Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Content
M. TECH. (HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING)-R13 Regulations
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
(Established by an Act No.30 of 2008 of A.P. State Legislature)
Kukatpally, Hyderabad – 500 085, Andhra Pradesh (India)
M. TECH. (HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING)
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I Year I Semester
Code
Group
Subject
Refrigeration
Air Conditioning-I
Heating System
Ventilation System
Food Processing Technology
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
Advanced Thermodynamics
L
3
3
3
3
3
P
0
0
0
0
0
Credits
3
3
3
3
3
Elective -II
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Maintenance Management
Material Science
3
0
3
Lab
Refrigeration Lab
Seminar
Total Credits
0
18
3
3
2
2
22
Subject
Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer
Air-Conditioning -II
Advance Instrumentation Control Systems
Refrigeration &A/C Equipments & Control
Energy Management
Equipment Design for Thermal Systems
Advanced Finite Element Analysis
Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants
Cryogenic Engineering
Turbo Machines
Air-Conditioning Lab
Seminar
Total Credits
L
3
3
3
3
3
P
0
0
0
0
0
Credits
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
3
0
18
3
3
2
2
22
Subject
Comprehensive Viva
Project Seminar
Project work
Total Credits
L
0
-
P
3
3
Credits
2
2
18
22
Subject
Project work and Seminar
Total Credits
L
-
P
-
Credits
22
22
Elective –I
I Year II Semester
Code
Group
Elective –III
Elective -IV
Lab
II Year - I Semester
Code
Group
II Year - II Semester
Code
Group
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION
UNIT-I:
VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM: Analysis of vapour compression refrigeration cycle
Reverse Carnot Cycle for vapour. Effect of suction temperature and condensing temperature on
cycle performance. Practical refrigeration cycle, Sub cooled liquid and super heated vapour
refrigeration cycles, their effect on performance. Multi-pressure system. Removal of flash gas,
inter cooling. Compound compression- Multi vapour- Cascade system- dry ice system
UNIT -II:
VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM: Simple vapour Absorption system-Actual vapour
absorption cycle-representation on enthalpy concentration h-c diagram, Water lithium
bromide absorption system. Electrolux refrigerator- Aqua Ammonia Refrigeration System.
UNIT-ILL:
AIRCRAFT REFRIGERATION: Steam jet water vapour system, thermoelectric refrigeration
system, Vortex refrigeration system, Pulse refrigeration.
UNIT-IV:
INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION: Chemical and process industries, Diary plants, Petroleum
Refineries
UNIT-V:
REFRIGERANTS: Primary and secondary refrigerants. Designation of refrigerants, Desirable
properties of refrigerants such as solubility in water and lubricating oil. Material compatibility,
Toxicity, Flammability, Thermodynamic properties of refrigerants, Inorganic, Halo carbon
refrigerants. Secondary refrigerants. Refrigerants mixtures, Newer refrigerants.
REFERENCES:
1. R&AC / C.P Arora./ TMGn).
2. R&AC / Manohar Prasad.
3. R&AC / F. Stoecker & Jerold. W. Jones./ MGH Intrl 1982
4. Principles of Refrigeration / Roy. J. Dossat./.
2
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING - I
UNIT - I:
PSYCHROMETRY: Properties of moist air. Important Psychrometry properties, Dry bulb
temperature, Humidity ratio, degree of saturation, Dew point temperature and Enthalpy,
Psychometric chart and ASHRAE chart. Psychrometric process in air conditioning equipment,
Bypass factor and sensible heat factor.
UNIT - II:
APPLIED PSYCHROMETRY: Use of Effective and grand sensible heat factor, Selection of
air conditioning equipment for cooling and dehumidification. High latent cooling load
applications, All outdoor air applications.
UNIT- III:
AIR CONDITIONING PROCESSES: Mixing process- Summer, winter and year round air
Conditioning system, Hot and dry outdoor conditions. Hot and humid outdoor conditions.
Winter air conditioning system. Year round air conditioning system.
UNIT- IV:
PROCESS OF COOLING: Heating and dehumidifying coils, Air washers. Cooling by dry and
wet coils, Use of hygroscopic solution in air washers, Adiabatic dehumidifiers. Humidifiers,
Water injection. Steam injection.
UNIT - V:
COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING: Thermodynamics of human body. Body regulation process
against heat and cold. Comfort & Comfort chart, Effective temperature, Factors governing
optimum effective temperature, Design consideration. Selection of outside and inside design
conditions, Air conditioning control systems, basic elements of the control system,
Temperature, Humidity & Pressure controls, Refrigeration, Room thermostat.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / C.P.Arora / TMH
2. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpat Rai & Co.
3. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / R C Arora / PHI / 2012
4. Hand Book of Air Conditioning System Design / Carrier
5. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / S.C. Jain / Chand and Co.
6. ASHRAE Hand Book / Volume 1& 2.
3
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
HEATING SYSTEM
UNIT-I:
BUILDING SURVEY-location of equipment. Heat gain through glass-calculation of solar heat
gain through ordinary glass tables-shading devices-effect of shading devices. Thermal
resistance of various building materials.
UNIT-II:
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH BUILDING STRUCTURES: Periodic heat transfer through
walls and roofs. Empirical methods to calculate heat transfer through walls and roofs using
decrement factor and time lag method. Equivalent temperature difference method. Infiltrationtack effect-wind effect.
UNIT-ILL:
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS: Winter heating load calculation-heat losses through
structure-heat losses due to infiltration. Effects of solar radiation and internal heat sources on
heating loads. Methods for estimating energy requirements for heating.
UNIT-IV:
AIR HEATING SYSTEM: Classification - gravity warm heating system, forced warm air
heating system-balancing a warm air heating system, warm air furnaces, air cleaners,
humidifiers & De-humidifiers, advantages & Disadvantages of warm air heating system.
Common problems and remedies of warm air heating system.
UNIT- V:
HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM OR HYDROULIC HEATING SYSTEM: Classificationbased on water circulation, piping arrangement i.e. one pipe system, two pipe direct
return system, gravity hot water system. One pipe & two pipe gravity hot water heating.
Forced hot water heating system, gas boilers, circulating pump, radiation
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
th
HVAC Fundamentals Volume-l / James E. Brumbou / Audel / 4 Edition
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems / Robert Mcdowall / Academic Press / 2007
Home Heating & Air Conditioning systems / James Kittle / MGH
HVAC Fundamentals / Samuel C. Sugarman / Fairmont Press / 2005.
R&AC Hand Book by ISHRAE
4
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
VENTILATION SYSTEM
UNIT-I:
Introduction- Fundamentals of good indoor air quality Need for building ventilation, Effects of
R.H. in building ventilation, Control of microbial growth, Psychometric performance of contact
volume system. Types of ventilation system. Supply system, Exhaust system.
UNIT -II:
DEVICES USED IN SUPPLY SYSTEMS: Air Inlet system. Filters heating & cooling
equipment, Fans, Duct, Grills, Diffusers, For distribution of air in the work place.
UNIT-III:
EXHAUST SYSTEMS: General exhaust systems. Local exhaust system, Removal of
pollutants and contaminated air. Air cleaning devices, Fans.
UNIT-IV:
VENTILATION IN KITCHEN: Cooking, Exhaust flow, IMC (International Mechanical Code)
Calculation of appliances area, Contaminated air, Free foot area. Total air flow volume with
example. Types of hood, Design of hood. Design factors, Integrated air curtains, Combination
hood.
UNIT-V:
VENTILATION OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING: Design of commercial, Residential ventilation
system.
REFERENCES:
1. Ventilation Systems: Design and Performance/ Hazim B. Awbi. / Routledge / 2007.
2. Portable Ventilation Systems Hand Book / Neil McManus / CRC Press / 2000.
th
3. Design of Industrial Ventilation Systems / John L Alden / Industrial Press / 5 Edition.
4. Industrial Ventilation Applications / ISHRAE Hand Book / 2009.
5. Engineering bulletin / TRANE Company.
6. HVAC Hand book / ISHRAE.
7. Industrial Ventilation Applications / ASHRAE Hand Book / 2009.
5
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(Elective-I)
UNIT-I:
THEORIES AND METHOD OF CHILLING: Freezing and free de-humidification, Preparation
for freezing, Freezing methods. Commercial freezing methods, Sharp, quick and air blast
freezing, Freezing drying - Methods of pre-cooling fruits and vegetables, Hydro cooling,
Forced air cooling and Vacuum cooling.
UNIT-II:
PROCESSING OF MEAT PRODUCTS: Refrigeration systems for carcass chilling and
holding, Chilled brine spray, Sprayed coil, Dry coil systems. Chilling and freezing
variety meats, Overnight chilling, Quick chilling. Effect of freezing temperature on quality of
meat products.
Fishery Products: Icing of fish. Saltwater icing. Freezing methods, Slow freezing Blast
freezing, Plate Freezing and Immersion freezing offish.
UNIT-III:
DAIRY PRODUCTS: Milk processing, Handling, Diary plant procedure. Standardizing,
Pasteurization, Homogenizing and Container filling.
Fruit Juice Concentrations: Processing and quality control selection, Grading and handling
of fresh fruit, Washing, Juice extraction, Heat Treatment, Flavour fortification, Packing storage
and distribution, Convection methods, freezing and mechanical separation. Low temperature
vacuum evaporation, Direct refrigerant contach method. Indirect refrigerant contact methods,
High temperature short time evaporations.
UNIT-IV:
REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE: Factors affecting warehouse design, Building location,
Design reduction. Shipping and receiving plant forms. Utility space, Controlled atmospheric
storage rooms. Jacketed storages. Automated warehouse insulation, Cold storage doors.
UNIT-V:
REFRIGERATED TRUCKS, TRAILERS & CONTAINERS: Temperature control methods,
Body Design & construction, Auxiliary equipment, Types of refrigeration systems. Railway
refrigeration cars.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning / C. P. Arora/ Dhanpat Rai & Co.
2. Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice / Peter Fellows / Woodhead
rd
Publishing / 3 Edition / 2009
3. Guide and Data Book / ASHRAE.
4. Hand Book of Air-Conditioning system design/Carrier.
6
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES
(Elective-I)
UNIT-I:
Introduction, Energy Scenario, Survey of energy resources. Classification and need for
conventional energy resources.
Solar Energy: The Sun-sun-Earth relationship, Basic matter to waste heat energy circuit,
Solar Radiation, Attention, Radiation measuring instruments.
Solar Energy Applications: Solar water heating. Space heating, Active and passive heating.
Energy storage. Selective surface. Solar stills and ponds, solar refrigeration, Photovoltaic
generation.
UNIT -II:
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: Structure of earth, Geothermal Regions, Hot springs. Hot Rocks,
Hot Aquifers. Analytical methods to estimate thermal potential. Harnessing techniques,
Electricity generating systems.
UNIT-ILL:
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION: Nuclear Fusion: Fusion, Fusion reaction, P-P cycle,
Carbon cycle, Deuterium cycle, Condition for controlled fusion, Fuel cells and photovoltaic.
Thermionic & thermoelectric generation, MHD generator.
Hydrogen Gas as Fuel: Production methods, Properties, I.C. Engines applications, Utilization
strategy, Performances.
UNIT-IV:
BIO- ENERGY: Biomass energy sources. Plant productivity, Biomass wastes, aerovic and
Anaerobic bioconversion processed, Raw metrical and properties of bio-gas, Bio-gas plant
technology and status, the energetics and economics of biomass systems, Biomass
gasification
UNIT-V:
WIND ENERGY: Wind, Beaufort number, Characteristics, Wind energy conversion systems,
Types, Betz model. Interference factor. Power coefficient, Torque coefficient and Thrust
coefficient, Lift machines and Drag machines. Matching, Electricity generation.
Energy from Oceans: Tidal energy. Tides. Diurnal and semi-diurnal nature, Power from tides,
Wave Energy, Waves, Theoretical energy available. Calculation of period and phase velocity of
waves, Wave power systems, Submerged devices. Ocean thermal Energy, Principles, Heat
exchangers, Pumping requirements, Practical considerations.
REFERENCES:
1. Renewable Energy Resources- Basic Principles and Applications- G.N.Tiwari and
M.K.Ghosal, Narosa Pub.
2. Renewable Energy Resources/ John Twidell & Tony Weir
3. Biological Energy Resources/ Malcolm Fleischer & Chris Lawis.
7
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS
(Elective-I)
UNIT -I:
REVIEW OF THERMODYNAMIC LAWS AND COROLLARIES: Transient flow analysis,
Second law thermodynamics, Entropy, Availability and unavailability, Thermodynamic
potential. Maxwell relations, Specific heat relations, Mayer's relation. Evaluation of
thermodynamic properties of working substance
UNIT-II:
P.V.T SURFACE: Equation of state. Real gas behavior, Vander Waal's equation,
Generalization compressibility factor. Energy properties of real gases. Vapour pressure,
Clausius, Clapeyro equation. Throttling, Joule. Thompson coefficient. Non reactive mixtures of
perfect gases. Governing laws, Evaluation of properties, Psychometric mixture properties and
psychometric chart, Air conditioning processes, cooling towers. Real gas mixture.
UNIT-III:
COMBUSTION: Combustion Reactions, Enthalpy of formation. Entropy of formation, Reference
levels of tables. Energy of formation, Heat reaction, Adiabatic flame temperature generated
product, Enthalpies, Equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium of ideal gased, Effect of non reacting
gases equilibrium in multiple reactions, The vent hoff’s equation. The chemical potential and
phase equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule.
UNIT-IV:
POWER CYCLES: Review binary vapour cycle, co generation and combined cycles, Second
law analysts of cycles. Refrigeration cycles. Thermodynamics off irreversible processes.
Introduction, Phenomenological laws, Onsaga Reciprocity relation, Applicability of the
Phenomenological relations, Heat flux and entropy production, Thermodynamic phenomena,
Thermo electric circuits.
UNIT-V:
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION INTRODUCTION: Fuel cells, Thermo electric energy,
Thermo ionic power generation, Thermodynamic devices magneto hydronamic generations,
Photovoltaic cells.
REFERENCES:
1. Basic and Applied Thermodynamics/ P.K.Nag/ TMH
2. Thermodynamics/Holman/ Me Graw Hill.
3. Engg. Thermodynamics/PL.Dhar / Elsevier
4. Thermodynamics/Sonnatag & Van Wylen / John Wiley & Sons
5. Thermodynamics for Engineers/Doolittle-Messe / John Wiley & Sons
6. Irreversible thermodynamics/HR De Groff.
7. Thermal Engineering / Soman / PHI
8. Thermal Engineering / Rathore / TMH
8
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(Elective-II)
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION: Finite difference method, finite volume method, finite element method,
governing equations and boundary conditions, Derivation of finite difference equations.
Solution methods: Solution methods of elliptical equations — finite difference formulations,
interactive solution methods, direct method with Gaussian elimination.
Parabolic equations-explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes,
alternating direction implicit schemes, approximate factorization, fractional step methods,
direct method with tridiagonal matrix algorithm.
UNIT - II
Hyperbolic equations: explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes,
multi step methods, nonlinear problems, second order one-dimensional wave equations.
Burgers equations: Explicit and implicit schemes, Runge-Kutta method.
UNIT - III
FORMULATIONS OF INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOWS: Formulations of
incompressible viscous flows by finite difference methods, pressure correction methods,
vortex methods.
Treatment of compressible flows: potential equation, Euler equations, Navier-stokes
system of equations, flow field-dependent variation methods, boundary conditions, example
problems.
UNIT - IV
FINITE VOLUME METHOD: Finite volume method via finite difference method, formulations
for two and three-dimensional problems.
UNIT - V
STANDARD VARIATIONAL METHODS: Linear fluid flow problems, steady state problems,
Transient problems.
REFERENCES:
1. Computational fluid dynamics/ T. J.C’hung/ Cambridge University press,2002.
2. Text book of fluid dynamics/ Frank Choriton/ CBS Publishers & distributors, 1985
3. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow / Suhas V. Patankar/ Hema shava Publishers
corporation & Mc Graw Hill.
4. Computational Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer/ Muralidaran/ Narosa Publications
5. Computational Fluid Dynamics: Basics with applications/John D. Anderson/ Mc Graw Hill.
6. Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics/Tapan K. Sengupta / Universities Press.
7. Introduction to Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics/C. Pozrikidis /Oxford
University Press/2nd Edition
9
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
MAINTANENCE MANAGEMENT
(Elective-II)
UNIT -I:
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF MAINTENANCE: Function of Maintenance,
Maintenance systems, Classification of equipment, Planning and scheduling of
maintenance work.
UNIT -II:
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: Breakdown and Preventive maintenance, Condition
monitoring and signature analysis.
UNIT-III:
Simulation Reliability and Maintainability:
UNIT-IV:
Organization for Maintenance Work: Maintenance Budget
UNIT-V:
Incentive for Maintenance Work: Maintenance Budget
REFERENCES:
1. Maintenance Planning Control and Documentation/ E.N.Whiter Grower Press
2. Maintenance Management / Garg
3. Maintenance Management: Seminar Proceedings, National Productivity Council, New Delhi.
10
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
MATERIAL SCIENCE
(ELECTIVE - II)
UNIT – I
ATOMIC AND IONIC ARRENGEMENTS:
Amorphous Materials : Principles and Technological Applications, Lattice, Unit cell, Basis,
and Crystal Structures, Points, Directions, and Planes in the unit cell, Crystal Strrutures of
Ionic Materials
Implementation in the Atomic and Ionic Arrangements: Points Defects, Dislocations,
Significance of Dislocations, Scmid's Law, Surface defects
UNIT – II
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: FUNDAMENTALS AND TENSILE, HARDNESS, AND
IMPACT TESTING: The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress – Strain Diagram, True Stress and
True Strain, The Bend Test for Brittle Materials, Hardness of Materials, Strian Rate effects
and Impact Behaviour
Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons: Designations and Classification of Steels, Simple
Heat treatments, Isothermal Heat treatments, Quench and Temper Heat treatments, Surface
treatments, Weldability of Steel.
UNIT – III
FRACTURE MECHANICS, FATIGUE, AND CREEP BEHAVIOUR
Fracture Mechanics, The Importance of Fracture Mechanics, Microstructural Features of
Fracture in Metallic Materials., Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and
Composites, Fatugue, Result of the Fatigue test, Application of Fatigue test, Creep, Stress
Ruptur, and Stress Corrosion, Evaluation of creep Behaviour
UNIT – IV
POLYMERS
Classifications of Polymers, Typical Thermoplastics, Strucure - Property Relationship in
thermoplastics, Effect of Temperature on thermoplastics, Mechanical Properties of
thermoplastics, Elastomers (Rubbers), Thermosetting Polymers
Ceramic Materials: Applications of Ceramics, Properties of Ceramics, Characteristics of
Sintered ceramics, Glass Ceramics, Refractories
UNIT – V
COMPOSITES: TEAMWORK AND SYNERGY IN MATERIAL
Particulate Composites, Fibre – Reinforced Composites, Characteristics of Fible – Reinforced
composites, Manufacturing Fiber and Composites, Fiber Reinforced Systems and
Applications, Laminar Composite Materials, Examples and Applications of Laminar
Composites.
REFERENCES:
1. High temperature materials technology /Campbell E.E. and Sherwood /John Wiley
and Sons, 1967
2. High temperature technology /Campbell I.E. /John Wiley
3. High temperature materials /Hehmann R.F./Wiley and sons/1967.
4. Behaviour of high temperature alloys/Proceeding of International conference/ 1979.
11
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION LAB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Find out ice making and COP of domestic refrigerator
Find out COP of Electrolux refrigerator (3 fluid system)
Find out the Cooling capacity and COP of the evaporative condensing unit
Study of the refrigeration equipments (Compressors, Condensers, evaporator, thermostat
valve etc.)
Study of the pull down characteristics of domestic refrigerator
12
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
UNIT-I:
BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER: Conduction:
General heat Conduction equation-initial and boundary conditions.
Transient heat conduction: Lumped system analysis-Heisler charts-semi infinite soliduse of shape factors in conduction-2D transient heat conduction-product solutions.
UNIT- II:
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR CONDUCTION: ID & 2D steady state and
simple transient heat conduction problems-implicit and explicit methods.
Forced Convection: Equations of fluid flow-concepts of continuity, momentum equationsderivation of energy equation-methods to determine heat transfer coefficient: Analytical
methods-dimensional analysis and concept of exact solution. Approximate method-integral
analysis.
UNIT-ILL:
EXTERNAL FLOWS: Flow over a flat plate: integral method for laminar heat transfer coefficient
for
different velocity and temperature profiles. Application of empirical relations to
variation geometries for laminar and turbulent flows.
Internal flows: Fully developed flow: integral analysis for laminar heat transfer coefficienttypes of flow-constant wall temperature and constant heat flux boundary conditionshydrodynamic & thermal entry lengths; use of empirical correlations.
UNIT-IV:
FREE CONVECTION: Approximate analysis on laminar free convective heat transferboussinesque approximation-different geometries-combined free and forced convection.
Boiling and condensation: Boiling curve-correlations-Nusselts theory of film condensation
on a vertical plate-assumptions & correlations of film condensation for different geometries.
UNIT-V:
RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER: Radiant heat exchange in grey, non-grey bodies, with
transmitting. Reflecting and absorbing media, specular surfaces, gas radiation-radiation from
flames.
Mass Transfer: Concepts of mass transfer-diffusion & convective mass transfer
analogies-significance of non-dimensional numbers.
REFERENCES:
1.
Principals of Heat Transfer/Frank Kreith/Cengage Learning
2.
Elements of Heat Transfer/E. Radha Krishna/CRC Press/2012
3.
Heat Transfer/RK Rajput/S.Chand
4.
Introduction to Heat Transfer/SK Som/PHI
5.
Engineering Heat & Mass Transfer/Mahesh Rathore/Lakshmi Publications
6.
Heat Transfer / Necati Ozisik / TMH
7.
Heat Transfer / Nellis & Klein / Cambridge University Press / 2012.
8.
Heat Transfer/ P.S. Ghoshdastidar/ Oxford Press
9.
Engg. Heat & Mass Transfer/ Sarit K. Das/Dhanpat Rai
10. Heat Transfer/ P.K.Nag /TMH
13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING – II
UNIT-I :
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS: All water, All air, air water system. Unitary System, window
air conditioner, split and central air conditioning system, cooling load calculations - occupancy
load, lighting load, appliance load, product load, difference between summer & winter
load calculations.
UNIT-II :
AIR DISTRIBUTION: Room air distribution - types of supply air outlets, mechanism of
flow through outlets, selection and location of outlets, general. considerations. Distribution
patterns of outlets - ducts- Definition and types - materials for ducts and its specification,
friction loss in ducts - grills, diffusers, registers, rectangular equivalent of circular duct. Air duct
designs, duct construction, duct design procedures. Equal friction method, static regain
method, velocity reduction method.
UNIT-III:
THERMAL INSULATION FOR A/C SYSTEM: Method of heat transfer - desired properties
of ideal insulating materials - types of insulating materials. Heat transfer through insulation economic thickness of insulation. Insulation of heated buildings - Insulation for cooling building
and cold storage - pipe insulation.
UNIT-IV:
AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS: Fans and blowers - types of fans- fan characteristiccentrifugal fans, axial fans -- fan arrangements, filters, sources of noise and control, static
pressure calculation for selection of motor and fan. Water supply pipe sizing calculations piping network for supply and return water line - pipe fittings - lining and insulation - piping
system as per ASHRAE standards
UNIT-V:
APPLICATIONS: Air conditioning systems for automobiles (cars, buses etc) - Air
conditioning systems for (trains, ships, aircraft) - Special applications - Computers, hospitals,
cold storages, printing, textiles and leather industries.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by Domkundwar
2. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by V.K. Jain
3. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by C.P. Arora
4. ASHRAE Hand Book
5. Hand Book of Air Conditioning System design by Carrier
14
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
UNIT-I:
VIBRATION AND ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT:
Vibration and acceleration
measuring instruments -linear acceleration using strain gauges, capacitive, mechanical and
electronic tachometers.
UNIT-II:
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT: Resistive, magnetic, capacitive pressure transducers Thermal conductive gauges- Mc-leod gauge, ionization gauge - pressure, measurement using
strain gauges.
UNIT-ILL:
FLOW MEASUREMENTS: Different types of flow transducers - Magnetic flow meters interferometer for visualization - Rotameter other conventional types of obstruction meters.
Level Indicators: Magnetic type float gauge - Oscillator type detectors-liquid and solid level
measurement by variation of capacitance.
UNIT-IV:
CRYOGENIC INSTRUMENTATION: Low temperature measurements, measurement of
micro-temperatures.
Measurement of Strain: Use of resistance strain gauge in measuring different
mechanical input systems.
UNIT-V:
AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROLS: Introduction - Types, direct & reverse acting thermostats,
with receiver controller - liquid valves, fail safe design, throttling range - dampers, outdoor
air control - freeze protection - building up a control system, humidi stats and humidifiers- valve
characteristics and selection.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Instrumentation for engineering measurement /R.H. Cerrni & L.E. Foster/ wily 1982
Instrumentation in Scientific research/K.S, Lion/ Megravv Hill
Automatic process control/ D.P. Eckman /Wiley
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning/W.F. Stooecker, J.W. Jone/ McGraw Hill 1982
15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS AND CONTROLS
UNIT-I :
COMPRESSORS-TYPES : constructional details of reciprocating compressors - volumetric
efficiency-factors affecting volumetric efficiency-effects of evaporator and condenser
pressures- centrifugal compressor - constructional details, applications : Comparison with
reciprocating compressors - screw compressors, working principle, single screw and
double screw compressor, lubricating oils-rotary compressor-single vane and multivane
compressor surging.
UNIT-II:
CONDENSERS: types-water cooled & air cooled condensers-evaporative type, thermal
design of compressor-temperature distribution and heat flow in a condenser, pressure drop,
fouling factor-LMTD correction factor. (No problems)
Cooling Towers: Classification-performance of cooling towers-analysis of counter flow
cooling towers-enthalpy-temperature diagram of air and water.
Cooling ponds: types-cross flow cooling towers-procedure for calibration of outlet
conditions.
UNIT-III:
EVAPORATORS: types-flooded & dry evaporators-natural & forced convection type-shell &
tube, shell & coil, plate type-secondary evaporators-temperature distribution and heat flow in
evaporators-pressure drop, fouling correction factor, (no problems)
UNIT-IV:
EXPANSION DEVICES - Capillary tube, thermostatic expansion valve, float valve, automatic
expansion valve, solenoid control valve— pipe design-general-water piping, refrigerant piping
& steam piping-water treatment-corrosion control, scale formation control.
UNIT-V:
INSTALLATION OF VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: evaluation &
dehydration-testing for leakages-charging-adding oil defrosting-methods-material, automatic,
periodic defrosting-solid & liquid adsorbents; water defrosting - defrosting by reversing the
cycle, automatic hot gas defrosting-thermo balance defrosting, electric control defrosting (no
problems)
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / Stoecker/ TMGH 1982
2. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / Domkundwar/Danapathi Rai
3. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / C.P. Arora/
4. ASHRAE guide & data book application
16
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
(Elective-III)
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Principles of energy management. Managerial organization, Functional
areas for i) manufacturing industry, ii) Process industry, iii) Commerce, iv) Government, Role
of Energy manager in each of these organizations. Initiating, Organizing and managing
energy management programs
UNIT -II
ENERGY AUDIT: Definition and concepts. Types of energy audits, Basic energy concepts,
Resources for plant energy studies. Data gathering, Analytical techniques. Energy
Conservation: Technologies for energy conservation, Design for conservation of energy
materials, Energy flow networks. Critical assessment of energy usage. Formulation of
objectives and constrains, Synthesis of alternative options and technical analysis of options.
Process integration.
UNIT-III
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: Scope, Characterization of an investment project. Types of
depreciation, Time value of money. Budget considerations, Risk analysis.
UNIT-IV
METHODS OF EVALUATION OF PROJECTS: Payback, Annualized costs, Investor's rate of
return, Present worth, Internal rate of return, Pros and cons of the common method of
analysis, Replacement analysis.
UNIT-V
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: SOLAR ENERGY: Types of devices for solar energy
collections, Thermal storage system, Control systems. Wind Energy, Availability, Wind
Devices, Wind Characteristics, performance of turbines and systems.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Energy Management Hand Book / W.C. Turner (Ed)
Energy Management Principles / CB Smith/ Pergamon Press
Energy Management / W.R.Murthy and G.Mc.Kay / BS Publication
Management / H.Koontz and Cyrill Donnel / McGraw Hill
Financial Management / S.C.Kuchhal / Chaitanya Publishing House
17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
EQUIPMENT DESIGN FOR THERMAL SYSTEMS
(Elective-III)
UNIT -I:
CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS: Introduction, Recuperation & regeneration,
Tabular heat exchangers, Double pipe, shell & tube heat exchanger, Plate heat Exchangers,
Gasketed plate heat exchanger. Spiral plate heat exchanger, Lamella heat exchanger, Extended
surface heat exchanger, Plate fin and Tabular fin.
Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchanger: Introduction, Basic equations in design,
Overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD method for heat exchanger analysis, Parallel flow,
Counter flow. Multipass, cross flow heat exchanger design calculations:
UNIT-II:
DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER: Film coefficient for fluids in annulus, fouling factors,
Calorific temperature, Average fluid temperature, The calculation of double pipe exchanger,
Double pipe exchangers in series parallel arrangements.
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS: Tube layouts for exchangers, Baffle heat
exchangers, Calculation of shell and tube heat exchangers, Shell side film coefficients, Shell
side equivalent diameter, The true temperature difference in a 1-2 heat exchanger. Influence
of approach temperature on correction factor. Shell side pressure drop, Tube side pressure
drop, Analysis of performance of 1-2 heat exchanger and design of shell & tube heat
exchangers, Flow arrangements for increased heat recovery, the calculation of 2-4
exchangers.
UNIT-III:
CONDENSATION OF SINGLE VAPOURS: Calculation of horizontal condenser, Vertical
condenser, De-Super heater condenser, Vertical condenser-sub-Cooler, Horizontal
Condenser-Sub cooler, Vertical reflux type condenser. Condensation of steam.
UNIT-IV:
VAPORIZERS, EVAPORATORS AND REBOILERS: Vaporizing processes, Forced
circulation vaporizing exchanger, Natural circulation vaporizing exchangers, Calculations of a
reboiler. Extended Surfaces: Longitudinal fins. Weighted fin efficiency curve, Calculation of a
Double pipe fin efficiency curve. Calculation of a double pipe finned exchanger,
Calculation of a longitudinal fin shell and tube exchanger.
UNIT-V:
DIRECT CONTACT HEAT EXCHANGER: Cooling towers, relation between wet bulb & dew
point temperatures, The Lewis number and Classification of cooling towers, Cooling tower
internals and the roll of fill, Heat Balance. Heat Transfer by simultaneous diffusion and
convection, Analysis of cooling tower requirements, Deign of cooling towers, Determination
of the number of diffusion units, Calculation of cooling tower performance.
REFERENCES:
1. Process Heat Transfer/D.Q.Kern/ TMH
2. Heat Exchanger Design/ A.P.Fraas and M.N.Ozisicj/ John Wiley & sons, New York.
3. Cooling Towers / J.D.Gurney
18
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
(Elective-III)
UNIT-I:
Introduction to FEM, basic concepts, historical back ground, applications of FEM, general
description, comparison of FEM with other methods, variational approach, Glerkin’s Methods.
Co-ordinates, basic element shapes, interpolation function, Virtual energy principle, Rayleigh
– Ritz method, properties of stiffness matrix, treatment of boundary conditions, solution of
system of equations, shape functions and characteristics, Basic equations of elasticity, straindisplacement relations.
UNIT-II:
1-D STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS: Axial bar element – stiffness matrix, load vector,
temperature effects, Quadratic shape functions and problems.
ANALYSIS OF TRUSSES : Plane Trusses and Space Truss elements and problems
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS : Hermite shape functions – stiffness matrix – Load vector –
Problems.
UNIT-III:
2-D PROBLEMS: CST, LST, force terms, Stiffness matrix and load vectors, boundary
conditions, Isoparametric elements – quadrilateral element, shape functions – Numerical
Integration.
Finite element modeling of Axi-symmetric solids subjected to Axi-symmetric loading with
triangular elements.
3-D PROBLEMS: Tetrahedran element – Jacobian matrix – Stiffness matrix.
UNIT-VI:
SCALAR FIELD PROBLEMS: 1-D Heat conduction-Slabs – fins - 2-D heat conduction
problems – Introduction to Torsional problems.
UNIT-V:
Dynamic considerations, Dynamic equations – consistent mass matrix – Eigen Values, Eigen
vector, natural frequencies – mode shapes – modal analysis.
REFERENCES:
1. The Finite Element Methods in Engineering / SS Rao / Pergamon.
2. Finite Element Methods: Basic Concepts and applications, Alavala, PHI
3. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering, Chandrupatla, Ashok and
Belegundu, Prentice – Hall
4. Finite Element Method – Zincowitz / Mc Graw Hill
5. Introduction to Fininte element analysis- S.Md.Jalaludeen,Anuradha Publications,
print-2012
6. A First Course in the Finite Element Method/Daryl L Logan/Cengage Learning/5th
Edition
7. Finite Element Method – Krishna Murthy / TMH
8. Finite Element Analysis – Bathe / PHI
19
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
THERMAL AND NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS
(Elective-IV)
UNIT -I:
INTRODUCTION: Sources of energy, Type of Power plants. Direct energy conversion system,
Energy sources in India, Recent developments in power generation, Combustion of coal,
Volumetric analysis, Gravimetric analysis. Fuel gas analysis.
Steam power plant: Introduction. General layout of steam power plant, Modern coal. Fired
Steam, Steam power plant. Power plant cycle, Fuel Handling, Combustion equipment, Ash
handling, Dust collectors.
Steam Generators: Types, Accessories. Feed water heaters, Performance of boiling, Water
treatment, Cooling towers. Steam turbines. Compounding of turbines, Steam condensers, Jet
and surface condensers.
UNIT-II:
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT: Cogeneration. Combined cycle power plant, Analysis,
Waste heat recovery, IGCC power plant, Fluidized bed, Combustion, Advantages,
Disadvantages
UNIT-III:
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT: Nuclear physics, Nuclear Reactor, Classification, Types of
reactors, Site selection. Method of enriching uranium. Application of nuclear power plant.
Nuclear Power Plant Safety: Bi-Product of nuclear power generation, Economics of nuclear
power plant, Nuclear power plant in India, Future of nuclear power.
UNIT-IV:
ECONOMICS OF POWER GENERATION: Factors affecting the economics, Loading factors,
Utilization factor, Performance and operating characteristics of power plant, Point economic
load sharing, Depreciation. Energy rate, Criteria for optimum loading. Specific economic
energy problem
UNIT-V:
POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATIONS: Classification, Pressure measuring instrument,
Temperature measurement and Flow Measurement, Analysis of combustion gases,
Pollution types, Methods of control.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Power Plant Engineering / P.K.Naga / TMH
Power Plant Engineering / R.K.Rajput/ Lakshmi Publications.
Power Plant Engineering / P.C.Sharma/ Kotearia Publications.
Power Plant Technology / Wakil.
20
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING
(Elective-IV)
UNIT -I:
INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: Mechanical Properties at low temperatures.
Properties of Cryogenic Fluids.
Gas Liquefaction: Minimum work for liquefaction. Methods to protect low temperature.
Liquefaction systems for gages other than Neon. Hydrogen and Helium.
UNIT II:
LIQUEFACTION SYSTEMS FOR NEON, HYDROGEN AND HELIUM: Components of
Liquefaction systems. Heat exchangers. Compressors and expanders. Expansion valve,
Losses in real machines.
UNIT-ILL:
GAS SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION SYSTEMS: Properties of mixtures, Principles of
mixtures, Principles of gas separation, Air separation systems.
UNIT-IV:
CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: Working Medium, Solids, Liquids, Gases,
Cryogenic fluid storage & transfer, Cryogenic storage systems, Insulation, Fluid transfer
mechanisms, Cryostat, Cryo Coolers
UNIT-V:
APPLICATIONS: Space technology, In-Flight air separation and collection of LOX, Gas
industry, Biology, Medicine, Electronics.
REFERENCES:
1. Cryogenic Systems/ R.F.Barren/ Oxford University Press
2. Cryogenic Research and Applications: Marshal Sitting/ Von Nostrand/ Inc. New Jersey
3. Cryogenic Heat Transfer/ R.F.Baron
4. Cryogenic Engineering Edit / B.A. Hands/ Academic Press, 1986
5. Cryogenic Engineering/ R.B.Scottm Vin Nostrand/ Inc. New Jersey, 1959
6. Experimental Techniques in Low Temperature Physics- O.K. White, Oxford Press, 1968
7. Cryogenic Process Engineering/ K.D. Timmerhaus & TM Flynn/ Plenum Press, 1998
21
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
TURBO MACHINES
(Elective-IV)
UNIT-I:
FUNDAMENTALS OF TURBO MACHINES: Classifications, Applications, Thermodynamic
analysis, Isentropic flow. Energy transfer. Efficiencies, Static and Stagnation conditions,
Continuity equations, Euler's flow through variable cross sectional areas, Unsteady flow in turbo
machines
UNIT -II:
STEAM NOZZLES: Convergent and Convergent-Divergent nozzles, Energy Balance, Effect of
back pressure of analysis. Designs of nozzles.
Steam Turbines: Impulse turbines, Compounding, Work done and Velocity triangle,
Efficiencies, Constant reactions, Blading, Design of blade passages, Angle and height,
Secondary flow. Leakage losses, Thermodynamic analysis of steam turbines.
UNIT-III:
GAS DYNAMICS: Fundamental thermodynamic concepts, isentropic conditions, mach
numbers and area, Velocity relations, Dynamic Pressure, Normal shock relation for perfect gas.
Super sonic flow, oblique shock waves. Normal shock recoveries, Detached shocks, Aerofoil
theory.
Centrifugal compressor: Types, Velocity triangles and efficiencies, Blade passage design,
Diffuserand pressure recovery. Slip factor, Stanitz and Stodolas formula's, Effect of inlet mach
numbers, Pre whirl, Performance
UNIT-IV:
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS: Flow Analysis, Work and velocity triangles, Efficiencies,
Thermodynamic analysis. Stage pressure rise, Degree of reaction, Stage Loading, General
design, Effect of velocity, Incidence, Performance
Cascade Analysis: Geometrical and terminology. Blade force, Efficiencies, Losses, Free end
force, Vortex Blades.
UNIT-V:
AXIAL FLOW GAS TURBINES: Work done. Velocity triangle and efficiencies, Thermodynamic
flow analysis, Degree of reaction, Zweifels relation, Design cascade analysis,
Soderberg, Hawthrone, Ainley, Correlations, Secondary flow, Free vortex blade, Blade
angles for variable degree of reaction. Actuator disc, Theory, Stress in blades, Blade
assembling, Material and cooling of blades, Performances, Matching of compressors and
turbines, Off design performance
REFERENCES:
1.
Fundamentals of Turbo Machines/Shepherd /
2.
Element of Gas Dynamics/Yahya
3.
Turbines, Pumps, Compressors/Yahya
4.
Practice on Turbo Machines/ G.Gopal Krishnan & D.Prithviraj/ Sci Tech
Publishers, Chennai
5.
Theory and practice of Steam Turbines/ Kearton
6.
Gas Turbines Theory and Practice/Zucrow
7.
Element of Gas Dynamics/Liepeman and Roshkow/ Dover Publications.
22
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING LAB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Find out the COP and Cooling Capacity of window Air Conditioning System
Find out the efficiency of air washer test rig
Find out the Humidified efficiency and overall efficiency of the experimental
Cooling tower
Find the COP, Cooling Capacity and bypass factor of the Air Condition test rig
COP of miniature centralized AC unit
Simple Cooling and heating load calculations using related software
23
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
(Established by an Act No.30 of 2008 of A.P. State Legislature)
Kukatpally, Hyderabad – 500 085, Andhra Pradesh (India)
M. TECH. (HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING)
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I Year I Semester
Code
Group
Subject
Refrigeration
Air Conditioning-I
Heating System
Ventilation System
Food Processing Technology
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
Advanced Thermodynamics
L
3
3
3
3
3
P
0
0
0
0
0
Credits
3
3
3
3
3
Elective -II
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Maintenance Management
Material Science
3
0
3
Lab
Refrigeration Lab
Seminar
Total Credits
0
18
3
3
2
2
22
Subject
Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer
Air-Conditioning -II
Advance Instrumentation Control Systems
Refrigeration &A/C Equipments & Control
Energy Management
Equipment Design for Thermal Systems
Advanced Finite Element Analysis
Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants
Cryogenic Engineering
Turbo Machines
Air-Conditioning Lab
Seminar
Total Credits
L
3
3
3
3
3
P
0
0
0
0
0
Credits
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
3
0
18
3
3
2
2
22
Subject
Comprehensive Viva
Project Seminar
Project work
Total Credits
L
0
-
P
3
3
Credits
2
2
18
22
Subject
Project work and Seminar
Total Credits
L
-
P
-
Credits
22
22
Elective –I
I Year II Semester
Code
Group
Elective –III
Elective -IV
Lab
II Year - I Semester
Code
Group
II Year - II Semester
Code
Group
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION
UNIT-I:
VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM: Analysis of vapour compression refrigeration cycle
Reverse Carnot Cycle for vapour. Effect of suction temperature and condensing temperature on
cycle performance. Practical refrigeration cycle, Sub cooled liquid and super heated vapour
refrigeration cycles, their effect on performance. Multi-pressure system. Removal of flash gas,
inter cooling. Compound compression- Multi vapour- Cascade system- dry ice system
UNIT -II:
VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM: Simple vapour Absorption system-Actual vapour
absorption cycle-representation on enthalpy concentration h-c diagram, Water lithium
bromide absorption system. Electrolux refrigerator- Aqua Ammonia Refrigeration System.
UNIT-ILL:
AIRCRAFT REFRIGERATION: Steam jet water vapour system, thermoelectric refrigeration
system, Vortex refrigeration system, Pulse refrigeration.
UNIT-IV:
INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION: Chemical and process industries, Diary plants, Petroleum
Refineries
UNIT-V:
REFRIGERANTS: Primary and secondary refrigerants. Designation of refrigerants, Desirable
properties of refrigerants such as solubility in water and lubricating oil. Material compatibility,
Toxicity, Flammability, Thermodynamic properties of refrigerants, Inorganic, Halo carbon
refrigerants. Secondary refrigerants. Refrigerants mixtures, Newer refrigerants.
REFERENCES:
1. R&AC / C.P Arora./ TMGn).
2. R&AC / Manohar Prasad.
3. R&AC / F. Stoecker & Jerold. W. Jones./ MGH Intrl 1982
4. Principles of Refrigeration / Roy. J. Dossat./.
2
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING - I
UNIT - I:
PSYCHROMETRY: Properties of moist air. Important Psychrometry properties, Dry bulb
temperature, Humidity ratio, degree of saturation, Dew point temperature and Enthalpy,
Psychometric chart and ASHRAE chart. Psychrometric process in air conditioning equipment,
Bypass factor and sensible heat factor.
UNIT - II:
APPLIED PSYCHROMETRY: Use of Effective and grand sensible heat factor, Selection of
air conditioning equipment for cooling and dehumidification. High latent cooling load
applications, All outdoor air applications.
UNIT- III:
AIR CONDITIONING PROCESSES: Mixing process- Summer, winter and year round air
Conditioning system, Hot and dry outdoor conditions. Hot and humid outdoor conditions.
Winter air conditioning system. Year round air conditioning system.
UNIT- IV:
PROCESS OF COOLING: Heating and dehumidifying coils, Air washers. Cooling by dry and
wet coils, Use of hygroscopic solution in air washers, Adiabatic dehumidifiers. Humidifiers,
Water injection. Steam injection.
UNIT - V:
COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING: Thermodynamics of human body. Body regulation process
against heat and cold. Comfort & Comfort chart, Effective temperature, Factors governing
optimum effective temperature, Design consideration. Selection of outside and inside design
conditions, Air conditioning control systems, basic elements of the control system,
Temperature, Humidity & Pressure controls, Refrigeration, Room thermostat.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / C.P.Arora / TMH
2. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpat Rai & Co.
3. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / R C Arora / PHI / 2012
4. Hand Book of Air Conditioning System Design / Carrier
5. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning / S.C. Jain / Chand and Co.
6. ASHRAE Hand Book / Volume 1& 2.
3
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
HEATING SYSTEM
UNIT-I:
BUILDING SURVEY-location of equipment. Heat gain through glass-calculation of solar heat
gain through ordinary glass tables-shading devices-effect of shading devices. Thermal
resistance of various building materials.
UNIT-II:
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH BUILDING STRUCTURES: Periodic heat transfer through
walls and roofs. Empirical methods to calculate heat transfer through walls and roofs using
decrement factor and time lag method. Equivalent temperature difference method. Infiltrationtack effect-wind effect.
UNIT-ILL:
HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS: Winter heating load calculation-heat losses through
structure-heat losses due to infiltration. Effects of solar radiation and internal heat sources on
heating loads. Methods for estimating energy requirements for heating.
UNIT-IV:
AIR HEATING SYSTEM: Classification - gravity warm heating system, forced warm air
heating system-balancing a warm air heating system, warm air furnaces, air cleaners,
humidifiers & De-humidifiers, advantages & Disadvantages of warm air heating system.
Common problems and remedies of warm air heating system.
UNIT- V:
HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM OR HYDROULIC HEATING SYSTEM: Classificationbased on water circulation, piping arrangement i.e. one pipe system, two pipe direct
return system, gravity hot water system. One pipe & two pipe gravity hot water heating.
Forced hot water heating system, gas boilers, circulating pump, radiation
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
th
HVAC Fundamentals Volume-l / James E. Brumbou / Audel / 4 Edition
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems / Robert Mcdowall / Academic Press / 2007
Home Heating & Air Conditioning systems / James Kittle / MGH
HVAC Fundamentals / Samuel C. Sugarman / Fairmont Press / 2005.
R&AC Hand Book by ISHRAE
4
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
VENTILATION SYSTEM
UNIT-I:
Introduction- Fundamentals of good indoor air quality Need for building ventilation, Effects of
R.H. in building ventilation, Control of microbial growth, Psychometric performance of contact
volume system. Types of ventilation system. Supply system, Exhaust system.
UNIT -II:
DEVICES USED IN SUPPLY SYSTEMS: Air Inlet system. Filters heating & cooling
equipment, Fans, Duct, Grills, Diffusers, For distribution of air in the work place.
UNIT-III:
EXHAUST SYSTEMS: General exhaust systems. Local exhaust system, Removal of
pollutants and contaminated air. Air cleaning devices, Fans.
UNIT-IV:
VENTILATION IN KITCHEN: Cooking, Exhaust flow, IMC (International Mechanical Code)
Calculation of appliances area, Contaminated air, Free foot area. Total air flow volume with
example. Types of hood, Design of hood. Design factors, Integrated air curtains, Combination
hood.
UNIT-V:
VENTILATION OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING: Design of commercial, Residential ventilation
system.
REFERENCES:
1. Ventilation Systems: Design and Performance/ Hazim B. Awbi. / Routledge / 2007.
2. Portable Ventilation Systems Hand Book / Neil McManus / CRC Press / 2000.
th
3. Design of Industrial Ventilation Systems / John L Alden / Industrial Press / 5 Edition.
4. Industrial Ventilation Applications / ISHRAE Hand Book / 2009.
5. Engineering bulletin / TRANE Company.
6. HVAC Hand book / ISHRAE.
7. Industrial Ventilation Applications / ASHRAE Hand Book / 2009.
5
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(Elective-I)
UNIT-I:
THEORIES AND METHOD OF CHILLING: Freezing and free de-humidification, Preparation
for freezing, Freezing methods. Commercial freezing methods, Sharp, quick and air blast
freezing, Freezing drying - Methods of pre-cooling fruits and vegetables, Hydro cooling,
Forced air cooling and Vacuum cooling.
UNIT-II:
PROCESSING OF MEAT PRODUCTS: Refrigeration systems for carcass chilling and
holding, Chilled brine spray, Sprayed coil, Dry coil systems. Chilling and freezing
variety meats, Overnight chilling, Quick chilling. Effect of freezing temperature on quality of
meat products.
Fishery Products: Icing of fish. Saltwater icing. Freezing methods, Slow freezing Blast
freezing, Plate Freezing and Immersion freezing offish.
UNIT-III:
DAIRY PRODUCTS: Milk processing, Handling, Diary plant procedure. Standardizing,
Pasteurization, Homogenizing and Container filling.
Fruit Juice Concentrations: Processing and quality control selection, Grading and handling
of fresh fruit, Washing, Juice extraction, Heat Treatment, Flavour fortification, Packing storage
and distribution, Convection methods, freezing and mechanical separation. Low temperature
vacuum evaporation, Direct refrigerant contach method. Indirect refrigerant contact methods,
High temperature short time evaporations.
UNIT-IV:
REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE: Factors affecting warehouse design, Building location,
Design reduction. Shipping and receiving plant forms. Utility space, Controlled atmospheric
storage rooms. Jacketed storages. Automated warehouse insulation, Cold storage doors.
UNIT-V:
REFRIGERATED TRUCKS, TRAILERS & CONTAINERS: Temperature control methods,
Body Design & construction, Auxiliary equipment, Types of refrigeration systems. Railway
refrigeration cars.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning / C. P. Arora/ Dhanpat Rai & Co.
2. Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice / Peter Fellows / Woodhead
rd
Publishing / 3 Edition / 2009
3. Guide and Data Book / ASHRAE.
4. Hand Book of Air-Conditioning system design/Carrier.
6
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES
(Elective-I)
UNIT-I:
Introduction, Energy Scenario, Survey of energy resources. Classification and need for
conventional energy resources.
Solar Energy: The Sun-sun-Earth relationship, Basic matter to waste heat energy circuit,
Solar Radiation, Attention, Radiation measuring instruments.
Solar Energy Applications: Solar water heating. Space heating, Active and passive heating.
Energy storage. Selective surface. Solar stills and ponds, solar refrigeration, Photovoltaic
generation.
UNIT -II:
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: Structure of earth, Geothermal Regions, Hot springs. Hot Rocks,
Hot Aquifers. Analytical methods to estimate thermal potential. Harnessing techniques,
Electricity generating systems.
UNIT-ILL:
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION: Nuclear Fusion: Fusion, Fusion reaction, P-P cycle,
Carbon cycle, Deuterium cycle, Condition for controlled fusion, Fuel cells and photovoltaic.
Thermionic & thermoelectric generation, MHD generator.
Hydrogen Gas as Fuel: Production methods, Properties, I.C. Engines applications, Utilization
strategy, Performances.
UNIT-IV:
BIO- ENERGY: Biomass energy sources. Plant productivity, Biomass wastes, aerovic and
Anaerobic bioconversion processed, Raw metrical and properties of bio-gas, Bio-gas plant
technology and status, the energetics and economics of biomass systems, Biomass
gasification
UNIT-V:
WIND ENERGY: Wind, Beaufort number, Characteristics, Wind energy conversion systems,
Types, Betz model. Interference factor. Power coefficient, Torque coefficient and Thrust
coefficient, Lift machines and Drag machines. Matching, Electricity generation.
Energy from Oceans: Tidal energy. Tides. Diurnal and semi-diurnal nature, Power from tides,
Wave Energy, Waves, Theoretical energy available. Calculation of period and phase velocity of
waves, Wave power systems, Submerged devices. Ocean thermal Energy, Principles, Heat
exchangers, Pumping requirements, Practical considerations.
REFERENCES:
1. Renewable Energy Resources- Basic Principles and Applications- G.N.Tiwari and
M.K.Ghosal, Narosa Pub.
2. Renewable Energy Resources/ John Twidell & Tony Weir
3. Biological Energy Resources/ Malcolm Fleischer & Chris Lawis.
7
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS
(Elective-I)
UNIT -I:
REVIEW OF THERMODYNAMIC LAWS AND COROLLARIES: Transient flow analysis,
Second law thermodynamics, Entropy, Availability and unavailability, Thermodynamic
potential. Maxwell relations, Specific heat relations, Mayer's relation. Evaluation of
thermodynamic properties of working substance
UNIT-II:
P.V.T SURFACE: Equation of state. Real gas behavior, Vander Waal's equation,
Generalization compressibility factor. Energy properties of real gases. Vapour pressure,
Clausius, Clapeyro equation. Throttling, Joule. Thompson coefficient. Non reactive mixtures of
perfect gases. Governing laws, Evaluation of properties, Psychometric mixture properties and
psychometric chart, Air conditioning processes, cooling towers. Real gas mixture.
UNIT-III:
COMBUSTION: Combustion Reactions, Enthalpy of formation. Entropy of formation, Reference
levels of tables. Energy of formation, Heat reaction, Adiabatic flame temperature generated
product, Enthalpies, Equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium of ideal gased, Effect of non reacting
gases equilibrium in multiple reactions, The vent hoff’s equation. The chemical potential and
phase equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule.
UNIT-IV:
POWER CYCLES: Review binary vapour cycle, co generation and combined cycles, Second
law analysts of cycles. Refrigeration cycles. Thermodynamics off irreversible processes.
Introduction, Phenomenological laws, Onsaga Reciprocity relation, Applicability of the
Phenomenological relations, Heat flux and entropy production, Thermodynamic phenomena,
Thermo electric circuits.
UNIT-V:
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION INTRODUCTION: Fuel cells, Thermo electric energy,
Thermo ionic power generation, Thermodynamic devices magneto hydronamic generations,
Photovoltaic cells.
REFERENCES:
1. Basic and Applied Thermodynamics/ P.K.Nag/ TMH
2. Thermodynamics/Holman/ Me Graw Hill.
3. Engg. Thermodynamics/PL.Dhar / Elsevier
4. Thermodynamics/Sonnatag & Van Wylen / John Wiley & Sons
5. Thermodynamics for Engineers/Doolittle-Messe / John Wiley & Sons
6. Irreversible thermodynamics/HR De Groff.
7. Thermal Engineering / Soman / PHI
8. Thermal Engineering / Rathore / TMH
8
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(Elective-II)
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION: Finite difference method, finite volume method, finite element method,
governing equations and boundary conditions, Derivation of finite difference equations.
Solution methods: Solution methods of elliptical equations — finite difference formulations,
interactive solution methods, direct method with Gaussian elimination.
Parabolic equations-explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes,
alternating direction implicit schemes, approximate factorization, fractional step methods,
direct method with tridiagonal matrix algorithm.
UNIT - II
Hyperbolic equations: explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes,
multi step methods, nonlinear problems, second order one-dimensional wave equations.
Burgers equations: Explicit and implicit schemes, Runge-Kutta method.
UNIT - III
FORMULATIONS OF INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOWS: Formulations of
incompressible viscous flows by finite difference methods, pressure correction methods,
vortex methods.
Treatment of compressible flows: potential equation, Euler equations, Navier-stokes
system of equations, flow field-dependent variation methods, boundary conditions, example
problems.
UNIT - IV
FINITE VOLUME METHOD: Finite volume method via finite difference method, formulations
for two and three-dimensional problems.
UNIT - V
STANDARD VARIATIONAL METHODS: Linear fluid flow problems, steady state problems,
Transient problems.
REFERENCES:
1. Computational fluid dynamics/ T. J.C’hung/ Cambridge University press,2002.
2. Text book of fluid dynamics/ Frank Choriton/ CBS Publishers & distributors, 1985
3. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow / Suhas V. Patankar/ Hema shava Publishers
corporation & Mc Graw Hill.
4. Computational Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer/ Muralidaran/ Narosa Publications
5. Computational Fluid Dynamics: Basics with applications/John D. Anderson/ Mc Graw Hill.
6. Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics/Tapan K. Sengupta / Universities Press.
7. Introduction to Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics/C. Pozrikidis /Oxford
University Press/2nd Edition
9
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
MAINTANENCE MANAGEMENT
(Elective-II)
UNIT -I:
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF MAINTENANCE: Function of Maintenance,
Maintenance systems, Classification of equipment, Planning and scheduling of
maintenance work.
UNIT -II:
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: Breakdown and Preventive maintenance, Condition
monitoring and signature analysis.
UNIT-III:
Simulation Reliability and Maintainability:
UNIT-IV:
Organization for Maintenance Work: Maintenance Budget
UNIT-V:
Incentive for Maintenance Work: Maintenance Budget
REFERENCES:
1. Maintenance Planning Control and Documentation/ E.N.Whiter Grower Press
2. Maintenance Management / Garg
3. Maintenance Management: Seminar Proceedings, National Productivity Council, New Delhi.
10
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
MATERIAL SCIENCE
(ELECTIVE - II)
UNIT – I
ATOMIC AND IONIC ARRENGEMENTS:
Amorphous Materials : Principles and Technological Applications, Lattice, Unit cell, Basis,
and Crystal Structures, Points, Directions, and Planes in the unit cell, Crystal Strrutures of
Ionic Materials
Implementation in the Atomic and Ionic Arrangements: Points Defects, Dislocations,
Significance of Dislocations, Scmid's Law, Surface defects
UNIT – II
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: FUNDAMENTALS AND TENSILE, HARDNESS, AND
IMPACT TESTING: The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress – Strain Diagram, True Stress and
True Strain, The Bend Test for Brittle Materials, Hardness of Materials, Strian Rate effects
and Impact Behaviour
Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons: Designations and Classification of Steels, Simple
Heat treatments, Isothermal Heat treatments, Quench and Temper Heat treatments, Surface
treatments, Weldability of Steel.
UNIT – III
FRACTURE MECHANICS, FATIGUE, AND CREEP BEHAVIOUR
Fracture Mechanics, The Importance of Fracture Mechanics, Microstructural Features of
Fracture in Metallic Materials., Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and
Composites, Fatugue, Result of the Fatigue test, Application of Fatigue test, Creep, Stress
Ruptur, and Stress Corrosion, Evaluation of creep Behaviour
UNIT – IV
POLYMERS
Classifications of Polymers, Typical Thermoplastics, Strucure - Property Relationship in
thermoplastics, Effect of Temperature on thermoplastics, Mechanical Properties of
thermoplastics, Elastomers (Rubbers), Thermosetting Polymers
Ceramic Materials: Applications of Ceramics, Properties of Ceramics, Characteristics of
Sintered ceramics, Glass Ceramics, Refractories
UNIT – V
COMPOSITES: TEAMWORK AND SYNERGY IN MATERIAL
Particulate Composites, Fibre – Reinforced Composites, Characteristics of Fible – Reinforced
composites, Manufacturing Fiber and Composites, Fiber Reinforced Systems and
Applications, Laminar Composite Materials, Examples and Applications of Laminar
Composites.
REFERENCES:
1. High temperature materials technology /Campbell E.E. and Sherwood /John Wiley
and Sons, 1967
2. High temperature technology /Campbell I.E. /John Wiley
3. High temperature materials /Hehmann R.F./Wiley and sons/1967.
4. Behaviour of high temperature alloys/Proceeding of International conference/ 1979.
11
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -I Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION LAB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Find out ice making and COP of domestic refrigerator
Find out COP of Electrolux refrigerator (3 fluid system)
Find out the Cooling capacity and COP of the evaporative condensing unit
Study of the refrigeration equipments (Compressors, Condensers, evaporator, thermostat
valve etc.)
Study of the pull down characteristics of domestic refrigerator
12
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
UNIT-I:
BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER: Conduction:
General heat Conduction equation-initial and boundary conditions.
Transient heat conduction: Lumped system analysis-Heisler charts-semi infinite soliduse of shape factors in conduction-2D transient heat conduction-product solutions.
UNIT- II:
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR CONDUCTION: ID & 2D steady state and
simple transient heat conduction problems-implicit and explicit methods.
Forced Convection: Equations of fluid flow-concepts of continuity, momentum equationsderivation of energy equation-methods to determine heat transfer coefficient: Analytical
methods-dimensional analysis and concept of exact solution. Approximate method-integral
analysis.
UNIT-ILL:
EXTERNAL FLOWS: Flow over a flat plate: integral method for laminar heat transfer coefficient
for
different velocity and temperature profiles. Application of empirical relations to
variation geometries for laminar and turbulent flows.
Internal flows: Fully developed flow: integral analysis for laminar heat transfer coefficienttypes of flow-constant wall temperature and constant heat flux boundary conditionshydrodynamic & thermal entry lengths; use of empirical correlations.
UNIT-IV:
FREE CONVECTION: Approximate analysis on laminar free convective heat transferboussinesque approximation-different geometries-combined free and forced convection.
Boiling and condensation: Boiling curve-correlations-Nusselts theory of film condensation
on a vertical plate-assumptions & correlations of film condensation for different geometries.
UNIT-V:
RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER: Radiant heat exchange in grey, non-grey bodies, with
transmitting. Reflecting and absorbing media, specular surfaces, gas radiation-radiation from
flames.
Mass Transfer: Concepts of mass transfer-diffusion & convective mass transfer
analogies-significance of non-dimensional numbers.
REFERENCES:
1.
Principals of Heat Transfer/Frank Kreith/Cengage Learning
2.
Elements of Heat Transfer/E. Radha Krishna/CRC Press/2012
3.
Heat Transfer/RK Rajput/S.Chand
4.
Introduction to Heat Transfer/SK Som/PHI
5.
Engineering Heat & Mass Transfer/Mahesh Rathore/Lakshmi Publications
6.
Heat Transfer / Necati Ozisik / TMH
7.
Heat Transfer / Nellis & Klein / Cambridge University Press / 2012.
8.
Heat Transfer/ P.S. Ghoshdastidar/ Oxford Press
9.
Engg. Heat & Mass Transfer/ Sarit K. Das/Dhanpat Rai
10. Heat Transfer/ P.K.Nag /TMH
13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING – II
UNIT-I :
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS: All water, All air, air water system. Unitary System, window
air conditioner, split and central air conditioning system, cooling load calculations - occupancy
load, lighting load, appliance load, product load, difference between summer & winter
load calculations.
UNIT-II :
AIR DISTRIBUTION: Room air distribution - types of supply air outlets, mechanism of
flow through outlets, selection and location of outlets, general. considerations. Distribution
patterns of outlets - ducts- Definition and types - materials for ducts and its specification,
friction loss in ducts - grills, diffusers, registers, rectangular equivalent of circular duct. Air duct
designs, duct construction, duct design procedures. Equal friction method, static regain
method, velocity reduction method.
UNIT-III:
THERMAL INSULATION FOR A/C SYSTEM: Method of heat transfer - desired properties
of ideal insulating materials - types of insulating materials. Heat transfer through insulation economic thickness of insulation. Insulation of heated buildings - Insulation for cooling building
and cold storage - pipe insulation.
UNIT-IV:
AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS: Fans and blowers - types of fans- fan characteristiccentrifugal fans, axial fans -- fan arrangements, filters, sources of noise and control, static
pressure calculation for selection of motor and fan. Water supply pipe sizing calculations piping network for supply and return water line - pipe fittings - lining and insulation - piping
system as per ASHRAE standards
UNIT-V:
APPLICATIONS: Air conditioning systems for automobiles (cars, buses etc) - Air
conditioning systems for (trains, ships, aircraft) - Special applications - Computers, hospitals,
cold storages, printing, textiles and leather industries.
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by Domkundwar
2. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by V.K. Jain
3. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning by C.P. Arora
4. ASHRAE Hand Book
5. Hand Book of Air Conditioning System design by Carrier
14
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
UNIT-I:
VIBRATION AND ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT:
Vibration and acceleration
measuring instruments -linear acceleration using strain gauges, capacitive, mechanical and
electronic tachometers.
UNIT-II:
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT: Resistive, magnetic, capacitive pressure transducers Thermal conductive gauges- Mc-leod gauge, ionization gauge - pressure, measurement using
strain gauges.
UNIT-ILL:
FLOW MEASUREMENTS: Different types of flow transducers - Magnetic flow meters interferometer for visualization - Rotameter other conventional types of obstruction meters.
Level Indicators: Magnetic type float gauge - Oscillator type detectors-liquid and solid level
measurement by variation of capacitance.
UNIT-IV:
CRYOGENIC INSTRUMENTATION: Low temperature measurements, measurement of
micro-temperatures.
Measurement of Strain: Use of resistance strain gauge in measuring different
mechanical input systems.
UNIT-V:
AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROLS: Introduction - Types, direct & reverse acting thermostats,
with receiver controller - liquid valves, fail safe design, throttling range - dampers, outdoor
air control - freeze protection - building up a control system, humidi stats and humidifiers- valve
characteristics and selection.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Instrumentation for engineering measurement /R.H. Cerrni & L.E. Foster/ wily 1982
Instrumentation in Scientific research/K.S, Lion/ Megravv Hill
Automatic process control/ D.P. Eckman /Wiley
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning/W.F. Stooecker, J.W. Jone/ McGraw Hill 1982
15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS AND CONTROLS
UNIT-I :
COMPRESSORS-TYPES : constructional details of reciprocating compressors - volumetric
efficiency-factors affecting volumetric efficiency-effects of evaporator and condenser
pressures- centrifugal compressor - constructional details, applications : Comparison with
reciprocating compressors - screw compressors, working principle, single screw and
double screw compressor, lubricating oils-rotary compressor-single vane and multivane
compressor surging.
UNIT-II:
CONDENSERS: types-water cooled & air cooled condensers-evaporative type, thermal
design of compressor-temperature distribution and heat flow in a condenser, pressure drop,
fouling factor-LMTD correction factor. (No problems)
Cooling Towers: Classification-performance of cooling towers-analysis of counter flow
cooling towers-enthalpy-temperature diagram of air and water.
Cooling ponds: types-cross flow cooling towers-procedure for calibration of outlet
conditions.
UNIT-III:
EVAPORATORS: types-flooded & dry evaporators-natural & forced convection type-shell &
tube, shell & coil, plate type-secondary evaporators-temperature distribution and heat flow in
evaporators-pressure drop, fouling correction factor, (no problems)
UNIT-IV:
EXPANSION DEVICES - Capillary tube, thermostatic expansion valve, float valve, automatic
expansion valve, solenoid control valve— pipe design-general-water piping, refrigerant piping
& steam piping-water treatment-corrosion control, scale formation control.
UNIT-V:
INSTALLATION OF VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: evaluation &
dehydration-testing for leakages-charging-adding oil defrosting-methods-material, automatic,
periodic defrosting-solid & liquid adsorbents; water defrosting - defrosting by reversing the
cycle, automatic hot gas defrosting-thermo balance defrosting, electric control defrosting (no
problems)
REFERENCES:
1. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / Stoecker/ TMGH 1982
2. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / Domkundwar/Danapathi Rai
3. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning / C.P. Arora/
4. ASHRAE guide & data book application
16
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
(Elective-III)
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Principles of energy management. Managerial organization, Functional
areas for i) manufacturing industry, ii) Process industry, iii) Commerce, iv) Government, Role
of Energy manager in each of these organizations. Initiating, Organizing and managing
energy management programs
UNIT -II
ENERGY AUDIT: Definition and concepts. Types of energy audits, Basic energy concepts,
Resources for plant energy studies. Data gathering, Analytical techniques. Energy
Conservation: Technologies for energy conservation, Design for conservation of energy
materials, Energy flow networks. Critical assessment of energy usage. Formulation of
objectives and constrains, Synthesis of alternative options and technical analysis of options.
Process integration.
UNIT-III
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: Scope, Characterization of an investment project. Types of
depreciation, Time value of money. Budget considerations, Risk analysis.
UNIT-IV
METHODS OF EVALUATION OF PROJECTS: Payback, Annualized costs, Investor's rate of
return, Present worth, Internal rate of return, Pros and cons of the common method of
analysis, Replacement analysis.
UNIT-V
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: SOLAR ENERGY: Types of devices for solar energy
collections, Thermal storage system, Control systems. Wind Energy, Availability, Wind
Devices, Wind Characteristics, performance of turbines and systems.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Energy Management Hand Book / W.C. Turner (Ed)
Energy Management Principles / CB Smith/ Pergamon Press
Energy Management / W.R.Murthy and G.Mc.Kay / BS Publication
Management / H.Koontz and Cyrill Donnel / McGraw Hill
Financial Management / S.C.Kuchhal / Chaitanya Publishing House
17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
EQUIPMENT DESIGN FOR THERMAL SYSTEMS
(Elective-III)
UNIT -I:
CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS: Introduction, Recuperation & regeneration,
Tabular heat exchangers, Double pipe, shell & tube heat exchanger, Plate heat Exchangers,
Gasketed plate heat exchanger. Spiral plate heat exchanger, Lamella heat exchanger, Extended
surface heat exchanger, Plate fin and Tabular fin.
Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchanger: Introduction, Basic equations in design,
Overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD method for heat exchanger analysis, Parallel flow,
Counter flow. Multipass, cross flow heat exchanger design calculations:
UNIT-II:
DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER: Film coefficient for fluids in annulus, fouling factors,
Calorific temperature, Average fluid temperature, The calculation of double pipe exchanger,
Double pipe exchangers in series parallel arrangements.
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS: Tube layouts for exchangers, Baffle heat
exchangers, Calculation of shell and tube heat exchangers, Shell side film coefficients, Shell
side equivalent diameter, The true temperature difference in a 1-2 heat exchanger. Influence
of approach temperature on correction factor. Shell side pressure drop, Tube side pressure
drop, Analysis of performance of 1-2 heat exchanger and design of shell & tube heat
exchangers, Flow arrangements for increased heat recovery, the calculation of 2-4
exchangers.
UNIT-III:
CONDENSATION OF SINGLE VAPOURS: Calculation of horizontal condenser, Vertical
condenser, De-Super heater condenser, Vertical condenser-sub-Cooler, Horizontal
Condenser-Sub cooler, Vertical reflux type condenser. Condensation of steam.
UNIT-IV:
VAPORIZERS, EVAPORATORS AND REBOILERS: Vaporizing processes, Forced
circulation vaporizing exchanger, Natural circulation vaporizing exchangers, Calculations of a
reboiler. Extended Surfaces: Longitudinal fins. Weighted fin efficiency curve, Calculation of a
Double pipe fin efficiency curve. Calculation of a double pipe finned exchanger,
Calculation of a longitudinal fin shell and tube exchanger.
UNIT-V:
DIRECT CONTACT HEAT EXCHANGER: Cooling towers, relation between wet bulb & dew
point temperatures, The Lewis number and Classification of cooling towers, Cooling tower
internals and the roll of fill, Heat Balance. Heat Transfer by simultaneous diffusion and
convection, Analysis of cooling tower requirements, Deign of cooling towers, Determination
of the number of diffusion units, Calculation of cooling tower performance.
REFERENCES:
1. Process Heat Transfer/D.Q.Kern/ TMH
2. Heat Exchanger Design/ A.P.Fraas and M.N.Ozisicj/ John Wiley & sons, New York.
3. Cooling Towers / J.D.Gurney
18
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
(Elective-III)
UNIT-I:
Introduction to FEM, basic concepts, historical back ground, applications of FEM, general
description, comparison of FEM with other methods, variational approach, Glerkin’s Methods.
Co-ordinates, basic element shapes, interpolation function, Virtual energy principle, Rayleigh
– Ritz method, properties of stiffness matrix, treatment of boundary conditions, solution of
system of equations, shape functions and characteristics, Basic equations of elasticity, straindisplacement relations.
UNIT-II:
1-D STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS: Axial bar element – stiffness matrix, load vector,
temperature effects, Quadratic shape functions and problems.
ANALYSIS OF TRUSSES : Plane Trusses and Space Truss elements and problems
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS : Hermite shape functions – stiffness matrix – Load vector –
Problems.
UNIT-III:
2-D PROBLEMS: CST, LST, force terms, Stiffness matrix and load vectors, boundary
conditions, Isoparametric elements – quadrilateral element, shape functions – Numerical
Integration.
Finite element modeling of Axi-symmetric solids subjected to Axi-symmetric loading with
triangular elements.
3-D PROBLEMS: Tetrahedran element – Jacobian matrix – Stiffness matrix.
UNIT-VI:
SCALAR FIELD PROBLEMS: 1-D Heat conduction-Slabs – fins - 2-D heat conduction
problems – Introduction to Torsional problems.
UNIT-V:
Dynamic considerations, Dynamic equations – consistent mass matrix – Eigen Values, Eigen
vector, natural frequencies – mode shapes – modal analysis.
REFERENCES:
1. The Finite Element Methods in Engineering / SS Rao / Pergamon.
2. Finite Element Methods: Basic Concepts and applications, Alavala, PHI
3. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering, Chandrupatla, Ashok and
Belegundu, Prentice – Hall
4. Finite Element Method – Zincowitz / Mc Graw Hill
5. Introduction to Fininte element analysis- S.Md.Jalaludeen,Anuradha Publications,
print-2012
6. A First Course in the Finite Element Method/Daryl L Logan/Cengage Learning/5th
Edition
7. Finite Element Method – Krishna Murthy / TMH
8. Finite Element Analysis – Bathe / PHI
19
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
THERMAL AND NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS
(Elective-IV)
UNIT -I:
INTRODUCTION: Sources of energy, Type of Power plants. Direct energy conversion system,
Energy sources in India, Recent developments in power generation, Combustion of coal,
Volumetric analysis, Gravimetric analysis. Fuel gas analysis.
Steam power plant: Introduction. General layout of steam power plant, Modern coal. Fired
Steam, Steam power plant. Power plant cycle, Fuel Handling, Combustion equipment, Ash
handling, Dust collectors.
Steam Generators: Types, Accessories. Feed water heaters, Performance of boiling, Water
treatment, Cooling towers. Steam turbines. Compounding of turbines, Steam condensers, Jet
and surface condensers.
UNIT-II:
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT: Cogeneration. Combined cycle power plant, Analysis,
Waste heat recovery, IGCC power plant, Fluidized bed, Combustion, Advantages,
Disadvantages
UNIT-III:
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT: Nuclear physics, Nuclear Reactor, Classification, Types of
reactors, Site selection. Method of enriching uranium. Application of nuclear power plant.
Nuclear Power Plant Safety: Bi-Product of nuclear power generation, Economics of nuclear
power plant, Nuclear power plant in India, Future of nuclear power.
UNIT-IV:
ECONOMICS OF POWER GENERATION: Factors affecting the economics, Loading factors,
Utilization factor, Performance and operating characteristics of power plant, Point economic
load sharing, Depreciation. Energy rate, Criteria for optimum loading. Specific economic
energy problem
UNIT-V:
POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATIONS: Classification, Pressure measuring instrument,
Temperature measurement and Flow Measurement, Analysis of combustion gases,
Pollution types, Methods of control.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Power Plant Engineering / P.K.Naga / TMH
Power Plant Engineering / R.K.Rajput/ Lakshmi Publications.
Power Plant Engineering / P.C.Sharma/ Kotearia Publications.
Power Plant Technology / Wakil.
20
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING
(Elective-IV)
UNIT -I:
INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: Mechanical Properties at low temperatures.
Properties of Cryogenic Fluids.
Gas Liquefaction: Minimum work for liquefaction. Methods to protect low temperature.
Liquefaction systems for gages other than Neon. Hydrogen and Helium.
UNIT II:
LIQUEFACTION SYSTEMS FOR NEON, HYDROGEN AND HELIUM: Components of
Liquefaction systems. Heat exchangers. Compressors and expanders. Expansion valve,
Losses in real machines.
UNIT-ILL:
GAS SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION SYSTEMS: Properties of mixtures, Principles of
mixtures, Principles of gas separation, Air separation systems.
UNIT-IV:
CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: Working Medium, Solids, Liquids, Gases,
Cryogenic fluid storage & transfer, Cryogenic storage systems, Insulation, Fluid transfer
mechanisms, Cryostat, Cryo Coolers
UNIT-V:
APPLICATIONS: Space technology, In-Flight air separation and collection of LOX, Gas
industry, Biology, Medicine, Electronics.
REFERENCES:
1. Cryogenic Systems/ R.F.Barren/ Oxford University Press
2. Cryogenic Research and Applications: Marshal Sitting/ Von Nostrand/ Inc. New Jersey
3. Cryogenic Heat Transfer/ R.F.Baron
4. Cryogenic Engineering Edit / B.A. Hands/ Academic Press, 1986
5. Cryogenic Engineering/ R.B.Scottm Vin Nostrand/ Inc. New Jersey, 1959
6. Experimental Techniques in Low Temperature Physics- O.K. White, Oxford Press, 1968
7. Cryogenic Process Engineering/ K.D. Timmerhaus & TM Flynn/ Plenum Press, 1998
21
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
TURBO MACHINES
(Elective-IV)
UNIT-I:
FUNDAMENTALS OF TURBO MACHINES: Classifications, Applications, Thermodynamic
analysis, Isentropic flow. Energy transfer. Efficiencies, Static and Stagnation conditions,
Continuity equations, Euler's flow through variable cross sectional areas, Unsteady flow in turbo
machines
UNIT -II:
STEAM NOZZLES: Convergent and Convergent-Divergent nozzles, Energy Balance, Effect of
back pressure of analysis. Designs of nozzles.
Steam Turbines: Impulse turbines, Compounding, Work done and Velocity triangle,
Efficiencies, Constant reactions, Blading, Design of blade passages, Angle and height,
Secondary flow. Leakage losses, Thermodynamic analysis of steam turbines.
UNIT-III:
GAS DYNAMICS: Fundamental thermodynamic concepts, isentropic conditions, mach
numbers and area, Velocity relations, Dynamic Pressure, Normal shock relation for perfect gas.
Super sonic flow, oblique shock waves. Normal shock recoveries, Detached shocks, Aerofoil
theory.
Centrifugal compressor: Types, Velocity triangles and efficiencies, Blade passage design,
Diffuserand pressure recovery. Slip factor, Stanitz and Stodolas formula's, Effect of inlet mach
numbers, Pre whirl, Performance
UNIT-IV:
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS: Flow Analysis, Work and velocity triangles, Efficiencies,
Thermodynamic analysis. Stage pressure rise, Degree of reaction, Stage Loading, General
design, Effect of velocity, Incidence, Performance
Cascade Analysis: Geometrical and terminology. Blade force, Efficiencies, Losses, Free end
force, Vortex Blades.
UNIT-V:
AXIAL FLOW GAS TURBINES: Work done. Velocity triangle and efficiencies, Thermodynamic
flow analysis, Degree of reaction, Zweifels relation, Design cascade analysis,
Soderberg, Hawthrone, Ainley, Correlations, Secondary flow, Free vortex blade, Blade
angles for variable degree of reaction. Actuator disc, Theory, Stress in blades, Blade
assembling, Material and cooling of blades, Performances, Matching of compressors and
turbines, Off design performance
REFERENCES:
1.
Fundamentals of Turbo Machines/Shepherd /
2.
Element of Gas Dynamics/Yahya
3.
Turbines, Pumps, Compressors/Yahya
4.
Practice on Turbo Machines/ G.Gopal Krishnan & D.Prithviraj/ Sci Tech
Publishers, Chennai
5.
Theory and practice of Steam Turbines/ Kearton
6.
Gas Turbines Theory and Practice/Zucrow
7.
Element of Gas Dynamics/Liepeman and Roshkow/ Dover Publications.
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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year -II Sem. M.Tech (HV&AC)
AIR CONDITIONING LAB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Find out the COP and Cooling Capacity of window Air Conditioning System
Find out the efficiency of air washer test rig
Find out the Humidified efficiency and overall efficiency of the experimental
Cooling tower
Find the COP, Cooling Capacity and bypass factor of the Air Condition test rig
COP of miniature centralized AC unit
Simple Cooling and heating load calculations using related software
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