BS EN 12062-1998
Content
BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN
12062:1998
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Incorporating
Amendments
Nos.1 and 2
Non-destructive
examination of welds —
General rules for
metallic materials
The European Standard EN 12062:1997, with the incorporation of
amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003, has the status of a British Standard
ICS 25.160.40
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BS EN 12062:1998
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National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12062:1997,
including amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by CEN amendment is
indicated in the text by tags !". Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry
the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN
amendment A1 is indicated by !".
As agreed by CEN/TC 121/SC 5 resolution 134/2000 and in accordance with
amendment A1:2002, the term “examination” has been replaced by “testing”
throughout the document.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;
— present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on
15 January 1998
© BSI 26 March 2004
ISBN 0 580 28699 1
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No
Date
Comments
13986
1 November 2002
See national foreword
14934
26 March 2004
Revision to foreword page and deletion
of Annex ZA
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12062
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 1997
+ A1
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2002
+ A2
December 2003
ICS 25.160.40
Descriptors: Welded joints, steels, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium, alloys, non destructive tests, quality control, weld defects,
qualification, personnel, approved organizations, comparison
English version
Non-destructive examination of welds —
General rules for metallic materials
(includes amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003)
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés —
Règles générales pour les matériaux métalliques
(inclut les amendements A1:2002 et A2:2003)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von
Schweißverbindungen —
Allgemeine Regeln für metallische Werkstoffe
(enthält Änderungen A1:2002 und A2:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-08-02, amendment A1
was approved by CEN on 2002-05-01, and amendment A2 was approved by CEN
on 2003-11-20. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1997 CEN — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN
national Members.
Ref. No. EN 12062:1997 + A1:2002 + A2:2003 E
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EN 12062:1997
Foreword
Foreword to amendment A2
This European Standard has been prepared by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the
Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This document EN 12062:1997/A2:2003 has been
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121,
Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
February 1998, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1998.
This Amendment to the European Standard
EN 12062:1997 shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Foreword to amendment A1
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
the United Kingdom.
This document EN 12062:1997/A1:2002 has been
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121,
Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This amendment to the European Standard
EN 12062:1997 shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
November 2002, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports
essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see
informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
Annex ZA is normative, Annex C and Annex D are
informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
2
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EN 12062:1997
Contents
Page
Foreword
2
1
Scope
5
2
Normative references
5
3
Definitions
6
4
Abbreviations
6
5
Limitations
7
5.1 Stage of manufacture
7
5.2 Extent of testing
7
5.3 Materials
7
6
Personnel qualification
7
7
Testing organization
7
8
Documentation
7
8.1 Documentation prior to testing
7
8.2 Documentation after testing
7
9
Selection of testing method
8
9.1 General
8
9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration
9
9.3 Butt- and T-joints without full penetration
and fillet welds
9
10
Performance of testing
9
10.1 Determination of standard to be applied
9
10.2 Conditions for testing
9
10.3 Time of testing
10
10.4 Non-acceptable indications
10
Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to be
applied
11
Annex B (informative) Classification of
indications
13
Annex C (informative) Extent of testing
14
Annex D (informative) Non-acceptable
indications
14
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EN 12062:1997
1 Scope
Based on quality requirements, material, weld thickness, welding process and extent of testing, this
standard gives guidance for the choice of non-destructive testing methods of welds and evaluation of the
results for quality control purposes.
This standard also specifies general rules and standards to be applied to the different types of testing, for
either the methodology or the acceptance level for metallic materials.
Acceptance levels cannot be a direct interpretation of the quality levels defined in EN 25817 or EN 30042.
They are linked to the overall quality of the produced batch of welds.
Requirements for acceptance levels for non-destructive testing comply with quality levels stated in
EN 25817 or EN 30042 (moderate, intermediate, stringent), only on a general basis and not in detail for
each indication.
This standard can be used by application standards or by agreement between the contracting parties.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles.
EN 571-1, Non-destructive examination — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles.
EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination.
prEN 1289, Non-destructive testing of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels.
prEN 1290,!Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds."
prEN 1291, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle examination of welds — Acceptance levels.
EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic testing of welded joints.
prEN 1711, Non-destructive examination of welds — Eddy current examination by phase discrimination
method.
EN 1712, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints — Acceptance
levels.
prEN 1713, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination — Characterization of
imperfections in welds.
EN 1714, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing of welded joints.
prEN 12517, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints —
Acceptance levels.
EN 25817, Arc-welded joints in steel — Guidance on quality levels for imperfections.
(ISO 5817:1992)
EN 30042, Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its weldable alloys — Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections.
(ISO 10042:1992)
EN 45001, General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories.
!EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
(ISO/IEC 17025)"
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EN 12062:1997
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 testing
testing of a material in accordance with a standard, or a specification, or a procedure
3.2 testing level
degree of thoroughness and selection of parameter settings with which testing method is applied. Different
levels correspond to different sensitivities and/or probabilities of detection. The selection of testing levels
is normally related to the quality requirements
3.3 evaluation level
testing level from which an indication is to be evaluated (see Annex B)
3.4 recording level
testing level from which an indication is to be recorded (see Annex B)
3.5 acceptance level
testing level below which components are accepted (see Annex B)
3.6 testing organization
internal or external organization carrying out the non-destructive testing
3.7 indication
representation or signal from a discontinuity in the format allowed by the non-destructive testing method
used
3.8 internal imperfections
imperfections that are not open to a surface or not directly accessible
3.9 quality level
fixed limits of imperfections corresponding to the expected quality in a weld. The limits are determined
with regard to type of imperfection, their amount and their actual dimensions
3.10 inspection lot
a group of welds (a group can be a part of weld or a full weld or several welds) which would be expected to
show a uniform quality because of the welding procedure applied, material, type of joints, welder,
environmental conditions during execution, time period or other items affecting the quality
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this standard, the abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Abbreviations
Testing method
Eddy current testing
Magnetic particle testing
Penetrant testing
Radiographic testing
Ultrasonic testing
Visual testing
6
Abbreviation
ET
MT
PT
RT
UT
VT
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EN 12062:1997
5 Limitations
5.1 Stage of manufacture
This standard has been prepared for the testing of completed welds (see 10.3). Testing of parent materials
prior to welding or between welding sequences are not covered by this standard. It is, however,
recommended that such testing should be performed in accordance with the referred standards for methods
and acceptance levels.
5.2 Extent of testing
!The extent of testing shall be given in an application standard or defined by specification."
Guidance on random testing is given in Annex C.
5.3 Materials
This standard includes requirements for the testing of fusion welds in the following materials, their alloys
and their combinations:
— steel;
— aluminium;
— copper;
— nickel;
— titanium.
!The use of this standard for other metallic materials shall be defined by specification."
6 Personnel qualification
Personnel performing non-destructive testing and the evaluation of the results for final acceptance of welds
shall be qualified in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent at an appropriate level in the relevant industrial
sector.
7 Testing organization
The testing organization should be organized independently of the production and its activities should be
controlled by a quality assurance system.
!If required, an external organization, which is employed with the inspection, shall be accredited in
accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025."
8 Documentation
8.1 Documentation prior to testing
Prior to testing, all necessary preliminary information required by the testing method standards shall be
provided.
8.1.1 Written procedures
!Testing shall always be performed in accordance with written procedures as required by the standard
for the individual testing method or as defined by specification."
8.1.2 Testing plan
In certain cases, it can be necessary to carry out additional testing including more than one non-destructive
testing method (other than visual testing) or multiple applications of one method. In such cases all methods
used shall be defined in a testing plan, which shall determine the sequence and extent of testing and other
relevant aspects for control of testing and other related activities.
8.2 Documentation after testing
8.2.1 Records of individual testing
All testing shall be recorded as required by the referred standard for the relevant testing method.
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EN 12062:1997
8.2.2 Final report
For each component or group of components, a final report shall contain the information required by the
testing plan and shall as a minimum include:
— reports required by the standards for the individual testing methods;
— identification of the component;
— reference to the individual testing records including status (not inspected, accepted, rejected);
— identification of welds tested and/or reference to documents identifying these welds;
— system for marking of the individual welds and/or reference to documents indicating !the
description of coordinate system used for testing;"
— identification of personnel and organizations that have performed the testing;
— record of deviations from the applied standard regarding testing technique and acceptance levels.
9 Selection of testing method
9.1 General
This standard determines requirements for selection of testing methods for various types of materials and
types of fusion welds. These methods may be used alone or in combination in order to give the required
result.
Before selecting testing methods and levels, the following items should be considered:
— welding processes;
— parent metal, welding consumable and treatment;
— joint type and geometry;
— component configuration (accessibility, surface condition, ...);
— quality levels;
— imperfection type and orientation expected.
Table 2 — Generally accepted methods for detection of accessible surface imperfections for
all types of welds including fillet welds
Materials
Ferritic steel
Testing method
VT
VT and MT
VT and PT
Austenitic steel, aluminium, nickel, copper and
titanium
VT and (ET)
VT
VT and PT
VT and (ET)
( ) Indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.
8
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EN 12062:1997
Table 3 — Generally accepted methods for detection of internal imperfections for
butt- and T-joints with full penetration
Materials and type of joint
Ferritic butt-joints
Ferritic T-joints
Austenitic butt-joints
Austenitic T-joints
Aluminium butt-joints
Aluminium T-joints
Nickel- and copper-alloys butt joints
Nickel- and copper-alloys T-joints
Titanium butt-joints
Titanium T-joints
Thickness in mma
tk8
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
8 < t k 40
RT or UT
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) and/or (RT)
RT or UT
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
RT or (UT)
UT or (RT)
t > 40
UT or (RT)
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
RT or UT
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
( ) indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.
a
Thickness, t, is the nominal thickness of the parent material to be welded.
If necessary, testing methods and levels other than those listed in Annex A may be selected. If an
application standard only requires another selection of methods, testing levels listed in Annex A can be
used as appropriate. Such alterations shall be !defined by specification."
9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration
The generally accepted methods for testing of welds are given in Table 2 for surface imperfections and in
Table 3 for internal imperfections.
9.3 Butt- and T-joints without full penetration and fillet welds
For partial penetration welds and fillet welds the unfused root can prevent satisfactory volumetric testing
when using the methods given in Table 3. In cases where special test methods have not been !defined by
specification", the quality of the weld shall be assured by control of the welding process.
Techniques other than those given in Table 2 and Table 3 can be !defined" for determining the actual
degree of penetration and the dimensions of other imperfection types.
It is recommended that welds in steel with a minimum yield strength above 280 N/mm2, in austenitic steel,
in aluminium, in nickel and copper alloys and in titanium are tested using method(s) in addition to VT in
accordance with Table 2.
10 Performance of testing
10.1 Determination of standard to be applied
See Annex A.
10.2 Conditions for testing
Prior to the testing, the testing personnel shall have access to all information relevant to the object
including:
a) necessary preliminary information required by the standard for the individual testing methods;
b) testing plan, if required;
c) actions to be taken in case of detection of non-conforming welds;
d) responsibility for coordination of the inspection of parts of sub-assemblies manufactured by
subcontractors;
e) time and place of testing.
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EN 12062:1997
10.3 Time of testing
The testing should be carried out after completion of all required heat treatments. Welds in materials
sensitive to hydrogen cracking (e.g. high strength steels) or other time delayed cracking shall not be tested
until the minimum time required after welding is achieved or as !defined by specification."
!If required by specification," special conditions may call for testing prior to final heat treatment or
elapse of a certain time.
If a surface test shall be carried out, it shall be performed prior to any testing for internal imperfections.
10.4 Non-acceptable indications
In the case of detection of non-acceptable indications, the procedure shall be given in the application
standard or !defined by specification."
In case of repair of non-acceptable indications the weld shall normally be tested at least as required for the
original weld.
Further guidance is given in Annex D.
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EN 12062:1997
Annex A (normative)
Rules and standards to be applied
This annex gives the correlation between the quality levels of EN 25817 or EN 30042 and the testing
techniques, testing levels and acceptance levels of non-destructive testing standards.
It shall be noted that the correlations are not quantitative links.
A.1 Visual testing
See Table A.1.
Table A.1 — Visual testing (VT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
1)
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 970
Level not specified
Level not specified
Level not specified
Acceptance levels1)
B
C
D
The acceptance levels for visual testing are equal to the quality levels of EN 25817 or EN 30042.
A.2 Penetrant testing
See Table A.2.
Table A.2 — Penetrant testing (PT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 571-1
Level not specified
Level not specified
Level not specified
Acceptance levels in accordance with
prEN 1289
2X
2X
3X
A.3 Magnetic particle testing
See Table A.3.
Table A.3 — Magnetic particle testing (MT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817
B
C
D
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with prEN 1290
Level not specified
Level not specified
Level not specified
Acceptance levels in accordance with
prEN 1291
2X
2X
3X
A.4 Eddy current testing
See Table A.4.
Table A.4 — Eddy current testing (ET)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
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Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 1711
Level not specified
Acceptance levels
To be !defined by
specification"
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EN 12062:1997
A.5 Radiographic testing
See Table A.5.
Table A.5 — Radiographic testing (RT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
B
B
A
D
1)
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 1435
1)
Acceptance levels in accordance with
prEN 12517
1
2
3
However, the maximum area for a single exposure shall correspond to the requirements of class A of EN 1435.
A.6 Ultrasonic testing of ferritic steels
See Table A.6.
Table A.6 — Ultrasonic testing (UT) of ferritic steels
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 17141)
Acceptance levels in accordance with
EN 1712
At least B
At least A
2
3
Level not applicable2)
Not applicable2)
1)
When characterization of indications is !defined by specification," EN 1713 shall apply.
2)
UT is not recommended but can be !defined by specification" (with the same requirements as quality level C).
12
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EN 12062:1997
Annex B (informative)
Classification of indications
See Figure B.1.
TESTING LEVEL
ACTION
Figure B.1 — Classification of indications
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EN 12062:1997
Annex C (informative)
Extent of testing
If the extent of testing is defined as a part (percentage p %) of an inspection lot the following rules should
apply unless otherwise required:
— each weld in the inspection lot should be tested over a length of minimum p % of the individual length.
The area to be tested should be selected at random;
— if the total length of all the welds in an inspection lot is less than x m (for example x = 1), at least one
weld should be tested in its entire length regardless of the p %;
— if an inspection lot consists of several identical welds with individual length less than x m
(for example x = 1), randomly selected welds with a !minimum total length of p %" of the total length
of all welds in the inspection lot should be tested in their entire length.
Annex D (informative)
Non-acceptable indications
Where a test of a part on an inspection lot reveals non-acceptable indications, the following guidelines for
the extent of additional testing can be used. The testing should be performed on welds executed with the
same parameters which might be the main cause of failure e.g. welder, welding procedure or any other of
the items mentioned in 3.10;
a) two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be given the same type of testing; and
b) if the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by a) are acceptable, the defective item
should be repaired or replaced and re-tested and all items represented by these two additional samples
or areas of the same weld should be accepted; but
c) if any of the samples or areas of the same welds tested as required in a) reveals a non-acceptable
indication, two further samples or areas of the same weld per defective one should be tested; and
d) if the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by c) are acceptable, the defective item(s)
should be repaired or replaced and re-tested and all items represented by the additional samples or areas
of the same weld should be accepted; but
e) if any of the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by c) reveals a non-acceptable
indication, all items represented by the progressive sampling should be either:
1) repaired or replaced and re-tested as required; or
2) fully tested and repaired or replaced as necessary, and re-tested.
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BS EN
12062:1998
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BS EN
12062:1998
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Incorporating
Amendments
Nos.1 and 2
Non-destructive
examination of welds —
General rules for
metallic materials
The European Standard EN 12062:1997, with the incorporation of
amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003, has the status of a British Standard
ICS 25.160.40
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 12062:1998
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National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12062:1997,
including amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by CEN amendment is
indicated in the text by tags !". Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry
the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN
amendment A1 is indicated by !".
As agreed by CEN/TC 121/SC 5 resolution 134/2000 and in accordance with
amendment A1:2002, the term “examination” has been replaced by “testing”
throughout the document.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;
— present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on
15 January 1998
© BSI 26 March 2004
ISBN 0 580 28699 1
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No
Date
Comments
13986
1 November 2002
See national foreword
14934
26 March 2004
Revision to foreword page and deletion
of Annex ZA
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12062
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 1997
+ A1
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2002
+ A2
December 2003
ICS 25.160.40
Descriptors: Welded joints, steels, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium, alloys, non destructive tests, quality control, weld defects,
qualification, personnel, approved organizations, comparison
English version
Non-destructive examination of welds —
General rules for metallic materials
(includes amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003)
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés —
Règles générales pour les matériaux métalliques
(inclut les amendements A1:2002 et A2:2003)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von
Schweißverbindungen —
Allgemeine Regeln für metallische Werkstoffe
(enthält Änderungen A1:2002 und A2:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-08-02, amendment A1
was approved by CEN on 2002-05-01, and amendment A2 was approved by CEN
on 2003-11-20. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1997 CEN — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN
national Members.
Ref. No. EN 12062:1997 + A1:2002 + A2:2003 E
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EN 12062:1997
Foreword
Foreword to amendment A2
This European Standard has been prepared by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the
Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This document EN 12062:1997/A2:2003 has been
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121,
Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
February 1998, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1998.
This Amendment to the European Standard
EN 12062:1997 shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Foreword to amendment A1
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
the United Kingdom.
This document EN 12062:1997/A1:2002 has been
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121,
Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This amendment to the European Standard
EN 12062:1997 shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
November 2002, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports
essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see
informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
Annex ZA is normative, Annex C and Annex D are
informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
2
© BSI 26 March 2004
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EN 12062:1997
Contents
Page
Foreword
2
1
Scope
5
2
Normative references
5
3
Definitions
6
4
Abbreviations
6
5
Limitations
7
5.1 Stage of manufacture
7
5.2 Extent of testing
7
5.3 Materials
7
6
Personnel qualification
7
7
Testing organization
7
8
Documentation
7
8.1 Documentation prior to testing
7
8.2 Documentation after testing
7
9
Selection of testing method
8
9.1 General
8
9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration
9
9.3 Butt- and T-joints without full penetration
and fillet welds
9
10
Performance of testing
9
10.1 Determination of standard to be applied
9
10.2 Conditions for testing
9
10.3 Time of testing
10
10.4 Non-acceptable indications
10
Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to be
applied
11
Annex B (informative) Classification of
indications
13
Annex C (informative) Extent of testing
14
Annex D (informative) Non-acceptable
indications
14
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4
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EN 12062:1997
1 Scope
Based on quality requirements, material, weld thickness, welding process and extent of testing, this
standard gives guidance for the choice of non-destructive testing methods of welds and evaluation of the
results for quality control purposes.
This standard also specifies general rules and standards to be applied to the different types of testing, for
either the methodology or the acceptance level for metallic materials.
Acceptance levels cannot be a direct interpretation of the quality levels defined in EN 25817 or EN 30042.
They are linked to the overall quality of the produced batch of welds.
Requirements for acceptance levels for non-destructive testing comply with quality levels stated in
EN 25817 or EN 30042 (moderate, intermediate, stringent), only on a general basis and not in detail for
each indication.
This standard can be used by application standards or by agreement between the contracting parties.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles.
EN 571-1, Non-destructive examination — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles.
EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination.
prEN 1289, Non-destructive testing of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels.
prEN 1290,!Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds."
prEN 1291, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle examination of welds — Acceptance levels.
EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic testing of welded joints.
prEN 1711, Non-destructive examination of welds — Eddy current examination by phase discrimination
method.
EN 1712, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints — Acceptance
levels.
prEN 1713, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination — Characterization of
imperfections in welds.
EN 1714, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing of welded joints.
prEN 12517, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints —
Acceptance levels.
EN 25817, Arc-welded joints in steel — Guidance on quality levels for imperfections.
(ISO 5817:1992)
EN 30042, Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its weldable alloys — Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections.
(ISO 10042:1992)
EN 45001, General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories.
!EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
(ISO/IEC 17025)"
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EN 12062:1997
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 testing
testing of a material in accordance with a standard, or a specification, or a procedure
3.2 testing level
degree of thoroughness and selection of parameter settings with which testing method is applied. Different
levels correspond to different sensitivities and/or probabilities of detection. The selection of testing levels
is normally related to the quality requirements
3.3 evaluation level
testing level from which an indication is to be evaluated (see Annex B)
3.4 recording level
testing level from which an indication is to be recorded (see Annex B)
3.5 acceptance level
testing level below which components are accepted (see Annex B)
3.6 testing organization
internal or external organization carrying out the non-destructive testing
3.7 indication
representation or signal from a discontinuity in the format allowed by the non-destructive testing method
used
3.8 internal imperfections
imperfections that are not open to a surface or not directly accessible
3.9 quality level
fixed limits of imperfections corresponding to the expected quality in a weld. The limits are determined
with regard to type of imperfection, their amount and their actual dimensions
3.10 inspection lot
a group of welds (a group can be a part of weld or a full weld or several welds) which would be expected to
show a uniform quality because of the welding procedure applied, material, type of joints, welder,
environmental conditions during execution, time period or other items affecting the quality
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this standard, the abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Abbreviations
Testing method
Eddy current testing
Magnetic particle testing
Penetrant testing
Radiographic testing
Ultrasonic testing
Visual testing
6
Abbreviation
ET
MT
PT
RT
UT
VT
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EN 12062:1997
5 Limitations
5.1 Stage of manufacture
This standard has been prepared for the testing of completed welds (see 10.3). Testing of parent materials
prior to welding or between welding sequences are not covered by this standard. It is, however,
recommended that such testing should be performed in accordance with the referred standards for methods
and acceptance levels.
5.2 Extent of testing
!The extent of testing shall be given in an application standard or defined by specification."
Guidance on random testing is given in Annex C.
5.3 Materials
This standard includes requirements for the testing of fusion welds in the following materials, their alloys
and their combinations:
— steel;
— aluminium;
— copper;
— nickel;
— titanium.
!The use of this standard for other metallic materials shall be defined by specification."
6 Personnel qualification
Personnel performing non-destructive testing and the evaluation of the results for final acceptance of welds
shall be qualified in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent at an appropriate level in the relevant industrial
sector.
7 Testing organization
The testing organization should be organized independently of the production and its activities should be
controlled by a quality assurance system.
!If required, an external organization, which is employed with the inspection, shall be accredited in
accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025."
8 Documentation
8.1 Documentation prior to testing
Prior to testing, all necessary preliminary information required by the testing method standards shall be
provided.
8.1.1 Written procedures
!Testing shall always be performed in accordance with written procedures as required by the standard
for the individual testing method or as defined by specification."
8.1.2 Testing plan
In certain cases, it can be necessary to carry out additional testing including more than one non-destructive
testing method (other than visual testing) or multiple applications of one method. In such cases all methods
used shall be defined in a testing plan, which shall determine the sequence and extent of testing and other
relevant aspects for control of testing and other related activities.
8.2 Documentation after testing
8.2.1 Records of individual testing
All testing shall be recorded as required by the referred standard for the relevant testing method.
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EN 12062:1997
8.2.2 Final report
For each component or group of components, a final report shall contain the information required by the
testing plan and shall as a minimum include:
— reports required by the standards for the individual testing methods;
— identification of the component;
— reference to the individual testing records including status (not inspected, accepted, rejected);
— identification of welds tested and/or reference to documents identifying these welds;
— system for marking of the individual welds and/or reference to documents indicating !the
description of coordinate system used for testing;"
— identification of personnel and organizations that have performed the testing;
— record of deviations from the applied standard regarding testing technique and acceptance levels.
9 Selection of testing method
9.1 General
This standard determines requirements for selection of testing methods for various types of materials and
types of fusion welds. These methods may be used alone or in combination in order to give the required
result.
Before selecting testing methods and levels, the following items should be considered:
— welding processes;
— parent metal, welding consumable and treatment;
— joint type and geometry;
— component configuration (accessibility, surface condition, ...);
— quality levels;
— imperfection type and orientation expected.
Table 2 — Generally accepted methods for detection of accessible surface imperfections for
all types of welds including fillet welds
Materials
Ferritic steel
Testing method
VT
VT and MT
VT and PT
Austenitic steel, aluminium, nickel, copper and
titanium
VT and (ET)
VT
VT and PT
VT and (ET)
( ) Indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.
8
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EN 12062:1997
Table 3 — Generally accepted methods for detection of internal imperfections for
butt- and T-joints with full penetration
Materials and type of joint
Ferritic butt-joints
Ferritic T-joints
Austenitic butt-joints
Austenitic T-joints
Aluminium butt-joints
Aluminium T-joints
Nickel- and copper-alloys butt joints
Nickel- and copper-alloys T-joints
Titanium butt-joints
Titanium T-joints
Thickness in mma
tk8
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
RT
(UT) or (RT)
8 < t k 40
RT or UT
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) and/or (RT)
RT or UT
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
RT or (UT)
UT or (RT)
t > 40
UT or (RT)
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
RT or UT
UT or (RT)
RT or (UT)
(UT) or (RT)
( ) indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.
a
Thickness, t, is the nominal thickness of the parent material to be welded.
If necessary, testing methods and levels other than those listed in Annex A may be selected. If an
application standard only requires another selection of methods, testing levels listed in Annex A can be
used as appropriate. Such alterations shall be !defined by specification."
9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration
The generally accepted methods for testing of welds are given in Table 2 for surface imperfections and in
Table 3 for internal imperfections.
9.3 Butt- and T-joints without full penetration and fillet welds
For partial penetration welds and fillet welds the unfused root can prevent satisfactory volumetric testing
when using the methods given in Table 3. In cases where special test methods have not been !defined by
specification", the quality of the weld shall be assured by control of the welding process.
Techniques other than those given in Table 2 and Table 3 can be !defined" for determining the actual
degree of penetration and the dimensions of other imperfection types.
It is recommended that welds in steel with a minimum yield strength above 280 N/mm2, in austenitic steel,
in aluminium, in nickel and copper alloys and in titanium are tested using method(s) in addition to VT in
accordance with Table 2.
10 Performance of testing
10.1 Determination of standard to be applied
See Annex A.
10.2 Conditions for testing
Prior to the testing, the testing personnel shall have access to all information relevant to the object
including:
a) necessary preliminary information required by the standard for the individual testing methods;
b) testing plan, if required;
c) actions to be taken in case of detection of non-conforming welds;
d) responsibility for coordination of the inspection of parts of sub-assemblies manufactured by
subcontractors;
e) time and place of testing.
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EN 12062:1997
10.3 Time of testing
The testing should be carried out after completion of all required heat treatments. Welds in materials
sensitive to hydrogen cracking (e.g. high strength steels) or other time delayed cracking shall not be tested
until the minimum time required after welding is achieved or as !defined by specification."
!If required by specification," special conditions may call for testing prior to final heat treatment or
elapse of a certain time.
If a surface test shall be carried out, it shall be performed prior to any testing for internal imperfections.
10.4 Non-acceptable indications
In the case of detection of non-acceptable indications, the procedure shall be given in the application
standard or !defined by specification."
In case of repair of non-acceptable indications the weld shall normally be tested at least as required for the
original weld.
Further guidance is given in Annex D.
10
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EN 12062:1997
Annex A (normative)
Rules and standards to be applied
This annex gives the correlation between the quality levels of EN 25817 or EN 30042 and the testing
techniques, testing levels and acceptance levels of non-destructive testing standards.
It shall be noted that the correlations are not quantitative links.
A.1 Visual testing
See Table A.1.
Table A.1 — Visual testing (VT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
1)
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 970
Level not specified
Level not specified
Level not specified
Acceptance levels1)
B
C
D
The acceptance levels for visual testing are equal to the quality levels of EN 25817 or EN 30042.
A.2 Penetrant testing
See Table A.2.
Table A.2 — Penetrant testing (PT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 571-1
Level not specified
Level not specified
Level not specified
Acceptance levels in accordance with
prEN 1289
2X
2X
3X
A.3 Magnetic particle testing
See Table A.3.
Table A.3 — Magnetic particle testing (MT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817
B
C
D
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with prEN 1290
Level not specified
Level not specified
Level not specified
Acceptance levels in accordance with
prEN 1291
2X
2X
3X
A.4 Eddy current testing
See Table A.4.
Table A.4 — Eddy current testing (ET)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
© BSI 26 March 2004
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 1711
Level not specified
Acceptance levels
To be !defined by
specification"
11
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EN 12062:1997
A.5 Radiographic testing
See Table A.5.
Table A.5 — Radiographic testing (RT)
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
B
B
A
D
1)
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 1435
1)
Acceptance levels in accordance with
prEN 12517
1
2
3
However, the maximum area for a single exposure shall correspond to the requirements of class A of EN 1435.
A.6 Ultrasonic testing of ferritic steels
See Table A.6.
Table A.6 — Ultrasonic testing (UT) of ferritic steels
Quality levels in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042
B
C
D
Testing techniques and levels in
accordance with EN 17141)
Acceptance levels in accordance with
EN 1712
At least B
At least A
2
3
Level not applicable2)
Not applicable2)
1)
When characterization of indications is !defined by specification," EN 1713 shall apply.
2)
UT is not recommended but can be !defined by specification" (with the same requirements as quality level C).
12
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EN 12062:1997
Annex B (informative)
Classification of indications
See Figure B.1.
TESTING LEVEL
ACTION
Figure B.1 — Classification of indications
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EN 12062:1997
Annex C (informative)
Extent of testing
If the extent of testing is defined as a part (percentage p %) of an inspection lot the following rules should
apply unless otherwise required:
— each weld in the inspection lot should be tested over a length of minimum p % of the individual length.
The area to be tested should be selected at random;
— if the total length of all the welds in an inspection lot is less than x m (for example x = 1), at least one
weld should be tested in its entire length regardless of the p %;
— if an inspection lot consists of several identical welds with individual length less than x m
(for example x = 1), randomly selected welds with a !minimum total length of p %" of the total length
of all welds in the inspection lot should be tested in their entire length.
Annex D (informative)
Non-acceptable indications
Where a test of a part on an inspection lot reveals non-acceptable indications, the following guidelines for
the extent of additional testing can be used. The testing should be performed on welds executed with the
same parameters which might be the main cause of failure e.g. welder, welding procedure or any other of
the items mentioned in 3.10;
a) two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be given the same type of testing; and
b) if the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by a) are acceptable, the defective item
should be repaired or replaced and re-tested and all items represented by these two additional samples
or areas of the same weld should be accepted; but
c) if any of the samples or areas of the same welds tested as required in a) reveals a non-acceptable
indication, two further samples or areas of the same weld per defective one should be tested; and
d) if the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by c) are acceptable, the defective item(s)
should be repaired or replaced and re-tested and all items represented by the additional samples or areas
of the same weld should be accepted; but
e) if any of the samples or areas of the same weld tested as required by c) reveals a non-acceptable
indication, all items represented by the progressive sampling should be either:
1) repaired or replaced and re-tested as required; or
2) fully tested and repaired or replaced as necessary, and re-tested.
14
© BSI 26 March 2004
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Licensed Copy: na na, University of Central Lancashire JISC, Tue Nov 01 09:00:34 GMT 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Licensed Copy: na na, University of Central Lancashire JISC, Tue Nov 01 09:00:34 GMT 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS EN
12062:1998
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