r The Importance of Chattanooga in the War
The Campaign
for
Civil
War
in the
West
4
.
6
Chattanooga
7
9
11
The
The The
Battle of
Chickamauga
Siege of Chattanooga
Battle of
Chattanooga
after
12
The Western Campaign
Chattanooga
.
13
THE COVER
A
Confederate
battery
position
on
Missionary
Ridge.
On November
25, 1863, the Federals as-
saulted Missionary Ridge; after severe fighting, the
Confederates withdrew to Ringgold and then to
Dalton.
The Chattanooga Campaign
in a
thus ended
Union
victory
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Harold
L. Ickes, Secretary
1940
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Newton
B.
Drury,
Director
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
Price 10 cents
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National
Military Park
On September
19, 1895,
Adlai E. Stevenson,
Confederate and Union supporters.
This closeh"
Vice President of the United States, spoke to a
paralleled the growth of Chattanooga following
group of people gathered
to dedicate the Chick-
amauga and Chattanooga National
Mr. Stevenson
said,
".
. .
Military Park.
Today, by Act of the
Congress of the United States, the Chickamauga-
Chattanooga National Military Park is forever set apart from all common uses; solemnly dedicated ." to all the American people for all the ages The park dedicated at that time has since grown to be the largest of our national military park
—
.
.
the Civil War, when large numbers of northerners and southerners moved to the growing industrial city. Today, the statue of reconciliation surmounting the New York monument on Lookout Mountain, depicts a Union soldier clasping the hand of a Confederate and seems to symbolize a reality carried out both in the park and community
growth.
Just as the park development represented both
areas.
It
contains
parts
of
the
battlefields
of
Confederate and Union achievement, so did the
battles
Chickamauga and Chattanooga,
1863.
Civil
War
en-
which
it
commemorates represent dual
gagements severely contested in the latter part of
measures of success for the participants.
federate
The Conits
From
its
inception in 1890,
when Congress
victory
at
Chickamauga,
perhaps
established the area as a national military park,
greatest success in the West, gave
new hope
to the
the park has represented a cooperative effort of
One may
obtain an aerial view of the Moccasin
South.
But at Chattanooga, Union forces blasted
jrom Point Park on Lookout Alountain,
Chattanooga
as well as a
Bend
oj the Tennessee River
panorama of
the battlefields surrounding
4KBBK.
SSBSr^
*=>.a.?.-<^?-V./
Chattanooga
at the time oj the
war was a sprawling
village.
This view made
in
7863 shows Lookout Mountain
in
the background.
(Signal Corps, U. S.
Army)
also houses the library
to
this
strategic
hope and permanently secured control of the town. This battle virtually completed
which
principally
Civil
War
materials.
and museum, devoted Park em-
the
Union occupation
West from those
of the Mississippi Valley,
ployees here are ready to extend every courtesy
cut the communications of the Confederate armies
in the
and
assistance to the visitor.
way
for
and opened the the capture of Atlanta and the March to
in the East,
The Chickamauga and Chattanooga National
Military Park, in addition to
its
historic interest,
the Sea.
possesses considerable scenic attraction.
The
views
The
various units of the park, covering 8,500
acres and including the battlefields of Chickamauga, Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain, and
from Point Park and Signal Point are exceptionally picturesque. Both in the Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain areas, the visitor will find numerous
trails
Missionary Ridge, are within easy access of Chattanooga, Tenn.
tery,
The Chattanooga National Cemeby
is
All
and bridle paths for his use and enjoyment. communications pertaining to this area
Military Park,
established
in 1863,
order
of
Major General
Park on Lookout
should be addressed to the Superintendent, Chicka-
Thomas
close to the center of the city.
mauga and Chattanooga National
Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.
'
Visitors are urged to go to Point
Mountain
tory
as soon as possible after their arrival in
From the Adolph S. Ochs Observaand Museum there, all the battlefields can be viewed and complete orientation obtained. An attendant is on duty to assist the visitor. At the northern entrance of the Chickamauga battleChattanooga.
field is
The
The
Civil
War
in the
West
Civil War in the West was motivated by two major plans of the Union forces. One was to drive a wedge through the Confederacy along the
Mississippi
the administration building of the park,
River.
The
river
offered
a
natural
The Federal Army
built this trestle bridge across the Tennessee River during the
Chattanooga campaign.
(Signal Corps, U. S. Army)
avenue of transportation and supply. Union control of it would virtually split the Confederacy and
prevent the reinforcement and supply of the armies
later a
attack on
combined naval and land force began an Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland.
After a severely fought battle, the fort surrendered.
by those west of it. The second objective was to drive another wedge through the Confederacy along the railroads through Chattanooga and to the Atlantic Ocean. As Vicksburg proved to be the focus for the Union drive along the Mississippi, Chattanooga, located at a gap in the Cumberland Mountains, became
east of the river
Fort Donelson opened the
Nashville.
It also called
way
to the capture of
the Nation's attention to
Ulysses
forces.
S.
Grant,
the
leader
of the
victorious
From
Fort Donelson to the capture of
later, the fortunes of
Chattanooga, nearly 2 years
the
Union Armies
in the
West
closely paralleled
those of Grant.
the focal point of the drive to the southeast.
Following the victory at Fort Donelson,
the
to
Early in the war, the Confederate forces west of
the Alleghenies
Union troops moved up the Tennessee River
Pittsburg Landing.
had established a defensive
failure
line in
The Confederates
held Cor-
Kentucky and Missouri. The States to secede and early Union
withdrawal
the
to the
of
these
inth, Miss., at the junction of the
Mobile
&
victories forced a
and the Memphis and Charleston Railroads.
vancing from
the
this point,
Ohio Ad-
Tennessee border.
Here, where
into
the Confederates struck
Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers flow
to resist
Kentucky, the Confederate forces were assembled and to advance up the rivers.
On February 6, 1862, Union gunboats which had moved up the Tennessee River from the Ohio, attacked Fort Henry and captured it. A week
Union Army on April 6 in the Battle of Shiloh and drove them back toward the river. Before victory could be attained, however. Union reinforcements arrived, and on the following day the
Confederates were driven back.
Shiloh cost the
Confederacy one of
its
ablest leaders.
Gen. Albert
who was mortally wounded in day of the battle. Both South and North were appalled by the tremendous losses, which gave them a real appreciation of the meaning of war.
Sidney Johnston,
the
first
The Importance of Chattanooga
the
in
War
Located where the
Union victories along the Mississippi followed. In the same month New Orleans was captured,
and, in June,
sippi
To THE
to
military strategists, Chattanooga appeared
be a very important point.
Memphis
fell.
The one remaining
control of the Missis4,
Tennessee River passed through the Cumberland
for getting
obstacle to complete
Union
was Vicksburg.
On
July
1863, the Con-
Mountains, forming gaps, it offered an opportunity an army into the seaboard States beFurthermore, Chattanooga was an imporrailroad
center.
federates surrendered this important stronghold.
yond.
tant
Meanwhile, Union forces had taken Corinth and had begun a slow advance on Chattanooga along the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. The Confederates then assumed the offensive and moved into Kentucky. The campaign was unsuccessful, but the Union forces were diverted from their advance on Chattanooga. While the Confederates left Kentucky for Chattanooga and then moved to Murfreesboro, Tenn., the Union forces assembled On the last day of December 1862 at Nashville.
Lines
connected
Chatta-
nooga with Nashville, Memphis, Atlanta, and Knoxville, and at those points provided connections all over the South.
Union
control of this
point would break an important link in the supply
system of the Confederacy.
Perhaps of equal importance, since
political rea-
sons often influenced military movements,
was one
nourished in Washington. Chattanooga was in east
Tennessee; east Tennessee was strongly loyal to the
and the
first
two days of 1863 the battle of Stones
fought, forcing the
River, or Murfreesboro, was
Union. Therefore, concluded the political leaders, the loyalty of these people must be supported by
military encouragement.
Headquarters Camp, Federal
Confederate
Army
to
fall
Tenn.
boro.
The Union Army
back to Tullahoma, then occupied Murfrees-
Army
of the Cumberland, at Chicka-
mauga.
(Signal Corps, U. S.
Army)
i
i
h
•:*
''^
a*^
X'
^^-^H^:
t^''
[^••(•.^^T
The Campaign for Chattanooga
MuRFREESBORO, held by the Union forces since the Confederate retreat of January 3, 1863, lay on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad about 110 miles northwest of Chattanooga. Here the Union
Army
spent the winter, recovering from the severe
losses at
Stones River.
The Confederates had
occu-
pied Tullahoma on the same railroad and southeast
of Murfreesboro.
The Union commander,
Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, methodically prepared for an advance on the Confederates, commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg. He reorganized
The 14th, commanded by Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas; the 20th, commanded by Maj. Gen. Alexander McCook; and the 21st, under Maj. Gen. Thomas L.
the Federal forces into three corps:
Crittenden.
This entire force was designated the
Army
By
of the
Cumberland.
Late in June 1863 the Union
skillful
Army
advanced.
maneuvering against the Confederate flanks, the Union Army forced the Confederates out of Tullahoma and across the Tennessee River to Chattanooga. The next problem of the Union forces was to cross the Tennessee River. Moving three brigades along the river banks north of Chattanooga, the Union commander created the impression that he would attempt to cross in that locality. Meanwhile, the major portion of his army was moved to the south of Chattanooga, and here, with little Confederate opposition, a crossing was made. Rosecrans' plan to take Chattanooga was to maneuver to the south of the town and break the rail-
Early, on the morning of
November
25,
7863, a Union detachment
way
to Atlanta, thereby cutting the
If these
it
supply of the Confederates.
tions could not
main line of communica-
planted the Stars and Stripes on Lookout Mountain.
The fast
8th Ken-
man up
is
said to have been Capt.
John Wilson, Co. C,
was possible that a threatening movement against them would force the Confederates out of Chattanooga where they could be met on equal terms. Keeping his army divided, Rosecrans pushed one corps up the valley toward Chattanooga. The others moved toward Lookout Mountain, south of Chattanooga. But General Bragg was not fooled. Learning of the approach of the Union forces south of Chattanooga, he abandoned the town and took
be broken,
In the picture he is holding the flag. The other men are, right to left, Sgt. James Wood, Pvt. William Witt, Sgt. Harry H. Davis, Pvt. Joseph Bradley, and Sgt. Joseph Wagers
tucky Infantry.
army to LaFayette, about 30 miles south of Chattanooga and just east of Lookout Mountain. Here the Confederates could guard the railway to Atlanta and be in position to strike any of the three
his
Meanwhile, the Federal corps under Crittenden, which had moved directly on Chattanooga, occupied the town and headed south after the retiring Confederate forces. The Union forces were now in a precarious position. Coming across Lookout Mountain, Thomas' Corps was about 20 miles south of Crittenden. McCook's Corps was fully 40 miles away. To the east of these forces lay the Confederate Army, strategically situated for striking each of the separated corps.
Union
corps.
General Bragg then issued orders for attacks on two corps of the divided Union Army, but failure
7
JMSbS-j.
=
ye.
Lee and Goidum Mill was the scene of some of the action on the
first
dav of the Battle of Chickamauga.
This photograph was
made soon
after the battle.
(Signal Corps, U. S. Army)
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on Lookout Mountain, 1863.
Gran
Gen. Joseph Hooker, victor
in the Battle of
Lookout
Mi
A
part of Chickamauga Battlefield as
it
appeared after the fight.
(Signal Corps, U. S.
Army)
of his subordinates to carry out the
commands
aware were ordered to unite. It was none too soon, as Bragg began to move his forces northward to strike at Crittenden's Corps, in position on Chickamauga Creek. Success of this attack would cut off the entire Union force from Chattanooga. On September 17 and 18 there took place a race for position, the Union forces desperately pushing northward in an endeavor to unite before the Confederates could attack and secure the first advantage.
caused the opportunity to be
of the danger, the
lost.
Finally,
Union
forces
8
.ifter the
fall of Chattanooga, supplies were brought
It
to the
Union up
the
.Irmy by steamboats.
river
was
necessary to
warp
the boats
through rapids.
(Signal Corps, U. S.
Army)
he figure in the lower left corner.
(Signal Corps, U. S. Army)
•in,
ivilh his staff.
Hooker
is
the si.xth figure
from
the right
Headquarters of Union General William Rosecrans
during the siege.
in
Chattanooga
(Signal Corps, U. S.
Army)
The Battle of Chickamauga
On
the afternoon
Creek.
of
September
18, 1863, parts of
the Confederate
Army
reached the banks of Chick-
amauga
der's Bridge
At Reed's Bridge and at AlexanUnion cavalry and mounted infantry
from
cross-
had arrived
ing. at
to prevent the Confederates
The
first
skirmishing of the battle took place
erates
efforts to stop the Confedwere unsuccessful. At Alexander's Bridge the Confederates were stopped but pushed downstream and crossed at one of the numerous fords.
Reed's Bridge, where
Chickamauga-Chattanooga Campaign
— June
2j
to
November 2^, i86j
FEDERALS OUTFLANKED IN BATTLE OF CHICKAMAU6A RETIRE INTO CHATTANOOGA WHERE THEY ARE BESIEGED MANY WEEKS.
CONFEDERATES, DEFEATED IN BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA NOVEMBER 25, RETREAT TO
DALTON, GEORGIA.
GEORGIA
Throughout the evening Confederate troops were arriving at the creek, some crossing and encamping on the west side, others preparing to cross in the
morning.
Union
to
forces
had clung desperately
to their
roads
Chattanooga.
Both commanders were busy on the 19th with
the placement of their troops.
line
The Confederate
Meanwhile the Union forces to the west of the creek were also marching northward, and by daylight had joined together. From Thomas' Corps on the left of the Union position to Crittenden's Corps at Lee and Gordon's Mill the Union forces
now
held a continuous
line.
About 7:30 on the morning of the 19th, a Union brigade in Thomas' Corps attacked the cavalry of the Confederates, which was in position on their Reinforcements were ordered up by both right. armies, and gradually the battle lines became extended from Jay's Mill southward toward Lee and Gordon's Mill. In the dense woods and the few open fields the fighting raged all day. Only the
trees furnished protection to the soldiers as they
was established parallel with the LaFayette Road, the left resting on Chickamauga Creek and the right reaching beyond the Reed's Bridge Road. Cavalry troops guarded both flanks. The army had been divided into two wings, the right commanded by Gen. Leonidas Polk, and the left by Gen. James Longstreet, who had just arrived from Virginia. The Union forces were drawn up in a more compact line, not far away. Thomas' Corps was on the left, just east of Kelly Field; McCook's Corps was in the center, facing the LaFayette Road; while
Crittenden held the right, with his forces slightly withdrawn. Thomas' forces had strengthened their
position
by erecting log breastworks.
pushed forward and then fell back. By nightfall the Confederates had driven up close to the LaFayette Road, but efforts to secure it had failed.
General Bragg's orders for the 20th were for an attack to be started at daylight by General Polk's
right division
and
left.
to
be taken up by successive
divisions to the
Bragg hoped
to outflank the
10
Union left and cut off the army from Chattanooga. The Confederate attack did not get started until 9:30 a. m. when the extreme Union left was attacked. The charges against the Union breastworks were repulsed with heavy losses, but two Confederate brigades were threatening to outflank
the
left
wing.
In response to Thomas'
call for rein-
forcements, General Rosecrans was
shifting forces
hills were favorable to these methods. General Bragg placed troops on Lookout Mountain from its top down to the Tennessee River. Other forces were placed on Missionary Ridge from Rossville Gap northward to the end of Missionary Ridge and from there to the Tennessee River north of Chattanooga. Connecting these major dispositions was a line across Chattanooga Valley from Lookout
from the right and center to the left. Under the impression that Brannan's division had been moved from the Union center to reinforce the left, Rosecrans ordered General Wood's division to consoli-
Mountain
the
to
Missionary Ridge.
The
its
only Union
connection with Bridgeport, Ala.,
Nashville
supply base on
Railroad, was
and
Chattanooga
date with Reynold's division in order to keep the
line intact. But Wood's division was separated from that of Reynolds by Brannan's, still in position in the
Walden's Ridge by rough wagon road and down the Sequatchie Valley. Confederate cavalry troops
across the Tennessee River, then across
operated effectively against
this line,
preventing
order.
Union center. In carrying out Rosecrans' Wood moved his division from the front line
necessary food supplies from reaching the
Union
and passed to the rear of Brannan, leaving a gap in the Union line. Coincident with Wood's movement, the Confederate attack developed. Longstreet's troops
Within a month starvation threatened the forces in Chattanooga.
Army.
Aware
in
of the critical situation.
Union
authorities
made
the most of their opportunity
and drove through the gap. The right of the Federal line and part of the center were pushed from the field. Rosecrans, McCook, and Crittenden were caught in the break and fled to Chattanooga. Thomas then assumed command of all the Northern forces on the field.
Washington ordered troops to the relief of the town. From the Army of the Potomac in Virginia, two corps, under Major General Hooker, were sent. The Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman was also ordered to Chattanooga.
To
repFace Rosecrans as leader of the
Army
the
of the
Cumberland,
chosen.
Maj.
Gen.
in
George Thomas was
of
all
Grant,
now
command
Union
The remaining Union troops were now faced with a flanking movement on their right as well as on the left. Thomas drew in his line and with the
assistance of reserve troops that
field,
forces in the West, arrived in
had reached the
new position on Snodgrass Hill. Longstreet's forces made several desperate efforts to take this position. The Union troops held, however, until Thomas could pull his other forces from the field and send them through McFarland Gap The forces at Snodgrass Hill then to Rossville.
he took up a
followed,
October to direct the efforts to drive the Confederates away. Soon after reaching Chattanooga, Grant approved a carefully prepared plan to open a new line of supplies. At 3 a. m., on October 27, 1863, 1,500 men on pontoons floated down the river from Chattanooga, passed the Confederate batteries on Lookout Mountain under cover of darkness, and drifted to the west bank of the river at Brown's
Ferry.
The
force quickly disembarked, drove in
and the Confederate troops held the field. The battle had been a costly one to both sides.
the
the Confederate pickets,
of a force that
and with the cooperation
Of
66,000
Confederates
engaged,
approxi-
mately 18,000 were
58,000
among
the killed,
wounded,
across the neck of land on Moccasin Bend, constructed a pontoon bridge. The next day supplies began coming in over the
had moved
and missing. The Union
forces lost 16,000 out of
new
line.
men
engaged.
In the meanwhile. Hooker had been ordered to
advance from Bridgeport
to
guard the
line of
com-
The Siege of Chattanooga
Following
the retreat of the
munications just opened.
vicinity of
His forces arrived in the
Brown's Ferry on October 28. At mid-
Union
forces into
night of the same day a Confederate force attacked
part of these
Chattanooga, General Bragg decided to adopt
siege tactics to force the surrender of the town.
Union
troops at
Wauhatchie
in
an
The
effort to gain control of the line of
communications.
forces kept their
location of Chattanooga in a
River and
its
bend of the Tennessee approaches covered by mountains and
I I
The
line
attack failed,
and the Union
supplies
open.
With
now
available.
Grant
I
u'iL
iij
inudeni C/ldllanmiga jroin a Confederate battery posilwn
on Lookout
Mountain
spent the next few weeks equipping the
the
Army
of
on Orchard Knob, an advance position of the Confederates in front of Missionary Ridge, in order to
test
Cumberland and waiting
for
the arrival of
Sherman's army.
the strength of the Confederates.
carried.
The
position
his
The Battle of Chattanooga
On November
21, Sherman's army had reached Chattanooga. Moving northward around Stringer's
was assaulted and
field
Grant then moved
headquarters to
this position.
Meanwhile, Thomas had been urging that a
demonstration be
left
made
against the Confederate
Ridge, the army camped in a concealed position,
ready to move at the
first
orders to North Chicka-
mauga
River,
Creek.
Grant's plans were for
float
Sherman
to
launch pontoons there,
and
cross the river at
down the Tennessee the mouth of Chickato
mauga
Creek.
Then Sherman was
occupy the
north end of Missionary Ridge, turn southward,
and, with Thomas' forces joining on the right,
drive the Confederates
to Atlanta.
away from
the railroad line
While Sherman was planning this movement on November 23, Grant ordered Thomas to advance
on Lookout Mountain. This position had been weakened when Longstreet's forces had been detached and sent to Knoxville. Grant approved Thomas' plan, and Major General Hooker was ordered to carry it out. On the morning of November 24, Hooker's forces moved up the western slopes of the mountain from Lookout Creek. Gradually the small Confederate force was driven back toward the Cravens house, on a bench of the mountain 500 feet from the top. Here, where the Confederates had the protection of earthworks, the The Confederates were fighting was heaviest.
12
finally dislodged
from
this position
a
new
line a quarter of a mile back.
evening, Bragg, realizing
and retreated to During the the danger that his troops
a
The Western Campaign After
Chattanooga
While
the Chattanooga
on the mountain and in the valley now faced, ordered their withdrawal to Missionary Ridge.
Early on the morning of the 25th, a Union detachment planted the Stars and Stripes on the top of
the mountain.
Union
force held Knoxville,
campaign was in progress, Tenn. On Novem-
ber 4 Longstreet was sent to take the town.
On
On
river,
the Confederate right wing. Grant's plan
miscarried.
Sherman,
hill
successfully
crossing
the
occupied a
north of the position.
Instead
it
of being the north
end of a continuous
ridge, as
had appeared
before, the hill
to the
Union
strategists
a few days
was separated from the main ridge deep gap. On the other side were the Conby a guarding the tunnel which passes through federates, the ridge at that point. Sherman made no attempt
to carry that position that day.
Still
Union works were attacked by Longstreet, but were successfully held. The Confederates then retreated toward Bristol and left virtually all of Tennessee in Union hands. Following the battle of Chattanooga, Grant was placed in command of all the Union Armies. Sherman succeeded Grant as commander of the Union forces in the West. General Bragg, the Confederate commander, was replaced by Gen.
the
November 29
Joseph E. Johnston. During the winter of 1 863-64, Sherman prepared for an advance into Georgia. He assembled 100,000 men and large quantities of
supplies.
determined
to outflank the
Confederate posi-
Opposing
this
force
was an army of
tion,
Grant's orders for the 25th were for
Sherman
about 50,000.
end of the ridge. Hooker, Lookout Mountain, was to move across the valley and up the ridge through Rossville Gap on the left flank of the Confederates. Thomas' forces in the center were not ordered to move until Hooker had reached Rossville. At 7 a. m. Sherman began his attacks on the north end of Missionary Ridge. Throughout the day the Confederates successfully resisted them. Meanwhile, Hooker had been delayed in his advance on Rossville. In order to draw off Confederate troops from the flanks and aid Sherman and Hooker, Grant then ordered Thomas' men
to assault the north
successful
at
to take the
Confederate
rifle
pits at the
base of
Missionary Ridge.
Moving out
the
rifle
of their positions
on a two-and-a-half-mile
front, the
pits.
Army
of the
Here the troops were subjected to a severe artillery fire, and with the Confederates in front of them fleeing up the
slopes of the ridge, the
Cumberland took
Union
forces instinctively
pursued.
fell
The Confederate
center was broken
and
back from the ridge.
in
In the meantime. Hooker
Advancing from Chattanooga on May 6, 1864, Union forces maneuvered the smaller Confederate Army out of Dalton by a flank movement and thereafter Sherman compelled Johnston to keep his army on the defensive and by a series of flanking movements pushed him from one position to another. By July 17, when Gen. John B. Hood succeeded Johnston, the Union forces were close to Atlanta. Here the Confederates assumed the offensive. In a series of battles around Atlanta, the Confederates lost heavily and on September 2 were forced to leave the city to the Union troops. Hood then moved northward to recover Tennessee and Kentucky, if possible, and to force Sherman to give up Atlanta by attacking his lines of communications northward. Sherman divided his forces and sent one portion under Thomas to stop Hood. The Confederate and Union troops met at Franklin on November 30 and on December 15 at Nashville. In the latter engagement the Confederate forces were defeated in one of the most decisive engagements of the war.
the
had advanced through Rossville Gap and had
assisted
On November
16
Sherman
left
Atlanta to carry
driving
the
Confederates
oflf.
The
out a plan to march to Savannah, on the Atlantic
Confederate forces on the right wing, withdrawn
after dark,
covered the retreat of the Confederates to Ringgold. Here the last fighting of the campaign took place, after which the Union troops
Ocean. By destroying all sources of supplies that an army needs, Sherman hoped to bring the war to an end. On December 21 he captured Savannah, then turned north through the Carolinas.
returned to Chattanooga.
The Confederates
took
On
April 26,
1864, 2 weeks after
Appomattox
up a strong defensive position near Dalton, Ga., and went into winter quarters.
Court House, the to Sherman.
Army
of Tennessee surrendered
13
New
York State Memorial at Point Park, Lookout Mountain
Wisconsin State Memorial at Chickamauga
House where
the Confederates broke the Federal line
at
The Wilder Memorial
Chickamauga
-^^:
^^Tmry*'
Points of
Interest
in the
Park
Balanced Rock
—
Point Park
National Park Service Administration Building at Chickamauga Park
ySf^a^gs
—
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARIES
5!*'
SI GNAjr POINT
PARK
3
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