Grammar
Content
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
GRAMMAR
DON’T FORGET:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
eu
você
ele
ela
ele/ela para objetos e animais.
nós
vocês
eles/elas
O pronome pessoal “I” (eu) é sempre escrito com letra (i) maiúscula, não importando sua posição na
frase (início, meio ou fim).
O pronome “you” é tanto usado para a segunda pessoa do singular (você ou tu) como para a segunda
pessoa do plural (vocês ou vós). O contexto e, principalmente, o substantivo (singular ou plural) indicará
a pessoa correta. Ex: You are a doctor. – You are doctors.
“They” é usado para pessoas e objetos no plural.
O “it” é usado apenas para se referir a animais, objetos, e coisas em geral.
Em inglês não há omissão de sujeito como acontece em português. No caso de sujeito inexistente,
oculto ou indeterminado usa-se it, we or they. Ex:
Falamos português no Brasil.
Chove muito no verão.
We speak Portuguese in Brazil.
It rains a lot in the summer.
E
TO B VE
B
R
VE
ATI
IRM
F
F
(A
)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SUBJECT + BE + NOUN
SUBJECT + BE + NOUN
I
am
a student.
We
are
students.
You
are
a student.
You
are
students.
John
He
is
is
a student.
a student.
John and Lia
They
are
are
students.
students.
Mary
She
is
is
a student.
a student.
Roses
They
are
are
flowers.
flowers.
The rose
is
a flower.
It
is
a flower.
1) Complete the sentences with am, is, or are.
Ex: We are friends.
a) I .................... a student.
f) They ........................ lawyers.
b) Peter ................. a doctor.
g) You .............. tired.
c) He .................. happy.
h) I ................ single.
d) Linda .................... a teacher.
i) You ........................ businessmen.
e) May and Andrew ................. married.
j) You and Jack ................... classmates.
CONTRACTIONS WITH BE
AM
I + am = I’m
he + is = he’s
I’m a teacher.
He’s a doctor.
IS
she + is = she’s
She’s a little girl.
it + is = it’s
It’s a rose.
You’re a student.
As “contractions” são permitidas
You’re students.
apenas em situações mais informais,
you + are = you’re
O sinal (‘) chama-se apostrofe.
como bilhetes, mensagens a amigos,
ARE
we + are = we’re
We’re brothers.
they + are = they’re
They’re sisters.
etc. Porém, é muito comum na fala,
pois ajuda na velocidade.
2) Replace the subjects for the pronouns (you, he, she, it, we, they) and rewrite the sentences using
contractions.
Ex: Marianne is a student. – She ‘s a student.
a) Luke is my brother.
.........................................................................................
b) Kelly is in m class.
.........................................................................................
c) Judy and Jill are my friends.
.........................................................................................
d) My sister is 11 years old.
.........................................................................................
e) My mother and I are in the park. .........................................................................................
f) You and Celina are classmates.
.........................................................................................
g) The cat is clean.
..........................................................................................
h) Martin and you are in the bank.
..........................................................................................
i) Martha is my aunt.
..........................................................................................
j) Your hands are dirty.
..........................................................................................
k) Mary and John are students.
..........................................................................................
l) My brother and my sister are with my mother. .....................................................................................
m) My dogs are in the backyard.
..........................................................................................................
n) Lucy and I are teachers.
.........................................................................................................
o) Your dog and my parrot are friends. .........................................................................................................
VERB TO BE (NEGATIVE)
FULL FORM
CONTRACTION FORM
I
am not
a teacher.
I’m not
a teacher.
You
are not
in room 13.
You aren’t
in room 13.
She
is not
Marianne
She isn’t
Marianne
He
is not
Nick.
He isn’t
Nick.
It
is not
a schoobag.
It isn’t
a schoobag.
We
are not
students.
We aren’t
students.
You
are not
at home.
You aren’t
at home.
They
are not
actors
They aren’t
actors
Am
VERB TO BE (INTERROGATIVE
I
Brazilian?
Are
you
Russian?
Is
he/she/it
Peruvian?
Are
we
American?
Are
you
British?
Are
they
Argentinian?
3) Complete with am, is or are:
a. My first name ____ Jennifer.
f. My teacher ___ Brazilian.
b. We ____ brothers.
g. He ___ a police officer.
c. My mom and I ____ friends.
h. Alice and Lanna ___ in room 14.
d. Hello. I ___ Anna.
i. It ___ my little cat.
e. Antonio and Juan ___ at home.
k. How old ___ you?
4) In your notebook, change these sentences in affirmative (+), negative (-) or interrogative (?).
Ex: Is New York the capital of USA?(-) New York isn’t the capital of USA.
a. I’m British. (-)
h. Is Diego here? (+)
b. He isn’t Paul. (?)
i. His father isn’t lazy. (+)
c. The teacher is here. (-)
j. Are they Japanese? (-)
d. Are you from Italy? (+)
k. My father is forty-four years old. (-)
e. My name is Nick. (-)
l. I am studying now. (-)
f. It’s not my diary. (?)
m. Is Lorraine in the class? (+)
g. London is a famous city. (?)
n. The dictionary isn’t on the table. (?)
5) Complete the sentences using is, isn’t, are or aren’t:
Ex: A ball is round
a) The mouse ............. big.
j) The sun ............. hot.
b) Lemons .............. green.
k) Ice cream .................. sweet.
c) Bananas ........... yellow.
l) Flowers ............ ugly.
d) A lemon .......... sweet.
m) The donkeys ............. intelligent.
e) A diamond ................ cheap.
n) Madonna .............. beautiful.
f) Apples ............ expensive.
o) The day ................. cold.
g) My pen ........... heavy.
p) My cell phone ........... black.
h) A turtle ............. slow.
q) Apples ......... red.
i) The airplanes ............... fast.
r) The sky ............... blue.
I
AND
HAVE R)
E
HAS (T
SINGULAR
have blue eyes.
PLURAL
You
have
blue eyes.
We
have
a car.
He
has
blue eyes.
You
have
a car.
She
has
blue eyes.
They
have
a car.
IT
has
blue eyes.
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
have
has
6) Complete the sentences with have or has:
a) I ................... a dictionary.
e) Michely ............... two televisions.
b) We .................... grammar books.
f)
c) Melissa ............... a green pen.
g) You and Jonathan .................... blue eyes.
d) Bob .................... a notebook.
h) Martin and Paty .................. a car.
I ..................... a guitar.
POSSESSIVES – my, your, his, her, our, their
SINGULAR
PLURAL
I have a book.
You have a book.
He has a book.
She has a book.
My cat has a ball.
My book is red.
Your book is red.
His book is red.
Her books is red
Its ball is red
We have cars.
Our cars are black.
You have cars.
Your cars are black.
They have cars.
Subject – Possessive
Their cars are black.
I – my
you – your
he – his
she – her
it - its
we – our
they - their
7) Complete the phrases using have or has and my, your, his, her, our, their:
Ex: I have a hamster.
My hamster is funny.
a) Bob ............ a car.
.............. cars is red.
b) Anne and Robert are married, they .............. a daughter.
............... name is Janne.
c) Kevin ............. a dog.
............. name is Ted.
d) Jenniffer ............. a motorcycle.
............. motorcycle is black.
e) Tom and Larry ................ a bike.
............. bike are green.
f) Bianca and I ............... computers.
............. computers are new.
g) Briam ........... a dog.
.............. name is Zeus.
h) Karen ............ a little cat.
............. name is Bebel.
i) My husband and I .................. a son.
............ son is seven years old.
j) I ..................... a daughter.
............ name is Sophye.
k) Sue and Clark ............... two children.
............ names are Alex and Meg.
l) Billy ......... four dogs.
................. dogs are poodles.
Na língua inglesa temos três gêneros:
1. MASCULINO
2. FEMININO
3. NEUTRO
The groom is ready for the The bride is wering a beautiful This is my new shirt. Isn’t it cool?
wedding. He looks very elegant.
white dress. She looks radiant.
ATENÇÃO:
A maioria dos substantivos que se referem a pessoas tem a mesma forma para o masculino e
feminino. Traduza:
lawyer - ............................
child - ................................
doctor - .............................
teacher - ............................
driver - ...............................
student - ............................
cook - ................................
parent - ..............................
nurse - ................................
Há substantivos que tem uma forma para o masculino e outra para o feminino. Exemplos:
father / mother - ...............................................
king / queen - ...............................................
mom / dad - .....................................................
husband / wife - ............................................
brother / sister - ..............................................
uncle / aunt - .................................................
son / daughter - ...............................................
horse / mare - ................................................
bull / cow - ......................................................
waiter / waitress - ........................................
NÚMERO:
Singular/Plural
REGRA GERAL: Forma-se o plural acrescentando-se “s” ao substantivo. Ex:
week / weeks - ...................................
egg / eggs - ...............................................
cup / cups - ........................................
house / houses - ........................................
kid / kids - ..........................................
boy / boys - ...............................................
book / books - ....................................
day / days - ................................................
car / cars - ...........................................
key / keys - ................................................
dog / dogs - ........................................
Para os substantivos que terminam em o, ch, s, ss, sh, e x acrescenta-se –es. Ex:
kiss / kisses - ............................................
watch / watches - ..................................
match / matches - ....................................
dish / dishes - .........................................
bus / buses - ...........................................
mango / mangoes - ................................
box / boxes - .........................................
tomato / tomatoes - ...............................
Para os substantivos que terminam em ch com som de s, acrescenta-se apenas –s. Ex:
stomach / stomacks - .......................................
monarch / monarchs - .....................................
Muitos substantivos que terminam em f ou fe fazem o plural substituindo o fe por –ves. Ex:
knife / knives - .......................................
thief / thieves - ..........................................
leaf / leaves - ...........................................
wife / wives - .............................................
life / lives - ...............................................
wolf / wolves - ...........................................
Há também aqueles substantivos que terminam em f, ff ou fe que fazem o plural apenas
acrescentando -s. Ex:
belief / beliefs - ..........................................
puff / puffs - ................................................
chef / chefs - ..............................................
roof / roofs - ................................................
cliff / cliffs - ...............................................
safe / safes - .................................................
proof / proofs - ...........................................
serf / serfs - ...................................................
SUBSTANTIVOS DERIVADOS DO LATIM E DO GREGO
1. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em -us acrescenta-se –i ou -es:
alumnus / alumni = aluno(s)
locus / loci = localização, (-ões) num texto
cactus / cacti, cactuses = cacto(s)
minus / minuses = sinal (-is) menos (-)
calculus / calculi, calculuses = cálculo(s)
nucleus / nuclei, nucleuses = núcleo(s)
chorus / choruses = coro(s)
prospectus / prospectuses = folheto(s)
circus / circuses = circo(s)
radius / radii = raio(s)
colossus / colossi, colossuses = colosso(s)
stimulus / stimuli = estímulo(s)
focus / foci, focuses = foco(s)
stylus / styli, styluses = estilete(s)
fungus / fungi, funguses = fungo(s)
terminus / termini, terminuses = estação
genius / genii, geniuses = génio(s)
terminal, estações terminais
2. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em –um acrescenta-se -a ou -s:
aquarium / aquaria, aquariums = aquário(s)
medium / media, mediums = meio(s)
colloquium / colloquia, colloquiums = colóquio(s)
millennium / millennia, millenniums =
curriculum / curricula = currículo(s)
milénio(s)
datum / data = dado(s)
minimum / minima, minimums = mínimo(s)
erratum / errata = errata
planetarium / planetaria, planetariums =
gymnasium / gymnasia, gymnasiums = ginásio(s)
planetário(s)
maximum / maxima, maximums = máximo(s)
spectrum / spectra, spectrums = espectro(s)
3. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em -a acrescenta-se –ae ou -s:
alga / algae = alga(s)
antenna / antennas = antena(s) (de rádio)
alumna / alumnae = aluna(s)
formula / formulae, formulas = fórmula(s)
antenna / antennae = tentáculo(s)
larva / larvae = larva(s)
4. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em –ex ou -ix acrescenta-se –es ou -ices:
appendix / appendixes = apêndice(s)
index / indexes, indices = índice(s)
appendix / appendices = anexo(s)
matrix / matrixes, matrices = matriz(es)
codex / codices = códice(s)
vortex / vortexes, vortices = vórtice(s)
5. Substantivos de origem grega terminados em -is acrescenta-se -es:
axis / axes = eixo(s)
diagnosis / diagnoses = diagnóstico(s)
basis / bases = base(s)
hypothesis / hypotheses = hipótese(s)
crisis / crises = crise(s)
thesis / theses = tese(s)
6. Substantivos de origem grega terminados em -on acrescenta-se -a, -s:
automaton / automata, automatons = autómato(s)
ganglion / ganglia = gânglio(s)
criterion / criteria = critério(s)
phenomenon / phenomena = fenómeno(s)
Quando os substantivos terminam em consoante + -y, converte-se o -y em -i, e adiciona-se -es:
baby / babies - ..........................................
cherry / cherries - ......................................
country / countries - ...................................
Exceto os substantivos próprios, aos quais só se adiciona -s :
Kennedy / the Kennedys = (os) Kennedy(s)
Kirkby / the Kirkbys = (os) Kirkby(s)
Há também aquelas palavras que não seguem nenhuma regra e têm, portanto, uma forma própria
para o plural. Ex:
foot / feet - ..............................................
mouse / mice - ...........................................
goose / geese - ........................................
tooth / teeth - .............................................
louse / lice - ............................................
woman / women - ......................................
man / men - ..............................................
child / children - .........................................
8) Correct the mistakes in these sentences:
There are two mans waiting for you.
................................................................................................
We are going to supermarket to buy fishs. ...............................................................................................
I need some potatos.
The childs are in the school.
.................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
The cherrys aren’t red.
...................................................................................................
The wolfs ate two sheeps.
....................................................................................................
He bought three loafs of bread.
...................................................................................................
You should brush your tooths every day. ..................................................................................................
O artigo indefinido tem duas formas (a and an ) e é usado apenas diante de substantivo no singular.
“A” é usado antes de palavras que começam com som de consoante ou de semiconsoante e “AN” é usado
antes de apalavras que começam com som de vogal. Exemplos:
a table - .......................................
a university - ..............................
an ungly dress - ...........................
an apple - ....................................
a cat - ..........................................
a lawyer - ....................................
an hour - .....................................
a week - ......................................
a maid - ......................................
an orange - ..................................
a year - ........................................
an umbrella - ..............................
an architect - ...............................
a bag - ..........................................
9) Choose the correct alternative:
a) (A, AN) purple bird is fling.
e) We are going to meet you in (a, an) hour.
b) He is (a, an) old man.
f) It isn’t (a, an) good idea.
c) There is (a, an) child in my room.
g) There is only (a, an) apple in the basket.
d) This is (a, an) hot day.
h) He is (a, an) honest man.
O ARTIGO DEFINIDO É USADO:
Antes de substantivos precedidos ou não por adjetivos. Ex:
the boy
the bank
the sad boy
the old bank
Antes de nomes de instrumentos musicais e de nomes de famílias. Ex:
the violin
the guitar
the Kennedys
The Jacksons
Antes de nomes de oceanos, mares, rios, montanhas (plural), ilhas (plural), paises (plural), hotéis,
cinemas, teatros, trens e navios. Ex:
the Pacific
the Amazon River
the Hilton Hotel
the Titanic
the Caribbean
the United States
the Himalayas
the Atlantic
Antes de um representante de uma classe ou espécie. Ex:
the rich
the poor
the dead
Antes de um substantivo único na espécie ou quando particularizado. Ex:
the Earth
the Sun
the Coliseum
“O ARTIGO DEFINIDO É OMITIDO”:
Antes de nomes próprios, nomes de ciências e línguas. Ex:
Mary
Bob
Mathematics
Antes de substantivos usados no sentido geral e de substantivos incontáveis. Ex:
honesty
money
man
Antes de promomes possessivos. Ex:
our car
his house
Spanish
coffe
their children
Antes de alguns substantivos como: home, church, school, hospital, bed, prison, quando forem usados
para seu propósito original. Ex:
I went to church (to pray).
I went to school (to study).
I went to hospital (because I was sick).
Um dos aspectos mais importantes para a aprendizagem de uma
língua estrangeira é o desenvolvimento do vocabulário. À medida que o
vocabulário vai sendo desenvolvido a construção de significado de
textos, tanto orais quanto escritos, vai se tornando uma tarefa cada
vez mais fácil. Portanto, aplique-se no estudo de novas palavras e
1) Translate the words:
Countries
Australia Brazil Canada England Ireland New Zealand
Scotland South Africa
The United
States of
America -
Wales Poland Peru Holland Spain France Japan China Mexico Italy Argentina Germany -
Places
Foods and Drinks
Greetings
hotel bank restaurant airport avenue street theater park -
coke soda water coffee juice tea milk café latte -
Hello Hi Good morning Excuse - me Good afternoon Good night Please Thank you -
service station
espresso -
Goodbye -
square -
potatoes -
Welcome -
office -
bread -
Thanks -
beach -
fruit -
Good evening -
downtown
café bar train station
parking lot hospital museum school university floor reception church -
wine beer ice cream hamburger pizza soup steak spaghetti pie rice salad sandwich -
Bye -
2) Match the opposites:
1
2
hot ___________________
Good ___________________
( )
( )
Far ___________________
Raining ___________________
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Married ___________________
Strong ___________________
With ___________________
sunny___________________
Wet ___________________
Short ___________________
Fat ___________________
Comfortable ___________________
Clean ___________________
Dead ___________________
Easy ___________________
Near ___________________
Young ___________________
Light ___________________
Happy ___________________
Small ___________________
Morning ___________________
Above ___________________
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Alive ___________________
Dry ___________________
Hard ___________________
Old ___________________
Night ___________________
Cold ___________________
Long ___________________
Heavy _________________
Big ___________________
Weak ___________________
Single ___________________
Thin ___________________
Dirty ___________________
Sad ___________________
Uncomfortable ________________
Below ___________________
Bad ___________________
Without _________________
3) What is the different word? Highlight it!
a) complete – circle – happy – underline
i) dress – eagle – bird – horse
b) shy – funny – always – boring
j) sweater – eleven – tie – shorts
c) hair – sunny – nose – eyes
l) fly – flew – felt – flown
d) see – listen – touch – hot
m) mother – aunt – father – soon
e) body – rain – snow – windy
n) there – her – our – their
f) Sunday – Friday – June – Wednesday
o) bag – flower – open – key
g) I – you – on – we
p) Greece – Spain – British – Sweden
h) March – May – July – Saturday
o) apple – grape – juice - peach
From your teacher: Mayara C. P. Rocha
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
GRAMMAR
DON’T FORGET:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
eu
você
ele
ela
ele/ela para objetos e animais.
nós
vocês
eles/elas
O pronome pessoal “I” (eu) é sempre escrito com letra (i) maiúscula, não importando sua posição na
frase (início, meio ou fim).
O pronome “you” é tanto usado para a segunda pessoa do singular (você ou tu) como para a segunda
pessoa do plural (vocês ou vós). O contexto e, principalmente, o substantivo (singular ou plural) indicará
a pessoa correta. Ex: You are a doctor. – You are doctors.
“They” é usado para pessoas e objetos no plural.
O “it” é usado apenas para se referir a animais, objetos, e coisas em geral.
Em inglês não há omissão de sujeito como acontece em português. No caso de sujeito inexistente,
oculto ou indeterminado usa-se it, we or they. Ex:
Falamos português no Brasil.
Chove muito no verão.
We speak Portuguese in Brazil.
It rains a lot in the summer.
E
TO B VE
B
R
VE
ATI
IRM
F
F
(A
)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SUBJECT + BE + NOUN
SUBJECT + BE + NOUN
I
am
a student.
We
are
students.
You
are
a student.
You
are
students.
John
He
is
is
a student.
a student.
John and Lia
They
are
are
students.
students.
Mary
She
is
is
a student.
a student.
Roses
They
are
are
flowers.
flowers.
The rose
is
a flower.
It
is
a flower.
1) Complete the sentences with am, is, or are.
Ex: We are friends.
a) I .................... a student.
f) They ........................ lawyers.
b) Peter ................. a doctor.
g) You .............. tired.
c) He .................. happy.
h) I ................ single.
d) Linda .................... a teacher.
i) You ........................ businessmen.
e) May and Andrew ................. married.
j) You and Jack ................... classmates.
CONTRACTIONS WITH BE
AM
I + am = I’m
he + is = he’s
I’m a teacher.
He’s a doctor.
IS
she + is = she’s
She’s a little girl.
it + is = it’s
It’s a rose.
You’re a student.
As “contractions” são permitidas
You’re students.
apenas em situações mais informais,
you + are = you’re
O sinal (‘) chama-se apostrofe.
como bilhetes, mensagens a amigos,
ARE
we + are = we’re
We’re brothers.
they + are = they’re
They’re sisters.
etc. Porém, é muito comum na fala,
pois ajuda na velocidade.
2) Replace the subjects for the pronouns (you, he, she, it, we, they) and rewrite the sentences using
contractions.
Ex: Marianne is a student. – She ‘s a student.
a) Luke is my brother.
.........................................................................................
b) Kelly is in m class.
.........................................................................................
c) Judy and Jill are my friends.
.........................................................................................
d) My sister is 11 years old.
.........................................................................................
e) My mother and I are in the park. .........................................................................................
f) You and Celina are classmates.
.........................................................................................
g) The cat is clean.
..........................................................................................
h) Martin and you are in the bank.
..........................................................................................
i) Martha is my aunt.
..........................................................................................
j) Your hands are dirty.
..........................................................................................
k) Mary and John are students.
..........................................................................................
l) My brother and my sister are with my mother. .....................................................................................
m) My dogs are in the backyard.
..........................................................................................................
n) Lucy and I are teachers.
.........................................................................................................
o) Your dog and my parrot are friends. .........................................................................................................
VERB TO BE (NEGATIVE)
FULL FORM
CONTRACTION FORM
I
am not
a teacher.
I’m not
a teacher.
You
are not
in room 13.
You aren’t
in room 13.
She
is not
Marianne
She isn’t
Marianne
He
is not
Nick.
He isn’t
Nick.
It
is not
a schoobag.
It isn’t
a schoobag.
We
are not
students.
We aren’t
students.
You
are not
at home.
You aren’t
at home.
They
are not
actors
They aren’t
actors
Am
VERB TO BE (INTERROGATIVE
I
Brazilian?
Are
you
Russian?
Is
he/she/it
Peruvian?
Are
we
American?
Are
you
British?
Are
they
Argentinian?
3) Complete with am, is or are:
a. My first name ____ Jennifer.
f. My teacher ___ Brazilian.
b. We ____ brothers.
g. He ___ a police officer.
c. My mom and I ____ friends.
h. Alice and Lanna ___ in room 14.
d. Hello. I ___ Anna.
i. It ___ my little cat.
e. Antonio and Juan ___ at home.
k. How old ___ you?
4) In your notebook, change these sentences in affirmative (+), negative (-) or interrogative (?).
Ex: Is New York the capital of USA?(-) New York isn’t the capital of USA.
a. I’m British. (-)
h. Is Diego here? (+)
b. He isn’t Paul. (?)
i. His father isn’t lazy. (+)
c. The teacher is here. (-)
j. Are they Japanese? (-)
d. Are you from Italy? (+)
k. My father is forty-four years old. (-)
e. My name is Nick. (-)
l. I am studying now. (-)
f. It’s not my diary. (?)
m. Is Lorraine in the class? (+)
g. London is a famous city. (?)
n. The dictionary isn’t on the table. (?)
5) Complete the sentences using is, isn’t, are or aren’t:
Ex: A ball is round
a) The mouse ............. big.
j) The sun ............. hot.
b) Lemons .............. green.
k) Ice cream .................. sweet.
c) Bananas ........... yellow.
l) Flowers ............ ugly.
d) A lemon .......... sweet.
m) The donkeys ............. intelligent.
e) A diamond ................ cheap.
n) Madonna .............. beautiful.
f) Apples ............ expensive.
o) The day ................. cold.
g) My pen ........... heavy.
p) My cell phone ........... black.
h) A turtle ............. slow.
q) Apples ......... red.
i) The airplanes ............... fast.
r) The sky ............... blue.
I
AND
HAVE R)
E
HAS (T
SINGULAR
have blue eyes.
PLURAL
You
have
blue eyes.
We
have
a car.
He
has
blue eyes.
You
have
a car.
She
has
blue eyes.
They
have
a car.
IT
has
blue eyes.
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
have
has
6) Complete the sentences with have or has:
a) I ................... a dictionary.
e) Michely ............... two televisions.
b) We .................... grammar books.
f)
c) Melissa ............... a green pen.
g) You and Jonathan .................... blue eyes.
d) Bob .................... a notebook.
h) Martin and Paty .................. a car.
I ..................... a guitar.
POSSESSIVES – my, your, his, her, our, their
SINGULAR
PLURAL
I have a book.
You have a book.
He has a book.
She has a book.
My cat has a ball.
My book is red.
Your book is red.
His book is red.
Her books is red
Its ball is red
We have cars.
Our cars are black.
You have cars.
Your cars are black.
They have cars.
Subject – Possessive
Their cars are black.
I – my
you – your
he – his
she – her
it - its
we – our
they - their
7) Complete the phrases using have or has and my, your, his, her, our, their:
Ex: I have a hamster.
My hamster is funny.
a) Bob ............ a car.
.............. cars is red.
b) Anne and Robert are married, they .............. a daughter.
............... name is Janne.
c) Kevin ............. a dog.
............. name is Ted.
d) Jenniffer ............. a motorcycle.
............. motorcycle is black.
e) Tom and Larry ................ a bike.
............. bike are green.
f) Bianca and I ............... computers.
............. computers are new.
g) Briam ........... a dog.
.............. name is Zeus.
h) Karen ............ a little cat.
............. name is Bebel.
i) My husband and I .................. a son.
............ son is seven years old.
j) I ..................... a daughter.
............ name is Sophye.
k) Sue and Clark ............... two children.
............ names are Alex and Meg.
l) Billy ......... four dogs.
................. dogs are poodles.
Na língua inglesa temos três gêneros:
1. MASCULINO
2. FEMININO
3. NEUTRO
The groom is ready for the The bride is wering a beautiful This is my new shirt. Isn’t it cool?
wedding. He looks very elegant.
white dress. She looks radiant.
ATENÇÃO:
A maioria dos substantivos que se referem a pessoas tem a mesma forma para o masculino e
feminino. Traduza:
lawyer - ............................
child - ................................
doctor - .............................
teacher - ............................
driver - ...............................
student - ............................
cook - ................................
parent - ..............................
nurse - ................................
Há substantivos que tem uma forma para o masculino e outra para o feminino. Exemplos:
father / mother - ...............................................
king / queen - ...............................................
mom / dad - .....................................................
husband / wife - ............................................
brother / sister - ..............................................
uncle / aunt - .................................................
son / daughter - ...............................................
horse / mare - ................................................
bull / cow - ......................................................
waiter / waitress - ........................................
NÚMERO:
Singular/Plural
REGRA GERAL: Forma-se o plural acrescentando-se “s” ao substantivo. Ex:
week / weeks - ...................................
egg / eggs - ...............................................
cup / cups - ........................................
house / houses - ........................................
kid / kids - ..........................................
boy / boys - ...............................................
book / books - ....................................
day / days - ................................................
car / cars - ...........................................
key / keys - ................................................
dog / dogs - ........................................
Para os substantivos que terminam em o, ch, s, ss, sh, e x acrescenta-se –es. Ex:
kiss / kisses - ............................................
watch / watches - ..................................
match / matches - ....................................
dish / dishes - .........................................
bus / buses - ...........................................
mango / mangoes - ................................
box / boxes - .........................................
tomato / tomatoes - ...............................
Para os substantivos que terminam em ch com som de s, acrescenta-se apenas –s. Ex:
stomach / stomacks - .......................................
monarch / monarchs - .....................................
Muitos substantivos que terminam em f ou fe fazem o plural substituindo o fe por –ves. Ex:
knife / knives - .......................................
thief / thieves - ..........................................
leaf / leaves - ...........................................
wife / wives - .............................................
life / lives - ...............................................
wolf / wolves - ...........................................
Há também aqueles substantivos que terminam em f, ff ou fe que fazem o plural apenas
acrescentando -s. Ex:
belief / beliefs - ..........................................
puff / puffs - ................................................
chef / chefs - ..............................................
roof / roofs - ................................................
cliff / cliffs - ...............................................
safe / safes - .................................................
proof / proofs - ...........................................
serf / serfs - ...................................................
SUBSTANTIVOS DERIVADOS DO LATIM E DO GREGO
1. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em -us acrescenta-se –i ou -es:
alumnus / alumni = aluno(s)
locus / loci = localização, (-ões) num texto
cactus / cacti, cactuses = cacto(s)
minus / minuses = sinal (-is) menos (-)
calculus / calculi, calculuses = cálculo(s)
nucleus / nuclei, nucleuses = núcleo(s)
chorus / choruses = coro(s)
prospectus / prospectuses = folheto(s)
circus / circuses = circo(s)
radius / radii = raio(s)
colossus / colossi, colossuses = colosso(s)
stimulus / stimuli = estímulo(s)
focus / foci, focuses = foco(s)
stylus / styli, styluses = estilete(s)
fungus / fungi, funguses = fungo(s)
terminus / termini, terminuses = estação
genius / genii, geniuses = génio(s)
terminal, estações terminais
2. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em –um acrescenta-se -a ou -s:
aquarium / aquaria, aquariums = aquário(s)
medium / media, mediums = meio(s)
colloquium / colloquia, colloquiums = colóquio(s)
millennium / millennia, millenniums =
curriculum / curricula = currículo(s)
milénio(s)
datum / data = dado(s)
minimum / minima, minimums = mínimo(s)
erratum / errata = errata
planetarium / planetaria, planetariums =
gymnasium / gymnasia, gymnasiums = ginásio(s)
planetário(s)
maximum / maxima, maximums = máximo(s)
spectrum / spectra, spectrums = espectro(s)
3. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em -a acrescenta-se –ae ou -s:
alga / algae = alga(s)
antenna / antennas = antena(s) (de rádio)
alumna / alumnae = aluna(s)
formula / formulae, formulas = fórmula(s)
antenna / antennae = tentáculo(s)
larva / larvae = larva(s)
4. Substantivos de origem latina terminados em –ex ou -ix acrescenta-se –es ou -ices:
appendix / appendixes = apêndice(s)
index / indexes, indices = índice(s)
appendix / appendices = anexo(s)
matrix / matrixes, matrices = matriz(es)
codex / codices = códice(s)
vortex / vortexes, vortices = vórtice(s)
5. Substantivos de origem grega terminados em -is acrescenta-se -es:
axis / axes = eixo(s)
diagnosis / diagnoses = diagnóstico(s)
basis / bases = base(s)
hypothesis / hypotheses = hipótese(s)
crisis / crises = crise(s)
thesis / theses = tese(s)
6. Substantivos de origem grega terminados em -on acrescenta-se -a, -s:
automaton / automata, automatons = autómato(s)
ganglion / ganglia = gânglio(s)
criterion / criteria = critério(s)
phenomenon / phenomena = fenómeno(s)
Quando os substantivos terminam em consoante + -y, converte-se o -y em -i, e adiciona-se -es:
baby / babies - ..........................................
cherry / cherries - ......................................
country / countries - ...................................
Exceto os substantivos próprios, aos quais só se adiciona -s :
Kennedy / the Kennedys = (os) Kennedy(s)
Kirkby / the Kirkbys = (os) Kirkby(s)
Há também aquelas palavras que não seguem nenhuma regra e têm, portanto, uma forma própria
para o plural. Ex:
foot / feet - ..............................................
mouse / mice - ...........................................
goose / geese - ........................................
tooth / teeth - .............................................
louse / lice - ............................................
woman / women - ......................................
man / men - ..............................................
child / children - .........................................
8) Correct the mistakes in these sentences:
There are two mans waiting for you.
................................................................................................
We are going to supermarket to buy fishs. ...............................................................................................
I need some potatos.
The childs are in the school.
.................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
The cherrys aren’t red.
...................................................................................................
The wolfs ate two sheeps.
....................................................................................................
He bought three loafs of bread.
...................................................................................................
You should brush your tooths every day. ..................................................................................................
O artigo indefinido tem duas formas (a and an ) e é usado apenas diante de substantivo no singular.
“A” é usado antes de palavras que começam com som de consoante ou de semiconsoante e “AN” é usado
antes de apalavras que começam com som de vogal. Exemplos:
a table - .......................................
a university - ..............................
an ungly dress - ...........................
an apple - ....................................
a cat - ..........................................
a lawyer - ....................................
an hour - .....................................
a week - ......................................
a maid - ......................................
an orange - ..................................
a year - ........................................
an umbrella - ..............................
an architect - ...............................
a bag - ..........................................
9) Choose the correct alternative:
a) (A, AN) purple bird is fling.
e) We are going to meet you in (a, an) hour.
b) He is (a, an) old man.
f) It isn’t (a, an) good idea.
c) There is (a, an) child in my room.
g) There is only (a, an) apple in the basket.
d) This is (a, an) hot day.
h) He is (a, an) honest man.
O ARTIGO DEFINIDO É USADO:
Antes de substantivos precedidos ou não por adjetivos. Ex:
the boy
the bank
the sad boy
the old bank
Antes de nomes de instrumentos musicais e de nomes de famílias. Ex:
the violin
the guitar
the Kennedys
The Jacksons
Antes de nomes de oceanos, mares, rios, montanhas (plural), ilhas (plural), paises (plural), hotéis,
cinemas, teatros, trens e navios. Ex:
the Pacific
the Amazon River
the Hilton Hotel
the Titanic
the Caribbean
the United States
the Himalayas
the Atlantic
Antes de um representante de uma classe ou espécie. Ex:
the rich
the poor
the dead
Antes de um substantivo único na espécie ou quando particularizado. Ex:
the Earth
the Sun
the Coliseum
“O ARTIGO DEFINIDO É OMITIDO”:
Antes de nomes próprios, nomes de ciências e línguas. Ex:
Mary
Bob
Mathematics
Antes de substantivos usados no sentido geral e de substantivos incontáveis. Ex:
honesty
money
man
Antes de promomes possessivos. Ex:
our car
his house
Spanish
coffe
their children
Antes de alguns substantivos como: home, church, school, hospital, bed, prison, quando forem usados
para seu propósito original. Ex:
I went to church (to pray).
I went to school (to study).
I went to hospital (because I was sick).
Um dos aspectos mais importantes para a aprendizagem de uma
língua estrangeira é o desenvolvimento do vocabulário. À medida que o
vocabulário vai sendo desenvolvido a construção de significado de
textos, tanto orais quanto escritos, vai se tornando uma tarefa cada
vez mais fácil. Portanto, aplique-se no estudo de novas palavras e
1) Translate the words:
Countries
Australia Brazil Canada England Ireland New Zealand
Scotland South Africa
The United
States of
America -
Wales Poland Peru Holland Spain France Japan China Mexico Italy Argentina Germany -
Places
Foods and Drinks
Greetings
hotel bank restaurant airport avenue street theater park -
coke soda water coffee juice tea milk café latte -
Hello Hi Good morning Excuse - me Good afternoon Good night Please Thank you -
service station
espresso -
Goodbye -
square -
potatoes -
Welcome -
office -
bread -
Thanks -
beach -
fruit -
Good evening -
downtown
café bar train station
parking lot hospital museum school university floor reception church -
wine beer ice cream hamburger pizza soup steak spaghetti pie rice salad sandwich -
Bye -
2) Match the opposites:
1
2
hot ___________________
Good ___________________
( )
( )
Far ___________________
Raining ___________________
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Married ___________________
Strong ___________________
With ___________________
sunny___________________
Wet ___________________
Short ___________________
Fat ___________________
Comfortable ___________________
Clean ___________________
Dead ___________________
Easy ___________________
Near ___________________
Young ___________________
Light ___________________
Happy ___________________
Small ___________________
Morning ___________________
Above ___________________
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Alive ___________________
Dry ___________________
Hard ___________________
Old ___________________
Night ___________________
Cold ___________________
Long ___________________
Heavy _________________
Big ___________________
Weak ___________________
Single ___________________
Thin ___________________
Dirty ___________________
Sad ___________________
Uncomfortable ________________
Below ___________________
Bad ___________________
Without _________________
3) What is the different word? Highlight it!
a) complete – circle – happy – underline
i) dress – eagle – bird – horse
b) shy – funny – always – boring
j) sweater – eleven – tie – shorts
c) hair – sunny – nose – eyes
l) fly – flew – felt – flown
d) see – listen – touch – hot
m) mother – aunt – father – soon
e) body – rain – snow – windy
n) there – her – our – their
f) Sunday – Friday – June – Wednesday
o) bag – flower – open – key
g) I – you – on – we
p) Greece – Spain – British – Sweden
h) March – May – July – Saturday
o) apple – grape – juice - peach
From your teacher: Mayara C. P. Rocha
