AsthmaMS2

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Respiratory System: Asthma AaLona Robinson Pediatrics Presentation June 20, 2012

 

Asthma

Pathophysiology:

 

Irritants toresulting bronchialintree causedand bronchial constriction narrowed inflamed airways, dyspnea, and mucous production. All of which are reversible.

TYPES: TYPES:  Allergic Non-Allergic (many clients experience mixed)  mixed) 

 

Asthma Etiology “It is well recognized that, in the United States, asthma is more prevalent and more severe among black children than among white children. However, it is still unclear  what is causing the rise in asthma, or what is responsible for the continuing racial disparities in its prevalence and severity severity.. It appears that differences in asthma prevalencefactors; between population groups arecould due to exposure environmental genetic variation alone notdifferential account for the rise r ise to in this disease’s prevalence over a few decades. Hence, it may be that black race is merely a confounder for a set of exposures that disproportionately affec affectt black children. In the United States, the inhabitants of impoverished inner-city areas are disproportionately black, and inner cities are the areas where asthma is i s worst. We hypothesize that urban residence is an independent risk factor for childhood asthma after controlling for race, poverty poverty,, and other environmental and demographic variables. “ 

------ Risk Factors for Pediatric Asthma Asthma Contributions of Poverty, Poverty, Race, and Urban Residence C. ANDREW ALIGNE, ALIGNE, PEGGY AUINGER, ROBERT S. BYRD, and MICHAEL WEITZMAN

 

Asthma Signs and Symptoms *Shortness of Breath(Dyspnea) *Wheezing *Coughing *Production Thick, Tenacious, *Use of Accessory MusclesSputum *Every breath becomes an effort * Status Asthmaticus Asthmaticus (life threatening) *Inability to speak in Full Sentences *Blue Lips *Persistent SOB *Agitation

(Question 3)

*Confusion

 

Asthma MEDICATIONS: Albuterol: Open up the bronchial tubes (air passages) of the lungs, they are used to treat the symptoms of  asthma, and other lung diseases. Relieve cough, wheezing, SOB, and troubled breathing by increasing the flow of air the bronchial tubes. SE: restlessness, nervousness, dry mouth, and throat irritationtremors, (Question 5) Teaching: (Question 11)  11)  Video ideo    Albuterol V

Beclomethasone Inhaler: Treats inflammation in the Beclomethasone airway, causes dilation of the bronchioles.  bronchioles. 

 

Asthma Hogan Thomas presents to the ER with signs of respiratory distress. Respirations are 42/min with wheezing. Hogangoing is a 12 that is excited about toyear highold school in the fall. His grandmother reports that he was helping her clean out the attic for money for summer camp when he began to have trouble breathing. He tried to use his fast acting inhaler but it did not help.

 

Asthma ADPIE  Assessment : *Does Hogan have any allergies? *Does he exercise? *Does he/grandma have any pets? *Has this ever happened before? *What relieves symptoms? Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern Ineffective Airway Clearance Anxiety ) 

 

Asthma   Planning: *Patient maintains optimal breathing patt patter er,, AEB relaxed breathing, normal respiratory rate/pattern, and absence of dyspnea *Patient will be to demonstrate proper use of albuterol inhaler  *Patient verbalizes knowledge of disease and its management  management 

 

Asthma   *Keep HoganInterventions: in High Fowler’s Fowler ’s position position   This position allows for adequate diaphragm excursion and  lung expanasion. *Encourage the patient to cough. Especially after  treatments. Teach effective coughing. Controlled coughing techniques help mobilize secretions from smaller airways to larger airways. *Encourage slow deep breathing. Instruct the patient to use pursed-lip for exhalation. I nstruct time breathing so breathing that exhalation takes 2 toInstruct 3 times to as long as inspiration. Pursed lip breathing during exhalation produces a positive destedning pressure whitin the bronchioles, which facilites expiratiory airflow by helping to keep the bronchioles open. Prolong expiration prevents air trapping.

 

Asthma References Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. (201 (2011). 1). Nursing Care Plans (7th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby. Mosby.  Timby, B., &thSmith, N. (2010). Introductory to Medical Surgical Nursing   (10 ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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