http://anahitad.wordpress.com Basic Persian Lesson 1 câh
well
âb
water
dârad
has
ân
that
1. ân câh ast
that is a well
2. ân âb ast
that is water
3. câh âb darad
a well has water
4. âb âbi ast
water is blue
5. ân âb âbi ast
that water is blue
6. ân âbe câh ast
that is well water
jâ
place
pâ
foot
bu
smell
dud
smoke
zud
early
âmad
he/she came
1. u jâ dârad
he/she has a place
2. u pâ dârad
he/she has foot
3. dud bu dârad
the smoke has smell
4. âb âbi ast
the water is blue
5. u zud âmad
he/she came early
Exercise 1.1 1. Learn the pronunciations of “a” and “â” by pronouncing them aloud. 2. Learn the meaning of the above Persian words and pronounce them aloud. 3. Copy the above example sentences five times.
Forming Interrogative Sentences For forming an interrogative sentence add the word “âyâ” in the beginning of a declarative one. For a positive answer to an interrogative sentence, use the word “bale” and for a negative answer use the word “na”.
1. Remember the pronunciation of “o” in the word “do (two)”. Pronounce this word several times. 2. Learn these combinations and make others similar to them: “abe câh” “kâre mâ” “do guš” 3. Put the following declarative sentences into interrogative: 1. u yek sag dârad
3. âya asb dom dârad? 4. âyâ in sag do guš dârad? 5. âyâ in labe man ast? 6. âyâ in dar ast? 7. âyâ in dars, âsân ast? 8. âyâ man zud âmadam? 9. âyâ kâre mâ âsân ast? 10. âyâ man do pâ dâram? The plural of the majority of nouns is formed by adding "hâ" to the singular and sometimes by adding "ân".
Exercise 4.2
Add “hâ” to the singular nouns below to make them plural: câh
Answer the following questions: Ìóëüòèÿ çûêîâîé ïðîåêò Èëüè Ôðàíêà www.franklang.ru
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1. âyâ šomâ yek qalam dârid?
bale, šomâ yek qalam dârid
2. âyâ u do medâd dârad?
bale, u do medâd dârad
3. âyâ kelâse mâ bozorg ast?
bale, kelâse mâ bozorg ast
4. âyâ man do dasto do pâ dâram?
bale, man do dasto do pâ dâram
5. âyâ man do lab dâram?
bale, man do lab dâram
6. âyâ šomâ zud be kelâs âmadid?
bale, šomâ zud be kelâs âmadid
7. âya šomâ do dast dârid?
bale, šomâ do dast dârid
8. âyâ šomâ do guš dârid?
bale, šomâ do guš dârid
9. âyâ asb dom dârad?
bale, asb dom dârad
10. âyâ in daste man ast?
bale, in daste man ast
11. âyâ ân ketâbe man ast?
bale, ân ketâbe man ast
12. âyâ sag dom dârad?
bale, sag dom dârad
13. âyâ šomâ do pâ dârid?
bale, šomâ do pâ dârid
14. âyâ šomâ do cašm dârid?
bale, šomâ do cašm dârid
15. âyâ daste u kucak ast?
bale, daste u kucak ast
16. âyâ daste man bozorg ast?
bale, daste man bozorg ast
17. âyâ medâde man âbi ast?
bale, medâde man âbi ast
18. âyâ man do guš dâram?
bale, man do guš dâram
19. âyâ man do dast dâram?
bale, man do dast dâram
20. âyâ dars âsân ast?
bale, dars âsân ast
Negative Form of the Verbs The prefixes “na” or “ne” make the verbs negative: Examples: dâram — nadâram raft — naraft miravam — nemiravam There is a special case for the word “ast” (is). To make it negative the prefix “ni” is added instead of “na” at the beginning: Example: ast — nist
Exercise 5.2
Change the following positive sentences into negative: Ìóëüòèÿ çûêîâîé ïðîåêò Èëüè Ôðàíêà www.franklang.ru
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1. in dars âsân ast
in dars âsân nist
2. kâre mâ âsân ast
kâre mâ âsân nist
3. ân câh âb dârad
ân câh âb nadârad
4. u do asb dârad
u do asb nadârad
5. in asbe ust
in asbe u nist
6. man do ketâb dâram
man do ketâb nadâram
7. u be kelâs raft
u be kelâs naraft
8. man se qalam dâram
man se qalam nadâram
9. šomâ do ketâb dârid
šomâ do ketâb nadârid
10. man do medâd dâram
man do medâd nadâram
11. ân ketâbe ust
an ketâbe u nist
12. man be kelâs raftam
man be kelâs naraftam
Numbers 1. yek
one
2. do
two
3. se
three
4. cahâr
four
5. panj
five
6. šeš
six
7. haft
seven
8. hašt
eight
9. noh
nine
10. dah
ten
Sentences 1. man dah ketâb dâram
I have ten books
2. u hašt qalam dârad
he has eight pens
3. âyâ šoma yek ketâb dârid?
do you have a book?
4. man šeš ketâbe âbi dâram
I have six blue books
5. u haft medâde âbi nadârad
he/she does not have seven blue pencils
6. mâ cahâr sag nadârim
we do not have four dogs
Combinations do pâ - panj câh - noh dars - haft asb - cahâr ketâb - šeš medâd - se xâne - hašt sag
Answer the following questions: 1. Emruz cand šanbe ast? 2. Diruz cand šanbe bud? 3. Hafte cand ruz ast? 4. Yek ruz cand sâat ast? 5. Yek sâat cand daqiqe ast? 6. Yek daqiqe cand sâniye ast? 7. Âyâ šomâ ruzhaye Došanbe be dânešgâh miravid? 8. Âyâ šomâ ruzhâye Jom’e dar xâne hastid? 9. Yek sâl cand ruz ast? 10. Yek sâl cand hafte ast?
Exercise 13.3
Find the negative form of the following sentences: 1. Emruz sâate hašt az xâne be bâzâr raftam. 2. Az bâzâr kâqazo medâdo qalam xaridam. 3. Sâate noh az bâzâr be xâne âmadam. 4. Dar xâne darse kelâs râ bâ medâd neveštam. 5. Sâate daho nim az xâne be dânešgâh raftam. 6. Sâate yâzdah ostâde mâ âmad. 7. Šâgerdân va ostâd be kelâs raftand. 8. Dar kelâs ostâd dars râ ruye taxteye syâh nevešt. 9. Mâ ham dars râ bâ medâd ruye kâqaz neveštim.
Put the following words in the right order: 1. dar - Tehrân - nabudam - pârsâl 2. emsâl - az Tehrân - tâbestân - miravam - be Espahân 3. cahâr - yek - fasl - sâl - ast 4. dar - xâne - sâat - hastam - yek 5. sâat - dišab - xâbidam - noh 6. in âsântar - diruz - dars - az - ast - dars 7. yek - se - mâh - fasl - ast 8. diruz - ketâb - dah - bâzâr - az - xaridam 9. in - hafte - dânešgâh - sobhhâ - dar - dâram - kâr 10. man - sâat - sobhhâ - hašt - xâne - dar - nistam
Lesson 16 Mâhhâye sâl
The months of the year
Farvardin
Mehr
Ordibehešt
Âbân
Xordâd
Âzar
Tir
Dey
Amordâd
Bahman
Šahrivar
Espand Nowruz
Iranian new year
garm
warm
sard
cold
havâ
air/weather
1. Farvardin, Ordibehešt, Xordâd, se mâhe bahâr hastand.
Farvardin, Ordibehešt, and Xordâd are the 3 months of spring.
2. Tir, Amordâd, Šahrivar, se mâhe Tâbestân hastand.
Tir, Amordâd, and Šahrivar, are the 3 months of summer.
3. Dey, Bahman, Espand, se mâhe zemestân hastand.
Dey, Bahman, and Espand, are the 3 months of winter
home. Har ruz sobh pedaram be dânešgâh miravad, va dar ânjâ dars midahad ammâ mâdaram dar xâne asto kârhâye xâne râ mikonad.
Every morning my father goes to the university and teaches there, but my mother is at home taking care of the house work.
Man se xâharo do barâdar dâram.
I have three sisters and two brothers.
Xaharâne man har se az man kucaktarand.
My sisters are all younger than me.
Yeki az xâharâne man šowhar dârad.
One of my sisters has a husband.
Do xâhare digare man dar xâneye pedaro mâdaram hastand.
My two other sisters live at home with my parents.
Barâdarâne man har do az man bozorgtar hastand va dar xâneye xodašân hastand.
My brothers are all older than me and live in their own homes.
Man har ruz be dânešgâh miravamo dar ânjâ dars mixânam.
I go to the university every day and study there.
Ruzhâye Jom’e ostâdân be dânešgâh nemiyâyand, man ham be ânjâ nemiravam.
On Fridays the professors do not go to the university and I do not go there either.
Dar dânešgâhe mâ zanâno mardân, doxtarâno pesarân bâ ham dars mixânand.
In our university women and men, girls and boys all study together.
Exercise 19.1
Give negative and positive answers to the following questions: 1. Âyâ šomâ har ruz be dânešgâh miravid? 2. Âyâ pedare šomâ dar dânešgâh dars midahad? 3. Âyâ šomâ barâdar dârid? 4. Âyâ šomâ xâhar dârid? 5. Âyâ barâdare šomâ az šomâ bozorgtar ast? 6. Âyâ xâhare šomâ az šomâ kucaktar ast? 7. Âyâ xâhare šomâ dar xâneye pedaratân ast? 8. Âyâ barâdare bozorge šomâ kâr mikonad? 9. Âyâ xâhare kucake šomâ dar xâne ast? 10. Âyâ xâhare bozorge šomâ šowhar dârad?
Exercise 19.2
Make sentences out of the following words: 1. man - pedare - dar - xâne - nist - ruzhâ 2. dar - mâdaram - xâne - mikonad - kâr 3. mâdar - besyâr - bozorgtar - va - pedaram - az - man - hastand 4. az - xâharâne - yeki - šowhar - man - dârad
5. yeki - xâharân - kâr - man - az - xâne - râ - mikonad - e
Exercise 19.3
Learn the following pronouns: pedaram = my father
pedaramân = our father
pedarat = your father
pedaratân = your father
pedaraš = his/her father
pedarašân = their father
xodam = myself
xodamân = ourselves
xodat = yourself
xodatân = yourselves
xodaš = himself/herself
xodašân = themselves
ketâbe xodam = my own book
ketâbe xodamân = our own book
ketâbe xodat = your own book
ketâbe xodatân = your own book
ketâbe xodaš = his/her own book
ketâbe xodašân = their own book
Exercise 19.4
Correct these sentences: 1. išân az xâne be bâzâr raft. 2. man emruz sobh dar xâne hast. 3. u diruz be dânešgâh miravad. 4. pedare man az man kucaktar ast. 5. man az mâdaram bozorgtar hastam.
Sâate hafte sobh barâye xordane sobhâne be otâqe nâhârxori miravim.
At seven o'clock we go to the dining room to have breakfast.
Barâye xordane nâhâr va šâm hameye mâ dasthâye xodemân râ mišuyim, pas az ân be otâqe nâhârxori barâye xordane xorâk miravim.
We wash our hands before lunch and dinner, then we go into the dining room to have our meals.
Pas az xordane nâhâr dobâre har yek be sare kâre After having lunch we return to our work. xod miravim. Šabhâ do sâat pas az xordane šâm hameye mâ mixâbim.
Every night we go to bed two hours after dinner.
Exercise 21.1
Write five simple sentences about your family. Exercise 21.2
Use each of the following words in simple sentences: 1. bozorgtar
2. haryek
3. hame
4. šostam
5. mard
6. bidâr šodam
7. âšpazxâne
8. otâqe nowkar
9. pazirâyi kardam
10. sobhâne
Exercise 21.3
Answer these questions: 1. Sobhhâ ce sâati az xâb bidâr mišavid? 2. Šabhâ ce sâati mixâbid? 3. Nâhâr râ ce sâati mixorid? 4. Ce sâati šâm mixorid? 5. Sobhhâ ce sâati sare kâr miravid? 6. Âyâ šomâ âšpaz dârid, yâ xodatân âšpazi mikonid? 7. Xâneye šomâ cand otâq dârad? 8. Šabi cand sâat mixâbid? 9. Âyâ šomâ šabhâ dir mixâbid? 10. Zemestân râ bištar dust dârid yâ tâbestân râ?
Their mother stays at home, cleans the house, and cooks meals for them.
Pariyo Kuroš pas az in ke kâre xod râ tamâm kardand be ašpazxâne miravando be mâdarašân komak mikonand.
Pari and Kurosh go to the kitchen after finishing their work and help out their mother.
Exercise 22.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Âyâ Pari xâhare Kuroš ast? 2. Âyâ Kuroš barâdare Pari ast? 3. Pari dar ce kelâsi ast? 4. Kuroš dar ce kelâsi ast? 5. Kuroš cand sâl bozorgtar an Pari ast? 6. Dar dabestân ce mixânand? 7. Âyâ šabhâ Kuroš be Pari komak mikonad? 8. Pedarašân ce sâati be sare kar miravad? 9. Ce sâati pedarašân be xâne bar migardad? 10. Madarašân dar xâne ce mikonad?
Write the infinitive of five different verbs. Exercise 22.3
Conjugate the present tense of the verb “budan”. Exercise 22.4
Conjugate the past tense of the verb “xordan”. Exercise 22.5
Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Man u râ didam. 2. Ostâd dar kelâs dars midahad. 3. Sâate hašto nim šâgerdân dar kelâs budand. 4. Mâdaram diruz be bâzâr raft. 5. Pedare šomâ dišab be xâneye mâ âmad.
Pari and Kurosh told their father last night: “Our school will open on Wednesday and you have not yet bought us any books, notebooks, pencils and papers.”
Pedarašân goft: “Fardâ ke Došanbe ast hame bâ ham be bâzâr xâhim raft”.
Their father said: “Tomorrow is Monday and we will all go to the market together”.
Bacehâ besyâr xošhâl šodando be otâqe xâbe xod raftand.
The children became happy and went to their rooms.
Fardâ sobhe zud har do az xâb bidâr šodando pedaro mâdar râ bidâr kardand.
The next day they woke up early and awakened their mother and father.
Pas az xordane sobhâne piyâde be bâzâr raftand.
After having breakfast they left for the market.
Dar xiyâbânhâ daste Pari dar daste mâdar, va daste Kuroš dar daste pedar bud.
In the streets Pari's hand was in her mother's and Kurosh's was in his father's.
Pas az nim sâat be bâzâr rasidand.
They reached the market after half hour.
Pedar barâye har do ketâb, daftar, qalam, medâdo kâqaz xarid.
Their father bought books, notebooks, pens, pencils, and papers for both of them.
Pari goft: “Pedar jân, man yek kif mixâham”.
Pari said: “Dear father, I want a school bag”.
Pedar barâye Pari yek kife qahveiyo barâye Kuroš yek kife siyâh xarid.
Their father bought a brown school bag for Pari and a black one for Kurosh.
Išân ketâb, daftar, qalam, medâdo kâqaze xod râ dar kifhâyašân gozâštando be xâne âmadand.
They put their books, notebooks, pens, pencils, and papers in their bags and came home.
Exercise 23.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Ce ruzi Pariyo Kuroš bâ pedarašân be bâzâr raftand? 2. Âyâ šomâ bâzâre Tehrân râ dideid? 3. Âyâ Pariyo Kuroš piyâde be bâzâr raftand? 4. Pas az cand sâat be bâzâr rasidand? 5. Âyâ dar xiyâbânhâ daste Pari dar daste mâdaraš bud? 6. Âyâ pedar barâye har do ketâb, daftar, medâdo qalam xarid? 7. Pari be pedar ce goft? 8. Âyâ kife Pari qahvei bud? 9. Âyâ kife Kuroš siyâh bud? 8. Âyâ Pariyo Kuroš ketâbo daftare xod râ dar kife xod gozâštand?
Exercise 23.2
Write the equivalent of the following words in English: 1. havâ
7. Sobhhâ ce sâati az xâne birun miravid? 8. Âyâ šomâ sobhhâ dir be xâne bar migardid? 9. Âyâ šomâ be dustâne xod ke dar Irân nistand nâme minevisid? 10. Âyâ šomâ pâsoxe nâmehâ râ zud minevisid?
Exercise 24.2
Conjugate the future tense of the verb: To Go = “Raftan” Exercise 24.3
Conjugate the perfect tense of the verb: To See = “Didan” Exercise 24.4
Âqâye Edvârd Jânson va âqâye Yegâne bâ ham dust hastand.
Mr. Edward Johnson and Mr. Yeganeh are friends.
Âqâye Yegâne be mâ goft: “Emruz sobh sâate haft bâ yek tâksi az šahr be forudgâhe Mehrâbâd raftam.
Mr. Yeganeh told us: “This morning at seven o'clock I took a taxi from the city to the Mehrabad airport.
Âqâye Edvârd Jânson, yeki az dustâne man, az Nyu York be Tehrân miyâmad.
One of my friends, Mr. Edward Johnson, was arriving in Tehran from New York.
Yek rob’ be hašt, yek havâpeymâye Âmrikâyi be zamin nešast, duste man dar in havâpeymâ bud.
At quarter to eight, an American airplane landed, and my friend was on board.
Dare havâpeymâ bâz šod. Mosâferân hame be gomrok raftand.
The airplane door opened. All passengers went through customs.
Pas az nim sâat birun âmadand.
They came out after a half hour.
Duste man ham birun âmad, bâ u dast dâdamo hâle u râ porsidam.
My friend came out as well, I shook his hand and greeted him.
Barâdare man ham be forudgâh âmade bud tâ duste marâ bebinad. Bâ xordove u be šahr âmadim.
My brother had also come to the airport to see my friend. We left for the city in his car.
Âqâye Jânson yek hafte dar Tehrân mimânado dar Mr. Johnson will stay in Tehran for a week, as a xâneye mâ mehmân ast. guest in our home. Mâ az u pazirâyi xâhim kard.
We will entertain him.
Dar in hafte be jâhâye didaniye šahre Tehrân xâhim raft.
This week we will visit the interesting sights of the city of Tehran.
Pas az yek hafte u be šahrhâye digare Irân xâhad raft.”
After a week he will visit other cities around Iran.”
Exercise 25.1
Answer these questions: 1. Âqâye Jânson az kodâm šahr be Tehrân âmad? 2. Âqâye Jânson bâ otomobil be Tehrân âmad? 3. Âyâ âqâye Jânson bâ havâpeymâye Âmrikâyi be Tehrân âmad? 4. Ce sâati havâpeymâ be zamin nešast? 5. Mosaferân az havâpeymâ be kojâ raftand? 6. Âqâye Jânson dar Tehrân mehmâne kist? 7. Âqâye Jânson ce moddat dar Tehrân xâhad mand? 8. U pas az yek hafte be kojâ xâhad raft? 9. Âyâ Âqâye Jânson be jâhâye didaniye šahre Tehrân xâhad raft? 10. Âqâye Jânson bâ xodrove ke be šahr âmad?
Conjugate the perfect tense of the verbs: “Dâdan” = To Give, “Gereftan” = To Take Exercise 25.3
Translate the following sentences into Persian: 1. What day is it today? 2. Today is Tuesday. 3. What day was yesterday? 4. Yesterday was Monday. 5. What day will tomorrow be? 6. Tomorrow will be Wednesday. 7. It was cold yesterday. 8. It was warm in summertime. 9. It is cold in winter. 10. It was cloudy last night.
Lesson 26 be suye
towards
zang zadan
to ring
sedâ zadan
to call
rušuyi
lavatory
avaz kardan
to change
taxte xâb
bed
jâmedân
suitcase
andar/andarun šodan
to enter
râhnamâyi kardan
to guide
xošâmad goftan
to welcome
nešân
to show
anjâm dâdan
to finish
eškâf
closet
hammâm
bathroom
Xâneye Âqâye Yegâne dar xiyâbâne Taxte Jamšid ast.
Mr. Yeganeh's house is on Takht-e Jamshid Avenue.
Xodrove barâdaraš jelove xâne istâd.
His brother's automobile stopped in front of the house.
Everyone left so that Mr. Johnson could wash up and change his clothes.
Pas az yek sâat Âqâye Jânson kârhâye xod râ anjâm dâdo duste xod Âqaye Yegâne râ sedâ zad. Har do be otâqe pazirâyi raftando ânjâ nešastand.
After an hour Mr. Johnson was finshed, and called his friend Mr. Yeganeh. They both went to the livingroom and sat there.
Exercise 26.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Xâneye Âqâye Yegâne kojâst? ( kojâ ast?) 2. Ke zange xâne râ zad? 3. Ke dar râ bâz kard? 4. Ke be Âqâye Jânson taârof kard? 5. Ke naxost andarune xâne šod? 6. Ke Âqâye Jânson râ be otâq râhnamâyi kard? 7. Xânome Yegâne be Âqâye Jânson ce goft va be u ce nešân dâd? 8. Ke jâmedânhâye Âqâye Jânson râ âvard? 9. Nowkar jâmedânhâ râ kojâ gozâšt? 10. Pas az ce moddati Âqâye Jânson kârhâye xod râ anjâm dâd? 11. Âqâye Jânson ke râ sedâ zad? 12. Âqâye Jânsono Âqâye Yegâne be kojâ raftando ce kardand?
Exercise 26.2
Make a sentence with each of the following words: 1. xâne 2. xiyâbân
Correct the following sentences: 1. Man Âqâye Yegâne râ dar xiyâban did. 2. Âqâye Jânson mehmânhâye Âqâye. 3. Havâpeymâ sâate hašt be zamin nešastand. 4. U daste xod râ dar kelâs nadidand. 5. Sâate nohe šab posti nâmeyi barâye man âvardi. 6. Barâdaram nâme râ dar sandoqe post andâxtam. 7. Yeki az dustâne man yek mâh ast ke be Landan râfteand. 8. Xâharam dusti dar šahre Tehrân dârid. 9. Pedaram sobhhâ sâate hašt az xâne birun miravad. 10. Mâ kami zabâne Pârsi midânam.
Exercise 26.4
Learn the different parts of the following verbs: Infinitive
Pas az ân yek širini ham bardâšto kenâre na’lbaki gozâšt.
Then he picked up a sweet and placed it on the saucer.
Âqâvo xânome Yegâne ham câyo širiniye xod râ bardâštand va nowkar az otâq birun raft.
Mr. and Mrs. Yeganeh took their tea and sweets and the servant left the room.
Mehmâno do mizbân cây mixordando gap mizadand.
The guest and the two hosts drank tea and talked.
Exercise 27.1
Without referring to the translation tell what you read in your own words. Exercise 27.2
Answer the following questions with complete sentences: 1. Âqâye Jânson va Âqâye Yegâne aknun dar kojâ nešasteand? 2. Âqâye Jânsono Âqâye Yegâne ce mikonand? 3. Âya Xânome Yegâne jâmevo kafšhâvo jurâbhâye xod râ avaz kard? 4. Hangâmi ke âqâye Jânsono Âqâye Yegâne, Xânome Yegâne râ didand ce kardand? 5. Hangâmi ke Xânome Yegâne nešast išân ce kardand? 6. Nowkare xâne ce âvard? 7. Nowkare xâne câyo širini râ piše ke bord? 8. Âqâye Jânson ce bar dâšt? 9. Âqâye Jânson dar fenjâne cây ce andâxt? 10. Âqâye Jânson širini râ kojâ gozâšt?
Exercise 27.3
Put all the verbs in the sentences into present tense. Exercise 27.4
Translate the following sentences into English: 1. In doxtare man ast. 2. Doxtare man yâzdah sâle ast. 3. Pesare šomâ cand sâle ast? 4. Emruz havâ besyâr sard ast. 5. Âyâ šomâ dar Tehrân zendegi mikonid? 6. Yeki az barâdarâne man dar Espahân zendegi mikonad. 7. Dišab dir be xâne raftam.
Mr. Yeganeh asked the old man for his name, the old man replied: “My name is Kurosh”.
Pas az rasidan be xâne zane Kuroš išân râ be After reaching the house, Kurosh's wife directed otâqi râhnamâyi kardo pas az nim sâat cây âmâde them to a room and after a half hour prepared tea kardo barâye išân âvard. and brought it inside. Išân pas az xordane cây dar deh gardeš kardand.
They browsed around village after drinking their teas.
Âqâye Jânson goft: “Xânehâye deh mânande xânehâye šahr bozorgo zibâ nistand va kuce ham tango nâpâk ast”.
Mr. Johnson said: “The village houses are not as large and beautiful as the one's in the city, and the alley is narrow and dirty”.
Pas az dah daqiqe az deh birun raftando be keštzâr rasidand.
After ten minutes they left the village and reached a field.
Bištare zaminhâ râ gandomo jow kâšte budand.
Most of the field was planted with barley and wheat.
Dehnešinân az gâv, guspand, boz, xar, asb, morqo xorus negahdâri mikonand, zirâ in janvarân sudmand hastand.
The villagers take care of cows, sheep, goats, donkeys, horses, hens and cocks, because these are useful animals.
Exercise 28.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Âqâye Yegâne bâ ke az Tehrân birun raft? 2. Ce ruzi Âqâye Yegâne az Tehrân birun raft? 3. Pas az cand sâat be deh rasidand? 4. Ce kasâni dowre mâšin gerd âmadand? 5. Ke išân râ be xâneye xod da’vat kard? 6. Âyâ išân be xâneye an pirmard raftand? 7. Nâme ân pirmard ce bud? 8. Zane Kuroš ce kard? 9. Išân pas az xordane cây ce kardand? 10. Âqâye Jânson dar bâreye xânehâye deh ce goft?
11. Âqâye Jânson dar bâreye kucehâye deh ce goft? 12. Âqâye Yegânevo digarân az deh ke birun raftand be kojâ rasidand? 13. Dar zaminhâ bištar ce kâšte budand? 14. Jânvarâni râ ke dar deh budand nâm bebarid? 15. Âyâ gâvo guspand sudmand hastand?
Exercise 28.2
Make a sentence for each of the following words: 1. deh
5. rasidan
9. sudmand
2. pir
6. râhnamâyi kardan
10. bozorgtar
3. da’vat
7. šahr
4. nâm
8. daqiqe
Exercise 28.3
Explain what you read in your own words without refering to the previous pages. Exercise 28.4
Put the sentences you created in Exercise 28.2 into negative. Exercise 28.5
Asre Âdine Âqâye Yegânevo hamrâhân az gardeš bar gaštand va sâlem be xâne rasidand.
Mr. Yeganeh and companions returned home fine on Friday evening.
Hame barâye xordane cây be otâqe pazirâyi raftand.
They all went to the livingroom for tea.
Âqâye Jânson be xânevâdeye Yegâne goft: “Man dar xâneye šomâ besyâr âsude hastamo dar injâ be man xoš migozarad.
Mr Johnson said to the Yeganeh family: “I am very comfortable at your home and am having a good time.
Vali man bâyad šahrhâye digare Irân râ ham bebinam.
But I have to visit other cities around Iran.
Naxost be šomâle Irân mixâham beravam va Âzarbâyjân, Gilâno Mânzandarân râ bâ Gorgân bebinam.
First I want to go north of Iran and visit Azerbaijan, Gilan, Mazandaran, and Gorgan.
Sepas mixâham safari be xâvare Irân ya’ni xorâsân beravam.
Then I want to take a trip to Khorasan in eastern Iran.
Pas az ân be baxšhâye jonubiye Irân mânande Kermân, Ba1ucestân, Pârso Xuzestân xâham raft va safari ham be bâxtare Irân xâham kard tâ Kordestân râ bebinam.
Then I will visit the southern regions like Kerman, Baluchistan, Pars and Khuzistan, and also take a trip to see Kurdistan in western Iran.
Sepas šahrhâye markazi, mânande Qom, Kâšân, Espahâno Arâk râ xâham did, tâ taqriban hameye Irân râ dide bâšam.
Then I will see the cities in the central region, like Qom, Kashan, Espahan and Arak, so that I would have visited the entire Iran.
Man gomân dâram yek ketâbe joqrâfi be zabâne Englisi dar bâreye Irân benevisamo barâye neveštane in ketâb nâcâram baxšhâye gunâgune Irân râ bebinam.
I have in mind to write a geographical book on Iran, and in order to do that I am obliged to visit the different parts of the country.
Tomorrow morning I will say goodby to you all, and leave on this long trip with several of my English friends.
Exercise 29.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Key âqaye Yegâne va hamrâhânaš az safar bar gaštand? 2. Vaqti be xâne rasidand be kodâm otâq raftand? 3. Âyâ Âqâye Jânson dar xâneye Âqâye Yegâne âsude bud va be u xoš migozašt?
Fill in the missing words: 1. Cand ruz ast havâye Tehrân sard .......... ? 2. Diruz hâlam xub .......... va natavânestam be kelâs .......... 3. Emruz be bâzâr .......... va yek .......... kafš .......... 4. Dehnešinân dar .......... zendegi .......... 5. Diruz sâate šešo nim be xâneye šomâ .......... ammâ šoma .......... 6. Dišab .......... abri .......... 7. Espahân yeki az šahrhâye .......... Irân .......... 8. Tâbestânhâ havâye Tehrân .......... 9. Yek hafte .......... ruz .......... 10. Yek sâl .......... ruz ast.
Exercise 29.3
Write the plural form of the following sentences: 1. Man be Espahân raftam. 2. Âyâ barâdare šomâ dar Tehrân ast? 3. Ketâbe man ruye mize šomâ nabud? 4. Kuceye deh tang ast? 5. Man daste xod râ šostam. 6. U pas az xordane nâhâr az xâne birun raft. 7. Pâye man yax karde ast. 8. Šahrnešin dar šahr zendegi mikonad. 9. Sandaliye man qahveyi ast. 10. Daro panjareye in otâq bâz asto havâye otâq sard šode ast.
Gâhi abre siyâhi âsmân râ mipušânad, barq mizanad, sedâye tondar be guš mirasado pas az ân bârâne tondi mibârad, sepas havâ sâf mišavado xoršid dobâre midaraxšad.
Sometimes a dark cloud covers the sky, lightning strikes, and the sound of thunder is heard; then there is a shower and finally it clears and the sun shines again.
Exercise 30.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Âyâ bahâr naxostin fasle sal ast? 2. Havâye in fasl cegune ast? 3. Âyâ havâye in fasl ziyâd garm ast? 4. Havâye ce fasli ziyâd garm ast? 5. Havâye ce fasli ziyâd sard ast? 6. Deraxtâne mive dar ce fasli šokufe mikonand? 7. Âyâ deraxtâne portoqâl, narangiyo limu ham dar bahâr šokufe mikonand? 8. Rudxânehâ dar ce fasli por âb hastand? 9. Kešâvarzan âbe rudxânehâ râ ce mikonand? 10. Sedâye tondar dar ce fasli bištar be guš mirasad?
Translate the following sentences into Persian: 1. My pencil is longer than yours. 2. This room is the largest. 3. This boy is the tallest student in the school. 4. Shahreza is the widest street in Tehran. 5. My hand is bigger than yours. 6. I’m the shortest girl in the class. 7. Mount Damavand is higher than Alvand. 8. Please close this window, I feel a little cold. 9. The people mostly catch cold in winter. 10. This shoe is tight for me.
Kešâvarzân dar pâyiz zamine kešt râ šoxm mizanando gandom mikârand. Gandom kam kam sabz mišavad. Barfe zemestâno bârâne pâyizo bahâr ân râ âbyâri mikonad. Gandom boland mišavad, xuše mikonado dar tâbestan mirasad. Kešâvarz bâ dâs gandom râ derow mikonad, va gandome derow šode râ xarman mikonad, tâ xub xošk šavad. Sepas ân râ mikubad, bâd midahado dânehâ râ az kâhhâ jodâ mikonad. Sepas gandomhâ râ pâk mikonado be âsyâb mibarad. Âsyâbân gandom râ ârd mikonando, ârd râ be nânvâyi mibarad. Xamirgir ân râ xamir mikonado mipazad. Mâ be dokâne nânvâyi miravim, pul midahimo nân mixarim, nân râ be xâne miyâvarimo bâ xorâkhâye gunâgun mixorim.
Exercise 31.1
Explain in your own words what you read. Exercise 31.2
Answer the following questions: 1. Kešâvarz ce hangâm zamin ra šoxm mizanad? 2. Pas az šoxm zadan ce mikonad? 3. Âyâ barfe zemestân barâye gandome xuše šode sudmand ast? 4. Âyâ kešâvarz dar zemestân gandom râ âbyâri mikonad?
Write a sentence for each of the following words: 1. pul
2. xorâk
3. kâh
4. xuše
5. mive
6. nânvâyi
7. âsyâb
8. bârân
9. kam kam
10. xaridan
Exercise 31.4
Put the following words in the right order: 1. dar - Tehrân - šomâl - dânešgâh - ast 2. az - dur - dânešgâh - xâneye - ast - man 3. dišab - xâbidân - bâd - man 4. dišab - xâne - âmadam - dir - be 5. diruz - havâ - sard - šod - asr 6. ast - mz - do - ke - garm - šode ast 7. man - barâdar - pariruz - raft - Espahân - be 8. do - digar - mali - Englestân - be - miravam 9. xâheš - an - panjare - - mikonam - bebandid 10. ostâd - dir - be - mâ - kelâs - âmad
Exercise 31.5
Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Kafšhâye man kohne šodeand, mixâham yek joft kafše now bexaram. 2. Pâye man bozorgo in kafš barâye pâye man tang ast.
3. Agar be bâzâr raftid dah varaqe kâqaz barâye man bexarid. 4. Pesare šomâ dah ruz ast ke be dabestân nemiyâyad. 5. Yeki az dustâne xod râ pârsâl dar Âmrikâ didam.
Lesson 32 âxar
end
miyâne
middle
garmâ
heat
daraje
degree
tan
body
angur
grapes
estaxr
pool
daryâ
sea
šen
sand
foruxte mišavand
they are sold
ta’til
holiday
xonak
cool
otobus
bus
tâlebi
persian melon
garmak
a kind of melon
kenâr
side
šenâ kardan
to swim
hendevâne
water melon
Tâbestân, dovomin fasle sâl ast.
Summer is the second season of the year.
Az âxare bahâr havâ kam kam garm mišavado miyâneye tâbestan havâ besyâr garm ast.
Little by little it starts getting warmer at the end of summer, and the weather is very warm in the middle of summer.
Garmâye Tehrân gâhi be cehel darajeye sântigrâd mirasad.
The temperature in Tehran can sometimes reach forty degrees Celsius.
Dar tâbestân dabestânhâ, dabirestânhâvo dânešgâhhâye Irân ta’til mišavand.
The elementary schools, secondary schools, and universities of Iran close down.
Bištare šâgerdâno ostâdân az Tehrân be šahrhâye digar yâ be jâhâye xonak miravand.
Most students and professors leave Tehran for other cities or cooler places.
Âdinehâvo ruzhâye digar ke ta’til ast mardome Tehrân bâ xodrow yâ otobus be kenâre daryâ miravand.
Fridays and holidays people of Tehran leave for the seaside by car or bus.
Dar šahre Tehrân ham estaxrhâyi barâye šenâ sâxteand va har kas mitavand bâ pule kami az in extaxrhâ bahremand šavad.
There have been pools built in the city of Tehran for swimming and anyone can use these pools for very little money.
Dar in fasl tâlebi, garmak, hendevâne, gilâs, gowje, zardâluvo angurhâye gunâgun mirasando dar bâzâr foruxte mišavand.
In this season there are melons, watermelons, cherries, plums, apricots, and various grapes sold in the market.
Mardom dar fasle tâbestân ziyad mive mixorand.
Everyone eats a lot of fruits in the summertime.
Âxare Šahrivarmâh havâ kam kam ru be xonaki miravado pâyize zibâ âqâz mišavad.
At the end of the month of Shahrivar the weather slowly cools off and the beautiful autumn begins.
Exercise 32.1
Answer the following questions: 1. Kodâm fasl garmtarin fasle sâl ast? 2. Kodâm fasl sardtarin fasle sâl ast? 3. Âyâ dar bahâr havâ molâyem ast? 4. Garmâye Tehrân dar tâbestân be cand daraje mirasad? 5. Barâye ce dabestânhâ va dabirestânhâ dar tâbestân ta’til mišavand? 6. Âyâ šomâ dar tâbestân dar Tehrân mimânid? 7. Mardome Tehrân tâbestânhâ be kojâ miravand? 8. Âyâ šomâ bâ otobus mosâferat kardeid? 9. Âyâ šomâ xub šenâ mikonid? 10. Âyâ šomâ daryâye Mâzandarân ra dideid? 11. Zardâlu ce rang ast? 12. Ce miveyi râ bištar az hame dust dârid? 13. Pâyiz zibâtar ast yâ tâbestân? 14. Tâbestân râ bištar dust dârid yâ zemestân râ? 15. Key havâ ru be xonaki miravad?
Exercise 32.2
Name the months of the year. Exercise 32.3
Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Man emruz xasteam va nemitavânam dars bexânam. 2. Darshâye Pârsi kam kam došvâr mišavand. 3. Emruz sardtar az diruz ast. 4. Xâheš mikonam yek varaqe kâqaz be man bedahid.
5. Diruz hâlam xub nabud va be kelâse Pârsi nayâmadam.
Exercise 32.4 Fill in the missing words: 1. Ostâd bâ .......... ruye taxteye syâh nevešt. 2. Man bâ .......... taxteye syâh râ pak kardam. 3. Pedaram si sâl az man .......... ast. 4. Man yeke pas az nimruz .......... mixoram. 5. .......... dar deh zendegi mikonad. 6. Havâye bahâr va pâyiz .......... ast. 7. Daryâaye Mâzandarân dar .......... Irân ast. 8. Tehrân pâyetaxt .......... ast. 9. Mâ mitavânim kam .......... Pârsi bexânim. 10. Sobhhâ zud az xâb.......... .
Write five simple sentences about the climate of Iran. Exercise 33.3
Translate the following sentences into Persian: 1. He is an Iranian, but he lives in U.S.A. 2. I learned Persian in Iran. 3. Is this the road to Isfahan? 4. His servant brought a letter for me yesterday. 5. We have studied thirty-three parts of this text.
Conjugation of Verbs Subjunctive mood of the verb: Xordan (To eat) Present
Sepâs xodâ râ ke in ketâb râ pâyân dâdimo aknun mitavânim kami Pârsi râ bexânimo benevisimo harf bezanim.
Thank God that we finished this textbook and can now somewhat read, write, and speak in Persian.
Pârsi zabâne širini asto, har kas mitavânad be âsâni ân râ yâd begirad.
Persian is a nice language, and anyone can easily learn it.
Agar yeki do sâle digar in zabân râ bexânim, mitavânim az ketâbhâyi ke be zabâne Pârsi nevešte šodeand bahre bebarim.
If we continue studying this language for another two years, we would be able to take advantage of the books written in the Persian language.
Šâerâne Irâni še’rhâye ziyâdi be zabâne Pârsi gofteand; dânešmandâne Irâni ketâbhâye ziyâdi dar reštehâye gunâgune dâneš be in zabân nevešteand; dâstânhâye Pârsi širino xândani
Iranian poets have written many poems in Persian; learned Iranians have written various scientific books in this language; Persian stories are nice and worth reading.
Explain the difficulties you had in learning Persian. PERSIAN VERBS Persian verbs like the verbs of English and German languages have three Principal Parts:
I) Present root II) Past root III) Past participle All different tenses of the verbs are derived from the above three parts; and the auxiliary verbs used in conjugating the different tenses are: šodan, budan, xâstan. Let us take the verb “xordan” (to eat) as an example and show its different tenses.
I) Present root: xor II) Past root: xord III) Past participle: xordei I) Verbs Formed from the Present Root: xor 1. Subjunctive Mood Let me eat I may eat If I eat agar bexoram = ( be + xor + im ) agar bexori = ( be + xor + i ) agar bexorad = ( be + xor + ad ) agar bexorim = ( be + xor + im ) agar bexorid = ( be + xor + id ) agar bexorand = ( be + xor + and )
2. Indicative Mood I eat I am eating I shall eat mixoram = ( mi + xor + am ) mixori = ( mi + xor + i )
II) Verbs Formed from the Past Root: xord 3. Indicative mood: Preterite I ate xordam = ( xord + am ) xordi = ( xord + i ) xord xordim = ( xord + im ) xordid = ( xord + id ) xordand = ( xord + and )
4. Indicative mood: Imperfect I was eating/I used to eat mixordam = ( mi + xord + am ) moxordi = ( mi + xord + i ) mixord = ( mi + xord ) mixordim = ( mi + xord + im ) mixordid = ( mi + xord + id ) mixordand = ( mi + xord + and )