IRJET-Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Using RASPBERRY PI and Interfacing Touch Screen
The title of the research is “Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system using Raspberry Pi”. The research is the model of the small and large scale of Building management automated system. The operation of the research is to control four chambers simultaneously on different temperatures taken directly from sensors and showed on screen while providing sufficient cooling/heating. All four chambers containing smoke sensors to detect and monitor smoke effect. The cooling/heating in a chamber is circulated by a fan. Comfort application for different structure building types are relatively dissimilar and is designed according to the need of process applications and the need of the buildings and with the aim to provide a suitable environment for the people and things conceded out, despite of inner temperature and humidity loads and external climate situation. The significance of this research is that whenever the desired temperature is reached, the system stops and the temperature is monitored. When the temperature is out of the desired condition the Peltier starts and cooling/heating is circulated by the fan. The working of temperature controlling system is directly proportional to the room temperature while keeping the required temperature constant.
Content
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 | Apr-2015
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Using
RASPBERRY PI and Interfacing Touch Screen
Zain Anwar Ali1, M.Shafiq2, M.Aamir3, M.Faraz uddin4, Kunwer Hessan5
Lecturer, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi,
Pakistan.
2 Research Assistant, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan
3 Associate Professor, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan
4 Student, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
5 Student, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
1
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract -
The title of the research is “Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning system using Raspberry Pi”.
The research is the model of the small and large scale of
Building management automated system. The operation of
the research is to control four chambers simultaneously on
different temperatures taken directly from sensors and
showed on screen while providing sufficient cooling/heating.
All four chambers containing smoke sensors to detect and
monitor smoke effect. The cooling/heating in a chamber is
circulated by a fan. Comfort application for different structure
building types are relatively dissimilar and is designed
according to the need of process applications and the need of
the buildings and with the aim to provide a suitable
environment for the people and things conceded out, despite
of inner temperature and humidity loads and external climate
situation. The significance of this research is that whenever
the desired temperature is reached, the system stops and the
temperature is monitored. When the temperature is out of the
desired condition the Peltier starts and cooling/heating is
circulated by the fan. The working of temperature controlling
system is directly proportional to the room temperature while
keeping the required temperature constant.
Key Words: RASPBERRY PI, Touch Screen, Expansion
Board of PI and Model B+.
1. INTRODUCTION
Energy savings and thermal comfort are important for
both facility managers and occupants. As a result, they are
open to new and innovative ways or even replace
currently existing practical methods that might not keep
pace with the most recent advancement in the technology.
The aim of the research is to meet the cooling and heating
requirement of home automation and BMS with
continuous monitoring. This research is offering
centralized security for temperature monitoring as the
touch screen is interfacing with it. It can be applicable to
© 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved
any automated house or buildings. As far as the internal
working is concerned hidden inside the chambers. The
research will aim to control the Peltier unit to provide
sufficient cooling or heating to the four chambers. The four
chambers are designed to maintain different temperature
as according to the requirement. The research is
interesting in that sense that we utilize the controlling of
Raspberry PI, we have to design the automation system
that will give the temperature in each chamber and then
monitors it after a few minutes that will be set by the user.
The temperature will be shown on a touch screen which is
operated automatically from Raspberry Pi. The most
suitable technique for reducing power consumption
introduced in this paper by using BMS & the HVAC system
for optimizing the electric energy. The main vision to
install BMS & HVAC systems in Karachi firstly as it is the
biggest city and the industrial HUB of Pakistan having
many multi-national companies are situated there. Besides
this many huge residential, shopping and educational
buildings consume the extra amount of power.
Economical Consideration − the primary thing that rings a
bell when selecting an undertaking is whether it is
prudent or not. The accomplishment of a venture is
specifically interfaced to it being temperate or not. This
venture is truly efficient when contrasted with the
compressor plan as it has less upkeep fetched furthermore
framework is programmed and mechanical structure of
the undertaking is wooden based which makes it much
less expensive than having a mechanical structure of
metal.
The maximum objectives to achieve were To Interface
touch screen with raspberry Pi, Centralize cooling and
heating of chambers, Data logging, Emergency alarm
against smoke, Analog to digital conversion through
Microcontroller.
Page 147
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 | Apr-2015
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
System statement of scope − In the development the
system is termed for heating and cooling system that are
deliberated to effort a supplementary system aimed at the
BMS and Home Automation of the research is to meet the
cooling and heating requirement for BMS and HOME
AUTOMATION through touch screen monitoring using
Raspberry Pi.
It has a monitoring system that will be operated by the
user to set the desired time. All four chambers can
accommodate with different four temperatures. Cooling
and heating is carried out by peltier. Whereas the research
provides a smoke free secure environment in all four
chambers.
skilled little gadget that empowers individuals of all ages
investigate figuring, and to figure out how to program in
Dialects like Scratch and Python. It's fit for responsibility
all that you'd anticipate that a desktop machine will do,
from scanning the web and playing high-definition feature,
creating spreadsheets, word-handling, also playing
diversions. The Raspberry Pi can associate with the
outside world, and has been utilized as a part of a wide
exhibit of advanced creator ventures, from music
machines and guardian finders to climate stations and
tweeting bird enclosures with infra-red cams. We need to
see the Raspberry Pi out how to program and see how
machines function.
1.1 Building Automation System− More mind
boggling HVAC frameworks can interface to Building
Automation System (BAS) to permit the building holders
to have more control over the warming or cooling units.
The building holder can screen the framework and react to
cautions created by the framework from nearby or remote
areas. The framework can be planned for inhabitance or
the arrangement can be transformed from the BAS. In
some cases the BAS has specifically controlled the HVAC
parts. Contingent upon the BAS distinctive interfaces can
be utilized.
FIGURE [2] RASPBERRY PI ELECTRONIC MODULE
2. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
FIGURE [1] DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL HVAC SYSTEM
1.2 HVAC AND RASPBERRY PI
The HVAC system can be defined as the measure by which
the building or the system lives up to its design purpose in
a real life situation. It is a control system that applies
regulation to a heating and/or air conditioning system and
it is also a control framework that applies regulation to a
warning and/or ventilating framework. Generally a
sensing gadget is utilized to analyze the real state (e.g.,
temperature) with a target state. At that point the control
framework reaches an inference what move must be
made.
The RASPBERRY PI is a minimal effort, charge card
measured machine that fittings into a machine screen or
TV, and practices a typical console and mouse. It is a
© 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved
The versatile design of the Heating, Ventilating, and AirConditioning (HVAC) required different handoffs with
activities through a professional practitioner of different
engineering field. A typical variable air volume (VAV)
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system
includes a chiller, a chilled water cooling coil, a heating
coil, a mixing box, a supply fan, a return fan, pumps,
dampers, and VAV boxes [13]. AA schedule of operations
and occupancy is highly important for energy efficiency in
HVAC systems. To minimize the use of energy in HVAC
system it needs to be turned off and protects from over
conditioning and fan or pump operation. Therefore the
HVAC system operates only when necessary. The possible
reducible method for energy is to use the regular
scheduling of the buildings with the help of timers to start
and stop functions for operation and maintenance (O&M)
automatically so that the peak possible performance of the
whole mechanical systems of the building. The thermal
system designed to require your choices to make it
comfortable. The design should be as good as the
execution and neglects the bed replacements to avoid
misunderstanding
of
the
system.
Continuous
commissioning is the best operation and maintenance
Page 148
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 | Apr-2015
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
practice, improve energy up to 20 %. System performance
is the key approach for good O&M and HVAC. The thermal
comfort of the use of the energy specified should be
continuously provided in the HVAC design. Commissioning
agents are responsible to perform the audits and in future
the improvement in technology would increase the
performance of HVAC with unique design.
The operation in a system that we are designing based on
cooling and heating and to maintain temperature in four
different chambers simultaneously. The temperature is
monitored through the microcontroller. The Raspberry Pi
is responsible for switching Peltier on and off. As the
system starts LM35 the temperature sensor will sense the
temperature. The analog signals will then get converted to
digital then provide Raspberry Pi with digital data through
the microcontroller. If the temperature is not up to the
level, Raspberry Pi will switch the Peltier on. In case of
heating chamber the desired temperature will be attained
by raising the temperature above the room temperature.
In case of cooling chamber the temperature will be
dropped below the room temperature. The outdoor
airflow rate is determined using the damper model, and
fan power and the airflow are determined using the fan
model. The cooling calculated through the detailed cooling
coil mode [14].
Raspberry Pi will compare the voltage level according to
the programming and will take the decision whether to
switch on the Peltier or not. The program is in Raspberry
Pi where the digital data will be given by the
microcontroller through the sensors in the room. Data
logging is there to monitor the entire scenario. The
circulation of the temperature throughout the chamber
will be carried by the fan. On reaching the desired level the
fan and the Peltier will turn off. The batter will be turned
on/off through the switching of the relay. All four relays
are used for the Peltier devices and 2 are used for the
blind. Microcontroller converts the analog signals to
digital signals. A 10-bit (ADC) Microcontroller is used for
the process. All chambers must remain smoke free. MQ2
has been utilized for the sensing of smoke. With the help of
solenoid valve, the fluid or gas stream is controlled when
electric current passes through it, simultaneously opening
its valve to ventilate air. Moreover, touch screen is also
taken to aid which demonstrate the temperature and helps
to maintain checks and update it.
again. The touch screen has the capability of information
logging which can show the history of each chamber and
this information could be accessed by the client.
3. FLOW DIAGRAM
Start
Initialize
Set Temp
Get Temp
Display Temp
Temp=Set
Temp
Temp>Set
Temp
Turn on Heating
Turn On Cooling
Store Temp.
End
FIGURE [3] SYSTEM FLOWCHART
Further, expansion board is attached below the touch
screen to process information and exhibit programming
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4. Block diagram of the system
Gas
Sensor
Temp.
1--4
Raspberry Pi
Microcontroller
I/O
Expansion Board
Relay
Touch Screen
Fan, Peltier, Motor,
Solenoid Valve.
FIGURE [4] HVAC SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK
5.ENERGY CONSUMPTION
The total energy consumed by the HVAC system installed
in a building includes two major components: the energy
consumption of an air handling unit (AHU) EAHU and the
reheating energy of the variable air volume (VAV) box
EVAV expressed in Eq. (1). The energy consumed by the
air handling unit EAHU includes the energy of the chillers
ECHL, the energy consumption of the supply fan and the
return fan EFan, and the energy consumption of the water
pumps EPump expressed in Eq. (2) [15].
incorporates an Arm1176jzf-S 700 MHz processor, Video
core IV Gpu, [8] and was initially transported with 256
megabytes of RAM, later redesigned (Model B & Model B+)
to 512 MB. [2] [9]. It also has an HDMI port, through which
it can be connected to any display device, like the monitor
or the projector Another great facility which Raspberry Pi
provides is the presence of USB ports, where one can
connect his pen drive or USB mouse/Keyboard
The framework has a Secure Digital (SD) or Micro sd
(Model A+ and B+) attachments for both media and
tireless stockpiling. In Raspberry Pi the highest spec
variation is B+ and implemented on July 2014. Model B+
has an additional feature GPIO header, it has 40 pins
despite of 26 pins and 4 USB (2.0) ports despite of 2 ports
as in Model B+, hot fitting also over current conduct. Along
with the old contact fit Micro SD card attachment has been
supplanted with a much more pleasant push-push micro
SD rendition. Moreover, it is equipped with lesser power
utilization i.e. by supplanting direct controllers with
exchanging ones we've diminished force utilization by
somewhere around 0.5w and 1w. Let's not forget its
enhanced sound where the sound circuit consolidates a
committed low-clamor power supply. Finally, it provides
with the tidier structure component by adjusting the USB
connectors to the board edge, moving merged feature onto
the 3.5mm jack, and including four unequivocally put
escalating openings.
ETOTAL = EAHU + EVAV (1)
EAHU = ECHL + EFAN + EPUMP (2)
6. INSIGHT TO RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is a minimal effort, charge card
measured machine that fittings into a machine screen or
TV, and practices a typical console and mouse. No doubt it
has taken the technology by storm. If we look at it from
these scientific perspectives, the Raspberry Pi is a credit
card-sized single-board computer.
FIGURE [5] GPIO CONNECTOR IN RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is focused around the Broadcom
Bcm2835 framework on a chip (Soc), [1] which
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7. SOFTWARE
Proteus utilizes our showed Schematic catch programming
to present the earth for outline entrance and
improvement. Proteus is a since quite a while ago settled
item and joins usability with capable altering devices. It is
fit for supporting schematic catch for both recreation and
PCB plan. Plans entered into Proteus for testing can be net
recorded in PCB format, either with our PCB Plan items or
with outsider PCB design instruments. Proteus
additionally gives a high level of control over the drawing
appearance, regarding line widths, fill styles, text styles,
and so forth. These abilities are utilized to the fullest in
giving the illustrations important to circuit activity.
Proteus ISIS Proficient programming is a PCB plan
programming incorporated with the reenactment of the
circuit you outline. It is incorporated with an ongoing
reenactment of the electronic circuit and test whether
your composed circuit is working legitimately or not.
PUTTY is an open source and cost free emulator with
serial reassure and system record exchange application. It
upholds several network conventions, including scope,
ssh, Telnet, rlogin, and crude attachment association. It
can likewise interface with a serial port (since form 0.59).
The name "PUTTY" has no conclusive importance;
however "tty" is the name for a terminal in the UNIX
convention.
SSH, Telnet and Rlogin are three methods for doing
likewise thing: logging into a multi-client machine from an
alternate machine, over a network. Multi-client working
frameworks, for example, UNIX and VMS, typically
introduce an order line interface to the client, much like
the 'Summon Brief' or 'MS-DOS Immediate' in Windows.
The framework prints a brief, and you write summons
which the framework will comply. Utilizing this sort of
interface, there is no requirement for you to be sitting at
the same machine you are writing charges too. The
charges, and reactions, can be sent over a system, so you
can sit at one machine and offer orders to another, or even
to more than one. SSH, Telnet and Rlogin are system
conventions that permit you to do this. On the machine
you sit at, you run a customer, which makes a system
association with the other machine (the server). The
system association conveys your keystrokes and charges
from the customer to the server, and conveys the server's
reactions again to you. These conventions can likewise be
utilized for different sorts of console based intelligent
session. Specifically, there are a ton of release sheets,
talker frameworks and Muds (Multi-Client Cells) which
© 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved
help access utilizing Telnet. There are even a couple of that
help SSH.
CONTROL SYSTEMS
FIGURE [6] CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM HEATING
Figure beneath delineates a fundamental control circle for
room warming. In this illustration the indoor regulator
gathering contains both the sensor and the controller. The
motivation behind this control circle is to keep up the
controlled variable (room air temperature) to some
fancied worth, called a set point. PID is an exacting
procedure control application and is proposed in
frameworks where the heap changes regularly and the
controller is relied upon to repay consequently because of
incessant changes in set point, the measure of vitality
accessible, or the mass to be controlled
8.APPLICATION
The world uses one third of the basic energy spend on
residential and commercial buildings where it accounts 25 –
30 %. Related to carbon dioxide emissions. However, lacks in
many levels proper knowledge of energy efficient building
management is the responsibility. Its principle destined to give
a suitable environment to a methodology being done, paying
little respect to inside hotness and dampness burdens and
outer climate conditions. In spite of the fact that regularly in
the solace range, it is the necessities of the process that focus
conditions, not human inclination. Healing facilities working
theaters, in which air is separated into abnormal states to
decrease contamination hazard and the dampness controlled to
breaking point understanding parchedness. In spite of the fact
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that temperatures are regularly in the solace extend, some
authority methodology, for example, open heart surgery
obliges low temperatures (around 18℃, 64℉) and others, for
example, neonatal moderately high temperature (around 28℃,
82℉). Clean rooms for the making of coordinated circuits,
pharmaceuticals, and so forth, in which abnormal amounts of
air cleanliness and control of temperature and dampness are
needed for the methodology. Offices for rearing research
center creatures.
9. CONCLUSION
This research is based on peltier for temperature control
that has not been used in abundance primarily because
not so satisfying on high temperatures. Well it's a bit
expensive and less power efficient. More scientist and
researchers are trying to make improvements in Peltier
and its high temperature issues with expensiveness and
power efficiency. When Peltiref gets power efficiency than
many industries and different other BMS places even
homes will use it as we know that it has many advantages
and it’s a compact device as well. Another big
enhancement may seem that Raspberry Pi is improving its
features day by day. They are nearly introducing Pi own
screen that does not need any expansion board and work
directly. This research will be more compact,
electronically then. Also Raspberry Pi’s company is
launching different models with exciting enhancements in,
the board so there is a vast scope to improve this research
or many different researches with the help of new models
of Pi. We have used Touch screen for data logging of
temperature only. But in the future this research can also
be enhanced with smoke and gas or other important HVAC
things to monitor in a chamber.
REFERENCES
[1]www.sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/
hvac-operations-and-maintenance
[2] Zubair Ahmed, Ashfaq Ahmad, Fahad Farooq, M. Shafiq,
Zain Anwar Ali,“Optimizing the Energy by Using BMS&
HVAC System”, Journal of Engineering And Technology
Research, 2014, 2 (2): 46-52
[3] Harkamaljeet Singh Bhullar, Vikram Kumar
Kamboj,“Energy Conservation of Heat, Ventilation & Air
Conditioning System with the help of Fuzzy
Controller”International
Journal
of
Scientific
&
Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 10, Oct-2011 ISSN
2229-5518
“Smart Projectors using Remote Controlled Raspberry Pi”,
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –
8887) Volume 82 – No. 16
[5] SAM C M HUI,“Web-based information system for
energy efficient technologies in hvac and the built
environment”, In Proc. Of the 1999 Asia-Pacific Conference
on Built Environment, 29 November - 2December 1999,
Taipei, Taiwan.
[6] Nabil Nassif, Stanislaw Kajl, PhD, Robert Sabourin,
PhD,“Optimization of HVAC control system strategy using
two-objective genetic algorithm”, International journal of
HVAC&R research, Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2005.
[7] Kennedy
Otieno Aduda,“Optimisation of HVAC
systems for energy efficiency in public buildings”, Faculty
of engineering and built
Environment, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg.
[8] Srinivas Katipamula, PhD, Ning Lu, PhD,” Evaluation of
Residential HVAC Control Strategies for Demand Response
Programs”,
2006, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc, Volume 112, Part.
[9] Andrew Kusiak, Guanglin Xu, Fan Tang,“Optimization
of an HVAC system with a strength multi-objective
particle-swarm Algorithm”,
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
3131 Seamans Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City,
IA 52242-1527, USA
[10] Andrew
Kusiak, Guanglin Xu a, Zijun
Zhang“Minimization of energy consumption in HVAC
systems with data-driven models and an interior-point
method”, Department of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering, 3131 Seamans Center, The University of
Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1527, USA, department of
Systems Engineering and Engineering Management,
P6600, 6/F, Academic 1, City University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong.
[11] Joe L. Lighting a, Stanley R. Kurvers,” Robustness of
buildings and HVAC systems as a hypothetical
Construct explaining differences in building related health
and comfort symptoms and complaint rates”, Energy and
Buildings 38 (2006) 701–707.
[12] Matt Holzemer, Iris D. Tommelein, Shih-Lun (Aaron)
Lin,”Materials and information flows in
hvac ductwork fabrication and site installation”
[13] Kusiak, Andre, Guanglin Xu, and Zijun Zhang.
“Minimization of energy consumption in HVAC systems
[4]Dhaval Chheda,Divyesh Darde,Shraddha Chitalia,
© 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved
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with data-driven models and an interior-point method”,
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014.
[14] Nabil Nassif. “Optimization of HVAC Control System
Strategy Using Two- Objective Genetic Algorithm”,
HVAC&R Research 07/01/2005.
[15] Kusiak, A.” Optimization of an HVAC system with a
strength multi-objective particle-swarm algorithm”,
Energy, 201110.
BIOGRAPHIES
hoto
Zain Anwar Ali received B.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering from the Sir Syed
University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 2010, and M.S. degree
in Industrial Control & Automation from
Hamdard University of Engineering &
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan in 2012. And
currently doing PhD in Control Theory and
its Automation From Nanjing University of
Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, China
from 2015. He is working as faculty member
and researcher in the Department of
Electronic Engineering, Sir Syed University
of Engineering and Technology.
Muhammad Shafiq received B.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering from the Sir Syed
University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 2011, , and doing M.S.
in Telecommunication Engineering from Sir
Syed University of Engineering and
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. He is
working as faculty member and researcher in
the Department of Electronic Engineering,
Sir Syed University of Engineering and
Technology.
Muhammad Aamir received B.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering from the Sir Syed
University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 1998, and M.S. degree
in Telecommunication Engineering from Sir
Syed University of Engineering and
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. And
Complete his PhD from Mehran University.
He is working as faculty member and
researcher in the Department of Electronic
Engineering, Sir Syed University of
Engineering and Technology
M.Faraz uddin Currently graduate from Sir Syed university of engineering
& Technology under the project supervision of Eng. Zain Anwar Ali.
Kunwer Hessan Currently graduate from Sir Syed university of engineering
& Technology under the project supervision of Eng. Zain Anwar Ali.
© 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved
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Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Using
RASPBERRY PI and Interfacing Touch Screen
Zain Anwar Ali1, M.Shafiq2, M.Aamir3, M.Faraz uddin4, Kunwer Hessan5
Lecturer, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi,
Pakistan.
2 Research Assistant, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan
3 Associate Professor, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan
4 Student, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
5 Student, Electronic Engineering Department, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
1
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract -
The title of the research is “Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning system using Raspberry Pi”.
The research is the model of the small and large scale of
Building management automated system. The operation of
the research is to control four chambers simultaneously on
different temperatures taken directly from sensors and
showed on screen while providing sufficient cooling/heating.
All four chambers containing smoke sensors to detect and
monitor smoke effect. The cooling/heating in a chamber is
circulated by a fan. Comfort application for different structure
building types are relatively dissimilar and is designed
according to the need of process applications and the need of
the buildings and with the aim to provide a suitable
environment for the people and things conceded out, despite
of inner temperature and humidity loads and external climate
situation. The significance of this research is that whenever
the desired temperature is reached, the system stops and the
temperature is monitored. When the temperature is out of the
desired condition the Peltier starts and cooling/heating is
circulated by the fan. The working of temperature controlling
system is directly proportional to the room temperature while
keeping the required temperature constant.
Key Words: RASPBERRY PI, Touch Screen, Expansion
Board of PI and Model B+.
1. INTRODUCTION
Energy savings and thermal comfort are important for
both facility managers and occupants. As a result, they are
open to new and innovative ways or even replace
currently existing practical methods that might not keep
pace with the most recent advancement in the technology.
The aim of the research is to meet the cooling and heating
requirement of home automation and BMS with
continuous monitoring. This research is offering
centralized security for temperature monitoring as the
touch screen is interfacing with it. It can be applicable to
© 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved
any automated house or buildings. As far as the internal
working is concerned hidden inside the chambers. The
research will aim to control the Peltier unit to provide
sufficient cooling or heating to the four chambers. The four
chambers are designed to maintain different temperature
as according to the requirement. The research is
interesting in that sense that we utilize the controlling of
Raspberry PI, we have to design the automation system
that will give the temperature in each chamber and then
monitors it after a few minutes that will be set by the user.
The temperature will be shown on a touch screen which is
operated automatically from Raspberry Pi. The most
suitable technique for reducing power consumption
introduced in this paper by using BMS & the HVAC system
for optimizing the electric energy. The main vision to
install BMS & HVAC systems in Karachi firstly as it is the
biggest city and the industrial HUB of Pakistan having
many multi-national companies are situated there. Besides
this many huge residential, shopping and educational
buildings consume the extra amount of power.
Economical Consideration − the primary thing that rings a
bell when selecting an undertaking is whether it is
prudent or not. The accomplishment of a venture is
specifically interfaced to it being temperate or not. This
venture is truly efficient when contrasted with the
compressor plan as it has less upkeep fetched furthermore
framework is programmed and mechanical structure of
the undertaking is wooden based which makes it much
less expensive than having a mechanical structure of
metal.
The maximum objectives to achieve were To Interface
touch screen with raspberry Pi, Centralize cooling and
heating of chambers, Data logging, Emergency alarm
against smoke, Analog to digital conversion through
Microcontroller.
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System statement of scope − In the development the
system is termed for heating and cooling system that are
deliberated to effort a supplementary system aimed at the
BMS and Home Automation of the research is to meet the
cooling and heating requirement for BMS and HOME
AUTOMATION through touch screen monitoring using
Raspberry Pi.
It has a monitoring system that will be operated by the
user to set the desired time. All four chambers can
accommodate with different four temperatures. Cooling
and heating is carried out by peltier. Whereas the research
provides a smoke free secure environment in all four
chambers.
skilled little gadget that empowers individuals of all ages
investigate figuring, and to figure out how to program in
Dialects like Scratch and Python. It's fit for responsibility
all that you'd anticipate that a desktop machine will do,
from scanning the web and playing high-definition feature,
creating spreadsheets, word-handling, also playing
diversions. The Raspberry Pi can associate with the
outside world, and has been utilized as a part of a wide
exhibit of advanced creator ventures, from music
machines and guardian finders to climate stations and
tweeting bird enclosures with infra-red cams. We need to
see the Raspberry Pi out how to program and see how
machines function.
1.1 Building Automation System− More mind
boggling HVAC frameworks can interface to Building
Automation System (BAS) to permit the building holders
to have more control over the warming or cooling units.
The building holder can screen the framework and react to
cautions created by the framework from nearby or remote
areas. The framework can be planned for inhabitance or
the arrangement can be transformed from the BAS. In
some cases the BAS has specifically controlled the HVAC
parts. Contingent upon the BAS distinctive interfaces can
be utilized.
FIGURE [2] RASPBERRY PI ELECTRONIC MODULE
2. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
FIGURE [1] DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL HVAC SYSTEM
1.2 HVAC AND RASPBERRY PI
The HVAC system can be defined as the measure by which
the building or the system lives up to its design purpose in
a real life situation. It is a control system that applies
regulation to a heating and/or air conditioning system and
it is also a control framework that applies regulation to a
warning and/or ventilating framework. Generally a
sensing gadget is utilized to analyze the real state (e.g.,
temperature) with a target state. At that point the control
framework reaches an inference what move must be
made.
The RASPBERRY PI is a minimal effort, charge card
measured machine that fittings into a machine screen or
TV, and practices a typical console and mouse. It is a
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The versatile design of the Heating, Ventilating, and AirConditioning (HVAC) required different handoffs with
activities through a professional practitioner of different
engineering field. A typical variable air volume (VAV)
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system
includes a chiller, a chilled water cooling coil, a heating
coil, a mixing box, a supply fan, a return fan, pumps,
dampers, and VAV boxes [13]. AA schedule of operations
and occupancy is highly important for energy efficiency in
HVAC systems. To minimize the use of energy in HVAC
system it needs to be turned off and protects from over
conditioning and fan or pump operation. Therefore the
HVAC system operates only when necessary. The possible
reducible method for energy is to use the regular
scheduling of the buildings with the help of timers to start
and stop functions for operation and maintenance (O&M)
automatically so that the peak possible performance of the
whole mechanical systems of the building. The thermal
system designed to require your choices to make it
comfortable. The design should be as good as the
execution and neglects the bed replacements to avoid
misunderstanding
of
the
system.
Continuous
commissioning is the best operation and maintenance
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practice, improve energy up to 20 %. System performance
is the key approach for good O&M and HVAC. The thermal
comfort of the use of the energy specified should be
continuously provided in the HVAC design. Commissioning
agents are responsible to perform the audits and in future
the improvement in technology would increase the
performance of HVAC with unique design.
The operation in a system that we are designing based on
cooling and heating and to maintain temperature in four
different chambers simultaneously. The temperature is
monitored through the microcontroller. The Raspberry Pi
is responsible for switching Peltier on and off. As the
system starts LM35 the temperature sensor will sense the
temperature. The analog signals will then get converted to
digital then provide Raspberry Pi with digital data through
the microcontroller. If the temperature is not up to the
level, Raspberry Pi will switch the Peltier on. In case of
heating chamber the desired temperature will be attained
by raising the temperature above the room temperature.
In case of cooling chamber the temperature will be
dropped below the room temperature. The outdoor
airflow rate is determined using the damper model, and
fan power and the airflow are determined using the fan
model. The cooling calculated through the detailed cooling
coil mode [14].
Raspberry Pi will compare the voltage level according to
the programming and will take the decision whether to
switch on the Peltier or not. The program is in Raspberry
Pi where the digital data will be given by the
microcontroller through the sensors in the room. Data
logging is there to monitor the entire scenario. The
circulation of the temperature throughout the chamber
will be carried by the fan. On reaching the desired level the
fan and the Peltier will turn off. The batter will be turned
on/off through the switching of the relay. All four relays
are used for the Peltier devices and 2 are used for the
blind. Microcontroller converts the analog signals to
digital signals. A 10-bit (ADC) Microcontroller is used for
the process. All chambers must remain smoke free. MQ2
has been utilized for the sensing of smoke. With the help of
solenoid valve, the fluid or gas stream is controlled when
electric current passes through it, simultaneously opening
its valve to ventilate air. Moreover, touch screen is also
taken to aid which demonstrate the temperature and helps
to maintain checks and update it.
again. The touch screen has the capability of information
logging which can show the history of each chamber and
this information could be accessed by the client.
3. FLOW DIAGRAM
Start
Initialize
Set Temp
Get Temp
Display Temp
Temp=Set
Temp
Temp>Set
Temp
Turn on Heating
Turn On Cooling
Store Temp.
End
FIGURE [3] SYSTEM FLOWCHART
Further, expansion board is attached below the touch
screen to process information and exhibit programming
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4. Block diagram of the system
Gas
Sensor
Temp.
1--4
Raspberry Pi
Microcontroller
I/O
Expansion Board
Relay
Touch Screen
Fan, Peltier, Motor,
Solenoid Valve.
FIGURE [4] HVAC SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK
5.ENERGY CONSUMPTION
The total energy consumed by the HVAC system installed
in a building includes two major components: the energy
consumption of an air handling unit (AHU) EAHU and the
reheating energy of the variable air volume (VAV) box
EVAV expressed in Eq. (1). The energy consumed by the
air handling unit EAHU includes the energy of the chillers
ECHL, the energy consumption of the supply fan and the
return fan EFan, and the energy consumption of the water
pumps EPump expressed in Eq. (2) [15].
incorporates an Arm1176jzf-S 700 MHz processor, Video
core IV Gpu, [8] and was initially transported with 256
megabytes of RAM, later redesigned (Model B & Model B+)
to 512 MB. [2] [9]. It also has an HDMI port, through which
it can be connected to any display device, like the monitor
or the projector Another great facility which Raspberry Pi
provides is the presence of USB ports, where one can
connect his pen drive or USB mouse/Keyboard
The framework has a Secure Digital (SD) or Micro sd
(Model A+ and B+) attachments for both media and
tireless stockpiling. In Raspberry Pi the highest spec
variation is B+ and implemented on July 2014. Model B+
has an additional feature GPIO header, it has 40 pins
despite of 26 pins and 4 USB (2.0) ports despite of 2 ports
as in Model B+, hot fitting also over current conduct. Along
with the old contact fit Micro SD card attachment has been
supplanted with a much more pleasant push-push micro
SD rendition. Moreover, it is equipped with lesser power
utilization i.e. by supplanting direct controllers with
exchanging ones we've diminished force utilization by
somewhere around 0.5w and 1w. Let's not forget its
enhanced sound where the sound circuit consolidates a
committed low-clamor power supply. Finally, it provides
with the tidier structure component by adjusting the USB
connectors to the board edge, moving merged feature onto
the 3.5mm jack, and including four unequivocally put
escalating openings.
ETOTAL = EAHU + EVAV (1)
EAHU = ECHL + EFAN + EPUMP (2)
6. INSIGHT TO RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is a minimal effort, charge card
measured machine that fittings into a machine screen or
TV, and practices a typical console and mouse. No doubt it
has taken the technology by storm. If we look at it from
these scientific perspectives, the Raspberry Pi is a credit
card-sized single-board computer.
FIGURE [5] GPIO CONNECTOR IN RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is focused around the Broadcom
Bcm2835 framework on a chip (Soc), [1] which
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7. SOFTWARE
Proteus utilizes our showed Schematic catch programming
to present the earth for outline entrance and
improvement. Proteus is a since quite a while ago settled
item and joins usability with capable altering devices. It is
fit for supporting schematic catch for both recreation and
PCB plan. Plans entered into Proteus for testing can be net
recorded in PCB format, either with our PCB Plan items or
with outsider PCB design instruments. Proteus
additionally gives a high level of control over the drawing
appearance, regarding line widths, fill styles, text styles,
and so forth. These abilities are utilized to the fullest in
giving the illustrations important to circuit activity.
Proteus ISIS Proficient programming is a PCB plan
programming incorporated with the reenactment of the
circuit you outline. It is incorporated with an ongoing
reenactment of the electronic circuit and test whether
your composed circuit is working legitimately or not.
PUTTY is an open source and cost free emulator with
serial reassure and system record exchange application. It
upholds several network conventions, including scope,
ssh, Telnet, rlogin, and crude attachment association. It
can likewise interface with a serial port (since form 0.59).
The name "PUTTY" has no conclusive importance;
however "tty" is the name for a terminal in the UNIX
convention.
SSH, Telnet and Rlogin are three methods for doing
likewise thing: logging into a multi-client machine from an
alternate machine, over a network. Multi-client working
frameworks, for example, UNIX and VMS, typically
introduce an order line interface to the client, much like
the 'Summon Brief' or 'MS-DOS Immediate' in Windows.
The framework prints a brief, and you write summons
which the framework will comply. Utilizing this sort of
interface, there is no requirement for you to be sitting at
the same machine you are writing charges too. The
charges, and reactions, can be sent over a system, so you
can sit at one machine and offer orders to another, or even
to more than one. SSH, Telnet and Rlogin are system
conventions that permit you to do this. On the machine
you sit at, you run a customer, which makes a system
association with the other machine (the server). The
system association conveys your keystrokes and charges
from the customer to the server, and conveys the server's
reactions again to you. These conventions can likewise be
utilized for different sorts of console based intelligent
session. Specifically, there are a ton of release sheets,
talker frameworks and Muds (Multi-Client Cells) which
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help access utilizing Telnet. There are even a couple of that
help SSH.
CONTROL SYSTEMS
FIGURE [6] CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM HEATING
Figure beneath delineates a fundamental control circle for
room warming. In this illustration the indoor regulator
gathering contains both the sensor and the controller. The
motivation behind this control circle is to keep up the
controlled variable (room air temperature) to some
fancied worth, called a set point. PID is an exacting
procedure control application and is proposed in
frameworks where the heap changes regularly and the
controller is relied upon to repay consequently because of
incessant changes in set point, the measure of vitality
accessible, or the mass to be controlled
8.APPLICATION
The world uses one third of the basic energy spend on
residential and commercial buildings where it accounts 25 –
30 %. Related to carbon dioxide emissions. However, lacks in
many levels proper knowledge of energy efficient building
management is the responsibility. Its principle destined to give
a suitable environment to a methodology being done, paying
little respect to inside hotness and dampness burdens and
outer climate conditions. In spite of the fact that regularly in
the solace range, it is the necessities of the process that focus
conditions, not human inclination. Healing facilities working
theaters, in which air is separated into abnormal states to
decrease contamination hazard and the dampness controlled to
breaking point understanding parchedness. In spite of the fact
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that temperatures are regularly in the solace extend, some
authority methodology, for example, open heart surgery
obliges low temperatures (around 18℃, 64℉) and others, for
example, neonatal moderately high temperature (around 28℃,
82℉). Clean rooms for the making of coordinated circuits,
pharmaceuticals, and so forth, in which abnormal amounts of
air cleanliness and control of temperature and dampness are
needed for the methodology. Offices for rearing research
center creatures.
9. CONCLUSION
This research is based on peltier for temperature control
that has not been used in abundance primarily because
not so satisfying on high temperatures. Well it's a bit
expensive and less power efficient. More scientist and
researchers are trying to make improvements in Peltier
and its high temperature issues with expensiveness and
power efficiency. When Peltiref gets power efficiency than
many industries and different other BMS places even
homes will use it as we know that it has many advantages
and it’s a compact device as well. Another big
enhancement may seem that Raspberry Pi is improving its
features day by day. They are nearly introducing Pi own
screen that does not need any expansion board and work
directly. This research will be more compact,
electronically then. Also Raspberry Pi’s company is
launching different models with exciting enhancements in,
the board so there is a vast scope to improve this research
or many different researches with the help of new models
of Pi. We have used Touch screen for data logging of
temperature only. But in the future this research can also
be enhanced with smoke and gas or other important HVAC
things to monitor in a chamber.
REFERENCES
[1]www.sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/
hvac-operations-and-maintenance
[2] Zubair Ahmed, Ashfaq Ahmad, Fahad Farooq, M. Shafiq,
Zain Anwar Ali,“Optimizing the Energy by Using BMS&
HVAC System”, Journal of Engineering And Technology
Research, 2014, 2 (2): 46-52
[3] Harkamaljeet Singh Bhullar, Vikram Kumar
Kamboj,“Energy Conservation of Heat, Ventilation & Air
Conditioning System with the help of Fuzzy
Controller”International
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&
Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 10, Oct-2011 ISSN
2229-5518
“Smart Projectors using Remote Controlled Raspberry Pi”,
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –
8887) Volume 82 – No. 16
[5] SAM C M HUI,“Web-based information system for
energy efficient technologies in hvac and the built
environment”, In Proc. Of the 1999 Asia-Pacific Conference
on Built Environment, 29 November - 2December 1999,
Taipei, Taiwan.
[6] Nabil Nassif, Stanislaw Kajl, PhD, Robert Sabourin,
PhD,“Optimization of HVAC control system strategy using
two-objective genetic algorithm”, International journal of
HVAC&R research, Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2005.
[7] Kennedy
Otieno Aduda,“Optimisation of HVAC
systems for energy efficiency in public buildings”, Faculty
of engineering and built
Environment, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg.
[8] Srinivas Katipamula, PhD, Ning Lu, PhD,” Evaluation of
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Programs”,
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[9] Andrew Kusiak, Guanglin Xu, Fan Tang,“Optimization
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particle-swarm Algorithm”,
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[10] Andrew
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method”, Department of Mechanical and Industrial
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[11] Joe L. Lighting a, Stanley R. Kurvers,” Robustness of
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[12] Matt Holzemer, Iris D. Tommelein, Shih-Lun (Aaron)
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[13] Kusiak, Andre, Guanglin Xu, and Zijun Zhang.
“Minimization of energy consumption in HVAC systems
[4]Dhaval Chheda,Divyesh Darde,Shraddha Chitalia,
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with data-driven models and an interior-point method”,
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[14] Nabil Nassif. “Optimization of HVAC Control System
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BIOGRAPHIES
hoto
Zain Anwar Ali received B.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering from the Sir Syed
University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 2010, and M.S. degree
in Industrial Control & Automation from
Hamdard University of Engineering &
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan in 2012. And
currently doing PhD in Control Theory and
its Automation From Nanjing University of
Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, China
from 2015. He is working as faculty member
and researcher in the Department of
Electronic Engineering, Sir Syed University
of Engineering and Technology.
Muhammad Shafiq received B.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering from the Sir Syed
University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 2011, , and doing M.S.
in Telecommunication Engineering from Sir
Syed University of Engineering and
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. He is
working as faculty member and researcher in
the Department of Electronic Engineering,
Sir Syed University of Engineering and
Technology.
Muhammad Aamir received B.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering from the Sir Syed
University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 1998, and M.S. degree
in Telecommunication Engineering from Sir
Syed University of Engineering and
Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. And
Complete his PhD from Mehran University.
He is working as faculty member and
researcher in the Department of Electronic
Engineering, Sir Syed University of
Engineering and Technology
M.Faraz uddin Currently graduate from Sir Syed university of engineering
& Technology under the project supervision of Eng. Zain Anwar Ali.
Kunwer Hessan Currently graduate from Sir Syed university of engineering
& Technology under the project supervision of Eng. Zain Anwar Ali.
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