Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. TECH. (HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING)
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I Year – I Semester
Category
Core Course I
Core Course II
Core Course III
Core Elective I

Core Elective II

Open Elective I
Laboratory I
Seminar I

Advanced Thermodynamics
Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer
Refrigeration
1. Non conventional Energy sources
2. Cryogenic Engineering
3. Computational Fluid Dynamics
1. Equipment design for thermal systems
2. Refrigeration Equipment & control systems
3. Food processing technology
1. Advanced finite element analysis
2. Energy Management
Refrigeration Lab
Seminar
Total Credits

I Year – II Semester
Category
Core Course IV
Core Course V
Core Course VI
Core Elective III

Core Elective
IV

Open Elective II
Laboratory II
Seminar II

Course Title

Course Title

Air Conditioning
Ventilation systems
Heating systems
1. Environmental friendly refrigerants
2. Ducting & A/C supply systems
3. A/C instrumentation & control systems
1. Unconventional
Refrigeration
&
AirConditioning systems
2. Advanced materials for Thermal Systems
3. Maintenance of A/C equipment
1. Advanced optimization techniques
2. Green building concepts
Air conditioning Lab
Seminar
Total Credits

Int.
Ext.
marks marks
25
75
25
75
25
75
25
75

L

P

C

4
4
4
4

-----

4
4
4
4

25

75

4

--

4

25

75

4

--

4

25
50

75
--

--24

4
4
8

2
2
28

Int.
Ext.
marks marks
25
75
25
75
25
75
25
75

L

P

C

4
4
4
4

-----

4
4
4
4

25

75

4

--

4

25

75

4

--

4

25
50

75
--

--24

4
4
8

2
2
28

II Year - I Semester
Course Title
Comprehensive Viva-Voce
Project work Review I

Int.
Ext.
marks marks
-100
50
--

L

Int.
Ext.
marks marks
50
--150

L

Total Credits

----

P

C

-24
24

4
12
16

P

C

8
16
24

4
12
16

II Year - II Semester
Course Title
Project work Review II
Project Evaluation (Viva-Voce)
Total Credits

----

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT -I:
Review of Thermodynamic Laws and Corollaries: Transient flow analysis, Second
law thermodynamics, Entropy, Availability and unavailability, Thermodynamic potential.
Maxwell relations, Specific heat relations, Mayer's relation. Evaluation of thermodynamic
properties of working substance
UNIT-II:
P.V.T Surface: Equation of state. Real gas behavior, Vander Waal's equation, Generalization
compressibility factor. Energy properties of real gases. Vapour pressure, Clausius,
Clapeyro equation. Throttling, Joule. Thompson coefficient. Non reactive mixtures of perfect
gases. Governing laws, Evaluation of properties, Psychometric mixture properties and
psychometric chart, Air conditioning processes, cooling towers. Real gas mixture.
UNIT-III:
Combustion: Combustion Reactions, Enthalpy of formation. Entropy of formation, Reference
levels of tables. Energy of formation, Heat reaction, Adiabatic flame temperature generated
product, Enthalpies, Equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium of ideal gases, Effect of non reacting
gases equilibrium in multiple reactions, The vent hoff’s equation. The chemical potential and
phase equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule.
UNIT-IV:
Power Cycles: Review binary vapour cycle, co generation and combined cycles, Second law
analysts of cycles. Refrigeration cycles. Thermodynamics off irreversible processes.
Introduction, Phenomenological laws, Onsaga Reciprocity relation, Applicability of the
Phenomenological relations, Heat flux and entropy production, Thermodynamic phenomena,
Thermo electric circuits.
UNIT-V:
Direct Energy Conversion Introduction: Fuel cells, Thermo electric energy, Thermo ionic
power generation, Thermodynamic devices magneto hydronamic generations, Photovoltaic
cells.
REFERENCES:
1. Basic and Applied Thermodynamics/ P.K.Nag/ TMH
2. Thermodynamics/Holman/ Me Graw Hill.
3. Engg. Thermodynamics/PL.Dhar / Elsevier
4. Thermodynamics/Sonnatag & Van Wylen / John Wiley & Sons
5. Thermodynamics for Engineers/Doolittle-Messe / John Wiley & Sons
6. Thermodynamics for Engineers – Wong – CRC Press
7. Irreversible thermodynamics/HR De Groff.
8. Thermal Engineering / Soman / PHI
9. Thermal Engineering / Rathore / TMH
10. Applied Thermodynamics – R.K. Rajput – Laxmi Publications

2

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
UNIT-I:
Brief Introduction to Different Modes of Heat Transfer: Conduction: General heat
Conduction equation-initial and boundary conditions.
Transient heat conduction: Lumped system analysis-Heisler charts-semi infinite soliduse of shape factors in conduction-2D transient heat conduction-product solutions.
UNIT- II:
Finite Difference Methods for Conduction: ID & 2D steady state and simple transient
heat conduction problems-implicit and explicit methods.
Forced Convection: Equations of fluid flow-concepts of continuity, momentum equationsderivation of energy equation-methods to determine heat transfer coefficient: Analytical
methods-dimensional analysis and concept of exact solution. Approximate method-integral
analysis.
UNIT-ILL:
External Flows: Flow over a flat plate: integral method for laminar heat transfer coefficient for
different velocity and temperature profiles. Application of empirical relations to variation
geometries for laminar and turbulent flows.
Internal flows: Fully developed flow: integral analysis for laminar heat transfer coefficienttypes of flow-constant wall temperature and constant heat flux boundary conditionshydrodynamic & thermal entry lengths; use of empirical correlations.
UNIT-IV:
Free Convection: Approximate analysis on laminar free convective heat transfer-boussinesque
approximation-different geometries-combined free and forced convection.
Boiling and condensation: Boiling curve-correlations-Nusselts theory of film condensation
on a vertical plate-assumptions & correlations of film condensation for different geometries.
UNIT-V:
Radiation Heat Transfer: Radiant heat exchange in grey, non-grey bodies, with
transmitting. Reflecting and absorbing media, specular surfaces, gas radiation-radiation from
flames.
Mass Transfer: Concepts of mass transfer-diffusion & convective mass transfer
analogies-significance of non-dimensional numbers.
REFERENCES:
1.
Principals of Heat Transfer/Frank Kreith/Cengage Learning
2.
Elements of Heat Transfer/E. Radha Krishna/CRC Press/2012
3.
Heat Transfer/RK Rajput/S.Chand
4.
Introduction to Heat Transfer/SK Som/PHI
5.
Engineering Heat & Mass Transfer/Mahesh Rathore/Lakshmi Publications
6.
Heat Transfer / Necati Ozisik / TMH
7.
Heat Transfer / Nellis & Klein / Cambridge University Press / 2012.
8.
Heat Transfer/ P.S. Ghoshdastidar/ Oxford Press
9.
Engg. Heat & Mass Transfer/ Sarit K. Das/Dhanpat Rai
10.
Heat Transfer/ P.K.Nag /TMH
11.
Convective Heat & Mass Transfer – Ghiaasiaan – Cambridge
12.
Fundamentals of Heat & Mass Transfer – Thirumaleshwar – Pearson
13.
Heat Transfer – Gregory Nellis & Sanford Klein – Cambridge University Press

3

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION
UNIT-I:
Vapour Compression System: Analysis of vapour compression refrigeration cycle Reverse
Carnot Cycle for vapour. Effect of suction temperature and condensing temperature on cycle
performance. Practical refrigeration cycle, Sub cooled liquid and super heated vapour
refrigeration cycles, their effect on performance. Multi-pressure system. Removal of flash gas,
inter cooling. Compound compression- Multi vapour- Cascade system- dry ice system
UNIT -II:
Vapour Absorption System: Simple vapour Absorption system-Actual vapour absorption
cycle-representation on enthalpy concentration h-c diagram,
Water lithium bromide
absorption system. Electrolux refrigerator- Aqua Ammonia Refrigeration System.
UNIT-III:
Aircraft Refrigeration: Steam jet water vapour system, thermoelectric refrigeration system,
Vortex refrigeration system, Pulse refrigeration.
UNIT-IV:
Industrial Refrigeration: Chemical and process industries, Diary plants, Petroleum Refineries
UNIT-V:
Refrigerants: Primary and secondary refrigerants. Designation of refrigerants, Desirable
properties of refrigerants such as solubility in water and lubricating oil. Material compatibility,
Toxicity, Flammability, Thermodynamic properties of refrigerants, Inorganic, Halo carbon
refrigerants. Secondary refrigerants. Refrigerants mixtures, Newer refrigerants.
REFERENCES:
1. R&AC / C.P Arora./ TMG).
2. R&AC / Manohar Prasad.
3. R&AC / F. Stoecker & Jerold. W. Jones./ MGH Intrl 1982
4. Principles of Refrigeration / Roy. J. Dossat
5. Basic Refrigeration & Air Conditioning – P.N. Ananthanarayanan – McGraw Hill
6. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning – Dr. S.S. Thipse - Jaico

4

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES
(CORE ELECTIVE-I)

UNIT-I:
Introduction, Energy Scenario, Survey of energy resources. Classification and need for
conventional energy resources.
Solar Energy: The Sun-sun-Earth relationship, Basic matter to waste heat energy circuit,
Solar Radiation, Attention, Radiation measuring instruments.
Solar Energy Applications: Solar water heating. Space heating, Active and passive heating.
Energy storage. Selective surface. Solar stills and ponds, solar refrigeration, Photovoltaic
generation.
UNIT -II:
Geothermal Energy: Structure of earth, Geothermal Regions, Hot springs. Hot Rocks, Hot
Aquifers. Analytical methods to estimate thermal potential. Harnessing techniques, Electricity
generating systems.
UNIT-III:
Direct Energy Conversion: Nuclear Fusion: Fusion, Fusion reaction, P-P cycle, Carbon
cycle, Deuterium cycle, Condition for controlled fusion, Fuel cells and photovoltaic. Thermionic
& thermoelectric generation, MHD generator.
Hydrogen Gas as Fuel: Production methods, Properties, I.C. Engines applications, Utilization
strategy, Performances.
UNIT-IV:
Bio- Energy: Biomass energy sources. Plant productivity, Biomass wastes, aerovic and
Anaerobic bioconversion processed, Raw metrical and properties of bio-gas, Bio-gas plant
technology and status, the energetics and economics of biomass systems, Biomass
gasification
UNIT-V:
Wind Energy: Wind, Beaufort number, Characteristics, Wind energy conversion systems,
Types, Betz model. Interference factor. Power coefficient, Torque coefficient and Thrust
coefficient, Lift machines and Drag machines. Matching, Electricity generation.
Energy from Oceans: Tidal energy. Tides. Diurnal and semi-diurnal nature, Power from tides,
Wave Energy, Waves, Theoretical energy available. Calculation of period and phase velocity of
waves, Wave power systems, Submerged devices. Ocean thermal Energy, Principles, Heat
exchangers, Pumping requirements, Practical considerations.
REFERENCES:
1. Renewable Energy Resources- Basic Principles and Applications- G.N.Tiwari and
M.K.Ghosal, Narosa Pub.
2. Renewable Energy Resources/ John Twidell & Tony Weir
3. Biological Energy Resources/ Malcolm Fleischer & Chris Lawis.
4. Solar Energy – Sukhatme & Nayak – McGraw Hill
5. Energy Resources Utilization & Technologies – Y.Anjaneyulu & T. Francis – BS Publications

5

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING
(CORE ELECTIVE-I)
UNIT -I:
Introduction to Cryogenic Systems: Mechanical Properties at low temperatures. Properties
of Cryogenic Fluids.
Gas Liquefaction: Minimum work for liquefaction. Methods to protect low temperature.
Liquefaction systems for gages other than Neon. Hydrogen and Helium.
UNIT II:
Liquefaction Systems for Neon, Hydrogen and Helium: Components of Liquefaction
systems. Heat exchangers. Compressors and expanders. Expansion valve, Losses in real
machines.
UNIT-III:
Gas Separation and Purification Systems: Properties of mixtures, Principles of mixtures,
Principles of gas separation, Air separation systems.
UNIT-IV:
Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems: Working Medium, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Cryogenic
fluid storage & transfer, Cryogenic storage systems, Insulation, Fluid transfer mechanisms,
Cryostat, Cryo Coolers
UNIT-V:
APPLICATIONS: Space technology, In-Flight air separation and collection of LOX, Gas
industry, Biology, Medicine, Electronics.
REFERENCES:
1. Cryogenic Systems/ R.F.Barren/ Oxford University Press
2. Cryogenic Research and Applications: Marshal Sitting/ Von Nostrand/ Inc. New Jersey
3. Cryogenic Heat Transfer/ R.F.Baron
4. Cryogenic Engineering Edit / B.A. Hands/ Academic Press, 1986
5. Cryogenic Engineering/ R.B.Scottm Vin Nostrand/ Inc. New Jersey, 1959
6. Experimental Techniques in Low Temperature Physics- O.K. White, Oxford Press, 1968
7. Cryogenic Process Engineering/ K.D. Timmerhaus & TM Flynn/ Plenum Press, 1998

6

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(CORE ELECTIVE-I)
UNIT - I
Introduction: Finite difference method, finite volume method, finite element method,
governing equations and boundary conditions, Derivation of finite difference equations.
Solution methods: Solution methods of elliptical equations — finite difference formulations,
interactive solution methods, direct method with Gaussian elimination.
Parabolic equations-explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes,
alternating direction implicit schemes, approximate factorization, fractional step methods,
direct method with tridiagonal matrix algorithm.
UNIT – II
Hyperbolic equations: explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes,
multi step methods, nonlinear problems, second order one-dimensional wave equations.
Burgers equations: Explicit and implicit schemes, Runge-Kutta method.
UNIT - III
Formulations of Incompressible Viscous Flows: Formulations of incompressible viscous
flows by finite difference methods, pressure correction methods, vortex methods.
Treatment of compressible flows: potential equation, Euler equations, Navier-stokes
system of equations, flow field-dependent variation methods, boundary conditions, example
problems.
UNIT - IV
Finite Volume Method: Finite volume method via finite difference method, formulations for
two and three-dimensional problems.
UNIT - V
Standard Variational Methods: Linear fluid flow problems, steady state problems, Transient
problems.
REFERENCES:
1. Computational fluid dynamics/ T. J.C’hung/ Cambridge University press,2002.
2. Text book of fluid dynamics/ Frank Choriton/ CBS Publishers & distributors, 1985
3. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow / Suhas V. Patankar/ Hema shava Publishers
corporation & Mc Graw Hill.
4. Computational Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer/ Muralidaran/ Narosa Publications
5. Computational Fluid Dynamics: Basics with applications/John D. Anderson/ Mc Graw Hill.
6. Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics/Tapan K. Sengupta / Universities Press.
7. Introduction to Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics/C. Pozrikidis /Oxford
University Press/2nd Edition
8. Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics – Niyogi, Chakrabartty & Laha Pearson
9. Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics – Anil W. Date - Cambridge

7

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
EQUIPMENT DESIGN FOR THERMALSYSTEMS
(CORE ELECTIVE-II)
UNIT -I:
Classification Of Heat Exchangers: Introduction, Recuperation & regeneration, Tabular
heat exchangers, Double pipe, shell & tube heat exchanger, Plate heat Exchangers,
Gasketed plate heat exchanger. Spiral plate heat exchanger, Lamella heat exchanger, Extended
surface heat exchanger, Plate fin and Tabular fin.
Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchanger: Introduction, Basic equations in design,
Overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD method for heat exchanger analysis, Parallel flow,
Counter flow. Multipass, cross flow heat exchanger design calculations:
UNIT-II:
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger: Film coefficient for fluids in annulus, fouling factors, Calorific
temperature, Average fluid temperature, The calculation of double pipe exchanger, Double
pipe exchangers in series parallel arrangements.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers: Tube layouts for exchangers, Baffle heat exchangers,
Calculation of shell and tube heat exchangers, Shell side film coefficients, Shell side equivalent
diameter, The true temperature difference in a 1-2 heat exchanger. Influence of approach
temperature on correction factor. Shell side pressure drop, Tube side pressure drop, Analysis of
performance of 1-2 heat exchanger and design of shell & tube heat exchangers, Flow
arrangements for increased heat recovery, the calculation of 2-4 exchangers.
UNIT-III:
Condensation of Single Vapours: Calculation of horizontal condenser, Vertical condenser,
De-Super heater condenser, Vertical condenser-sub-Cooler, Horizontal Condenser-Sub
cooler, Vertical reflux type condenser. Condensation of steam.
UNIT-IV:
Vaporizers, Evaporators and Reboilers: Vaporizing processes, Forced circulation
vaporizing exchanger, Natural circulation vaporizing exchangers, Calculations of a reboiler.
Extended Surfaces: Longitudinal fins. Weighted fin efficiency curve, Calculation of a Double
pipe fin efficiency curve. Calculation of a double pipe finned exchanger, Calculation of a
longitudinal fin shell and tube exchanger.
UNIT-V:
Direct Contact Heat Exchanger: Cooling towers, relation between wet bulb & dew point
temperatures, The Lewis number and Classification of cooling towers, Cooling tower internals
and the roll of fill, Heat Balance. Heat Transfer by simultaneous diffusion and
convection, Analysis of cooling tower requirements, Deign of cooling towers, Determination
of the number of diffusion units, Calculation of cooling tower performance.
REFERENCES:
1. Process Heat Transfer/D.Q.Kern/ TMH
2. Heat Exchanger Design/ A.P.Fraas and M.N.Ozisicj/ John Wiley & sons, New York.
3. Cooling Towers / J.D.Gurney

8

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
(CORE ELECTIVE-II)

UNIT-I :
Compressors-Types : constructional details of reciprocating compressors - volumetric
efficiency-factors affecting volumetric efficiency-effects of evaporator and condenser
pressures- centrifugal compressor - constructional details, applications : Comparison with
reciprocating compressors - screw compressors, working principle, single screw and
double screw compressor, lubricating oils-rotary compressor-single vane and multivane
compressor surging.
UNIT-II:
Condensers: types-water cooled & air cooled condensers-evaporative type, thermal design
of compressor-temperature distribution and heat flow in a condenser, pressure drop, fouling
factor-LMTD correction factor. (No problems)
Cooling Towers: Classification-performance of cooling towers-analysis of counter flow
cooling towers-enthalpy-temperature diagram of air and water.
Cooling ponds: types-cross flow cooling towers-procedure for calibration of outlet
conditions.
UNIT-III:
Evaporators: types-flooded & dry evaporators-natural & forced convection type-shell & tube,
shell & coil, plate type-secondary evaporators-temperature distribution and heat flow in
evaporators-pressure drop, fouling correction factor, (no problems)
UNIT-IV:
Expansion Devices - Capillary tube, thermostatic expansion valve, float valve, automatic
expansion valve, solenoid control valve— pipe design-general-water piping, refrigerant piping
& steam piping-water treatment-corrosion control, scale formation control.
UNIT-V:
Installation of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System: evaluation & dehydrationtesting for leakages-charging-adding oil defrosting-methods-material, automatic, periodic
defrosting-solid & liquid adsorbents; water defrosting - defrosting by reversing the cycle,
automatic hot gas defrosting-thermo balance defrosting, electric control defrosting (no
problems)
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / Stoecker/ TMGH 1982
2. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / Domkundwar/Danapathi Rai
3. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / C.P. Arora/
4. ASHRAE guide & data book application

9

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(CORE ELECTIVE-II)
UNIT-I:
Theories and Method of Chilling: Freezing and free de-humidification, Preparation for
freezing, Freezing methods. Commercial freezing methods, Sharp, quick and air blast freezing,
Freezing drying - Methods of pre-cooling fruits and vegetables, Hydro cooling, Forced air
cooling and Vacuum cooling.
UNIT-II:
Processing of Meat Products: Refrigeration systems for carcass chilling and holding,
Chilled brine spray, Sprayed coil, Dry coil systems. Chilling and freezing variety
meats, Overnight chilling, Quick chilling. Effect of freezing temperature on quality of meat
products.
Fishery Products: Icing of fish. Saltwater icing. Freezing methods, Slow freezing Blast
freezing, Plate Freezing and Immersion freezing offish.
UNIT-III:
Dairy Products: Milk processing, Handling, Diary plant procedure. Standardizing,
Pasteurization, Homogenizing and Container filling.
Fruit Juice Concentrations: Processing and quality control selection, Grading and handling
of fresh fruit, Washing, Juice extraction, Heat Treatment, Flavour fortification, Packing storage
and distribution, Convection methods, freezing and mechanical separation. Low temperature
vacuum evaporation, Direct refrigerant contach method. Indirect refrigerant contact methods,
High temperature short time evaporations.
UNIT-IV:
Refrigerated Warehouse: Factors affecting warehouse design, Building location, Design
reduction. Shipping and receiving plant forms. Utility space, Controlled atmospheric
storage rooms. Jacketed storages. Automated warehouse insulation, Cold storage doors.
UNIT-V:
Refrigerated Trucks, Trailers & Containers: Temperature control methods, Body Design &
construction, Auxiliary equipment, Types of refrigeration systems. Railway refrigeration cars.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning / C. P. Arora/ Dhanpat Rai & Co.
2. Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice / Peter Fellows / Woodhead
Publishing / 3rd Edition / 2009
3. Guide and Data Book / ASHRAE.
4. Hand Book of Air-Conditioning system design/Carrier.
5. Basic Refrigeration & Air Conditioning – P.N. Ananathanarayanan – McGraw Hill

10

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
(OPEN ELECTIVE-I)
UNIT-I:
Introduction to FEM, basic concepts, historical back ground, applications of FEM, general
description, comparison of FEM with other methods, variational approach, Glerkin’s Methods.
Co-ordinates, basic element shapes, interpolation function, Virtual energy principle, Rayleigh
– Ritz method, properties of stiffness matrix, treatment of boundary conditions, solution of
system of equations, shape functions and characteristics, Basic equations of elasticity, straindisplacement relations.
UNIT-II:
1-D Structural Problems: Axial bar element – stiffness matrix, load vector, temperature
effects, Quadratic shape functions and problems.
Analysis of Trusses : Plane Trusses and Space Truss elements and problems
Analysis of Beams : Hermite shape functions – stiffness matrix – Load vector – Problems.
UNIT-III:
2-D Problems: CST, LST, force terms, Stiffness matrix and load vectors, boundary
conditions, Isoparametric elements – quadrilateral element, shape functions – Numerical
Integration.
Finite element modeling of Axi-symmetric solids subjected to Axi-symmetric loading with
triangular elements.
3-D Problems: Tetrahedran element – Jacobian matrix – Stiffness matrix.
UNIT-VI:
Scalar Field Problems: 1-D Heat conduction-Slabs – fins - 2-D heat conduction problems –
Introduction to Torsional problems.
UNIT-V:
Dynamic considerations, Dynamic equations – consistent mass matrix – Eigen Values, Eigen
vector, natural frequencies – mode shapes – modal analysis.
REFERENCES:
1. The Finite Element Methods in Engineering / SS Rao / Pergamon.
2. Finite Element Methods: Basic Concepts and applications, Alavala, PHI
3. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering, Chandrupatla, Ashok and
Belegundu, Prentice – Hall
4. Finite Element Method – Zincowitz / Mc Graw Hill
5. Introduction to Fininte element analysis- S.Md.Jalaludeen,Anuradha Publications,
print-2012
6. A First Course in the Finite Element Method/Daryl L Logan/Cengage Learning/5th Edition
7. Finite Element Analysis – Theory & Programming – Krishna Moorthy / McGraw Hill
8. Finite Element Analysis – Bathe / PHI
9. Finite Element Method – Dhanraj & Nair – Oxford
10. Applied Finite Element Analysis – Segerling – Wiley India

11

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
(OPEN ELECTIVE-I)
UNIT-I
Introduction: Principles of energy management. Managerial organization, Functional areas
for i) manufacturing industry, ii) Process industry, iii) Commerce, iv) Government, Role of
Energy manager in each of these organizations. Initiating, Organizing and managing
energy management programs
UNIT -II
Energy Audit: Definition and concepts. Types of energy audits, Basic energy concepts,
Resources for plant energy studies. Data gathering, Analytical techniques. Energy
Conservation: Technologies for energy conservation, Design for conservation of energy
materials, Energy flow networks. Critical assessment of energy usage. Formulation of
objectives and constrains, Synthesis of alternative options and technical analysis of options.
Process integration.
UNIT-III
Economic Analysis: Scope, Characterization of an investment project. Types of depreciation,
Time value of money. Budget considerations, Risk analysis.
UNIT-IV
Methods of Evaluation Of Projects: Payback, Annualized costs, Investor's rate of return,
Present worth, Internal rate of return, Pros and cons of the common method of
analysis, Replacement analysis.
UNIT-V
Alternative Energy Sources: Solar Energy: Types of devices for solar energy collections,
Thermal storage system, Control systems. Wind Energy, Availability, Wind Devices, Wind
Characteristics, performance of turbines and systems.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Energy Management Hand Book / W.C. Turner (Ed)
Energy Management Principles / CB Smith/ Pergamon Press
Energy Management / W.R.Murthy and G.Mc.Kay / BS Publication
Management / H.Koontz and Cyrill Donnel / McGraw Hill
Financial Management / S.C.Kuchhal / Chaitanya Publishing House
Energy Engineering & Management – Amlan Chakrabarti - PHI

12

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION LAB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Find out ice making and COP of domestic refrigerator
Find out COP of Electrolux refrigerator (3 fluid system)
Find out the Cooling capacity and COP of the evaporative condensing unit
Study of the refrigeration equipments (Compressors, Condensers, evaporator, thermostat
valve etc.)
Study of the pull down characteristics of domestic refrigerator

13

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING
UNIT - I:
Psychrometry: Properties of moist air. Important Psychrometry properties, Dry bulb
temperature, Humidity ratio, degree of saturation, Dew point temperature and Enthalpy,
Psychometric chart and ASHRAE chart. Psychrometric process in air conditioning equipment,
Bypass factor and sensible heat factor.
UNIT - II:
Applied Psychrometry: Use of Effective and grand sensible heat factor, Selection of air
conditioning equipment for cooling and dehumidification. High latent cooling load applications,
All outdoor air applications.
UNIT- III:
Air Conditioning Processes: Mixing process- Summer, winter and year round air
Conditioning system, Hot and dry outdoor conditions. Hot and humid outdoor conditions.
Winter air conditioning system. Year round air conditioning system.
UNIT- IV:
Process of Cooling: Heating and dehumidifying coils, Air washers. Cooling by dry and wet
coils, Use of hygroscopic solution in air washers, Adiabatic dehumidifiers. Humidifiers,
Water injection. Steam injection.
UNIT - V:
Comfort Air Conditioning: Thermodynamics of human body. Body regulation process
against heat and cold. Comfort & Comfort chart, Effective temperature, Factors governing
optimum effective temperature, Design consideration. Selection of outside and inside design
conditions, Air conditioning control systems, basic elements of the control system,
Temperature, Humidity & Pressure controls, Refrigeration, Room thermostat.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / C.P.Arora / TMH
2. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpat Rai & Co.
3. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / R C Arora / PHI / 2012
4. Hand Book of Air Conditioning System Design / Carrier
5. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / S.C. Jain / Chand and Co.
6. ASHRAE Hand Book / Volume 1& 2.

14

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
VENTILATION SYSTEMS
UNIT-I:
Introduction- Fundamentals of good indoor air quality Need for building ventilation, Effects of
R.H. in building ventilation, Control of microbial growth, Psychometric performance of contact
volume system. Types of ventilation system. Supply system, Exhaust system.
UNIT -II:
Devices Used in Supply Systems: Air Inlet system. Filters heating & cooling equipment,
Fans, Duct, Grills, Diffusers, For distribution of air in the work place.
UNIT-III:
Exhaust Systems: General exhaust systems. Local exhaust system, Removal of pollutants
and contaminated air. Air cleaning devices, Fans.
UNIT-IV:
Ventilation in Kitchen: Cooking, Exhaust flow, IMC (International Mechanical Code)
Calculation of appliances area, Contaminated air, Free foot area. Total air flow volume with
example. Types of hood, Design of hood. Design factors, Integrated air curtains, Combination
hood.
UNIT-V:
Ventilation of Commercial Building: Design of commercial, Residential ventilation system.
REFERENCES:
1. Ventilation Systems: Design and Performance/ Hazim B. Awbi. / Routledge / 2007.
2. Portable Ventilation Systems Hand Book / Neil McManus / CRC Press / 2000.
3. Design of Industrial Ventilation Systems / John L Alden / Industrial Press / 5th Edition.
4. Industrial Ventilation Applications / ISHRAE Hand Book / 2009.
5. Engineering bulletin / TRANE Company.
6. HVAC Hand book / ISHRAE.
7. Industrial Ventilation Applications / ASHRAE Hand Book / 2009.

15

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
HEATING SYSTEMS
UNIT-I:
Building Survey-location of equipment. Heat gain through glass-calculation of solar heat
gain through ordinary glass tables-shading devices-effect of shading devices. Thermal
resistance of various building materials.
UNIT-II:
Heat Transfer Through Building Structures: Periodic heat transfer through walls and
roofs. Empirical methods to calculate heat transfer through walls and roofs using
decrement factor and time lag method. Equivalent temperature difference method. Infiltrationtack effect-wind effect.
UNIT-III:
Heating Load Calculations: Winter heating load calculation-heat losses through
structure-heat losses due to infiltration. Effects of solar radiation and internal heat sources on
heating loads. Methods for estimating energy requirements for heating.
UNIT-IV:
Air Heating System: Classification - gravity warm heating system, forced warm air
heating system-balancing a warm air heating system, warm air furnaces, air cleaners,
humidifiers & De-humidifiers, advantages & Disadvantages of warm air heating system.
Common problems and remedies of warm air heating system.
UNIT- V:
Hot Water Heating System or Hydroulic Heating System: Classification-based on
water circulation, piping arrangement i.e. one pipe system, two pipe direct return
system, gravity hot water system. One pipe & two pipe gravity hot water heating.
Forced hot water heating system, gas boilers, circulating pump, radiation
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

HVAC Fundamentals Volume-l / James E. Brumbou / Audel / 4th Edition
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems / Robert Mcdowall / Academic Press / 2007
Home Heating & Air Conditioning systems / James Kittle / MGH
HVAC Fundamentals / Samuel C. Sugarman / Fairmont Press / 2005.
R&AC Hand Book by ISHRAE

16

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY REFRIGERANTS
(CORE ELECTIVE-III)
Unit-I:
Refrigeration cycles – analysis: Development of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
from Reverse Carnot Cycle- conditions for high COP-deviations from ideal vapor compression
cycle, Multipressure Systems, Cascade Systems-Analysis.
Unit-II:
Refrigerants: Classification of Refrigerants, Designation of Refrigerants, Desirable properties
of refrigerants including solubility in water and lubricating oil, material compatibility, toxicity,
flammability, leak detection, cost, environment and performance issues. Thermodynamic
properties of refrigerants. Synthetic and natural refrigerants. Comparison between different
refrigerants vis a vis applications. Special issues and practical implications . Montreal
Protocol and the Kyoto Protocol
Unit-III:
Refrigerant Mixtures: Introduction, The Need for replacement refrigerants, Binary mixturescomposition, temperature-composition, and enthalpy-concentration diagram, refrigerant
mixtures, evaluation of thermodynamic properties, zeotropic and azeotropic mixtures,
temperature glide. Charging procedure and Safety rules for the preparation of refrigerant
mixtures. Advantages and limitations of refrigerant mixtures.
Unit-IV:
Assessment of Natural Refrigerants: Opportunities for the application of natural
refrigerants, Use of hydrocarbons as working fluids in heat pumps and refrigeration
equipment, Conversion of various HCFC-22 systems to hydrocarbon, Experimental
assessment of HC-290 as a substitute to HCFC-22 in a window air conditioner
Unit-V:
Tools & Servicing Practices: Tools : Different Types of Refrigeration Tools , Evacuation
and Charging Unit , Recovery and Recycling Unit , Vacuum Pumps.
Servicing Practices: Contaminants-Moisture,Non-condensables,Servicing RAC systemsEvacuation,Purging,Leak detection,
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Natural Refrigerants Sustainable Ozone- and Climate-Friendly Alternatives to
HCFCs,Proklima International,2008
2. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Technology, By William C. Whitman, William M.
Johnson, John A.
3. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by C P Arora, McGraw-Hill,III edition
4. Alternatives to HCFCs in the Refrigeration and Air conditioning Sector - Practical
Guidelines and Case Studies for Equipment Conversion, Retrofit and Replacement,
UNEP

17

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
DUCTING AND AIR-CONDITIONING SUPPLY SYSTEMS
(CORE ELECTIVE-III)
UNIT-I :
Air Conditioning Systems: All water, All air, air water system. Unitary System, window air
conditioner, split and central air conditioning system, cooling load calculations - occupancy load,
lighting load, appliance load, product load, difference between summer & winter load
calculations.
UNIT-II :
Air Distribution: Room Air distribution - types of supply air outlets, mechanism of flow
through outlets, selection and location of outlets, general. considerations. Distribution patterns
of outlets - ducts- Definition and types - materials for ducts and its specification, friction loss
in ducts - grills, diffusers, registers, rectangular equivalent of circular duct. Air duct designs,
duct construction, duct design procedures. Equal friction method, static regain method,
velocity reduction method.
UNIT-III:
Thermal Insulation for A/C System: Method of heat transfer - desired properties of ideal
insulating materials - types of insulating materials. Heat transfer through insulation - economic
thickness of insulation. Insulation of heated buildings - Insulation for cooling building and cold
storage - pipe insulation.
UNIT-IV:
Air Conditioning Apparatus: Fans and blowers - types of fans- fan characteristiccentrifugal fans, axial fans -- fan arrangements, filters, sources of noise and control, static
pressure calculation for selection of motor and fan. Water supply pipe sizing calculations piping network for supply and return water line - pipe fittings - lining and insulation - piping
system as per ASHRAE standards
UNIT-V:
Applications: Air conditioning systems for automobiles (cars, buses etc) - Air conditioning
systems for (trains, ships, aircraft) - Special applications - Computers, hospitals, cold
storages, printing, textiles and leather industries.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by Domkundwar
2. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by V.K. Jain
3. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by C.P. Arora
4. ASHRAE Hand Book
5. Hand Book of Air Conditioning System design by Carrier

18

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR-CONDITIONING INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
(CORE ELECTIVE-II)

UNIT-I:
Vibration and Acceleration Measurement: Vibration and acceleration measuring
instruments -linear acceleration using strain gauges, capacitive, mechanical and electronic
tachometers.
UNIT-II:
Pressure Measurement: Resistive, magnetic, capacitive pressure transducers - Thermal
conductive gauges- Mc-leod gauge, ionization gauge - pressure, measurement using strain
gauges.
UNIT-III:
Flow Measurements: Different types of flow transducers - Magnetic flow meters interferometer for visualization - Rotameter other conventional types of obstruction meters.
Level Indicators: Magnetic type float gauge - Oscillator type detectors-liquid and solid level
measurement by variation of capacitance.
UNIT-IV:
Cryogenic Instrumentation: Low temperature measurements, measurement of microtemperatures.
Measurement of Strain: Use of resistance strain gauge in measuring different
mechanical input systems.
UNIT-V:
Air-Conditioning Controls: Introduction - Types, direct & reverse acting thermostats, with
receiver controller - liquid valves, fail safe design, throttling range - dampers, outdoor air
control - freeze protection - building up a control system, humidi stats and humidifiers- valve
characteristics and selection.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Instrumentation for engineering measurement /R.H. Cerrni & L.E. Foster/ wily 1982
Instrumentation in Scientific research/K.S, Lion/ Megravv Hill
Automatic process control/ D.P. Eckman /Wiley
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning/W.F. Stooecker, J.W. Jone/ McGraw Hill 1982
Mechanical Measurements – Beckwith, Lienhard & Marangoni - Pearson

19

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
UNCONVENTIONAL REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
(CORE ELECTIVE-IV)

Unit-I
Introduction to refrigeration systems, methods
Introduction to nonconventional refrigeration
magnetic refrigeration, pulse tube refrigeration,
vortex tube refrigeration. Review of vapour
absorption system and adsorption systems.

of refrigeration, units of refrigeration, COP.
technologies- Thermoelectric refrigeration,
acoustic refrigeration, steam jet refrigeration,
compression refrigeration system, vapour

Unit II
Thermoelectric refrigeration - principle, thermoelectric properties, Seabeck effect, Peltier
effect and Thompson effect. System description, performance, analysis, Applications.
Advanced vapour compression systems – compound compression, multistage evaporation.
Solar based refrigeration technologies – absorption and adsorption.
Unit-III:
Introduction to Magnetic refrigeration, magneto-caloric effect, magnetic materials, magnetic
refrigeration near room temperature cooling, advantages over traditional refrigeration system,
clean refrigeration in future-pulse tube refrigerator-principle-analysis.
Unit-IV:
Principles and application of steam jet refrigeration system – performance analysis, vortex
tube refrigeration system, system description, Applications. Modern refrigerants – Need for
alternative refrigerants – eco friendly refrigerants – properties of mixtures of refrigerants –
modifications required for retrofitting , safety precautions and compatibility of refrigerants with
the materials.
Unit-V:
Solar thermo-mechanical refrigeration system – Carnot refrigeration cycle, solar electric
compression air conditioning, simple Rankine cycle air conditioning system. Absorption
refrigeration – Thermodynamic analysis – Energy and mass balance of Lithium bromidewater
absorption system, Aqua-ammonia absorption system, Calculations of COP and second law
efficiency. Solar desiccant dehumidification.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Arora C. P Refrigeration and Air conditioning-Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2004
Arora: Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, PHI, Eastern Economy Edition, 2012
Gosney W. B Principles of Refrigeration, Cambridge University Press, 1983
Stanley W Angrist Direct Energy conversions, Allyn & Bacon, 1982
HJ Goldsmid, Thermoelectric Refrigeration, Springer, 1st Ed. 1995

20

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THERMAL SYSTEMS
(CORE ELECTIVE-IV)
UNIT – I:
Review of Mechanical Properties: Fundamentals and Tensile, Hardness, and Impact Testing:
The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress – Strain Diagram, True Stress and True Strain, The Bend
Test for Brittle Materials, Hardness of Materials, Strian Rate effects and Impact Behaviour
Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons: Designations and Classification of Steels, Simple
Heat treatments, Isothermal Heat treatments, Quench and Temper Heat treatments, Surface
treatments, Weldability of Steel. Fracture Mechanics, Fatigue, and Creep Behaviour: Fracture
Mechanics, The Importance of Fracture Mechanics, Microstructural Features of Fracture in
Metallic Materials., Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and
Composites, Fatugue, Result of the Fatigue test, Application of Fatigue test, Creep, Stress
Ruptur, and Stress Corrosion, Evaluation of creep Behaviour
UNIT-II:
Nuclear Power Plant and Their Materials:Nuclear reactor, pressurised reactor, breeder
reactor. Materials for fuel, control rods, coolant, moderator, shielding.Effects of Radiation on
Materials Properties: Effects of , , rays on creep, fatigue, tensile, and other properties of
metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, rubbers etc. Effects on electrical, electronic and magnetic
behaviour of materials, Effects on crystal structure, grain size etc.
UNIT-III:
Materials in Fuel cells and Solar Cells Electrocatalyst materials for low temperature fuel cells,
Conductive membranes for low-temperature fuel cells, Materials for high temperature fuel
cells
, silicon, quantum dots for solar energy, nanomaterials for solar thermal energy and
photovoltaic.
UNIT-IV:
Materials in Thermal Power Generation Superalloys, steels, ceramics, TBC, hydrogen
membrane materials, sensor and sensor materials, biomass, coal, flyash,etc.
UNIT-V:
Energy storage-Artificial photosynthesis/solar to fuels, CO2 separation and utilization, Safer
nuclear waste disposal, biofuels production, biological fuel cell technologies, reduction of
energy use in manufacturing processes, Improved grid technologies, sustainable energy
economy
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Nuclear Science, Bryan, J. C., CRC Press.
2. Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science, G.S. Was, Springer
3. Nuclear Reactor Materials and Applications, B.M. Ma, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company.
4. Nuclear Reactor Materials, C.O. Smith, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
5. Fundamentals Aspects of Nuclear Fuel Elements, D.R. Olander,
6. Structural Materials in Nuclear Power Systems, J. T. A. Roberts, Plenum Press.
7. Handbook of Fuel Cells, Wolf Vielstich, Arnold Lamm, Hubert A. Gasteiger, and
Harumi Yokokawa, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
8. Advanced power plant materials, design and technology, Edited by D Roddy,
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 5 and CRC Press.

21

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
MAINTENANCE OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
(CORE ELECTIVE-IV)

UNIT I
Refrigeration Equipment & Application : Elementary knowledge of refrigeration & air
conditioning equipments e.g compressors, condensers, evaporators & expansion devices, Air
washers, Cooling towers & humidifying efficiency, Food preservation, cold storage,
Refrigerate Freezers, Ice plant, Water coolers, Elementary knowledge of transmission and
distribution of air through ducts and fans, Basic difference between comfort and industrial air
conditioning.
UNIT II
Erection of R&AC Systems: Erection methodology , foundation , padding , network analysis
, critical path , interconnections ; safety precautions , air handling equipments , locations in
the systems , corrosion , noise , vibration monitoring and control.
UNIT III
Testing of Equipments: Testings/ISI standards, testing of compressors, condensers,
evaporators, and cooling towers. Testing of control systems, circuitry and trouble shoot,
condition monitoring.
UNIT IV
Preventive Maintenance: TPM Principles , Corrective and preventive measures , Reliability
analysis , Signature analysis , Different types of preventive maintenance procedures ,
Practical hints , Failure Mode and Effect Analysis , Problem Solving Techniques.
UNIT V
Maintenance Aspects: Maintenance procedures, leak detection, vacuumising , charging ,
trial run , prevention , lubrication , different methods. Studies on different maintenance
schedules followed by various industries.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Robert C.Rosciler, HVAC Maintenance and operations Hand Book,Mc Graw.Hill,1997.
2.Althouse A.D. and Turnquist C.H., Modern Refrigeration and Airconditioning, Good HeartWilcoz Co Inc., 2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.ISHRAE Hand book on Refrigeration & Air conditioning, ISHRAE Bangalore, 1998.
2. Nelson C.W., Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration, McGraw-Hill, 1982.
4. Reed G.H., Refrigeration, A Practical Manual, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London,
1982.
5. Russel E. Smithy, Electricity for Refrigeration, Heating and Air-conditioning, Duxbury
Press, Massachusetts, 1980.

22

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
(OPEN ELECTIVE-II)
UNIT- I
Single Variable Non-Linear Unconstrained Optimition: One dimensional Optimization
methods, Uni-modal function, elimination method, Fibonacci method, golden section method,
interpolation methods- quadratic & cubic interpolation methods.
UNIT - II
Multi Variable Non-Linear Unconstrained Optimization: Direct search method – Univariant
Method – pattern search methods – Powell’s – Hook – Jeeves, Rosenbrock search methods
– gradient methods, gradient of function, steepest decent method, Fletcher reeves method.
Variable metric method.
UNIT - III
Geometric Programming: Polynomials – arithmetic – geometric inequality – unconstrained
G.P – constrained G.P
Dynamic Programming: Multistage decision process, principles of optimality, examples,
conversion of final problem to an initial value problem, application of dynamic programming,
production inventory. Allocation, scheduling replacement.
UNIT- IV
Linear Programming: Formulation – Sensitivity analysis. Change in the constraints, cost
coefficients, coefficients of the constraints, addition and deletion of variable, constraints.
Simulation: Introduction – Types – Steps – application – inventory – queuing – thermal
system.
UNIT- V
Integer Programming: Introduction – formulation – Gomory cutting plane algorithm – Zero
or one algorithm, branch and bound method.
Stochastic Programming: Basic concepts of probability theory, random variables –
distributions – mean, variance, Correlation, co variance, joint probability distribution –
stochastic linear, dynamic programming.
REFERENCES:
1. Optimization theory & Applications/ S.S Rao/ New Age International
2. Introductory to operation research/Kasan & Kumar/Springar
3. Optimization Techniques theory and practice / M.C Joshi, K.M Moudgalya/ Narosa
Publications.
4. Operation Research/H.A. Taha/TMH
5. Optimization in operations research/R.L Rardin
6. Optimization Techniques/Benugundu & Chandraputla/Person Asia
7. Optimization Techniques /Benugundu & Chandraputla / Pearson Asia

23

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
GREEN BUILDINGS CONCEPTS
(OPEN ELECTIVE-II)
Unit-I
Overview of the significance of energy use and energy processes in building - Indoor
activities and environmental control - Internal and external factors on energy use and the
attributes of the factors - Characteristics of energy use and its management - Macro aspect
of energy use in dwellings and its implications.
Unit-II
Indoor environmental requirement and management - Thermal comfort - Ventilation and
air quality - Air-conditioning requirement - Visual perception - Illumination requirement Auditory requirement.
Unit-III
Climate, solar radiation and their influences - Sun-earth relationship and the energy balance
on the earth's surface - Climate, wind, solar radiation, and temperature - Sun shading and
solar radiation on surfaces - Energy impact on the shape and orientation of buildings.
Unit-IV
End-use, energy utilization and requirements - Lighting and day lighting - End-use energy
requirements - Status of energy use in buildings Estimation of energy use in a building.
Heat gain and thermal performance of building envelope - Steady and non steady heat
transfer through the glazed window and the wall - Standards for thermal performance of
building envelope - Evaluation of the overall thermal transfer.
Unit-V
Energy management options - Energy audit and energy targeting - Technological options for
energy management.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J. Krieder and A. Rabl, Heating and Cooling of Buildings - Design for Efficiency,
McGraw Hill, 1994.
2. S.M. Guinnes and Reynolds, Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings,
Wiley, 1989.
3. Shaw, Energy Design for Architects, AEE Energy Books, 1991.
4. ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, Atlanta, 1997.
5. Donald W. Abrams, Low Energy Cooling – A Guide to the Practical Application of
Passive Cooling and Cooling Energy Conservation Measures, Van Nostrand
Reinhold Co., New York, 1986.

24

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING LAB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Find out the COP and Cooling Capacity of window Air Conditioning System
Find out the efficiency of air washer test rig
Find out the Humidified efficiency and overall efficiency of the experimental
Cooling tower
Find the COP, Cooling Capacity and bypass factor of the Air Condition test rig
COP of miniature centralized AC unit
Simple Cooling and heating load calculations using related software

25