Ceiling

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Specialist Diploma in
M&E Coordination –
Ceiling Ceiling
The Copyright of this document belongs to BCA. No part of this document may be used, disclosed, transferred, reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording or
otherwise to any person not authorized to use it without the express written permission of BCA
False ceiling
A ceiling that is fixed to a frame work of battens attached to the
underside of the main structure.
Functions
1. To lower the height of ceiling of
a room (2m).
2. Conceal (cover up) M & E
services (e.g. electrical wiring, services (e.g. electrical wiring,
air condition duct).
3. Improve appearance by
covering structural beam.
4. Noise (Acoustic) control. Improve
sound insulation between floors.
5. Accommodate lighting (to fix light
fittings).
Functions
fittings).
6. Improve thermal insulation (to
reduce heat entering into the
room).
1. Strength and stability
2. Access of maintenance and services
3. Acoustic absorption
4. Sound Insulation
5. Fire resistance
6. Moisture resistance
Functions requirements.
6. Moisture resistance
7. Weight
8. Cost
9. Finish
A. Strength and stability
• Should be light and strong enough to support light fittings and
air condition duct.
• Fixings and suspension members should rugged to prevent
accidental damage during maintenance.
Functions requirements.
accidental damage during maintenance.
B. Access for maintenance and services
1. Allow for access to service inside the ceiling spaces
Functions requirements.
C. Sound insulation
1. Sound insulating panel above partition and ceiling is to be
used to reduce noise being transmitted from floor to floor
and from room to room.
Functions requirements.
D. Acoustic absorption
1. Use of acoustic ceiling to absorb and reduce sound
reflection in the room.
Functions requirements.
E. Fire resistance
1. Expansion clearances provided to allow for distortion of
suspension grids
2. Plasterboard or thick mineral wool are used as fire rated
ceiling panels.
Functions requirements.
F. Moisture resistance
1. Plaster, cork and aluminium panels are good moisture
resistance materials
Functions requirements.
G. Weight - must always be designed to support the weight of
light fittings - joint less is the heaviest
H. Cost – in term of maintenance cost, material cost and
installation cost
I. Finish – aesthetic look
Functions requirements.
MATERIALS USED
1. Hardwood
2. Fibrous plaster board
3. Metal sheet or tiles
4. Mineral fibreboard
5. Plasterboard
6. Vermiculite slabs
7. Expanded plastics
8. Corkboard
Advantages of mineral boards
1. Light in weight
2. Good sound absorption and
insulation properties
3. Fire resistance
4. Easily available and cheap
5. Low maintenance cost
TYPES OF CEILING CONSTRUCTION
1. Joint less ceiling
2. Frame and panel
3. Strip ceiling
4. Open ceiling 4. Open ceiling
1. JOINTLESS CEILING
1. Timber or galvanized steel channels hung from above the
ceiling.
2. Ceiling boards are plastered up so joints not visible below the
ceiling.
1. JOINTLESS CEILING
1. Gypsum or vermiculite plaster
Applying fibrous plaster board or vermiculite plaster spray to
form seamless or joint less ceiling
ADVANTAGES
1. Good sound insulation
2. Better appearance – no joints
3. Good fire resistance
4. Low cost
1. JOINTLESS CEILING
1. Gypsum or vermiculite
plaster
4. Low cost
DISADVANTAGES
1. Wet construction - messy
2. Not easily replaceable
2. FRAME AND PANEL CEILING
1. Steel ,aluminium or mineral
wool tiles
2. Consists of metal frame work
and infill panels
3. Easily demountable
4. Easy to install and clean
Advantages
1. Easy to install and replace
2. Easy to access for
2. FRAME AND PANEL CEILING
2. Easy to access for
maintenance
3. Easy to accommodate
lighting and air condition
facilities
Disadvantages
1. Low sound insulation
2. Poor fire resistance
2. FRAME AND PANEL CEILING
3. Difficult to layout for
irregular size room
Jointless
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN JOINT LESS CEILING AND
FRAME & PANEL CEILING
2. Good sound insulation
1. No visible joint underneath the
ceiling.
Frame & panel
2. Low sound insulation
1. Frame grid and in-fill
panels.
6. Can install in irregular size
room
5. Difficult to access for
maintenance
4. Ceiling board difficult to
repair
3. Good fire resistance
6. Difficult to layout for
irregular size room
5. Easy to access for
maintenance
4. Standard panels easily
replaceable
3. Poor fire resistance
3. STRIP CEILING
1. Long narrow profile aluminium tray
2. PVC strips on metal cores.
3. STRIP CEILING
1. Fixed together by interlocking along
the edges
ADVANTAGES
1. Easy installation
2. Easy removal and
replacement
3. Durable
3. STRIP CEILING
3. Durable
DISADVANTAGES
1. Expensive
2. Poor sound insulation
3. Come in standard size
4. OPEN CEILING
1. Egg-crate panels
2. Large range of materials
3. Various patterns and finishes
4. Allow conceal lighting to pass
downward through the ceiling
4. OPEN CEILING
4. Use in outdoor and for decorative
purposes
5. Good moisture resistance
6. Not fire-proof
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
1. HANGER
Hanger
Hanger bolt
Hold down clip
Ceiling panel
1. HANGER
2. BEARER
3. RUNNER
Runner
Bearer
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
1. HANGER
FIXTURES
Hanger
1. HANGER
2. BEARER
3. RUNNER
Runner
Bearer
1. HANGER
1. Metal straps, rods or angles which hang vertically
from the floor soffit to support the ceiling system.
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
TYPES OF HANGER
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
2. BEARER
1. Main supporting section connected to hangers
2. Runners are fixed in the opposite direction to the
bearer.
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
Hanger
Hanger bolt
Hold down clip
Ceiling panel
Hanger
Runner
Bearer
Hold down clip
3. RUNNER
1. Supporting members in which ceiling panels are
secured to.
Hanger
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
Hanger
Hanger bolt
Hold down clip
Ceiling panel
Hanger
Runner
Bearer
TYPES OF CHANNEL RUNNERS
2. Usually in aluminium C, T or Z shape.
FIXTURES IN FIXING CEILING PANEL
METHOD OF SECURING CEILING PANELS
1. Exposed Fixing
2. Conceal Fixing 2. Conceal Fixing
3. Clip Fixing
4. Screw Fixing
METHOD OF SECURING CEILING PANELS
1. EXPOSED FIXING
1. Uses invert ‘T’ section
2. Panel drop onto runners
3. Uses wire or metal spring clip to hold down panel
to prevent uplift wind pressure. to prevent uplift wind pressure.
METHOD OF SECURING CEILING PANELS
2. CONCEAL FIXING
1. Support fixtures not visible from below the ceiling
2. Use of grooved tiles slotted into ‘Z’ section runner
3. Another method is to use tongued and grooved tile
Conceal Fixing
METHOD OF SECURING CEILING PANELS
3. CLIP FIXING
1. Use of special spring ‘T’ runner to hold metal tray
tile.
2. Tray tile can be perforated or in-fill with sound
absorbent material such as mineral wool
METHOD OF SECURING CEILING PANELS
4. SCREW FIXING
1. Use of screw through tile and fixed to the runner
Screw Fixing
METHOD OF SECURING CEILING PANELS
Conceal Fixing
Exposed Fixing
Clip Fixing Screw Fixing
LAYOUT OF CEILING PANELS
1. Arranged so that there are no ceiling panels are
less than one-half width
2. Check the dimensions of the room and set out
2 dry lines that are 90° to each other at the
centre of the ceiling.
3. After the grids (tees) are installed, check for
alignment of grids (1 mm every 5 or 6 m length alignment of grids (1 mm every 5 or 6 m length
of main tee).
dry lines for setting out to be at 90°
centre line of ceiling
minimum half panel width
minimum half panel length
Ceiling layout plan
QUALITY CHECK FOR CEILING
1. Plumb (deviation not more than 3 mm over 1.2 m)
2. Surface evenness (not more than 3 mm over 1.2 m)
3. Visual check on alignment of exposed ceiling grids
4. Panels at wall to wall/ceiling meet at 90° 4. Panels at wall to wall/ceiling meet at 90°
(deviation not more than 4 mm per 300 mm)
5. No stain marks and visible damage
6. Chipped surfaces or corners should not be seen
X X
Calculation:
Across - try
3500/600 = 5 full widths + 500 ?
= 5x600 + 250 +250
550
550
5. A 1200 (L) x 600 (W) mm ceiling tiles are used.
What is the recommended dimension for X & Y?
Y
3500
= 5x600 + 250 +250
(but cut tile <300, half of 600) - NO.
So,
Correct Ans = 550 + 4 W + 550
(4x600 + 1100/2)
6200/1200 = 5L + 200? - NO.
Answer = 700 + 4 L + 700
(4x1200 + 1400/2)
550
550
All units in mm.

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