a 2004 inventory conducted for
this Feasibility Study by the University of Arizona Preservation Studies Program. This
combined list does not include every property currently listed on the National and State
Registers. It is a small sample of the historic properties with national, state, and local significance
in this region, and it can be expanded in the future.
10 COTTAGES ON SHORT STREET, NRHP
Short Street
Nogales
(Early 1900s) These 10 concrete cottages were built as modest worker’s housing early in the
twentieth century. They are significant to the Nogales area because they are the only examples
of cast-in-place concrete construction in the residential sector. They are uniquely situated on
a hillside, with a central stairway access servicing the units. The cottages feature exposed
rafters and corrugated steel sheathed gabled roofs. (Andrew Gorski)
1ST UNITED METHODIST CHURCH
915 East Fourth Street
Tucson
(1929, T. M. Sundt; sanctuary edition, 1977, by Nicholas Sakellar, FAIA) The use of colorfully
glazed tiles, wrought iron, and the exposed wooden rafter ends are characteristic of the Spanish
Colonial Revival, as is the traditional courtyard and bell tower. The height and complex design
of the belltower have made the church a landmark. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Notes:
(1) Edited contributions by individuals are attributed by their full name; written source materials from
publications are attributed by author(s) last name and publication date.
(2) NRHP indicates the property is listed on the National and State Registers of Historic Places. If the property
contributes to a National Register District, the name of the district is enclosed in parentheses.
(3) NHL indicates the property is listed as a National Historical Landmark.
(4) NHP indicates the property is part of a National Historic Park.
(5) Property descriptions and addresses: Dates in parentheses refer to the actual or approximate construction of
the property structure(s), to the earliest known date of the establishment of a community/district, or to the
earliest known date of the founding/homesteading of a ranch property.
206 Appendix A
3RD STREET STREETSCAPE, NRHP
Sam Hughes
Tucson
(Campbell Avenue to Country Club Road) By far the most appealing street in the neighborhood,
it is best experienced by bicycle as one travels from Campbell to Country Club, and it has
features to calm automobile traffic. Moving from west to east will evoke a sense of decade-by-
decade time travel; from a street lined with palms and citrus trees forming a rhythmic edge
and foreground for a dense fabric of revival houses, to more widely spaced trees standing
guard in front of bungalow or deco houses. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
4TH AVENUE TROLLEY LINE
4th Avenue
Tucson
The Old Pueblo Trolley operates on what is left of Tucson’s trolley system on 4th Avenue; it
operates on weekends. Tucson had an electric streetcar system that was established before
1900, as a horse-drawn street railway, and it was electrified in 1906. The electric streetcars,
commonly known as trolleys, operated until 31 December 1930, when they were replaced by
motor buses. (Marty McCune)
4TH AVENUE UNDERPASS, NRHP
4th Avenue
Tucson
Completed in 1916, this was Arizona’s first underpass. Excavation was done by hand while
trains rumbled overhead. This is a good early example of concrete construction. (Tucson Pima
County Historical Commission)
4TH AVENUE STREETSCAPE
Fourth Avenue between 9th Street and 2nd Street
Tucson
One of the most lively pedestrian environments in Tucson, the 4th Avenue streetscape is a
combination of a comfortable scale and a variety of shops and restaurants with more recent
amenities such as the restoration of the electric trolley with stops, crosswalks, benches, shade
trees, and artwork. The architectural styles range from variations on a Mission theme (including
the Salvation Army’s sidewalk arcade), to the patios at Caruso’s and the curvilinear Art Deco
facade at 721 North 4th Avenue. (Brooks Jeffery)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 207
ADKINS PROPERTY, NRHP
Fort Lowell
Fort Lowell Road and Craycroft Road
Tucson
The Adkins property at the corner of Fort Lowell Road and Craycroft Road contains remnants
of Fort Lowell, built in 1873, as an Army outpost to protect Tucson from attack by the Apache
Indians. The property of 5.1 acres contains one intact officers quarters and extensive ruins of
two other officers quarters and their kitchen buildings. Also on the property is the location of
four headquarters structures, now archaeological features. (David Faust)
AGRICULTURE (FORBES) BUILDING, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1915, Bristow & Lyman) The most popular style of the period for campus architecture, the
Classical Revival utilized eight Ionic columns for the portico, a low-hipped tile roof, and
Classical ornament at doors and windows. The U-shaped plan, open to the east, provides one
of the best courtyards on campus. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
AGUA CALIENTE RANCH
East Roger Road, East of Soldier’s Trail
Tucson
A respite for city dwellers from 1878 to the 1950s, the ranch is currently being restored through
grant funding and public support. The ranch is surrounded by a lush oasis of spring-fed
ponds, cottonwoods, fan palms, and lawns, which could only be supported with an unusual
abundance of water. The existing buildings to be renovated include the ranch headquarters, a
bunkhouse, and a cottage. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
AGUA LINDA RANCH (FARM)
2643 East Frontage Road
Amado
(Late eighteenth century) This 63-acre farm is located on part of the historic “Baca Float,” one
of Arizona’s original land grants. Torevio (Toribio) De Otero, recipient of the first Spanish
land grant in the Arizona territory (Pimería Alta), founded the ranch in the late 1700s. Otero
equipped his ranch with brush dams and irrigation ditches carrying water from the Santa
Cruz. The Agua Linda Ranch property was part of the huge Otero cattle empire until 1941. In
1949, the Baboquivari Cattle Company purchased the property, and it was managed by Carlos
Ronstadt. Renowned architect Josias Joesler designed the original ranch house, which dates
to around 1950. Today, the Agua Linda Farm grows and sells produce, and rents its facilities
for special events. (Linnéa Caproni)
208 Appendix A
ALTO GHOST MINING TOWN
Sonoita
(Post-1854) This abandoned mining community developed around the Alto mine, which
dates back to seventeenth century Spanish Jesuit occupation. After the Gadsden Purchase,
the Alto mine was re-worked by Americans, and its gold provided the mainstay for the Alto
community. Between 1907 and 1933, Alto had a post office housed in the former adobe house
of mining engineer and poet, Josiah Bond. Alto also laid claim to one of the approximately
two dozen “Little Red School Houses” constructed in the Santa Cruz Valley during the 1920s.
Present-day remains include part of the post office, building foundations, and a cemetery.
(Linnéa Caproni)
ARIZONA DAILY STAR BUILDING
30-32 North Church Avenue
Tucson
The Arizona Daily Star was the first daily paper to serve Tucson (started in 1877). The paper
was started by L. C. Hughes and Charles H. Tully. This building was the paper’s headquarters
from 1884-1917, although it has changed considerably over the years. (Tucson Pima County
Historical Commission)
ARIZONA INN, NRHP
2200 East Elm Street
Tucson
(1930, Merritt Starkweather, FAIA, architect, and Isabella Greenway, owner) This complex of
buildings, cottages, and open spaces has become a model for garden resort hotels. Similar to
traditional Mediterranean complexes, the layout of one- and two-story building forms of
pitched and flat roofs creates a protective perimeter from the current suburban neighborhood
and focuses attention on the interior courtyards, gardens, and hotel guests—similar to a
secluded village. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
ARIZONA-SONORA MANUFACTURING COMPANY MACHINE SHOP (HOUSE),
NRHP
Grand Avenue
Nogales
(1901, Roy & Titcomb, Inc.) Constructed in 1901, the Arizona-Sonora Manufacturing Company
Machine Shop is the oldest industrial building in Nogales. It is the only structure remaining
that was associated with the firm of Roy & Titcomb, Inc., majority owners of the Arizona and
Sonora Manufacturing Company and largest employers in Nogales between 1900-1920.
Consisting of a fired brick exterior over a brick, steel truss and iron post structural system, the
Mission Revival design includes a gabled roof with parapets and a rounded pediment at the
gable walls. (Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 209
ATASCOSA LOOKOUT HOUSE, NRHP
Coronado National Forest
(1930s) Located in the Coronado National Forest, Nogales Ranger District, Atascosa Lookout
House was erected by the Forest Service in 1930 or 1933. A wooden house placed on the
ground and measuring 14 ft
2
, Atascosa Lookout House was constructed as an observation
viewpoint for the detection of forest fires. Associated with its development were an outhouse
and stone cistern. Accessible by hiking trail only, Atascosa Lookout House is now used as a
rest area by hikers. (Andrew Gorski)
BARRIO DE TUBAC ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISTRICT, NRHP
Tubac
The 10-acre Barrio de Tubac Archaeological District includes 33 Spanish Colonial residence
foundations, a plaza area, a refuse area, a partial irrigation ditch, a historical pedestrian and
equestrian trail, and four foundation structures from the Tubac townsite period of 1876-1920.
The district is significant for its cultural affiliation with the O’odham, Hispanic, and Anglo
groups, as well as for its representation of Tubac’s development from a Spanish colony to an
American Southwest settlement. It has the potential to yield additional information and
therefore was listed on the NRHP at the state level, under Criterion D. (Linnéa Caproni)
BAYLESS HOUSE, NRHP
West University
145 East University Boulevard
Tucson
(1905, Trost & Rust) An unusual design, in that the entry to this symmetrical house is
perpendicular to the dominant gabled roof, causing the two curvilinear Mission style pediments
to form a bracket, or bookends, on the sides of the house. A full basement constructed of
malpais and brick contains five rooms that were used as summer living quarters for the family
before air conditioning. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
BEAR DOWN GYM, NRHP
University of Arizona
East 4th Street
Tucson
(1926, Lyman & Place/Roy Place, architect; Clinton Campbell, builder) Built to accommodate
a larger student population, this classically symmetrical brick exterior, with its large barrel
vault, suggests a brick structure. However, there is actually an internal steel structural system,
including the joists supporting the gym floor, and internally exposed steel bow trusses for the
roof. The semicircular arched entry is framed with a glazed terra cotta tile in a very delicate
bas relief pattern. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
210 Appendix A
BENEDICTINE SANCTUARY
800 North Country Club
Tucson
(1939-1940, Place & Place/Roy Place) This Spanish Colonial Revival structure includes the
private functions typical of a monastery—church, cloister, dormitories, and refectory. One of
the last buildings designed by Roy Place before his firm began designing in the Modern style,
the revivalist vocabulary of arches, clay tile roofs, and tower are consistent with many of
Place’s previous buildings, and it conveys a timeless quality. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
BINGHAMPTON RURAL LANDSCAPE
Rillito River
Campbell Road to Dodge Boulevard
Tucson
For many years, the river bend area of approximately 400 acres has been part of the scenic
qualities associated with River Road, and the area is a community with a long agricultural
tradition. Apparently settled and used in prehistoric times by the Hohokam, this area was
established as a pioneer Mormon settlement about 1900. Family patriarch Nephi Bingham is
generally credited with its founding and the source of its name. Binghampton is also the
name for the urban area south of the Rillito River at Dodge Boulevard and Fort Lowell Road,
and together, both the rural farm community and the more urban subdivision south of the
river formed the greater Binghampton area. The area is designated as a National Rural Historic
Landscape. (Linda Mayro)
BLENMAN HOUSE (ROYAL ELIZABETH BED & BREAKFAST), NRHP
Armory Park
204 South Scott Avenue
Tucson
(1878) Recently renovated as the Royal Elizabeth Bed & Breakfast, this Late Transitional style
adobe house sits on a stone foundation and features an added porch and pitched roof. The
central hall, or zaguan, has leaded glass skylights, probably dating from the 1890s. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
BOUDREAUX-ROBINSON HOUSE (COPPER BELL BED & BREAKFAST), NRHP
101 North Bella Vista Drive
Tucson
(circa 1910, addition 1927; Leon Boudreaux, owner/builder; Mr. Kurtz, stonemason; addition
by Manuel Miranda, stonemason) Whereas the original deep purple malpais of the first floor
came from the A-Mountain quarry, some of the newer stone that was used for a horizontal
band that marks the transition to the second floor is reddish in color. The masonry features
irregular stones and joint lines, and the hipped roof is covered with Spanish tile. A bold
arched entryway wraps around to the south, which was originally a portre cohere (now a
patio). (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 211
BOWMAN HOTEL, NRHP
245 Grand Avenue
Nogales
The Bowman Hotel is the oldest remaining hotel building in Nogales. It is associated with
Wirt G. Bowman, a prominent early Nogales businessman and a state and national politician.
It is an exemplar of early twentieth century commercial architecture and features a locally
unique decorative art stone cornice. The exterior is in poor condition. (Andrew Gorski)
BOWMAN, W. G. HOUSE, NRHP
613 Sierra
Nogales
Located in the residential development of Calvary Hill, a subdivision of Ellis Ranch, the W.
G. Bowman House was built for one of Nogales’ most influential and prolific real estate holders
and businessmen during the height of his local career. Wirt G. Bowman was also a prominent
state and national political figure. Prominently sited, the Bowman House is constructed of
concrete and is the best local example of Neo-Classical Revival residential architecture. Its
hipped roof, with intersecting pedimented gables, is covered with Spanish tile and includes a
denticulated cornice and medallions in the frieze above the porches. (Andrew Gorski)
BRADY COURT BUNGALOWS (ARIZONA THEATER COMPANY), NRHP
Armory Park
40 East 14th Street
Tucson
(1915; renovation 1976, by Collaborative Design Group/Frank Mascia) Typical of California
bungalow court apartments, three symmetrical duplex units form a tight courtyard open on
the street side. The buildings sit on a raised foundation of dark volcanic stone, with concrete
slab porches composed of tapered piers and wood rafters of composite construction and shaped
ends. A very rough concrete stucco has been added to the exterior, and the wood is badly
deteriorated. The original craftsman woodwork in the wainscoting, picture molding, and doors
is all intact. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
BRAY HOUSE, NRHP
Menlo Park
203 North Grande Avenue
Tucson
(William Bray, architect, 1917) When built, this Prairie style house, reminiscent of Wright’s
Unity Temple, was the most elaborate residence on the most prominent street in the
neighborhood. The double-width walls of imported buff-colored bricks form cubic volumes,
and around these volumes runs a strong horizontal-projecting band of wood at the roofline
below the top of the parapet. The ornamental stonework in the exterior brackets, interior
fireplace caryatids, and urns were designed by Bray. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
212 Appendix A
BROADWAY VILLAGE
Broadway Boulevard and Country Club Road
Tucson
(1939, Josias Joesler) This eclectic Spanish Colonial Revival shopping center was intentionally
designed as a set of distinct building elements around a plaza space meant to evoke a miniature
village. The relegation of parking to the back of the property in an age of retail strips and
street parking enhances the pedestrian experience as the building forms, plaza space, and
hand painted decorative tile are easily accessible. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
BROWN HOUSE/OLD ADOBE PATIO, NRHP
40 West Broadway Boulevard
Tucson
(circa 1840) This existing adobe structure was actually two houses. The Jackson Street house
is older, and was remodeled by Charles O. Brown in 1868, with a new coat of stucco sporting
quoins at the corners. The house that faces Broadway is connected by a series of adobe rooms
to the west and is newer and more American in its expression, with its sloping porch roof
supported by wooden columns and brackets. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
BURTON BUILDING (ED BURTON & SON BUILDING), NRHP
253 Grand Avenue
Nogales
The Burton Building is one of three remaining hotel buildings built in Nogales by prominent
contractor, Edward Burton. The hotel played an important part in the commercial development
of Grand Avenue. It is the only example in Nogales of a commercial building constructed of
concrete bricks. As an important resource along Grand Avenue, it should be a priority to
receive historic restoration. (Andrew Gorski)
CADY HALL, NRHP
346 Duquesne Avenue
Patagonia
(1900, Henry O. Jaastad) This building played a role in the development of the town of
Patagonia, which flourished with the railroad, mining, and cattle ranching. John Cady, who
wrote his memoirs, Arizona’s Yesterday, owned it. In its restaurant, saloon, and meeting hall,
the hotel accommodated many social and civic events. It represents the evolution of hotels
and public buildings in Patagonia. Architect Henry O. Jaastad designed the hotel, and it
represents the Colonial Revival architecture constructed with adobe, which continued to be
used in the city. The hotel maintains its integrity despite the few alterations that have been
done. (Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 213
CAMPBELL AVENUE FARM
4101 North Campbell Road
Tucson
(University of Arizona Campus Agricultural Center) The 1910 residence/workman’s cottage
is the earliest known extant poured concrete residence in Tucson. The unattributed 1914
machinery shed set the precedent for use of the Mission Revival style in subsequent buildings,
characterized by the sculpted and semicircular gable parapet, white stucco walls, and
corrugated tin roofs. The 1917 octagonal water tower remains one of the few remaining
disguised water towers in Tucson. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
CAMP LITTLE COTTAGES AND HISTORICAL MARKER
Along Western Avenue-Boundary
Nogales
(1915) These cottages represent Nogales’ military post, Camp Little, and are architectural
examples of the camp’s military housing. Camp Little was located along what is now Western
Avenue from Grand Avenue to Interstate 19. In 1910, following the outbreak of the Mexican
Revolution, large numbers of troops were called in to Nogales. Their numbers increased and
eventually contributed to the establishment of Camp Little, whose name was derived from
that of a private in the 12th U.S. Infantry Division, Camp Stephen D. Little. Little was killed
while on guard duty at the top of the hill on Crawford Street in November of 1915. At one
time, Camp Little had 12,000 troops stationed, but over the years, that number decreased and
led to the closure of the camp on 13 May 1933. A historical marker nearby on the lawn of the
Nogales City Hall is currently the only interpretative site associated with Camp Little. (Linnéa
Caproni; Andrew Gorski)
CANELO RANGER STATION, NRHP
Forest Road 52B N of Canelo, Coronado National Forest
Canelo
(1932-35) Canelo Ranger Station is a U.S. Forest Service administrative site, with five buildings
built between 1932 and 1935. The ranger station office is a one-story, bungalow-style rectangular
building that follows a standard Forest Service plan. Other structures completed during this
Depression-era project include a garage, small barn, residence, and pump house. All five
buildings are constructed of stucco-covered adobe brick. Rubble stone retaining walls and
stone paths, all constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps, help to place the buildings
into this gently sloping and highly vegetated site. (Andrew Gorski)
214 Appendix A
CANELO SCHOOL, NRHP
State Route 93, 18 miles southeast of Sonoita
Canelo
(1913) Serving a small rural ranching community between the years of 1913 and 1948, the
Canille or Canelo School is one of the best-preserved, one-room schoolhouses in Arizona.
Measuring 42 ft by 22 ft, this plastered adobe structure has a low pitched, front gabled roof
with a bell tower at its front. Although its primary purpose was for use as a schoolhouse, the
Canelo School also served as a site for political meetings, dances, plays, picnics, and funerals.
(Andrew Gorski)
CANOA RANCH
Green Valley
The ranch was first established in 1821, as the San Ignacio de la Canoa Land Grant deeded to
Ingancio and Tomas Ortiz, who were forced from the land by the Apaches who burned their
homes. The Canoa Ranch was purchased in 1876, by Maish and Driscoll, who raised cattle,
owned a stage line, and developed the Canoa Land Company. It was sold in 1912, to Levi H.
Manning, who expanded the complex. At its peak, the ranch controlled more than 100,000
acres and provided housing and a school for 35-40 ranch hands and their families. It became
a focal location in the Santa Cruz Valley. The Canoa Ranch was divided and sold following
the death of Howell Manning, Sr., in 1951. The ranch complex has recently been purchased by
Pima County. (Linda Mayro)
CARNEGIE FREE LIBRARY (TUCSON CHILDREN’S MUSEUM), NRHP
Armory Park
200 South Sixth Avenue
Tucson
(1900-1901, Trost & Trost/Henry Trost, designer; Dome destroyed, 1941; wing addition, 1938;
garden wall addition, 1961, by Arthur Brown, FAIA) After having survived numerous trials,
including fire, this Neoclassical Revival building displays its remaining materials and fine
craftsmanship. In front of the library is the massive Freeman Memorial Bench, designed in
1920, by Bernard Maybeck, and sculpted by Bejamino Bufano. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
CARRILLO SCHOOL, NRHP
Barrio Libre
440 South Main Avenue
Tucson
(1930, Merritt Starkweather, FAIA, architect; R. H. Martin, contractor; renovation, 1994, by
M3 Engineering) Twelve original classrooms were built in the Mission Revival style on the
exterior, with craftsman woodwork inside, including the wide doors of dark stained wood.
There were several later additions and renovations, including filling in the pool that the school
board had inherited when they purchased the Elysian Groves property from Emmanuel
Drachman. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 215
CATALINA FOOTHILLS ESTATES
Tucson
The Catalina Foothills Estates is the name given to an ambitious subdivision development
designed by Josias Joesler, John Murphy, and Helen Murphy beginning in the late 1920s.
Located in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains, this development began with the
purchase of 7,000 acres of land. Joesler and the Murphys intended to create a Mexican-style
community with all the amenities needed to attract affluent buyers. By the 1940s, many of
Tucson’s elite bought into the development, which, true to its original design, combined rural
character with municipal conveniences. Catalina Foothills Estates was one of the earliest master-
planned communities in southern Arizona. Today, dozens of homes dating to the original
development still exist within the area, beside homes built in more recent years. (Brooks Jeffery)
CHEMISTRY BUILDING, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1936, Roy Place; M. M. Sundt, contractor; additions 1948, 1962) Built one year after the
Humanities Building, the multiple Romanesque Revival characteristics here are similar—
columns with Corinthian capitals, round arches with contrasting white and red brick vouissors,
and the arched brick corbeling along the gable ends. Here, however, an extremely vertical
expression is created by a series of deeply recessed arches on the facade, and the terra cotta
tile panels feature a diamond pattern. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
CHICAGO STORE
130 East Congress Street
Tucson
(1903, David H. Holmes) Built for the Los Angeles Furniture Company, this is a good example
of twentieth century main street commercial architecture, with brick-bearing walls and a cornice
carried on brackets, supported by paired pilasters and capitals. A new roof structure was
added in 1999, above the pressed tin ceilings and original oak staircase. (Nequette and Jeffery
2002)
CIENEGA BRIDGE, NRHP
Southeast of Vail
The Cienega Bridge was built in 1921, as part of the Borderland Highway project across
southern Arizona. The bridge is a concrete and reinforced steel structure designed as a medium-
span concrete arch, with a two-span concrete girder viaduct over a branch of the Southern
Pacific Railroad. It was one of three virtually identical open-spandrel concrete arches built in
Pima, Pinal, and Yavapai counties, although the Cienega Bridge was the longest, with a span
of 146 ft. The bridge was nominated for inclusion in the National Register for its significance
to local transportation history and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in
1988. (Pima County 2000)
216 Appendix A
CIRCLE Z RANCH
Arivaca Junction
State Route 82 Southwest of Patagonia
(1874; 1925, John P. Burton) The Circle Z Ranch is located by Sonoita Creek, just south of
Patagonia. The property lies on part of the Mexican San José Grant, the smallest land grant in
Arizona. The first American to homestead the Circle Z property was Denton Gregory Sanford
of New York, who arrived in 1874, to raise cattle. In the 1880s, he switched to a very profitable
sheepherding operation. Adobe ruins of his original hacienda still remain. In 1925, the
Zinsmeister family purchased the 5,000-acre Sanford Ranch and developed one of the finest
guest ranches in the state. John P. Burton, the builder of the Nogales City Hall, constructed
the guest ranch buildings. When the main ranch house burned to the ground in 1952, the
original Zinsmeister house became the ranch lodge. Over the years, the ranch property has
been the location for movie filming, a television western series, commercials, and Arizona
Highways photo shoots and articles. Today, the owners of the Circle Z run the oldest
continuously operating dude ranch in Arizona. (Linnéa Caproni)
COCHISE HALL, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1920-1921, Lyman & Place) The large scale and elaborate ornament of this two-story Classical
Revival raised porch will typically make one pause to look at the eight finely crafted Corinthian
columns. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
COLOSSAL CAVE, NRHP
Old Spanish Trail/Colossal Cave Road
Discovered in 1879 by a local ranch hand looking for stray cows, Colossal Cave consists of 39
miles of subterranean caverns and connecting tunnels, two miles of which are currently open
to the public. Attempts to develop the cave for public access began in earnest in 1917, and by
1922, a formalized trail system was in place. Between 1934 and 1937, the Civilian Conservation
Corps (CCC) occupied a portion of the nearby Posta Quemada cattle ranch, and implemented
an ambitious plan to upgrade and expand the visitor’s facilities. The results transformed
Colossal Cave into a modern tourist destination. Of note is the visitor’s center, a two-story
building of southwestern vernacular design constructed from shaped stone quarried from
the local hillside. Other facilities built by the CCC include picnic and barbecue areas, rock
walls, paths and footbridges, as well as the trail and lighting system in the cave itself. These
historic features and those of the Posta Quemada Ranch complex were nominated as a historic
district for their tourism, educational, and ranching themes and were placed on the National
Register of Historic Places in 1992. (Pima County 2000)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 217
COMMISSARY & QUARTERMASTER OFFICES (FORT LOWELL), NRHP
5479 East Fort Lowell Road
Tucson
The Commissary and Quartermaster’s Office were once a part of Fort Lowell, a military base
established along the banks of the Rillito River several miles north of Tucson in 1872. This
building was a large U-shaped structure with 12-foot-high, unplastered walls vented at the
eaves. The commissary was the supply center for all military goods needed to feed, equip,
and field troops during the Indian Wars in southern Arizona during the 1870s and 1880s.
After the fort was abandoned in 1892, the building was used by Mexican families as a residence.
The property is still used for residential purposes today. (Turner, et al. 1982)
COMMUNICATIONS BUILDING, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1909, Holmes & Holmes/David Holmes, designer) Built as the first Science Hall, this structure
has several similarities with the Douglass Building, because Holmes was involved in the design
of the Douglass Building as well. Both buildings are three stories—the lower two of which are
exposed Flemish bond brick; the upper floor is in cream-colored stucco with a brick diamond
pattern. Both buildings are symmetrical horizontal blocks, using the regular rhythm of vertical
windows with a suggested base and capital in a contrasting material or color, and both
buildings have tiled hipped roofs. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
CONVENT STREETSCAPE & MEYER, NRHP
Barrio Libre
300-400 block of South Convent Avenue
Tucson
Built throughout the 1880s, this area represents one of Tucson’s last remaining intact Sonoran
streetscapes, thus becoming a snapshot of the urban environment before American influence
dominated Tucson’s architectural vocabulary. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
CORBETT HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
179 North Main Avenue
Tucson
(1907-1908, Holmes & Holmes) Not only an excellent example of Mission Revival style, this
house is in good condition and open to the public as part of the Tucson Museum of Art. The
colors used both inside and outside are typical of the time period, and the wood trim in the
interior is typically plain in shape and used as a contrasting and repetitive element against
the light-colored walls—indicative of craftsman interiors which were often found in Mission
Revival houses. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
218 Appendix A
CORDOVA HOUSE, NRHP
171-177 North Meyer Avenue
Tucson
(1848; restoration, 1973-1975, by E. D. Herreras, FAIA) This small building is an excellent
example of an early Sonoran rowhouse, typical of the barrios that originally extended from
this site south to the Barrio Libre. Under the stewardship of the Tucson Museum of Art, La
Casa Cordova is home to several models and interpretive exhibits related to the development
of the Tucson Presidio and early settlement. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
CORONADO HOTEL
410 East 9th Street
Tucson
(1928, Roy Place; renovation and adaptive reuse, 1991, by Collaborative Design Group) This
hotel on the edge of the historic 4th Avenue business district is typical for its time: a four-
story box of rooms with an elegant public lobby and inviting Mission Revival entry facade.
The 1991 conversion to single-room occupancy apartments provides a good model for both
adaptive re-use and preservation of this common historic Tucson building topology. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
COW PALACE (KINSLEY RANCH SITE)
Pima County
Amado
(1930) The site of Kinsley Ranch lies south of Sahuarita and 30 miles south of Tucson. Otho
Kinsley, Sr., founded the ranch around 1930. In 1915, as a teenager, Kinsley moved with his
family from California to the San Rafael Valley. Kinsley earned money for the ranch down
payment by working on a highway gang during the depression. Eventually, Kinsley’s 640-
acre spread combined a bar, restaurant, swimming pool, service station, official adobe jail,
dance hall, rodeo arena, airport, lake, and a farm. Kinsley’s diverse interests ranged from
selling livestock to rodeos in Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona, to well-drilling, pig-
raising, airplane flying, mining, flower wholesales, water-witching, and much more. Otho
Kinsley died in 1961. Today, the bar-restaurant-swimming pool-motel area is the Cow Palace
restaurant. Across the street is the Longhorn Grill (built in the 1970s), another restaurant
known for its longhorn façade and its inclusion in movie sets. (Linnéa Caproni)
CRANZ, FRANK F. HOUSE, NRHP
321 Arroyo
Nogales
(Early 1900s) The largest Queen Anne style-influenced residence in Nogales, the Frank F.
Cranz House was built for the prominent mining man and Mayor of Nogales (1904-1906).
Constructed of local tufa stone of a random, coursed ashlar finish, the exterior includes a
hipped roof with a unique conical turret. A high level of craftsmanship is seen in the wood
details and leaded glass window sashes. (Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 219
CRAWFORD HILL HISTORIC RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT, NRHP
Roughly bounded by Oak Street, Terrace Avenue, Compound Street, and
Interstate 19/Grindell
Nogales
Crawford Hill Historic Residential District was built on the gentle slopes west of the arroyo
dividing Nogales. It became the most substantial residential district in the city and has
representative buildings from all periods of Nogales’ history. The district includes 216
buildings, of which 164 are considered contributing and 52 are considered non-contributing.
(Andrew Gorski)
CRITTENDEN GHOST TOWN
3 miles north of Patagonia
(1860s) Just three miles northeast of Patagonia, the historic 1860s townsite of Crittenden
experienced its highest development in the 1880s, due to its location next to the railroad and
to the steady stream of miners hauling in ore for shipment. Incoming mule teamsters lodged
in Crittenden’s hotel, constructed in 1885, and run by John Smith. This community declined
when Rollin Richardson founded the town of Patagonia and influenced the relocation of ore-
loading operations from Crittenden to his new town. Crittenden residents followed soon after.
Today, the ground floor of the original hotel is the lone remnant of Crittenden’s heyday.
(Linnéa Caproni)
CROWN C RANCH GUEST RETREAT
Sonoita
(1930s) The Crown C Ranch Guest Retreat has been operating since the mid-1930s. It is located
on the much larger Crown C Ranch spread, now parceled, which, prior to the 1930s, was part
of the extensive Empire Ranch. The original 1930s ranch house, constructed of handcrafted
adobe, and the historic ruins of the 1867 U.S. military fort, Camp Crittenden, lie on the guest
retreat property. (Linnéa Caproni)
CUSHING STREET BAR
Barrio Libre
343 South Meyer
Tucson
(circa 1869; addition, 1973, by Harris Sobin/Blanton & Company) Originally built as the
Ferrin House, this property was converted to a store in 1880. South on Meyer Street is a 1973
addition including a small patio and restaurant, which is modern in form, material, and
restrained detail, and yet compatible with the existing historic structures. (Nequette and Jeffery
2002)
220 Appendix A
DAVIS SCHOOL
500 West Saint Mary’s Road
Tucson
Designed by the architectural firm of Forbes and Nevin, the Davis School was built in 1901,
and named for William C. Davis, one of the school board members at the time. The school
was constructed as a two-story brick building with a hipped wood-shingle roof. This original
core is extant, but the building has been stuccoed and expanded by a series of one-story
additions over the years. Historically, Davis School and Holy Family Church (at Main Avenue
and University Boulevard) have functioned as the two institutional anchors of the community
known as Barrio Anita. Many families in the barrio have lived there for the past century, and
all of the family members were students at Davis. The school is still a vital, integral part of
this community. (Morgan Rieder)
DESERT LABORATORY, NRHP, NHL
Tumamoc Hill
West Anklam Road
Tucson
The Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution was opened in 1903, as a center for the
study of North American desert ecology. It became world famous for its research. Situated
halfway up on the eastern side of Tumamoc Hill, the laboratory originally consisted of three,
single-story buildings, each of which was constructed from the basalt boulders that
characterizes the hillside. Building 801, the main laboratory, was designed with a high-hipped
roof built in a U-shaped plan with an attached greenhouse. Building 802 is a smaller structure
of similar design, built in 1906, as an extension of the main building. Building 803 is a flat-
roofed structure with projecting vigas built in 1906, as a residence for visiting scientists. The
Desert Laboratory is a National Historic Landmark that was listed on the National Register of
Historic Places in 1966. (Huston 1985)
DODSON-ESQUIVAL HOUSE, NRHP
1004 West Alameda
Tucson
(circa 1921, James Dodson, builder) This Spanish Colonial Revival house features the typical
asymmetrical façade, with smooth stuccoed walls and Moorish ornament, including
intertwined geometric forms and twisted concrete columns on the eastern concrete portal,
framing the main window into the living room. The seven very large elliptical urns that look
like spinning tops are used to accentuate the corners and high point of the portal. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 221
DOUGLASS BUILDING, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1904, Russell, Mauran & Garden) The unique design of the central façade continues to delight
viewers. The tiny entry between two closely spaced Doric columns appears to be sinking
beneath the weight of the composition of the doors, window, and balcony above. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
DUNBAR, GEORGE W. HOUSE, NRHP
605 Sierra
Nogales
This was the residence of the first developer in Nogales, George Dunbar, who arrived in 1914,
from California, and who is responsible for much of the twentieth century residential character
of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora. His Nogales projects included the Ellis Tract, the
Smelter Tract, the Silver Bell Addition, Dunbar Bungalow Court, and the Mountain View
Addition. His residence is noted for its use of concrete bricks, a constructional system not
widely utilized in other towns during this time. (Andrew Gorski)
DUNBAR SPRING SCHOOL, NRHP
9th Street off Main Avenue
Tucson
This important neighborhood landmark began as a two-room schoolhouse in 1918, designed
by prominent architect and seven-term mayor Henry O. Jaastad. It served as the segregated
school for blacks from 1918, until 1951, when Tucson was desegregated. Additions, also
designed by Jaastad, were built in 1921, 1930, 1935, and 1941. A final addition was built in
1948, and the school was changed from an elementary school to a middle school and renamed
for local educator John Spring. In 1966, a library addition (designed by Cook and Swaim) was
built. The school is currently undergoing renovation as an African-American cultural center.
(Marty McCune)
EL CHARRO, NRHP
El Presidio
311 North Court Avenue
Tucson
(1900, Jules le Flein, who was the stonemason that carved the stone rose portal for the San
Augustine Cathedral) The house has a central plan with a stairway down to a basement lined
with stone. It was originally set back slightly from the street, but adjacent to the houses on
either side. The A-Mountain stone piers of the front porch were added later. (Nequette and
Jeffery 2002)
222 Appendix A
EL CON WATER TOWER, NRHP
Broadway Boulevard and Randolph Way
Tucson
(circa 1929, Roy Place, architect; John W. Murphey, builder; restored, 1994, by M3 Engineering
& Technology) This tower was designed to cover a large water tank supplying the new
subdivision of Colonia Solana and the El Conquistador Hotel. Although the tower was a
functional necessity, the Spanish Colonial Revival covering was intended to draw attention
to the subdivision, the architect, and the builder. The wrought iron weather vane depicting a
prospector and his donkey is almost 4 ft in height. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
EL PASO & SOUTHWESTERN RAILROAD STATION (GARCIA’S)
419 West Congress Street
Tucson
(1912-1913, Henry C. Trost; remodeled and partially demolished,1982) Little remains of this
once magnificent railroad station, built by the Phelps Dodge Company to serve their copper
interests in Bisbee and Douglas after disagreements with the Southern Pacific Railroad. Still
visible is the central rotunda covered by a stained glass dome and protected by a skylight.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
EL TIRADITO, NRHP
221 South Main Avenue
Tucson
(present location, circa 1894-1909) Spanish for “the little cast-away one,” El Tiradito refers to
the site of a murdered man, which became a traditional place for Mexican-Americans to say a
prayer for his soul and to make a wish. The new site was deeded to the city in 1927, the same
year the Tucson City Council chose an official version of the many legends associated with
the shrine. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
EMPIRE RANCH, NRHP
East of Greaterville
The Empire Ranch is located among rolling grasslands adjacent to the Empire Gulch, an
intermittent stream in the middle of the Cienega Valley. Started in 1876 as a 160-acre holding,
the ranch became one of the largest in the west, eventually covering an area 60 miles north/
south by 30 miles east/west, stretching from the Rincon Mountains to the Mexican Border.
Initially owned by a number of men, the ranch was bought in 1881, by Walter Vail, after
whom the town of Vail is named in part. Vail expanded the ranch in the mid-1880s, taking
time to also serve in the territorial legislature and on the Pima County Board of Supervisors.
Vail was killed in a streetcar accident in Los Angeles in 1906. The adobe ranch house was
listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. (Pima County 2000)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 223
ENGINEERING BUILDING, NRHP
University of Arizona Mines and Engineering
Tucson
(1917-1918, J. B. Lyman) The three-story structure is reinforced concrete with steel supports
inside the eight Doric terra cotta columns. The floor plan is a square doughnut, with the
cornice line wrapping around the entire building and the roof dramatically de-emphasized.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
ERICKSON HOUSE (TUCSON MEDICAL CENTER)
5301 East Grant Road
Tucson
(1926-1927, Henry Jaastad) Now part of the Tucson Medical Center is one of the few remaining
structures from the original Desert Sanitarium of southern Arizona. This complex served the
many health seekers who flocked to Tucson and aided in the development of a local sanatorium
industry. It was built in the Pueblo Revival style, combining adobe walls with steel beams
concealed behind cement plaster. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
ESMOND STATION
Old Vail Road and Esmond Road
Esmond Station includes the remains of a major railroad watering stop; the buildings were
constructed around 1910. Standing buildings include a long adobe building which was thought
to be used as railroad worker housing, and a single family dwelling—probably for the station
master. Various pumps and water tanks were also present on the site at one point. The use of
adobe for the worker housing is unusual. Both buildings and many of the associated features
have been significantly vandalized; the property is on state land (Marty McCune).
FINLEY, JAMES HOUSE, NRHP
12 miles south of Patagonia
Harshaw, Coronado National Forest
(1877) The Finley House is located in the ghost town of Harshaw. It was built around 1877, as
the residence of the Hermosa Mine superintendent, but was later occupied by the mine’s
owner, James Finley. The site property lies within 100 yards of the Hermosa Mining Company
mill and may have also served as the company office. The house is constructed of brick, which
is unusual, because most buildings of this time period were of adobe construction. Other
features include stone lintels and California redwood porch beams. Modern additions to the
original 3-room house include a bedroom and a kitchen. The Finley House is significant not
only as one of the few remaining buildings from Harshaw’s mining boom period, but also as
a good example of early Territorial architecture. (Linnéa Caproni)
224 Appendix A
FISH-STEVENS HOUSE
El Presidio
119-133/151-163 North Main Avenue
Tucson
The Fish-Stevens House consists of two adobe Sonoran row-style houses—one at the corner
of Main Avenue and Alameda Street, owned by Edward Nye Fish (built in 1868), and one
further north on Main Avenue, owned by Hiram Stevens (built in 1865). Both buildings are
used today by the Tucson Museum of Art as galleries. Fish was a prominent businessman,
and his wife, Maria Wakefield, was prominent in public education. Hiram Stevens was also a
successful businessman and politician, and he was married to Petra Santa Cruz, great-
granddaughter of a Spanish pioneer. (Marty McCune)
FOX THEATER
27-33 West Congress Street
Tucson
(1929, M. Eugene Durfee; closed 1974, under renovation) This was one of a national chain of
movie theaters showing Fox Studio Productions and decorated with ornate Art Deco stylistic
motifs expressing the grandeur and opulence of pre-Depression movie houses. Renovation is
currently underway to revitalize the theater and to restore the Art Deco features, including
the street facade, neon marquee, interior ceiling mural, gold fluted columns, ornate light
fixtures, and even the original organ pipes. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
FRAY MARCOS DE NIZA MONUMENT
Lochiel
(1939, National Youth Administration) This monument marks the location of Fray Marcos
De Niza’s entry into the San Rafael Valley in 1539. The event was the first known entry by a
European into United States territory from Mexico. Credited with discovering the Seven Cities
of Cibola, Fray Marcos de Niza inspired Coronado’s expedition into this same region. The
monument, constructed by members of the National Youth Administration and dedicated in
1939 to commemorate the four hundreth anniversary of Marcos de Niza’s crossing, is located
on Forest Road 61, just north of Lochiel. The concrete monument, including the connecting
walls and benches, is in good condition and should be considered for inclusion in the National
Register of Historic Places for its association with a historic event. (Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 225
FRED LAWRENCE WHIPPLE OBSERVATORY
Mt. Hopkins, near Amado
(1968) Located at the base of Mt. Hopkins in the Santa Rita Mountains, 35 miles south of
Tucson, at an altitude of 8,500 ft and just within the boundary of the Coronado National
Forest, the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory Visitors Center features displays and exhibits
on astronomy and astrophysics, natural science, and cultural history. The Smithsonian
Institution Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and the University of Arizona operate it jointly.
Formerly known as the Mount Hopkins Observatory, it was renamed in 1982, for the American
astronomer Fred Lawrence Whipple, who was instrumental in establishing the observatory.
It is the largest field installation of the SAO outside Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Fred
Lawrence Whipple Observatory has been used as the site for experiments requiring extremely
dark skies, dry climate, and good optical viewing. (Linnéa Caproni)
GALLERY IN THE SUN
6300 North Swan Road
Tucson
(circa 1950, Ted deGrazia) Hand-built and decorated by local painter DeGrazia, the thick
adobe walls, buttressed corners, and rounded building forms evoke the architectural expression
of New Mexico, but with a greater folk tradition. The isolation this complex once enjoyed has
been compromised by the growth in this area of the foothills. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE
Congress Street and Bonita Avenue
Tucson
This intriguing outdoor garden was built by Felix Lucero to house the sculptures of the Last
Supper and other religious subjects. There is a strongly surreal juxtaposition of the multilevel
courtyard overlooking the Santa Cruz riverbed, as one is surrounded by images of the life
and times of Christ, a high voltage tower, and the daytime homes of the homeless. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
GAS STATION (ART DECO)
648 North Stone Avenue
Tucson
One of a small number of Art Deco buildings in Tucson, this gas station along one of Tucson’s
original major thoroughfares was designed in 1936, by Cecil Moore. The white stucco building
features a conical roof reminiscent of the swirl of an ice cream, on the cylindrical office space,
and a canopy with a curved fascia at the end. (Brooks Jeffery)
226 Appendix A
GILA HALL, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1937, Roy Place; P. S. Wombach, contractor) Built on the original site of the 1893 president’s
residence, the U-shaped plan of this three-story brick dormitory creates a private courtyard
on the northern side. As in all of Roy Place’s work, the brick coursing is inspired—patterned
and varied, never dull. Gila Hall was the last campus building constructed with Public Works
Administration funds. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
GOODRICH HOUSE
645 East University Boulevard
Tucson
(1908, Henry Trost) In its vertical proportions, light stucco, dark wood trim, and corner piers
and deep overhangs on a steeply pitched roof, this house has a strong resemblance to the 1904
Dana House by Frank Lloyd Wright, and seems somewhat out of place here. It does, however,
reflect the long-standing trend, especially at this time, for Tucsonans to import styles from
eastern and Midwestern sources. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
GRACE LUTHERAN CHURCH
830 North 1st Avenue
Tucson
(1949, Henry Jaastad) Because this church appears relatively modest on the exterior, it is an
unexpected surprise to experience the spacious quality of the interior. The wooden beams
supporting the high pointed vault echo the rhythm and soaring expression of a Gothic church.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
HACIENDA CORONA DE GUEVAVI (BED & BREAKFAST)
348 South River Road
Nogales
(1935) Hacienda Corona is the former Guevavi Ranch headquarters. Records show the property
was originally homesteaded by the Benedict family in the early 1900s. According to the current
owner, Wendy Stover, the hacienda was constructed around 1935, possibly over an older
foundation, and its name honors the Mexican muralist and bullfighter, Salvador Corona, who
painted its courtyard walls with scenes of Mexican peasants during the 1940s-1950s. Later,
after then-owner Ralph Wingfield lent some of his cattle for use in the filming of the 1948
John Wayne classic, Red River, the hacienda became a Hollywood getaway. The rancher and
Wayne were close friends, and the hacienda room in which Wayne frequently lodged is now
a B&B room named “The Duke.” The original card table the two used is also still present in
the hacienda. Most of the ranch buildings are adobe with stucco, except an addition on the
hacienda, which is block and stucco. The current owners beautifully restored the hacienda
after their 2002 purchase. (Linnéa Caproni)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 227
HARRISON, SENATOR JAMES A. HOUSE, NRHP
Morley Street
Nogales
The best-preserved two-story bungalow in Nogales, this house was built for prominent Nogales
politician and businessman, Senator James A. Harrison. A prominent example of a residential
construction executed in tufa stone, the house depicts the lineal development along Morley
Avenue, a mixed-use street frontage, northward, during the second decade of the 1900s. The
current use of the house is a commercial beauty saloon and school. Its additions are
incompatible with the original structure. (Andrew Gorski)
HARSHAW GHOST MINING TOWN
Coronado National Forest, approximately 10 miles south of Patagonia
(1877) The development of the Harshaw townsite relates to ex-infantryman David Tecumseh
Harshaw, a prospector who discovered the prosperous Hermosa silver mine in the Patagonia
Mountains. The town of Harshaw developed nearby, on the property of the old Mexican
settlement of Durazno. Between 1877-1882, Harshaw boasted a 1-mile-long main street, a 20-
stamp mill, 7+ saloons, a newspaper, post office, a hotel, a population of 2,000, and more than
$1 million generated from the Hermosa ore. Harshaw’s decline began with an 1882 storm that
left many buildings destroyed. Today, the ruins of a few buildings and a cemetery are all that
remain of this once-prosperous settlement. (Linnéa Caproni)
HEALY HOUSE, NRHP
Armory Park
324 South 6th Avenue
Tucson
(1900-1902, Henry Trost) The deep porch facing east and the pyramidal roof may be additions
to this large, single-story adobe house. The Greek Revival porch uses fluted columns to support
an entablature above which the hipped roof forms the shape of a Greek temple pediment.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
HEREFORD HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
330 North Main Avenue
Tucson
(1902, Henry Trost) From Main Avenue, this two-story, stuccoed brick house appears to be a
large cube with the projecting flat roofs that are often associated with the Prairie style and
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple. It is also reminiscent of the work of Irving Gill, the
pioneering California architect who explored a modern approach to the Spanish Colonial
Revival styles that resulted in a simplified version, including very smooth white walls, round
arcades, and vertical rectangular window openings. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
228 Appendix A
HERRING HALL, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1903, David Holmes) In the tradition of turn-of-the-century campus architecture, this hall is
a Classical building with a portico that consumes the entire western front. While monumental
in form, it is humble in both size and the fact that it and its Roman Doric columns sit on the
ground instead of being raised on a podium. The building is scheduled for renovation.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
HINCHCLIFFE COURT, NRHP
El Presidio
405 North Granada
Tucson
(1910-1911, attributed to Holmes & Holmes; extensive interior remodeling, 1994) Conceived
as Arizona’s first resort catering to a public enamored with automobile travel, this auto court
of 10 small wooden bungalows is arranged in a horseshoe plan, with the open end facing
Granada Avenue. The center area, which was originally used for parking, is beautifully
landscaped today, with a variety of desert and imported plants attractive for their color and
scent. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
HINCHCLIFFE HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
330 North Granada Avenue
Tucson
(1910, Holmes & Holmes, architect; Orin Anderson, contractor/builder) An excellent but
deteriorating example of the Western Stick style bungalow. The small apartment in the back
of the house is a miniature version of the main house. Unfortunately, the design detailing of
very small wooden members—meant for a Japanese climate—cannot be protected from
Tucson’s dry heat and monsoon rain. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
HISTORIC WAREHOUSE DISTRICT, NRHP WAREHOUSE
Tucson
The Tucson warehouse district is located along the Union Pacific Railroad north of downtown
Tucson, where between 1900 and 1948, it became the primary distribution center of goods for
Tucson and southern Arizona. The district contained core railroad buildings and structures,
warehouses for wholesales and freight companies, light industrial facilities for manufacturing
and food processing, and early automotive showrooms and garages—all focused on the
railroad. The buildings are visually coherent, because they share common forms and a common
scale. (Rieder 1999)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 229
HOLY FAMILY CHURCH
338 West University Boulevard
Tucson
The church was built by Bishop Granjon at his own expense; it was noted for service clubs
such as St. Vincent’s and Santa Teresitas. Constructed of adobe by Manual Flores (contractor)
in 1913, this prominent Mission Revival building has Gothic Revival influences. It remains an
important influence in the neighborhood today. (Marty McCune)
HOTEL BLANCA, NRHP
456 Morley Avenue
Nogales
The Blanca Hotel is a unique indigenous commercial building, with modest influence of second
renaissance Revival seen in the classical cornice and second level balconies. Built as storerooms
and a hotel by Leonardo Gomez, it is the largest example of this building type, as well as the
largest cast-in-place concrete building of its type. Consisting of a flat, corrugated sheet steel
roof with a decorative cornice, the Hotel Blanca has wrought iron balcony railings, an offset
entry, and large storefront windows. It currently functions as transitional housing and a social
services office. (Andrew Gorski)
HOTEL CONGRESS
311 East Congress Street
Tucson
(1919, Roy Place; renovation, 1985, by Eglin Cohen Architects) The location directly across
from the Southern Pacific Railroad depot made this an ideal hotel and residence for winter
visitors. Exposed brick-bearing wall construction on the exterior is complemented by a gracious
lobby, with high ceilings opening onto spaces containing a restaurant, bar, and shops available
to hotel guests and to the public. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
HOUSE AT 365 WALNUT STREET, NRHP
365 Walnut Street
Nogales
(1909) The adobe residence at 365 Walnut Street exhibits a rare, highly localized artistic façade
treatment that incorporates regional folk art as a building element. Constructed circa 1909,
the house was altered prior to 1930, when stucco coating was applied and Spanish tile was
inlaid along the roofline of the entry porch. The stucco was uniformly ornamented by an
exaggerated fan pattern. Both treatments were intended to highlight the house and make it
locally unique for the artistic effect of its detail. (Andrew Gorski)
230 Appendix A
HOUSE AT 459 WALNUT STREET, NRHP
459-465 Walnut Street
Nogales
Prominently viewed at the bend in Walnut Street, this property is noted for its rare use of
Second Renaissance Revival style in residential architecture. It is also the best local example
of cast-in-place concrete residential construction. Classical pilasters and cantons and a flat
roofed portico supported by two classic square columns are other notable features of this
residence. (Andrew Gorski)
HOUSE ON MORLEY STREET, NRHP
Morley Street
Nogales
This building features unique characteristics of the High Victorian Italianate (use of stilted
segmented arch with vertical continuation of architectrave moulding; pedimental forms at
dormers that are unrelated to anything in the façade below) and Neo-colonial Revival (strict
attention to symmetry and use of hipped roof) architectural styles. Field verification in April
2004, confirmed the building as unoccupied. (Andrew Gorski)
JULIAN-DREW BUILDING/LEWIS HOTEL, NRHP
178-188 East Broadway Boulevard
Tucson
(1917; facade renovation, 1982-83, by Eglin Cohen & Dennehy Architects) The ground floor
of this two-story brick structure has the large picture windows associated with commercial
use. The second floor, originally a hotel with screened porches for guests, is now used as
apartments. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
KENTUCKY CAMP, NRHP
Coronado National Forest
Sonoita
Located on the Coronado National Forest, the Kentucky Camp Historic District includes
buildings, structures, and archaeological sites relating to hydraulic placer mining in
southeastern Arizona. Kentucky Camp was constructed as the headquarters of the Santa Rita
Water and Mining Company, which was founded in 1902, to revitalize the worked-out
Greaterville gold placers with intensive hydraulic mining. Despite its ambitious scale of
operations, the endeavor proved an economic failure and closed in 1906. The district includes
elements that, together, represent the system of hydraulic mining utilized at the Kentucky
Camp. The site was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places due to its association
with early twentieth century mining technology and was listed in 1995. (Pima County 2000)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 231
KINO SPRINGS GOLF RESORT
State Route 82 northeast of Nogales
(1930s) The Kino Springs Golf Resort is located on the property of the Spanish Estancia Yerba
Buena land grant, deeded in 1817, by the King of Spain. The land changed into Anglo hands
later in the nineteenth century. In the 1930s, British actor Stewart Granger and actress Jean
Simmons purchased the property. They constructed ranch buildings, of which one was the
private bungalow of their friend and fellow actor, John Wayne. In 1970, the golf resort was
built and named Kino Springs in connection with Father Kino and the springs on the property
named after the same. (Linnéa Caproni)
KITCHEN, PETE RANCH, NRHP
5.5 miles north of Nogales off U.S. 89
(1854) This was one of the best-known pioneer ranches in southwestern Arizona during the
latter 1800s. Pete Kitchen, who supplied ham to Tucson and military establishments of the
area, established the ranch in 1854. The Kitchen Ranch was one of the few existing ranches in
the Santa Cruz Valley during the height of the Apache attacks. Thus, it became a haven for
travelers at times of danger. The original adobe building is standing, as is the larger and later
ranch house. Both have had new roofs and improvements made to them. (Andrew Gorski)
KITT HOUSE, NRHP
Armory Park
319 South 4th Avenue
Tucson
(1899, Katharine Kitt) Unusual for the Greek Revival in Tucson, the façade of this house is the
only example of a complete classical temple portico. Also surprisingly, the house is built of
adobe and extended through the deep porch that occupies the entire west end. Diagonal interior
walls suggest an interest in the Queen Anne style. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
KRESS, S. H., & CO. BUILDING, NRHP
48 Morley Avenue
Nogales
This building is significant in that it is the best local example of a brick commercial style
building. In addition to its decorative brickwork and cast stone keystones above second-story
flat arched windows, the structure features a pedimented parapet with a pressed metal cornice
below. At street level, two symmetrical bays with aluminum-frame display windows surround
the two symmetrically placed recessed entries. (Andrew Gorski)
232 Appendix A
KRUTTSCHNITT HOUSE (EL PRESIDIO BED & BREAKFAST), NRHP
El Presidio
297 North Main Avenue
Tucson
Beneath the 1899 Victorian dress of this building is a traditional Sonoran rowhouse built of
thick adobe walls and a flat roof. This hybrid demonstrates the evolution of stylistic preferences
by Tucsonans as a result of the arrival of the railroad and the influence of national trends in
building design and aesthetics. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
LAS DOS NACIONES CIGAR COMPANY FACTORY, NRHP
204 Morley Avenue
Nogales
(1897) This building is significant in its association with pioneer businessman Richard Lewis
Fleisher, who founded Las Dos Naciones Cigar Company in 1897. He ran the only cigar business
in the Southwest from this building until 1917. The building is a unique Nogales example of
Greek Revival-influenced commercial architecture. (Andrew Gorski)
LEE-CUTLER HOUSE, NRHP
Armory Park
620 South 3rd Avenue
Tucson
(1910) This house is one of the best examples of the later phase of the Queen Anne Revival.
Many of the features can be seen from the street (through the trees), such as the round turret
capped by a conical roof. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
LINCOLN HOUSE, NRHP
Armory Park
422 South 5th Avenue
Tucson
(1902, Henry Trost) Many of the signature Trost elements are evident in this one-story stuccoed
house. His Prairie style composition is based on a cube, and balances receding and projecting
forms in the overhanging flat roofs and the columns of the porch. The ornamented fascia is
also typical of Trost. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 233
LOCHIEL HISTORIC DISTRICT
Lochiel
(1880) Lochiel is where the first European explorer west of the Rockies, Fray Marcos de Niza,
entered the San Rafael Valley on 12 April 1539. Lochiel’s post office was established 23 August
1880, and was discontinued 30 September 1911, sequentially under the three names Luttrell,
La Noria, and then Lochiel. At its peak were 2 smelters, 3 saloons, a butcher, bakery, livery
stables, 5 stores, and a boardinghouse. The Lochiel border crossing was closed in the early
1980s due to budgetary concerns. Today, a family lives in and maintains the buildings in the
district, including the small chapel. (Andrew Gorski)
MAC ARTHUR BUILDING (HOTEL HEIDEL)
345 East Toole Avenue
Tucson
(1907-1908, Holmes & Holmes; renovated, 1980, by Collaborative Design Group/Frank Mascia)
Built to serve passengers arriving in Tucson at the new Southern Pacific train depot, this
triangular, three-story building has stately proportions. Elements from both Mission Revival
and Prairie styles are incorporated, although neither style is dominant. (Nequette and Jeffery
2002)
MANNING CABIN, NRHP
Saguaro National Monument East
L. H. Manning, at one time the Surveyor General of the territory of Arizona, and later Mayor
of Tucson, homesteaded a 160-acre section in the Rincon Mountains and erected a cabin as a
vacation home in 1905. The cabin was built as a single-storied, two-room structure, with a
shed-like space between the rooms that was open on the front side. It had a stone chimney at
one end; stone pillars were added later on either side of the front door. The Manning family
used the cabin until 1907, when the area was established as a national forest. Thereafter, the
cabin was used by a number of people. With the establishment of the Saguaro National
Monument, the National Park Service has maintained the cabin and uses it as the quarters for
the ranger. It is significant for its association with a prominent pioneer of Arizona and for its
association with both the national forest and the national monument. (Holland, 1972)
MANSFIELD MIDDLE SCHOOL
1300 East 6th Street
Tucson
(1929-1930, Roy Place; J. J. Garfield, contractor; addition, 1995, by IEF Group) The distinctive
pink color and tower have come to symbolize this Spanish Colonial Revival school. Several
additions, including a cafeteria and a library, were built to accommodate the growing school’s
17 original classrooms and administrative areas. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
234 Appendix A
MARICOPA HALL, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1920, Lescher & Kibbey, and Lyman & Place) The third floor was added by Lyman & Place in
1921. It features a prominent Classical Revival portico with eight paired and stylized Egyptian
columns, behind which the brick rectangle of the building sits on a concrete base scored to
represent stone. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
MARIST COLLEGE (WESTERN END, ST. AUGUSTINE CATHEDRAL)
192 South Stone Avenue
Tucson
The Marist College (1916) and adjacent Our Lady Chapel (1915) are associated with a major
Diocesan building program by Henri Granjon, Tucson’s last French Bishop. The rare, three-
story adobe building is a good example of the Neoclassical Revival Style. (Marty McCune)
MARSH, GEORGE B. BUILDING, NRHP
142-154 Grand Avenue
Nogales
(1905) This building is located next to the Pimería Alta Historical Society. It is significant in
its association with one of the most prominent early businessmen in Nogales, George Marsh.
The building consists of a series of construction efforts by Marsh, which have been combined
into one building with a series of bays. The original portion of the building housed the Nogales
post office from 1905 to 1926. In 1908, it housed the Nogales telephone exchange, and in 1914,
the Marsh furniture store. (Andrew Gorski)
MARSH HEIGHTS HISTORIC RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT, NRHP
Roughly Bounded by Court Street, Summit Avenue, South Court Street, and Morley Avenue
Nogales
(1909) The Marsh Heights Historic District was developed by prominent Nogales businessman
and land developer, George F. Marsh. It was platted in 1905, and developed in 1909. The
singular vision of Marsh in the platting and development of the district as an upper-class
residential neighborhood has helped to maintain the neighborhood’s heterogeneous social
and aesthetic character to this day. Marsh Heights is significant in that it is one of the only
rectilinear neighborhoods in the city, ignoring topographical limitations—as opposed to most
of the other Nogales neighborhoods. The neighborhood is organized around a hilltop central
square. The Neo-Classical Santa Cruz Courthouse is located within the district. The buildings
themselves range greatly in early twentieth century architectural styles: from Western Colonial
to Bungalow to Mission Revival. (Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 235
MEDITERRANEAN STYLE HOUSE, NRHP
215 Walnut Street
Nogales
This house is the best local example of a Mediterranean style single-family residence in Nogales.
This brick residence displays a unique crenellated circular entrance. It is also notable for its
high level of detailing and craftsmanship in its window treatments and wall surfaces and
other elements characteristic of the style. (Andrew Gorski)
MEDITERRANEAN STYLE HOUSE, NRHP
245 Walnut Street
Nogales
This brick house with a rusticated stucco exterior exhibits a unique local interpretation of the
Mediterranean style, as expressed in the artistic treatment of the façade with decorative floral
patterns in plaster relief. Its multiple arched and undulating parapet and trefoil-like arched
opening at the main façade also distinguish the residence. (Andrew Gorski)
MEXICAN BAPTIST CHURCH (TEMPLO DE BETHEL), NRHP
Barrio Libre
641 South Meyer Avenue
Tucson
Now a residence, the stone foundation and steps at the entry lead to a doorway spanned with
a very shallow segmental arch with a Palladian or tripartite window above. This simple single-
room brick structure also features a gabled roof behind the shaped parapet of the façade.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
MILLER, HUGO HOUSE, NRHP
565 Potrero
Nogales
The Craftsman Bungalow is the best residential example of concrete brick construction in
Nogales. It was the home of Hugo Miller, a prominent Nogales assayer who worked in many
of the large mining districts of New Mexico and Nevada before moving to Nogales in 1912.
Another distinguishing feature of this residence is its use of cobblestones for the entry piers
and foundation. (Andrew Gorski)
236 Appendix A
MISSILE SITE 8, NRHP, NHL
1580 West Duval Mine Road
Air Force Facility Missile Site
Pima County
This is the site of a Titan II missile silo that contained a nuclear tipped missile on 24-hour alert
from 1963 to 1982. Known officially as Titan Missile Site 571-7, this formerly top-secret facility
is the sole remaining Titan Intercontinental Ballistic Missile complex left in the country. In
1988, it was opened as a museum, containing both aboveground and belowground components
of the launch operations. These components include the operations center, multiple blast
shields, crew quarters, and the silo itself, a concrete lined hole 55 ft wide and 154 ft deep that
housed a single missile capable of delivering between 10 and 20 megatons to a target 6,000
nautical miles away. The property was included in the National Register in 1992, for its military,
architectural, and engineering significance as a symbol of the Cold War. (Pima County 2000)
MONTEZUMA HOTEL, NRHP
108-120 Morley Avenue
Nogales
This building is the dominant structure along Morley Avenue and once served as the center
of the economic and social life of Nogales. It is the largest example of the Spanish Colonial
Revival style in Nogales today. This building needs preservation and rehabilitation. (Andrew
Gorski)
MOWRY GHOST MINING TOWN
13 miles south of Patagonia
(1857) The Mowry settlement that developed around the Mowry Mine is one of the oldest
Arizona mining settlements; however, its prosperity was short-lived. Originally worked by
Mexicans under the name of the Patagonia Mine, the Mowry lead and silver mine was renamed
in 1857, by claimholder Lieutenant Sylvester Mowry of West Point. In 1880, Mowry was arrested
for having provided the Confederates with lead for ammunition. After a stint in the Yuma
Territorial Prison, Mowry was released, although he never recovered his property. The only
present-day structures from the Mowry mining settlement are some adobe and stone building
ruins and some mining operation remnants. (Linnéa Caproni)
NOGALES ELECTRIC LIGHT, ICE & WATER CO. POWER HOUSE, NRHP
491 Grand Avenue
Nogales
This is the only remaining building associated with development of electric power in Nogales
during the growth of the city. This flat-roofed building was constructed of structural brick
with fired brick infill. (Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 237
NOGALES HIGH SCHOOL, NRHP
310 Plum Street
Nogales
Nogales High School is the oldest public school building remaining in Nogales. Consisting of
a stone foundation and fired brick construction that displays excellent craftsmanship, it is the
largest Second Renaissance Building in Nogales. Other notable features include art stone
cartouches and brick tablets. (Andrew Gorski)
NOGALES STEAM LAUNDRY BUILDING, NRHP
Nogales
Pioneer Nogales photographer and property owner, W. J. Neuman, built this building. It was
used as a steam laundry from 1915 to 1930, and is one of only four buildings remaining in
Nogales that represents historic industries. It is the only remaining example of concrete brick
construction used in an industrial building in Nogales. (Andrew Gorski)
NOON, A. S. BUILDING, NRHP
185 Grand Avenue
Nogales
(Early 1900s) This building was built by A. S. Noon and is associated with the prominent
early pioneer Noon family, who did much to shape the city of Nogales—economically,
politically, and socially—through all its historic periods. The northern half of the building
once served as a storeroom occupied by Wing Wong, a longtime leading Chinese merchant.
This building exemplifies commercial expansion during Nogales’ early twentieth century
growth period and is the only two-story commercial flatiron building in Nogales built of cast-
in-place concrete. (Andrew Gorski)
NUGENT BUILDING, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1937, Roy Place) The original building was a simple, two-story brick rectangle, with a pitched
roof and the façade facing the mall at the gabled end. The Italian Romanesque revival features
include the second-story arch above the entry, composed of an inner and outer arch with
alternating colored voussiors on the inner arch. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
238 Appendix A
ODD FELLOWS HALL (SECOND FLOOR NOW ETHERTON ART GALLERY)
135 South 6th Avenue
Tucson
(1919) A good example of an early twentieth century commercial building, with large windows
at the ground level, that was usually rented to an automobile-related business. Highlighting
the spacious second floor dance hall are three large windows with shallow arches of articulated
stonework, including keystones. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
OLCOTT HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
234 North Main Avenue
Tucson
(circa 1890, Arthur Jacobson, builder/contractor) This detached house is made of fired brick
with a compact block form. This was the first house on the western side of Main Avenue to
take advantage of the steep slope, by creating one story on Main Avenue and two stories to
the west. It is similar to many of the American Territorial houses in the Armory Park
neighborhood in both style and material. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
OLD ADOBE BARN
Interstate 19, East Frontage Road, near Tumacácori
This barn of unknown age is an excellent example of exposed adobe construction and has a
unique significance as an agricultural icon along Interstate 19.
OLD MAIN, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1891, James Creighton) The university’s first permanent structure blends a Queen Anne
vocabulary of stone and brick walls, wooden posts, high-pitched roofs, and chimneys, with
climate-conscious features. During the late 1960s, this building survived threats of demolition,
which prompted a counter-campaign to document and preserve campus buildings, resulting
in the creation of the country’s first university campus National Register Historic District in
1985, composed of 35 buildings. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 239
OLD NOGALES CITY HALL AND FIRE STATION, NRHP
136 Grand Avenue
Nogales
(1914, Henry O. Jaastad) Designed in the Mission Revival Style by architect Henry O. Jaastad,
the Old Nogales City Hall and Fire Station is a two-story structure, with an attached square
bell tower, that is prominently situated in downtown Nogales. The first story is graced by a
series of arched openings, while large tripartite windows provide light to the interior at the
second story. The roof features metal tiles painted to simulate terra cotta tiles. Originally
divided to accommodate the functions of city offices and fire station, the Pimería Alta Historical
Society currently uses the first floor and basement as a museum and research library. (Andrew
Gorski)
OLD PUEBLO CLUB
115 South Stone Avenue
Tucson
Designed by noted Tucson architect D. H. Holmes in 1907, this was the first building in Tucson
with a façade of buff-colored, California pressed brick. It contained a gymnasium, bowling
alley, and billiards room, as well as a library and restaurant, rooftop pergola, and garden.
Remodeled in 1932, by Roy Place. (Brooks Jeffery)
OLD TUBAC SCHOOLHOUSE, NRHP
Tubac
(1885) This schoolhouse was nominated to the NRHP as a key architectural element of the
historic core of the town of Tubac. It is centrally located, and its architecture, a one-story
adobe building in cruciform shape, blends with the town’s historic architecture, which
represents three interacting cultural groups: Spanish, Mexican, and Euro-American. The
schoolhouse served as a center and focal point of Tubac community activity and, at the time
of its 1970 NRHP listing, was intended for that use again—as a building for community
gatherings and museum activities relating to the history of Tubac. (Linnéa Caproni)
OLD TUMACÁCORI BAR
Tumacácori
(1930s) This old bar in Tumacácori was a 1930s cowboy bar and hangout. The current owner
holds the oldest liquor license in Arizona. (Linnéa Caproni)
240 Appendix A
OLD UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA LIBRARY (ARIZONA STATE MUSEUM), NRHP
University of Arizona
1013 East University Boulevard
Tucson
The Arizona State Museum North building was designed in 1923, by Lyman and Place and is
the most impressive building facing the west campus mall. This building is modeled after the
Boston Public Library, whose exterior mixes the Classical Revival symmetry with an emerging
vocabulary that became the signature of Place’s university buildings—including the use of
arches as a dominant facade feature, masterful brick detailing, and glazed terra cotta ornament,
such as the frieze of opened books on the south facade. The original design included a formal
reading room on the second floor, relegating the books to a closed storage area accessible only
to librarians. The reading room, now the museum’s library, is one of the most elegant interior
spaces in Tucson, dominated by two-story arched windows along the southern wall, decorated
ceiling beams, a polished concrete floor, and mahogany bookshelves lining the room. Although
there have been several additions to this building, it still retains its impressive character and
is listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. (Brooks Jeffery)
PATAGONIA DEPOT
310 MeKeown Boulevard
Patagonia
(1900) The informative plaque on this depot reads: “The Patagonia Depot is a registered
historic landmark built in 1900. The station represents the last portion of the New Mexico and
Arizona Railroad begun 1881-82 by the Santa Fe and discontinued by Southern Pacific in
1962. Saved from demolition in 1965 by the Patagonia-Sonoita Rotary Club, the Patagonia
Depot currently houses municipal offices.” During Patagonia’s heyday, the railroad depot
was a focal point in the social life of the community. Every evening, residents gathered to
watch the Benson-Nogales train stop in Patagonia. The railroad brought jobs and workers to
Patagonia, Sonoita, and Elgin. At one time, there were approximately 10,000 residents in the
area due to the influx of miners and ranchers. (Linnéa Caproni)
PATAGONIA HISTORIC DISTRICT
Patagonia
(1896) Rollin Rice Richardson of the San Rafael Cattle Company, who had earlier purchased
the San Rafael de la Zanja land grant, founded the town of Patagonia in 1896. The original
mainstay of Patagonia was mining, and it became the local mining-community hub. Later,
the arrival of the New Mexico and Arizona railway straight through Patagonia connected the
town to the rest of America’s train routes and made Patagonia an important commercial center
in Santa Cruz County. The population increased, and hotels, boarding houses, an opera house,
restaurants, and bars were established. However, after the end of ore shipment in 1960, and
the subsequent closure of the rail line, Patagonia’s boom days finished. Today, fine architectural
examples of Patagonia’s history remain: the historic 1900 depot (currently the town hall),
Cady Hall (NRHP-listed; Henry O. Jaastad), and various historic residences and commercial
buildings. (Linnéa Caproni)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 241
PENNINGTON RURAL HISTORIC LANDSCAPE, NRHP
Approximately 2,000 feet north of junction of Royal Road and Calle del Rio
Nogales
(1858) This National Register District conveys a pristine sense of Anglo-American pioneer
agriculture and represents a cohesive rural historic landscape in southern Arizona after the
acquisition of the area from Mexico. It includes a stone cabin, a field, an irrigation ditch, and
an adobe ruin. The stone cabin is thought to be the oldest remaining house built by Anglo-
Americans in Arizona. The field has been farmed almost continuously since 1858. The field is
thought to have been irrigated by diverting the water from the Santa Cruz River into the
ditch, which is no longer there, but that could be traced. The adobe ruin is thought to mark
the former house of Albert Case Benedict, who was the third owner of the Pennington property.
The property is associated with Elias Green Pennington, who was one of the first farmers
along the upper Santa Cruz River, and his daughter, Larcena. (Andrew Gorski)
PIMA COUNTY COURTHOUSE (THIRD), NRHP
115 North Church Avenue
Tucson
(1929, Roy Place, architect; Herbert Brown, contractor; south wing addition by Blanton &
Cole, architects; M. M. Sundt, contractor) The third Pima County Courthouse exemplifies
Place’s interpretation of the Spanish Colonial Revival style, defined by the space of the arcade
and courtyard, as well as through the use of religious building forms and ornament, including
a central dome and an elaborate portal facade. Moorish overtones, typical of this style, can be
seen in the use of ceramic tiles on the wainscoting, courtyard fountain, and on the dome,
whose mosaic form has become a Tucson icon. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
PIONEER HOTEL
100 North Stone Avenue
Tucson
(1928, Roy Place; remodeled in 1970, after fire) This 12-story building was at the center of the
downtown business district and attracted the social and political elite. Since the hotel closed
in 1974, the façade of the building has been clad, retaining only a corner spiral pilaster as the
last remnant of the original façade. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
PISCORSKI, JOSÉ BUILDING, NRHP
186-190 Morley Avenue
Nogales
(pre-1906) Local businessman Joseph Piscorski built this building. The second floor was the
location of the Nogales and Santa Cruz Board of Trade offices from 1906-1908; it then operated
as the San Antonio House Hotel and Boarding House. The first floor storerooms have been
occupied by various businesses since construction. It is the most well-preserved stone
commercial building in Nogales, and still maintains the original storefront; it features an
elaborate pressed metal cornice. (Andrew Gorski)
242 Appendix A
PRODUCERS COTTON GIN BUILDING
13864 North Sandario Road
Marana
Built in 1938, the Producer Cotton Gin comprises two buildings, an office and a warehouse.
Both structures are simple, one-story structures made of adobe mud brick set over a poured
concrete floor. The office includes cast-in-place concrete lintels over door and window
openings, and the roof consists of 2- by 8-inch rook joist on 24-inch centers overlain by wooden
board roof decking. The warehouse has a wood truss rood system, with a corrugated metal
rood finish. Exterior features include three sheet metal-covered wood sliding doors with cast-
in-place concrete frames. The Producer Cotton Gin represents the cotton growing industry,
historically a driving force in the settlement of Marana, Arizona. (Dart and Jones 2001)
RANCHO LAS LOMAS
4500 West Speedway Boulevard
Tucson
(1936, Margaret Spencer) This rambling complex of cottages and towers was one of Spencer’s
few Tucson works. Originally designed as a guest ranch on 140 acres, each of the 13 buildings
blends sensitively into the surrounding desert landscape and is constructed of native stone
with windows strategically placed to frame views of the Tucson Mountains and its rolling
foothills. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
REILLY FUNERAL HOME
102 East Pennington Street
Tucson
Reilly Undertaking Company was formed by John I. Reily, who served on the State Board of
Embalmers for 17 years (chairman for 2 years). In 1908, the building was designed and built
by noted Tucson architect Henry Jaastad. The Neoclassical design was modernized in 1935
(by Jaastad) to the current Art Deco style. (Brooks Jeffery)
REX RANCH
131 Amado Montosa Road
Amado
(1880s) This 50-acre guest ranch is located on part of the historic Canoa Spanish Land Grant,
near the town of Amado. In 1938, Rex Hamaker of Houston, seeking a healthy, restful climate
away from the city, purchased the property and founded the Rex Ranch resort. Historically,
celebrities in Arizona for filmmaking and privacy and relaxation stayed at the private Rex
Ranch and contributed to its success. Some buildings on the resort property predate the
Hamaker period—specifically, the original double-adobe building built by a cavalry soldier
who was gifted the ranch property upon his retirement from the United States Army. The Rex
Ranch restaurant, Cantina Romántica, is housed in this original structure. Another building
of note is the mid-1900s two-story adobe structure designed by architect Josias Joesler. The
Rex Ranch property possesses the first swimming pool built in Santa Cruz County. (Linnéa
Caproni)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 243
RIALTO THEATER AND APARTMENTS
300-314 (318-322) East Congress Street
Tucson
(1919; partially demolished) The original theater once had an incredibly elaborate interior in
which all surfaces are ornamented with plasterwork and painted in decoration of Islamic
character. The theater originally had 1,300 seats, now all removed, and a stage that was
unusually large. The second-floor apartments are still in use, and the theater is occasionally
used for informal parties, performances, and concerts. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
RINCON MARKET, NRHP
Sam Hughes
2502-2518 East 6th Street
Tucson
(1945, attributed to Merritt Starkweather, FAIA; renovation, 1986, by Paul Weiner, Bob Lanning,
and John Collins) This brick building, with parking behind and on the eastern side, has a
wonderful interior space with exposed trusses that were opened up with steel beams and
columns in the 1986 renovation. The continuous porch along the southern wall includes seating,
and meets the sidewalk at the property line. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
ROBLES RANCH
Robles Junction Three Points on Ajo Highway 86
This famous ranch complex was first established by Bernabe Robles in the 1880s, when he ran
a stage line from Tucson to Quijota. An adobe stage station/ranch house was constructed
sometime between 1880-1884. At one time, the ranch encompassed more that 1 million acres
between Florence and the Mexican border. The original buildings were single-story adobe
structures built in the vernacular Sonoran style of the time, with a separate open space or
breezeway between them. In the 1950s, these were joined, and additional improvements were
made to the property. The ranch house is currently characterized by Territorial style forms
and details. Pima County has purchased the property and is in the process of renovating it as
a community center for Three Points. (Gerald A. Doyle & Associates 1999)
ROCKWELL HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
405 West Franklin Street
Tucson
(1907-1908, Holmes & Holmes) This residence represents the English Tudor style, with the
first story in brick and the second contrasting dark wood half timbering with light colored
stucco. The house was designed from the interior out, without regard for the irregular forms
on the exterior. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
244 Appendix A
ROMERO HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
104-108 West Washington
Tucson
(circa 1868) Based on skewed alignment of this building with the modern street, construction
materials, and methods, it may embody a portion of the original presidio wall; otherwise, a
typical transformed Sonoran rowhouse with a pitched roof. It is currently being used by the
Tucson Museum of Art. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
RONSTADT HOUSE, NRHP
607 North 6th Avenue
Tucson
(1904, Trost & Rust; renovated, 1977, by David Goff) Built on a double lot for Fred and Lupe
Ronstadt, the most striking feature of the large two-story stucco house is the entry, consisting
of a protruding flat slab roof sheltering a second-story balcony above the porch. On the ground
floor, the house is made of nine squares—that is, three rooms wide by three rooms deep. In
contrast, the upper floors become a cruciform as the central area extends to the balconies.
(Marty McCune)
RONSTADT-SIMS ADOBE WAREHOUSE, NRHP
911 North 13th Avenue
Tucson
This large adobe warehouse was constructed in 1913, by Richard Ronstadt, as an expansion of
his agricultural implement business. The interior has 18-ft-high adobe walls, with a roof of
long-span timber Howe trusses. It is an exceptional example of warehouse construction, both
an engineering feat of its time and an unusual application of mixed Anglo and Sonoran forms
to a commercial building. (Marty McCune)
ROSKRUGE HOUSE, NRHP
Armory Park
318 East 13th Street
Tucson
(1895-1896, Creighton & Millard/James M. Creighton) Designed by the architect of Old Main
on the University of Arizona campus and the Pinal County Courthouse in Florence, Arizona,
an interior visit to this Queen Anne house is necessary to appreciate the informality and
dynamic space created by the diagonal walls, octagonal spaces, and bay windows. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 245
ROSKRUGE SCHOOL
501 East 6th Street
Tucson
Roskruge School, located at 501 East Sixth Street, opened in 1907, as Tucson’s first high school.
It was named after George James Roskruge, an Englishman who worked as a surveyor, city
engineer, school administrator, and president of the Tucson Building and Loan Association.
In 1923, when Tucson High School opened a campus at 400 North Second Street, Roskruge
served for a time as a junior high school. The school has, at times since, served as an elementary
school for as many as 300 pupils. Today, it has a combined use as a school for children from
kindergarten through eighth grade and as a center for bilingual magnet programs for middle
school students. (Jerry Kyle)
SACRED HEART CHURCH
272 North Rodriguez Street
Nogales
(1897) Sacred Heart Parish has served the Catholic Community in Nogales since 1897. Its
inauguration occurred on Thanksgiving Day of 1928, after a construction period of two years.
(Andrew Gorski)
SAFFORD MIDDLE SCHOOL
200 East 13th Street
Tucson
(1918, Henry Jaastad/Annie Rockfellow, designer) Sitting on the site of the old Plaza School
that was destroyed by fire, this structure is arguably the best surviving example of the work
of Annie Rockfellow, and her belief that the Spanish Colonial Revival was an appropriate
architectural style for the Southwest. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
SALERO MINING GHOST TOWN (HACIENDA DEL SANTA RITA)
Sonoita/Patagonia
(Seventeenth century) The Salero Mine was first worked for its silver by Jesuits in the
seventeenth century, making it one of the oldest mines in southern Arizona. The name Salero
means saltcellar (shaker) in Spanish and refers to a visiting Spanish bishop who was presented
with a silver saltshaker. American possession began in 1857, with acquisition of the mine by
the Santa Rita Mining Company of Tubac. Salero became the mining headquarters for the
company. Several famous persons are associated with the mining company: Sam Colt of the
Colt revolver, Charles Debrille Poston (Father of Arizona), Frederick Bronckhow and
Heintzelman (successful German miners), and William Wrightson (famous local figure during
the mining boom era). Between 1860 and 1861, mining operations at Salero prospered.
However, they were prematurely interrupted when local Apaches massacred most of the
Hacienda’s founders. The community of Salero relocated nearby and eventually acquired a
post office. Purportedly, the ruins of several original buildings still exist; however, they are
on the private property of ASARCO, Inc., and not accessible to the public. (Linnéa Caproni)
246 Appendix A
SAM HUGHES SCHOOL, NRHP
Sam Hughes
700 North Wilson Avenue
Tucson
The school was designed by prominent architect Roy Place and built in 1927. The school is a
one-story doughnut plan, with a central courtyard anchored by a two-story office area centered
in the main street façade. The front has a gabled mission tile roof, with a gabled-roofed tower
projecting from the left front corner and a large deeply recessed arch centered in the wall
containing the entry doors. The covered walkways are framed with hewn heavy timber and
large corbels. The building has many other beautiful architectural features and has remained
largely unmodified. (Marty McCune)
SAMANIEGO HOUSE
222 South Church Avenue
Tucson
The Samaniego House was built in 1876, by Mariano Samaniego, and is virtually all that
remains of the barrio that was destroyed during urban renewal in the 1960s. It is adobe with
saguaro rib ceilings. Samaniego was a very prominent citizen of Tucson, serving on the city
council, as County Assessor, on the board of supervisors, and delegate to five territorial
legislatures. He was a regent of the University of Arizona, president of the Arizona Pioneers
Historical Society, and co-founder of the Alianza Hispano-American Club. (Marty McCune)
SAN PEDRO CHAPEL, NRHP
5230 East Fort Lowell Road
Tucson
(1932, attributed to Alonso Hubbard, architect/contractor; renovation, 1995, by Bob Vint) In
1931, the village of El Fuerte commissioned the third chapel for this site. It was built by the
residents, using earth from the site, and is significant as a contextual remnant of the older
neighborhood. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
SAN RAFAEL STATE PARK
23 miles southeast of Patagonia
(1900) San Rafael State Park is part of the original 1825 Spanish San Rafael de la Zanja land
grant. The historic ranch house was built in 1900, by cattle rancher Colin Cameron, and later
acquired by William Greene of Tombstone in 1903. It was the fourth ranch headquarters since
1884. This house is considered the best-preserved brick ranch house in Arizona from the
Territorial period of 1863-1912. The house is two stories high and contains 30 rooms with a
full basement. The truncated hipped roof covers a wide veranda around the entire ground
floor, and the edge is supported by delicate colonnettes, square at the top and bottom. The
veranda rests upon brick pillars and is raised above ground level, allowing light to the windows
of the basement rooms. The house and setting have been used in several movies, including
the 1955 Rogers and Hammerstein movie Oklahoma and the John Wayne movie McClintock.
(Andrew Gorski)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 247
SAN XAVIER DEL BAC, NRHP, NHL
Mission Road
Tucson
(1783-1797, Ignacio Gaona, master builder; restorations, 1906, Henry Grajon; 1937-1951, E. D.
Herreras, FAIA; and 1988, Patronato de San Xavier, Italian conservation team led by Bob
Vint) This mission church remains one of the finest examples of Spanish Colonial architecture
in the United States. The attraction of San Xavier begins with the image of a massive, but
beautifully proportioned and articulated structure of brilliant white seen against the brilliant
colors of an endless desert. San Xavier is characteristic of the Spanish Colonial missions, in
that it is a provincial adaptation of the late Baroque designs of Mexico, although in this case,
it is also stylistically 50 years behind. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
SANTA CATALINA APARTMENTS (UDALL CENTER)
803-811 East 1st Street
Tucson
(circa 1910) Originally built as boarding houses, these two freestanding stuccoed brick
structures have gabled roofs supported by slender wooden posts at the perimeter, creating a
continuous porch on all four sides of each structure. Segmental arches form the tops of
numerous exterior doors and windows, typical of this early residential type. (Nequette and
Jeffery 2002)
SANTA CRUZ BRIDGE NO. 1, NRHP
South River Road over the Santa Cruz River
Nogales-Patagonia Highway
(1917) Santa Cruz Bridge No. 1 is noteworthy for the pattern of events contributing to the
history of the state and its communities, for the structural design that embodies the type and
method of bridge construction and architecture, and for the information the bridge is likely to
yield from the history of the community. In 1866, state legislatures began to transfer road
construction and administration to counties. Counties were divided into road districts and
authorized to oversee the funding of road construction and maintenance. In 1915, the Arizona
State Legislature appropriated $12,500 from the state’s General Fund for a bridge over the
Santa Cruz River on the Nogales-Patagonia Highway. State Engineer B. M. Atwood located a
site and waited for the appropriation of equal contributions from Santa Cruz County. In 1917,
at a cost of $38,012, under the direction of General Foreman F. W. Haynes, the Santa Cruz
Bridge No. 1 was completed. The bridge is an exemplar of excellent workmanship, it is unique
for its unusual three two-girder channel construction, and it is the earliest and longest-span
concrete girder bridge still in use on Arizona’s road system. (Linnéa Caproni)
248 Appendix A
SANTA CRUZ CHURCH, NRHP
1220 South 6th Avenue
Tucson
(1919, Manuel G. Florez, contractor) In 1916, Henry Grajon, the second bishop of the Diocese
of Tucson, drew up plans for a monastery for Carmelite friars, based on a convent in Avila,
Spain. The adobe blocks for this enormous structure were made by the Papago (Tohono
O’odham) living near the Mission San Xavier at a cost of $10.00 per 2,000. It is the largest
adobe structure in this area. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
SANTA CRUZ COUNTY COURTHOUSE, NRHP
Intersection of Court Street/Morley Avenue
Nogales
(1904) This three-story structure constructed of rough, coursed stone is situated on a steeply
sloping site at the base of the Marsh Heights Historic Residential District. A dominant, centrally
located dome rests upon a modified cruciform plan that is accessed from the street by a terraced
lawn with a monumental central stairs. The prominent portico has four simple columns topped
with a boxed decorated cornice and frieze. A highly decorated pediment and cornice topped
with urns is also featured. (Andrew Gorski)
SANTA CRUZ SCHOOL HOUSE
Duquesne Road
State Route 82 northeast of Nogales
(1920s) This is one of the approximately two dozen Little Red School Houses built in the
Santa Cruz Valley area in the 1920s. Despite difficulties in the cattle industry during that
time, a sufficient population of farmers and ranchers existed for construction of these
schoolhouses. (Linnéa Caproni)
SCOTTISH RITE TEMPLE BUILDING, NRHP
Armory Park
160 South Scott Avenue
Tucson
(1915, Trost & Trost/Henry Trost, designer; restoration, 1990, by Bob Vint) A surprising
variety of Neoclassical stylistic influences are combined in this Masonic temple. The
symmetrical exterior façade of brick and terra cotta meshes the large scale of the Roman Revival
with a restrained Greek Revival ornament, seen in the Ionic capitals. (Nequette and Jeffery
2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 249
SECOND OWL’S CLUB, NRHP
El Presidio
378 North Main Avenue
Tucson
(1902-1903, Trost & Rust) Designed as a larger facility for this fraternal organization, this
massive two-story building is an eclectic mix of Mission Revival forms and Sullivanesque
ornament. Trost incorporated playful references to local architecture, including the immense,
oversized canales, typical of the Sonoran rowhouses, a sculpted facade, reminiscent of that of
San Xavier, and local flora and fauna. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
SOLOMON WARNER HOUSE AND MILL, NRHP
350 South Grande Avenue
Tucson
One of Tucson’s enterprising pioneers, Solomon Warner, directed construction of a residence
and stone flourmill at the base of A-Mountain in 1874. He was given permission by Bishop
Salpointe to construct a canal across the wheel. In addition to the mill and canal, a 50-acre
lake was created by building an earthen dam at the confluence of the Santa Cruz River and
the west branch to create a millpond. The mill operated from 1874 to about 1890, when floods
destroyed the land and millrace. The old mill was abandoned and destroyed in the 1930s. The
house, a one-story adobe built in the vernacular Sonoran architectural style, is occupied as a
private residence today. (Pima County 1999)
SOUTH HALL, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
South Hall, originally called Arizona Hall, was designed by prolific Tucson architect David
Holmes and completed in 1913. This two-story brick men’s dormitory building is a modest
expression of the Classical Revival style, distinguished from other university buildings in
that style, such as Herring Hall. These elements include a hipped roof entry portico in place of
the formal temple front, square brick piers, not the traditional monolithic round columns,
and limited brick ornamentation. The plan is U-shaped, with an intimate courtyard facing
south. It allows the sun to warm the rooms in the winter, while a graceful jacaranda tree
shades the rooms in the summer. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD DEPOT AND ASSOCIATED BUILDINGS, NRHP
WAREHOUSE
342 East Toole Avenue
Tucson
The station was commissioned in 1905, due to high passenger volume/demand, and was
finished in 1907. It was remodeled and modernized in 1942, with the removal of all Spanish
Colonial Revival elements; outbuildings retained their original architectural integrity. (Brooks
Jeffery)
250 Appendix A
ST. AUGUSTINE CATHEDRAL
192 South Stone Avenue
Tucson
(1896, Quintus Monier, architect; façade remodeled, 1929, Henry O. Jaastad and E. D. Herreras;
interior remodeling, 1968) This second Catholic Church in Tucson with this name was built
under the auspices of Father Peter Bourgade, Bishop of Tucson, in the Romanesque Revival
style usually favored by French priests. In 1929, the exterior was changed to reflect the then-
popular Spanish Colonial Revival style, and in 1968, a major interior remodeling completely
changed the character of the interior space. (Marty McCune)
ST. JOSEPH’S/IMMACULATE HEART ACADEMY, NRHP
Armory Park
35 East 15th Street
Tucson
(1886) One of the largest surviving structures from this date, this two-story building is badly
in need of restoration. The original building served as a convent, and the addition housed the
first Catholic school in Tucson. The first story is constructed of hand-hewn, rough cut stone
from A-Mountain, and the second story is stuccoed over brick. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
ST. MICHAEL’S AND ALL ANGELS
602 North Wilmot Road
Tucson
(1953, Josias Joesler; addition, 1964, by Gordon Lupeke & Ed Moore; renovations, 1991, Bob
Vint) The form and materials of the Pueblo Revival church were inspired by the 1760 Mission
San Jose in Trampas, New Mexico. Joesler used weathered materials to make the building
look older, but it is the integration of building and arcades with courtyards, shade trees,
benches, and fountains that is noteworthy. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
ST. PHILLIPS IN THE HILLS EPISCOPAL CHURCH
4400 North Campbell Avenue
Tucson
(1936, Josias Joesler; addition, 1957, Gordon Luepke; addition, 1998, by Cain Nelson Wares
Cook/Ned Nelson, FAIA) This complex was designed as part of a group of buildings
surrounding a park, meant to mimic a Mexican village center and provide an anchor for the
development of the Catalina Foothills Estates. Unfortunately, conditions have changed
dramatically, and what was once a quiet park is now the crossroads of high-speed, high-
volume arteries of River Road and Campbell Avenue. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 251
STEINFELD HOUSE/FIRST OWL’S CLUB
El Presidio
300 North Main Avenue
Tucson
(1898, Henry Trost; renovation, 1978, by Gresham/Larson Associates) Designed as a residence
for 13 bachelors who comprised the original Owl’s Club, this two-story building reveals Trost’s
stylistic preference for combining Mission Revival forms, including tiled roofs and an arched
portico with Sullivanesque ornament. The sensitive renovation in 1978 earned the architectural
firm a design award. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
STEWARD OBSERVATORY, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1921-1923, Lyman & Place) Built on the highest point of the university’s flat mesa to
accommodate the 36-inch reflecting telescope, the white terra cotta tile exterior reflects heat
and keeps the instruments inside cool. A Classical Revival expression can be seen in the use
of implied pilasters and an entablature on this small octagonal building. The dome itself was
designed by Godfrey Sykes. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
STILLWELL-TWIGGS HOUSE
134 South 5th Avenue
Tucson
(1901-1902) This two-story brick house was the former Twiggs boarding house used by railroad
employees, winter visitors, and businessmen until the 1930s. The front porch and verandah,
which runs the length of the house, was used by guests, and each room had its own wood
stove. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
STONE ASHLEY
6400 East El Dorado Circle
Tucson
(circa 1930, Grovner Attabury) Originally built as a house for Florence Pond on her 320-acre
estate, arrival is made along an alley of mature Italian cypresses, which reinforces the fusion
of building and landscape architecture. The stone structure is several stories high, and takes
advantage of the steep slope by providing a sunken garden in the Italian Renaissance style.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
252 Appendix A
STONE AVENUE TEMPLE (TEMPLE EMMANU-EL)
Barrio Libre
564 North Stone Avenue
Tucson
(1910) The façade of the first synagogue in the Arizona territory is an odd combination of a
central Greek temple front, flanked by towers with Moorish domes. The façade was originally
exposed brick, so the effect was less Moorish than today. The most curious feature is the
raised base, with entry through stairs at either side tower, not in the center. (Nequette and
Jeffery 2002)
TELLES BLOCK (OLD TOWN ARTISANS), NRHP
El Presidio District
Tucson
(1850s-1960s) The entire block between Washington Street and Telles Street, and Meyer Avenue
and Court Avenue, is defined by Sonoran rowhouses with only a small gap created by missing
structures at the northeastern corner. This well-defined block creates an intimate, colorful,
and shaded courtyard. Benches, a fountain, and shade trees make it one of the most appealing
courtyards in Tucson. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
TELLES GROTTO SHRINE
State Route 82 southwest of Patagonia, Milepost 15.9
(1940s) This religious roadside shrine was carved into a solid rock cliff face after World War
II. During the war, the Juan Telles family had five sons in military service. Mrs. Telles vowed
that if all five of her sons returned safely from the war, she would construct a shrine devoted
to the family’s patron saint. The existence of this shrine represents the return of all five of the
Telles sons and their mother’s subsequent expression of devotion. (Linnéa Caproni)
TEMPLE OF MUSIC AND ART, NRHP
Armory Park
330 South Scott Avenue
Tucson
(1927, Arthur W. Hawes; renovation, 1990, Janus & Associates, architect; Division II, contractor)
The open side of the U-shaped plan of this Spanish Colonial Revival structure faces the street,
creating an inviting courtyard paved in Mexican tile and featuring a fountain. The temple is
very similar to the design of the Pasadena Community Playhouse in California. (Nequette
and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 253
THREE MEDITERRANEAN COTTAGES, NRHP
141 and 147 Pajarito, 533 Potrero
Nogales
(1920s-1930s) This project is the best example of Mediterranean style cottages in Nogales.
Reflective of the Period Revival styles reintroduced in the late 1920s and early 1930s, it is a
rare example of adobe from this time period. The buildings are symbolic of population growth
in Nogales during the post-World War I years. (Andrew Gorski)
TOHONO CHUL PARK
7366 North Paseo del Norte
Tucson
(Dedicated in 1985) Truly a desert island in the middle of suburban development, the land of
this 49-acre park was inhabited by the Hohokam from A.D. 70-1150, served as a cattle ranch
and homestead in the 1920s, enjoyed the view of a citrus grove to the south, and was a winter
home to many families. Today, the park includes an exhibit house, tea room, demonstration
gardens, classrooms, trails, ramadas, and many excellent examples of minimal water use and
living in the desert. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
TUBAC GOLF RESORT
Tubac
(1789) The Tubac Golf Resort lies on the site of the former historic Rancho Otero near Tubac.
Don Toribio de Otero of northern Sonora received the first land grant in the Arizona Territory
[Pimería Alta] from the king of Spain in 1789. The first deed of the Otero ranch dates to 1810,
and the Otero family occupied the property until the 1860s, when they left due to Confederate
occupation and Apache hostilities. However, in 1867, Don Otero’s grandson, Sabino, returned,
and with the help of his son Manuel, built a cattle empire that stretched from the Santa Rita
Mountains to the Baboquivaris and from the Santa Catalinas down into Mexico. The last
Otero to own the vast Otero properties, Teofilo, died in 1941. In 1959, the Otero ranch property
was purchased by singer/actor Bing Crosby and other businessmen who founded the Tubac
Golf Resort. Historic buildings on the 500-acre property showcase the engineering/architecture
of the Spanish Colonial period. These include the early 1800s remodel of the original Otero
family hacienda just north of the Stables Bar and Grill, now meeting rooms and a honeymoon
suite, and the old stables, hayloft, and bunkhouse, now the restaurant, lounge, and business
office. (Linnéa Caproni)
254 Appendix A
TUBAC PRESIDIO, NRHP
El Presidio Real de San Ignacio de Tubac
San Rafael de Tubac
(Late 1750s) The Tubac Presidio is the oldest Spanish military outpost in Arizona, built prior
to 1760, to defend against local Indian uprisings. Only low mounds outline the original building
today, and its original adobe bricks, used to build houses in the Tubac area, are long gone.
The site is significant, however, because the fort’s existence corresponds directly with the
early development of Tubac. The Presidio indirectly altered the cultural landscape of southern
Arizona, and even that of the San Francisco Bay Area, through Juan Bautista de Anza, the
presidio’s first commander and leader of a group from Tubac that founded San Francisco.
(Linnéa Caproni)
TUBAC TOWNSITE HISTORIC DISTRICT, NRHP
Roughly bounded by Tubac Road and Plaza Road and Presidio Drive
(Post-1857) The Tubac Townsite Historic District contains 21 contributing and four non-
contributing historic buildings. These showcase the following styles of architecture: Adobe
Row House of the Pimería Alta, Neo-colonial Revival, and Pueblo Revival. Construction of
buildings occurred after 1857. By that time, the Tubac Presidio was in ruins. Therefore, the
buildings of this district are related to the 1870s reoccupation boom in Tubac during the
American Settlement period rather than the Spanish Colonial period when the Tubac Presidio
was the force in town development. In addition to historic buildings, the district boundaries
encompass two excavated archaeological sites: Presidio Ruin and Otero House. (Linnéa
Caproni)
TUCSON HIGH SCHOOL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION BUILDING
400 North 2nd Avenue
Tucson
(1924, Lyman & Place/Henry Jaastad, Associate) Monumental and truly civic in scale, the
original building for 1,500 students is Neoclassical in style. The vocational building (1948-
1949, Place & Place) is a great example of the Streamline Moderne style. (Nequette and Jeffery
2002)
TUCSON MOUNTAIN PARK (BUILDINGS)
Gates Pass
(1933-1942, Clinton F. Rose, landscape architect) The enormous park that follows the ridge
line of the Tucson Mountains was developed by Pima County and the National Park Service,
with the help of the Works Progess Administration, in the 1930s. This historic landscape
embodies a singular design ethic, incorporating historic structures, prehistoric archaeological
and rock art sites, mines, features of the natural environment, topography, views, and new
structures such as roads, trails, parking areas, and picnic ramadas. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 255
TUMACÁCORI MUSEUM, TUMACÁCORI NATIONAL MONUMENT, NRHP, NHL,
NHP
18 miles north of Nogales on Interstate 19
(1937-39) The Tumacácori Museum/Visitor Center was built between 1937 and 1939, as an
interpretive tool for the Tumacácori Mission complex history. However, the museum is an
exhibit in itself. National Park Service staff researched the architectural elements of the Sonoran
missions, and the museum architects then incorporated the findings into the Tumacácori
Museum building design. Those architectural elements include construction materials, design
motifs, and a groin-vault ceiling—all similar to those in the Sonoran missions. As a result, the
adobe Tumacácori Museum building is a fine example of Mission Revival architecture, a style
popular in the American Southwest at the time of its construction. (Linnéa Caproni)
TUMACÁCORI NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK, NRHP
18 miles north of Nogales on Interstate19
(1757) The Tumacácori National Historical Park preserves one of the oldest Spanish missions
of the Greater Southwest: the Tumacácori Mission. The mission and its surrounding historic
district are all historically significant as visual representations of the history of the Spanish
frontier in New Spain and the development of the mission site since 1757. The archaeological
remains in the district are also significant for their potential to yield further information on
that development. The Tumacácori Mission also reflects the Spanish Mission architecture that
influenced American Revival Mission architecture in the early 1900s, an influence seen in the
later buildings of the historic district. (Linnéa Caproni)
UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE, NRHP
55 East Broadway Boulevard
Tucson
(1929, James A. Wetmore, United States Department of the Treasury) Originally built as a
ground-floor post office with courtrooms on the second floor, the restrained Neoclassical
style here is apparent. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
UNITED STATES CUSTOMS HOUSE
Terrace Street/International Street
Nogales
(1935) This building is prominently located at the United States/Mexico border and is
associated with the United States Customs Service and the prominent federal architect, Louis
A. Simon. It is symbolic of the important role of Nogales as the primary port of entry from
Mexico along the Arizona border. It is an excellent example of the Federal Architecture Period
Revival style and features a unique cornice. (Andrew Gorski)
256 Appendix A
UNITED STATES POST OFFICE AND IMMIGRATION STATION, NOGALES MAIN,
NRHP
Hudgin/Morley Avenue
Nogales
(1923) Constructed in 1923, during Nogales’ most significant period of growth, the Nogales
Main Post Office is one of only six post offices constructed in the western region between 1920
and 1926. A rectangular building designed in an extremely simplified version of the Spanish
Colonial Revival style, the structure’s only ornament is at the main entrance, and consists of
two slender columns supporting an entablature over which two eagles are place. (Andrew
Gorski)
VALLEY NATIONAL BANK (BANK ONE)
2-16 East Congress Street
Tucson
Tucson’s first skyscraper, the building opened in 1929. It was considered to be “The daddy of
Tucson’s skyline.” Aspects of the building are: second Renaissance Revival style, rose and
cedar colored Tennessee marble interior, and hand-painted murals of the coming of the mission
padres that decorated the walls. (Brooks Jeffery)
VELASCO HOUSE, NRHP
475 South Stone Avenue
Tucson
(circa 1850s; addition(s) 1860-1890) This house is an excellent example of a Transformed
Sonoran structure in which the earlier simple adobe with its zaguan, not only lost its adjacent
neighbors, but was changed in form and detail. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
VERDUGO HOUSE, NRHP
El Presidio
317-325 North Main Avenue
Tucson
(1877) This especially handsome Transformed Sonoran house sits high above the street with
steps leading to each entry. At the base, built to accommodate the sloped site, is what appears
to be a solid stone foundation wall. The color scheme is contemporary—the deep earthen tone
of the stucco walls is complemented by the brilliant colors on the Greek Revival trim on the
windows and doors. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 257
VETERAN’S HOSPITAL
3601 South 6th Avenue
Tucson
(1929, Roy Place) The original gracious campus plan, with its blend of native and exotic
landscaping and beautiful open spaces, was the perfect setting for the Spanish Colonial Revival
buildings in pink stucco and bright accents, forming shady arcades and cool courtyards.
(Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
WASHINGTON CAMP/DUQUESNE GHOST MINING TOWNS
Patagonia area
(1880s) These twin mining settlements of the Patagonia mining district prospered during the
mining boom era of 1880-1920, and averaged a population count of 1,000 each. Washington
Camp, which developed around the Pride of the West Mine, was the major supply community
for Duquesne, as well as the nearby mining communities of Harshaw and Mowry. Harshaw
provided housing and a general store while Duquesne boasted a company office and post
office. A shared community schoolhouse was halfway between the two settlements. The
remains of these old settlements include adobe-building ruins, a mineshaft, and mining
equipment. (Linnéa Caproni)
WELLS FARGO (FIRST INTERSTATE) BANK BUILDING
150 North Stone Avenue
Tucson
The Wells Fargo building was built in 1955, and designed by Place and Place architects. This
building has an Italian Renaissance revival façade. From the early Renaissance comes the
arcade of seven arches on slender columns rising two stories from the single-story base. There
is ornamental ironwork on the balcony. The lobby murals about Tucson’s history are by Jay
Datus. (Marty McCune)
WISDOM CAFE
1931 East Frontage Road
Tumacácori
(1944) Quoting from a 2001 brochure printed by the Nogales Chamber of Commerce: “Serving
customers along Old Nogales Highway since 1944, the Wisdoms have seen their share of stars
like John Wayne, years ago, and Diane Keaton who stopped in for lunch today. It is also a
haunt for sports hall-of-famers like basketball’s Kareem Abdul Jabar, football’s Dick Bass,
and baseball’s Johnny Bench. Written up across the country in publications such as the Saturday
Evening Post and New York Times, it is a must see on your visit to Santa Cruz County.” (Linnéa
Caproni)
258 Appendix A
WISE, J. E. BUILDING, NRHP
87 North Grand Avenue
Nogales
(1918) This building houses the oldest continually operated newspaper and printing
establishment in Nogales. Since 1918, it has been associated with the Nogales Herald, whose
publisher, Hanson Ray Sisk, published the paper (1920-1969) longer than any other publisher
in the state. This building relates to the twentieth century commercial development of Arroyo
Boulevard and features a unique curved glass block storefront. (Andrew Gorski)
WOOLWORTH, F. L. (W.) & CO. BUILDING, NRHP
115-117 Morley Avenue
Nogales
This is the only Neo-Classical Revival Commercial Building in Nogales; it is also the only
terra cotta façade in Nogales. The building remains in excellent condition. (Andrew Gorski)
WORLD’S FAIR MINE
Near Harshaw, Patagonia Mountains
(1884) The World’s Fair Mine was one of the most prosperous mines in the Patagonia
Mountains. By the late 1880s, it had produced several millions of dollars in silver, lead, gold,
and copper. Frank Powers of Harshaw bought the World’s Fair Mine for $150 around 1884,
and by 1898, he was offered $500,000, which he refused. According to author Alma Ready,
Powers just dug in to the mine’s ore whenever he desired a vacation. Today, there are major
mining and stamp mill ruins at the mine site. (Linnéa Caproni)
WORLD WAR II HANGARS/TRIPLE HANGAR
Tucson International Airport
(1944, Consolidated-Vultee Aircraft Corporation) The three hangars, located on the west ramp
of the Tucson International Airport (formerly Tucson Municipal Airport), were constructed
to perform modifications to B-24 and B-32 aircraft during World War II. When the hangars
were constructed, they encompassed the largest span for wooden trusses ever made. After
World War II, various government contractors used the hangars to perform aircraft
modifications and maintenance. Hangar One served as the passenger terminal for Tucson
Municipal Airport from 1948 through 1963; since 1970, the hangars have been leased by the
Tucson Industrial Center to businesses such as general aircraft and vehicle maintenance and
charter services. (Jonathan Mabry)
Descriptions of Important Historic Sites 259
WRIGHT-ZELLWEGER HOUSE
El Presidio
288 North Church Avenue
Tucson
(1900) Tucson’s best interpretation of the Neo-Classical style, in which its flat roof carries a
balustrade with finials. During restoration, the original clapboard siding of painted redwood
was discovered under a layer of stucco. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)
YUMA HALL, NRHP
University of Arizona
Tucson
(1937, Roy Place/J. J. Garfield, contractor) Completed a few months before Gila Hall, Yuma
Hall is identical in size and floor plan, but of a very different exterior expression. There is an
interesting mix of Italian Romanesque Revival elements, with other elements such as the
Renaissance Paladin window over the entrance. Yuma Hall was built on the site of a smaller
dorm, dating from 1907 by Henry Jaastad. (Nequette and Jeffery 2002)

REFERENCES CITED
Dart, Allen, and Jeffery T. Jones
2001 A History of Two Adobe Structures at site
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Pueblo Archaeology Center.
Gerald A. Doyle & Associates
1999 Historic Building Assessment Report: The
Robles Ranch House. Ms on file, Pima
County Facilities Management Division,
Tucson.
Holland, F. Ross.
1972 Manning Cabin. Nomination to the National
Register of Historic Places. On file, Pima
County Cultural Resources Program Office,
Tucson.
Huston, Ann
1985 Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution.
Nomination to the National Register of His-
toric Places. On file, Pima County Cultural
Resources Program Office, Tucson.
Nequette, Anne M., and R. Brooks Jeffery
2002 A Guide to Tucson Architecture. University
of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Pima County
1999 Paseo de las Iglesias, Restoring Cultural and
Natural Resources in the Context of the
Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan. Ms. on
file, Pima County Cultural Resources Pro-
gram Office, Tucson.
2000 Saving the Past for the Future: Cultural and
Historical Resources Element, Sonoran
Desert Conservation Plan. Ms. on file, Pima
County Cultural Resources Program Office,
Tucson.
2002 Priority Cultural Resources in Pima County,
Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan. Ms. on
file, Pima County Cultural Resources Pro-
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Rieder, Morgan
1999 Tucson Warehouse Historic District. Nomina-
tion to the National Register of Historic
Places. On file, Pima County Cultural Re-
sources Program Office, Tucson.
Turner, Teresa, Edward H. Spicer, and Rosamond
B. Spicer
1982 The People of Fort Lowell. Fort Lowell His-
toric District Board, Tucson.

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