Fcts: J"l 25 17: Pres A"ino iss"e$ E@ 27 "t(ori#in! t(e DE/ Secretr, to cce%t consi$ consi$er er n$ e.l"t e.l"te e %ro%o %ro%osl sls s 'ro* 'ro* 'orei! 'orei!n-o n-one$ ne$ cor%or cor%orti tions ons 'or contr contrcts cts in.ol in. ol.i .in! n! eit(e eit(err tec( tec(ni nic cll or &nn &nnci cil l ssis ssist tnce nce 'or 'or lr! lr!ee-sc scle le e+%lo e+%lor rtio tion n $e.elo%*ent n$ "tili#tion o' *inerls T(e Presi$ent *, e+ec"te it( t(e 'orei!n %ro%onent "%on reco**en$tion o' t(e Secretr, Secretr,
r 3 1775: Pres /*os %%ro.e$ /A 742 8P(ili%%ine inin! Act 17759 to !o.ern t(e e+%lortion $e.elo%*ent "tili#tion n$ %rocessin! o' ll *inin! reso"rces It took eLect on A%r 7 1775 r 30 1775: r 1775: Pres Pres /*os /*os enter entere$ e$ into into Finnci inncill n$ Tec(nic ec(nicl l Assist Assistnce nce A!ree*ent 8FTAA9 it( ;CP co.erin! 773 (ectres o' ln$ in S Cot)to S"ltn "$rt D.o $el S"r n$ Cot)to ;CP ;C P sol$ sol$ ll its s(re s(res s to S!itt S!ittri ri"s "s ines ines Inc Inc 8S!itt 8S!ittri" ri"s9 s9 cor%o cor%ort rtion ion or!ni#e$ "n$er P(ili%%ine =s it( t lest 60M o' its e"it, one$ ), Fili%inos n$?or Fili%ino one$ cor%ortions B, .irt"e o' s"c( sle n$ trns'er t(e DE/ Secretr, %%ro.e$ t(e trns'er n$ re!istrtion o' t(e FTAA 'ro* ;CP to S!ittri"s Petitioners lle!e t(t /A 742 llos '"ll, 'orei!n one$ cor%ortions to e+%lore $e.elo% "tili#e n$ e+%loit *inerl reso"rces contrr, to Sec 2 Pr Pr 4 Art 12 It llos 'orei!n-one$ co*%nies to e+ten$ *ore t(n *ere &nncil or tec(nicl ssistnce It %er*its 'orei!n one$ co*%nies to @PE/ATE AD AA>E *inin! cti.ities It llos 'orei!n-one$ co*%nies e+ten$ B@T &nncil AD tec(nicl ssistnce inste$ o' &nncil @/ tec(niclto ssistnce Iss"e: ;? /A 742 t(e P(ili%%ine inin! Act is constit"tionl
el$: @ It is "nconstit"tionl inso'r s it "t(ori#es ser.ice contrcts Alt(o"!( t(e stt"te e*%lo,s t(e %(rse G&nncil n$ tec(nicl !ree*entsH in ccor$nce it( t(e 17 Constit"tion it ct"ll, trets t(ese !ree*ents s ser.ice contrcts It 'ollos t(t t(e ;CP FTAA entere$ into "n$er s"c( Act is lso "nconstit"tionl All %ro.isions o' t(e DE/ A@ 76-40 not in con'or*it, it( t(e Decision re lso in.li$te$ Fo Folloin! lloin! t(e literl literl te+t o' t(e Constit"tion Constit"tion ssistnce ccor ccor$e$ $e$ ), 'orei!n'orei!none$ cor%ortions in t(e lr!e-scle e+%lortion $e.elo%*ent n$ "tili#tion o' %etrole"* %etr ole"* *inerls n$ *inerl *inerl oils s(o"l$ )e li*ite$ to Gtec(niclH Gtec(niclH or G&nncilH G&nncilH ssist ss istnce nce onl, onl, Contr Contrr, r, to t(is t(is t(e ;CP ;CP FTAA FTAA llos llos ;CP ;CP '"ll, '"ll,-'o -'ore rei!ni!none$ o ne$ *inin *inin! ! co cor%o r%or rti tion on to e+te e+ten$ n$ *ore *ore t(n t(n *ere *ere &nnc &nnci ill or tec( tec(nic nicl l ssistnce to t(e Stte 'or it %er*its ;CP to *n!e n$ o%erte e.er, s%ect o' t(e *inin! cti.it, In Sect Sectio ion n 33 33 C(% C(%te terr I t(e t(e "n$er "n$erl,i l,in! n! ss" ss"*%t *%tion ion is t(t t(t t(e t(e 'ore 'orei!n i!n contr contrcto ctorr *n!e *n!es s t(e *iner *inerll re reso" so"rc rces es "st like like t(e 'orei!n 'orei!n contr contrcto ctorr in ser.ice contrct
C(%ter II !rnts 'orei!n contrctors in FTAAs t(e s*e "+ilir, *inin! ri!(ts t(t it !rnts contrctors in *inerl !ree*ents An FTAA contrctor G(s or (s ccess to ll t(e &nncin! *n!in! n$ tec(nicl e+%ertiseNH s"!!estin! t(t so*e *n!e*ent ssistnce is %rescri)e$ Section 13 o' t(e ;CP FTAA !rnts ;CP Gt(e e+cl"si.e ri!(t to e+%lore e+%loit "tili#e %rocess n$ $is%ose o' ll inerls %ro$"cts n$ ),-%ro$"cts t(ereo' t(t *, )e %ro$"ce$ 'ro* t(e Contrct AreH Un$err Sect Un$e Sectio ion n 12 2 ;CP ;CP s( s(ll %r %ro o.i$e .i$e ll ll G&n G&nnc ncin in! ! *n!e*ent n$ %ersonnel necessr, 'or t(e inin! @%ertionsH
tec tec(no (nolo!, lo!,
All in ll ;CP is !rnte$ )ene&cil oners(i% o.er nt"rl reso"rces t(t %ro%erl, )elon! to t(e Stte n$ re inten$e$ 'or t(e )ene&t o' t(e citi#ens Cs"s o*is"s %ro o*isso ()en$"s est T(e %(rse G*n!e*ent or ot(er 'or*s o' ssistnceH in t(e 173 Constit"tion s $elete$ in t(e 17 Constit"tion (ic( llos onl, Gtec(nicl or &nncil ssistnceH T(e o*ission s intentionl n$ %"r%ose'"l T(e %(rse Gser.ice contrctsH (s likeise )een $elete$ in t(e 17 Constit"tion o*ission is in$icti.e o' $iLerence in %"r%ose T(e o' conce%t o' Gtec(nicl or T(is &nncil ssistnceH !ree*ents is not i$enticl to t(t Gser.ice contrctsH T(e $r'ters s e.i$ence$ 'ro* t(eir $eli)ertions inten$e$ to $o , it( ser.ice contrcts (ic( ere "se$ to circ"*.ent t(e c%itli#tion 860M-40M9 re"ire*ent It s inten$e$ to )e s'e!"r$ to %re.ent )"ses Ser.ice contrcts re not lloe$ T(e C@C@ took into consi$ertion t(e GDr't o' t(e 176 UP = Constit Con stit"tio "tionl nl Proe ProectH ctH (en (en it $o%te $o%te$ $ t(e conce% conce%tt o' G!re G!ree*e e*ents ntsNin. Nin.ol. ol.in! in! eit(er tec(nicl or &nncil ssistnceH T(e UP = $r't %ro%onents .iee$ ser.ice contrcts "n$er t(e 173 Constit"tion s !rnts o' )ene&cil oners(i% o' t(e co"ntr,s nt"rl reso"rces to 'orei!n one$ cor%ortions ;(ile in t(eor, t(e Stte ons t(ese nt"rl reso"rces O n$ n$ Fili ili%i %ino no ci citi ti#e #ens ns t(ei t(eirr )ene& )ene&ci cir ries ies O se ser. r.ic ice e cont contr rct cts s ct" ct"l ll, l, .est .este$ e$ 'orei!ners it( t(e ri!(t to $is%ose e+%lore 'or $e.elo% e+%loit n$ "tili#e t(e s*e T(is is clerl, clerl, inco*%ti)le inco*%ti)le it( t(e constit"tionl constit"tionl i$el o' ntionli#tion ntionli#tion o' nt"rl reso"rces it( t(e /e!lin $octrine n$ it( P(ili%%ine P(ili%%in e so.erei!nt, so.erei!nt, B"t t(e %ro%onents still reco!ni#e$ t(e nee$ 'or c%itl n$ tec(nicl kno(o (o in t( t(e e lr! lr!ee-sc scl le e e+%l e+%loi oit ttio tion n $e.e $e.elo lo%*e %*ent nt n$ n$ "t "tili ili# #tio tion n o' nt" nt"r rll re reso" so"rc rces es T("s T("s t(e, t(e, %ro%o %ro%ose$ se$ co*%r co*%ro*i o*ise: se: G!re G!ree*e e*ents ntsNin. Nin.ol. ol.in! in! eit(er eit(er tec(nicl or &nncil ssistnceH T(is co*%ro*ise is $ee*e$ to )e *ore consistent it( it ( t(e t(e St Stt te es s one oners( rs(i% i% o' n$ n$ its its G'"ll '"ll co cont ntro roll n$ n$ s"%er s"%er.is .isio ion nH o.er o.er s"c( s"c( reso"rces T(e constit"tionl %ro.ision lloin! t(e Presi$ent to enter into FTAAs FTAAs it( 'orei!n-one$ cor%ortions is n e+ce%tion to t(e !enerl r"le t(t %rtici%tion in
t(e ntions nt"rl reso"rces is reser.e$ e+cl"si.el, to Fili%inos S"c( %ro.ision *"st )e constr"e$ strictl, !inst non-Fili%inos
& Sotto vs Sotto ri,z #
43 hil# 688
)/1/2022 Al'.! i-i
Fcts: T(e %etitioner lle!es t(t (e is t(e oner o' si$ lot o 510 t(t in or )o"t t(e ,er 170 (e )sente$ (i*sel' 'ro* t(e cit, o' Ce)" le.in! t(e res%on$ent in c(r!e o' t(e lot t(t on or )o"t t(e 16t( o' A%ril 1721 "%on .isitin! t(e oce o' t(e clerk o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Ce)" (e $isco.ere$ t(t t(e res%on$ent ($ 'r"$"lentl, o)tine$ t(e re!istrtion o' si$ lot in (is on n*e n$ t(t certi&cte o' title 'or si$ lot ($ )een iss"e$ to si$ res%on$ent D"e to (is lon! )senc )s ence e 'ro* 'ro* Ce)" Ce)" (e s "n)le "n)le to %%er %%er in co"rt co"rt in t(e ln$ re re!ist !istrt rtion ion %rocee$in!s n$ to $e'en$ (is ri!(ts n$ t(t t(is ction is (is onl, re*e$, to reco.er t(e %ro%ert, in "estion Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e &nl $ecree o' con&r*tion n$ re!istrtion )e reo%ene$ n$ t(e ter* G"$!*entH is it(in t(e *enin! o' section 513 o' t(e Co$e o' Ci.il Proce$"re el$: es es t(e &nl $ecree o' con&r*tion n$ re!istrtion cn )e reo%ene$ T(e &nl Q$ecree o' con&r*tion n$ re!istrtionQ cnnot )e reo%ene$ e+ce%t 'or t(e resons n$ in t(e *nner stte$ in section 3 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act T(e &nl Q$ecree o' con&r*tion n$ re!istrtionQ %ro.i$e$ 'or in t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act is not "$!*ent it(in t(e *enin! o' section 513 o' t(e Co$e o' Ci.il Proce$"re n$ t( t(t t se sect ctio ion n is not not %%li %%lic c)le )le to $ecisi $ecision ons s co co.e .ere re$ $ or con& con&r* r*e$ e$ ), s"c( s"c( &nl &nl $ecrees T(e re*e$, %ro.i$e$ 'or in section 513 o' t(e Co$e o' Ci.il Proce$"re *, in ln$ re!istrtion *tters )e %%lie$ to "$!*ents not con&r*e$ ), &nl $ecrees
6
(egr vs Slee'.
31 hil# &)0
10/2/1)8&
Al'.!! i-i ri,z Al'. ri,z # Fcts: =e!r$ o)tine$ $ecree o' re!istrtion o' %rcel o' ln$ on t(e 25t( o' @cto)e @ct o)er r 1706 1706 Slee), Slee), on t(e 25t( o' rc( rc( 1712 o)tine$ o)tine$ certi&c certi&cte te o' re!istrtion 'or (is ln$ (ic( (i c( oine$ t(e ln$ t(ereto'ore t(ereto'ore re!istere$ ), =e!r$ T(e certi&cte certi& cte o' title iss"e$ to Slee), Slee), incl"$e$ incl"$e$ nrro nrro stri% o' t(e ln$ t(ereto'o t(ereto'ore re re re!is !iste tere re$ $ in t( t(e e n*e n*e o' =e =e! !r$ r$ @n t(e t(e 13t( 13t( o' Dece Dece*) *)er er 1712 1712 =e =e! !r$ r$ %rese %resente nte$ $ %etitio %etition n in t(e Co"rt Co"rt o' =n$ =n$ /e!ist /e!istrt rtion ion 'or t(e $"st* $"st*ent ent n$ co corr rrec ecti tion on o' t( t(e e erro errorr co co** **it itte te$ $ in t(e t(e ce cert rti& i&c cte te iss"e iss"e$ $ to Slee Slee), ), (ic (ic( ( incl"$e$ si$ nrro stri% o' ln$ Iss"e:
el$: es es t(e %etitioner (s )etter title o.er t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, In cse (ere to certi&ctes incl"$e or co.er t(e s*e ln$ t(e erlier *"st %re.il s )eteen o' t(etitle ori!inl %rties (et(er t(e ln$ co*%rise$ in in t(e$te ltter certi&cte )e (o (oll ll, , or onl, onl, in %rt %rt co*% co*%ri rise se$ $ in t( t(e e erl erlie ierr cert certi& i&c cte te In s" s"cc cces essi si.e .e re!istrtions (ere *ore t(n one certi&cte is iss"e$ in res%ect o' %rtic"lr interest in ln$ t(e %erson (ol$in! "n$er t(e %rior certi&cte is entitle$ to t(e ln$ s !i !ins nstt t( t(e e %ers %erson on (o (o o)t o)tin ine$ e$ t( t(e e se seco con$ n$ cert certi& i&c cte te T(e T(e $ecr $ecree ee o' re!istrtion is concl"si.e "%on n$ !inst ll %ersons T(e rel %"r%ose o' t(e torrens s,ste* o' ln$ re!istrtion is i s to "iet title to ln$K to %"t sto% 'ore.er to n, "estion o' t(e le!lit, o' t(e title e+ce%t cli*s (ic( ere note$ t t(e ti*e o' re!istrtion re!istrtion in t(e certi&cte certi&cte or (ic( *, rise s")se"ent t(ereto T(t )ein! t(e %"r%ose o' t(e l it o"l$ see* t(t once t(e title s re!istere$ t(e oner *i!(t rest sec"re it(o"t t(e necessit, o' itin! in t( t(e e %ort %ortls ls o' t( t(e e co co"r "rt t or sittin sittin! ! in t(e t(e Q*ir Q*ir$o $orr $e s" cs csQ Q to .oi .oi$ $ t(e t(e %ossi)ilit, o' losin! (is ln$ T(e %rocee$in! 'or t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ "n$er t(e torrens s,ste* is "$icil %rocee$in! )"t it in.ol.es *ore in its conse"ences t(n $oes n or$inr, ction T(e re!istrtion "n$er t(e torrens s,ste* n$ t(e iss"nce o' certi&cte o' title $o not !i.e t(e oner n, )etter title t(n (e ($ e $oes not o)tin title ), .irt"e o' t(e certi&cte e sec"res (is certi&cte ), .irt"e o' t(e 'ct t(t (e (s 'ee si*%le title I' (e o)tins certi&cte certi&cte o' title ), *istke *istke to *ore *ore ln$ t(n (e rell, n$ in 'ct ons t(e certi&cte s(o"l$ )e correcte$ I' (e $oes not lre$, (.e %er'ect title (e cn not sec"re (is certi&cte .in! 'ee si*%le title n$ %resentin! s"cient %roo' o' t(t 'ct (e is entitle$ to certi&cte o' re!istrtion T(e certi&cte o' re!istrtion si*%l, cc"*"ltes in one $oc"*ent %recise n$ correct stte*ent o' t(e e+ct stt"s o' t(e 'ee si*%le title (ic( t(e oner in 'ct (s T(e certi&cte once iss"e$ is t(e e.i$ence o' t(e title (ic( t(e oner (s ( s T(e T(e cert certi& i&c cte te s(o" s(o"l$ l$ not not )e lte lterre$ e$ c(n c(n!e !e$ $ *o$i *o$i&e &e$ $ enl enlrr!e$ !e$ or $i*inis(e$ e+ce%t to correct errors in so*e $irect %rocee$in!s %er*itte$ ), l T(e title re%resente$ ), t(e certi&cte cn not )e c(n!e$ ltere$ *o$i&e$ enlr!e$ or $i*inis(e$ in collterl %rocee$in!
7
C%i C%ito toll Su Su' 'iivis visio io, , vs rov rovi, i,ce ce of N Neg egro ros s c cci cie e, ,tl tl 7 SCRA 60 1)63 Ao,uevo! 5o,o,
FACTS: =o =ott 3 3 (ic (ic( ( is is t(e t(e s")e s")ect ct *tt *tter er o' t(is t(is c cse se is is %r %rtt o' o' c cie ien$ n$ $l!n re!istere$ "n$er t(e n*e o' A!"stin A*en)r n$ Pilr A*en)r co.e co e$entio @ri! @r inl Cert Ce rti& Title itele in o o 116 1 is s"e$ e$A* inent( t(e n*e n*e t(e e 'o.er rer* nt), ione ne$ $i!in inl 1 71 6i&c cte Ste o*o' eti*e i* 726 0 iss" t(e e )rs sol$o' tt( (e
'ore*ent 'ore *entione ione$ $ cien$ cien$ to Jose Jose Benr Benres es 'or t(e %"rc( %"rc(se se %rice %rice o' P30 P3000 0000 00 %,)le in instl*ents In 1724 t(e @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' t(e A*en)rs s cncelle$ n$ in lie" t(ereo' Benres o)tine$ Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title "n$er (is n*e en(ile in 1721 Benres *ort!!e$ t(e cien$ incl"$in! =ot 3 to Bco B colo lo$- $-"r "rci ci i illi llin! n! Co Co An$ An$ t(en t(en lte lterr in 1726 1726 (e !i !in n *ort *ort! !!e$ !e$ t(e t(e cien$ incl"$in! si$ =ot 3 on t(e P(ili%%ine *ort!!e (el$ ), t(e Bcolo$-"rci illin! Co tionl Bnk s")ect to t(e &rst In 1735 t(e Bnk !ree$ to sell t(e cien$ to t(e son o' Jose Benres Crlos Benres 'or t(e s"* o' P400000 %,)le in nn"l instll*ents s")ect to t(e con$ition t(t t(e title ill re*in it( t(e Bnk "ntil '"ll %,*entT(e Bnk e+ec"te$ t(e corres%on$in! $ee$ o' )sol"te sle to t(e %lintiL n$ trns'er certi&cte certi& cte o' title co.erin! =ot 3 s iss"e$ It s(o"l$ )e note$ t(t $es%ite t(e c"isition c"is ition o' t(e cien$ cien$ in 1734 ), t(e Bnk t(e ltter $i$ not tke %ossession %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, 'or Benres cli*e$ to )e entitle$ to retin it "n$er n lle!e$ ri!(t o' lese ;(en "%on t(e e+ec"tion o' t(e $ee$ o' )sol"te sle 1747 %lintiL took ste%s to tke %ossession t(e cien$ n$ it s $isco.ere$ t(t =ot 3 s t(e ln$ ln$ occ" occ"%ie %ie$ $ ), t(e t(e Pro. Pro.inc incil il os% os%it itll o' e!r e!ros os @cci @cci$e $ent ntl l I**e I**e$i $ite tel, l, t(ere'ter %lintiL *$e re%resenttions it( or on @cto)er 4 1747 %lintiL *$e re%resenttions it( t(e %ro%er ocils to clri', t(e stt"s o' si$ occ"%tion ot )ein! stis&e$ it( t(e e+%lntions !i.en ), si$ ocils it )ro"!(t t(e %resent ction on J"ne 10 1750 In its nser $e'en$nt *intine$ t(t it ($ c"ire$ t(e lot in "estion in t(e ,er 1724-1725 t(ro"!( e+%ro%rition %rocee$in!s n$ t(t it took %ossession o' t(e lost n$ )e!n t(e constr"ction o' t(e %ro.incil (os%itl t(ereon T(e, '"rt(er cli*e$ t(t 'or so*e reson )e,on$ t(eir co*%re(ension title s ne.er trns'erre$ in its n*e n$ it s %lce$ in its n*e onl, 'or ssess*ent %"r%oses An$ t(t t(t $e'e $e'en$ n$nt nt cte cte$ $ in )$ )$ 'it( 'it( in %"rc %"rc( (sin sin! ! t(e t(e lot lot knoi knoin! n! t(t t(t t(e t(e %ro.incil (os%itl s sit"te$ t(ere n$ t(t (e $i$ not $eclre s"c( %ro%ert, 'or ssess*ent %"r%oses onl, "ntil 1750 ISSUE?S: ;(et ;(et(e (err or not not $e'e $e'en$ n$n ntt (er (erei ein n ($ ($ c" c"ir ire$ e$ t( t(e e lot lot in "es "esti tion on in t( t(e e 'ore*entione$ e+%ro%rition %rocee$in!s E=D?/ATI@: T(e Co"rt (el$ t(t $e'en$nt s not )le to s"cientl, %ro.e t(t t(e, (.e c"ire$ c"ire$ t(e le!l title o.er =ot 3 Se.erl circ"*stnces circ"*stnces in$icte t(t t(e e+%ro%rition ($ not )een cons"**te$ First t(ere t(e entries in t(e $ocket %ertinin! to t(e e+%ro%rition cse re'er onl, to its &lin! n$ t(e %")liction in t(e nes%%er o' t(e notices Secon$ t(ere s n )sence o' $ee$ o' ssi!n*ent n$ o' TCT in '.o"r o' t(e
Pr Pro.ince o.ince s re!r$s re!r$s =ot 3 T(ir$ t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, s *ort!!e$ *ort!!e$ to Bcolo$-"r Bcolo$-"rci ci illin! Co =ot 3 co"l$ not (.e )een e+%ro%rite$ it(o"t t(e inter.ention o' t(e i ill llin in! ! Co Co An$ An$ ,et ,et t( t(e e ltt ltter er s s not not *$e *$e %rt %rt, , in t( t(e e e+%r e+%ro% o%ri rit tio ion n %rocee$in!s An$ 'o"rt( secon$ *ort!!e s constit"te$ in '.o"r o' t(e Bck (ic( o"l$ not (.e cce%te$ t(e *ort!!e ($ =ot 3 not )elon!e$ to t(e *ort! *or t!!or !or eit(e eit(err co"l$ co"l$ si$ si$ lot (.e (.e )een )een e+%ro e+%ro%ri %rite$ te$ it(o" it(o"tt t(e Bnks Bnks knole$!e n$ %rtici%tion F"rt(e "rt(er* r*or ore e in t(e t(e $ee$ $ee$ e+ec e+ec"te "te$ $ ), t(e t(e Bnk Bnk %ro* %ro*is isin! in! to se sell ll t(e t(e ci cien$ en$ n$ n$l! l!n n to Crlo Crlos s Ben Benre res s it s s e+%li e+%lici citl tl, , st stt te$ e$ t(t t(t so so*e *e %rtic %r tic"lr "lr lots lots ($ )een )een e+%ro e+%ro%ri %rite$ te$ ), t(e Pr Pro.i o.inci ncil l >o.ern >o.ern*en *entt o' e!ro e!ros s @cci$entl t("s in$ictin! ), necessr, i*%liction t(t =ot 3 ($ not )een e+%ro%rite$
8
Director of (,s vs S,tigo 160 4/1&/1)88 Ao,uevo! 5o,o,
SCRA
186
FACTS: @n Se%t 173 n %%liction 'or ln$ re!istrtion s &le$ ), res%on$ent >rci in t(e CFI o' Btn A co%, o' t(e %%liction s 'orr$e$ to t(e Sol>en t(r" t(e $irector o' =n$s @n Fe) 17 174 t(e Director o' ln$s &le$ n o%%osition to t(is %%liction n$ t t(e s*e ti*e t(e Sol>en entere$ (is %%ernce n$ "t(ori#e$ t(e Pro.incil Fiscl to %%er on (is )e(l' t t(e (erin! o' t(e s*e S")se"entl, res%on$ent IPE/IA= DEE=@PET C@/P it( t(e con'or*it, o' t(e re res%o s%on$en n$entt >rci >rci &le$ &le$ otion otion to S")stit S")stit"te "te Prt, rt, A%%lic A%%licnt nt 'ro* 'ro* ri ri >rci to I*%eril Cor% it(o"t *en$in! t(e )o"n$ries o' t(e re stte$ in t(e ori!inl %%liction Si$ *otion s !rnte$ ), t(e res%on$ent J"$!e Snti!o A noti notice ce o' initi initil l (er (erin! in! s s sent sent ), re res% s%on on$e $ent nt J" J"$! $!e e to ll ll % %rt rties ies concerne$ it( t(e rnin! t(t %rt, (o 'ile$ to %%er o"l$ )e $eclre$ in $e'"lt T(e s*e notice s likeise %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette n$ %oste$ ), t(e s(eriL s re"ire$ ), l@n Jn 23 175 t(e $te o' t(e initil (erin! neit(er %etitioner nor (is co"nsel s %resentK n or$er o' !enerl $e'"lt s iss iss"e "e$ $ ),'or t( t(e e re res%o s%on$e n$ent nt)e'ore J"$!e J"$!et(e on clerk t(e t(e s s*e $te $te A'te A' terr t(e t(e re rece ce%t %tio ion n o' t(e t(e e.i$ence t(e %%licnt o' *e co"rt t(e res%on$ent J"$!e ren$ere$ t(e "estio "estione$ ne$ $ecisio $ecision n n$ $"$ic $"$icte te$ $ t(e ln$s ln$s in '.or '.or o' t(e re res%o s%on$en n$entt cor%ortion T(ere'ter %etitioner &le$ otion 'or e Tril on t(e !ro"n$s t(t t(e 'il"re o' (is co"nsel to %%er t t(e initil (erin! s e+c"s)le n$ t(t t(e $ecision s contrr, to 'cts n$ to l T(e *otion s (oe.er $enie$ ISSUE?S ;@ re res%o s%on$en n$entt J"$!e J"$!e Snti Snti!o !o erre erre$ $ in $ecre $ecreein! ein! t(e 'ollo 'olloin! in! or or$er $ers s n$ $ecisions: 1 A$*ittin! t(e A*en$e$ A%%liction 'or /e!istrtion n$ $"$ictin! t(e %rcels o' ln$ in '.or o' res%on$ent cor%ortion
2 Declrin! t(e Director o' =n$s in $e'"lt E=D?/ATI@: T(e %etit %etitio ion n is is >rn >rnte te$ $ T(e S"%re S"%re*e *e Co"rt Co"rt is not not con. con.inc ince$ e$ it( it( t(e t(e concl" concl"sio sion n o' t(e re res%o s%on$e n$ent nt J"$!e J"$!e n$ it( it( t(e r r!"*e !"*ents nts o' t(e res%o res%on$en n$entt cor%ortion cor%o rtion t(t t(e ltter t(ro"!( its %re$ecesso %re$ecessors-inrs-in- interest interest (s )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' !ric"lt"rl ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition or oners(i% 'or t lest t(irt, ,ers T(e %ertinent %ro.ision o' l (ic( sttes: GI' no %erson %%ers n$ ns n ser ers s it( it(in in t(e t(e ti*e ti*e llo lloe e$ $ t(e t(e co co"rt "rt *, *, t once once "%on "%on *oti *otion on o' t(e t(e %%li % %lic cnt nt no re res son on to t(e co cont ntr rr, r, %%e %%er rin! in! or$er or$er !ene !ener rll $e' $e'"lt "lt to )e recor$e$ rec or$e$ NH cnnot cnnot )e inter%rete$ inter%rete$ to *en t(t t(e co"rt cn "st $isre!r$ $isre!r$ t(e nser )e'ore it (ic( (s lon! )een &le$ 'or s"c( n inter%rettion o"l$ )e not(in! less t(n illo!icl "nrrnte$ n$ "n"st Es%ecill, in t(is cse (ere t(e !reter %")lic interest is in.ol.e$ s t(e ln$ so"!(t to )e re!istere$ is lle!e$ to )e %")lic ln$ t(e res%on$ent J"$!e s( s(o" o"l$ l$ (.e (.e re rece cei. i.e$ e$ t(e t(e %%li %%lic cnt nts s e.i$e e.i$enc nce e n$ n$ se sett not not(er (er $te $te 'or 'or t(e t(e re rece ce%t %tio ion n o' t( t(e e o%%o o%%osi sito tor rs s e.i$ e.i$enc ence e T(e o%%o o%%osit sitor or in t(e t(e Co"rt Co"rt )elo )elo n$ n$ %etitioner (erein s(o"l$ (.e )een ccor$e$ *%le o%%ort"nit, to est)lis( t(e !o.er !o. ern*en n*ents ts cli* cli* In .ie o' t(e )sic %res"* %res"*%tio %tion n t(t t(t ln$s ln$s o' (te. (te.er er clssi&ction )elon! to t(e Stte co"rts *"st scr"tini#e it( cre %%lictions to %ri.te oners(i% o' rel estte Section 4 %r!r%( ) o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act to it: SEC 4 T(e 'olloin! 'olloin! $escri)e$ $escri)e$ citi#ens citi#ens o' t(e P(ili%%ines P(ili%%ines occ"%,in! occ"%,in! ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in or cli*in! to on n, s"c( ln$s or n interest t(erein )"t (ose titles (.e not )een %er'ecte$ or co*%lete$ *, %%l, to t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' t(e %ro.ince (ere t(e ln$ is locte$ 'or con&r*tion o' t(eir cli*s n$ t(e iss"nce o' certi&cte o' title t(ere'or "n$er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act to it:N 8)9 T(ose (o ), t(e*sel.es or t(ro"!( t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' !ric"lt"rl ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition or oner o ners(i s(i% % 'or 'or t les lestt t(irt t(irt, , ,er ,ers s i**e i**e$i $ite tel, l, %rec %rece$i e$in! n! t(e t(e &lin! &lin! o' t(e %%liction 'or con&r*tion o' title e+ce%t (en %re.ente$ ), r or 'orce *e"re T(ese s(ll )e concl"si.el, concl"si .el, %res"*e$ to (.e %er'or*e$ ll t(e con$i con$itions tions essentil to >o.e >o.ern rn*e *ent nt !rnt !rnt n$ n$ s( s(l lll )e entit entitle le$ $ to ce cert rti&c i&ct te e o' title title "n$er "n$er t(e t(e %ro.isions o' t(is c(%ter
)
*rrog vs Al',o Ao,uevo! 5o,o,
FACTS:
1&7 SCRA 131
1/20/1)86
CFI o' Ilocos Ilocos orte $"$icte$ $"$icte$ %rcel %rcel o' ln$ in '.o"r '.o"r o' Del&n A"ino A"ino @ne @n e o' t( t(e e o%%o o%%osi sito tors rs s s /"%er "%ert t Psc" sc"l l (o (o s s $ecl $eclre re$ $ in $e' $e'"lt "lt For "nrecor$e$ resons t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion $i$ not iss"e e+ce%t "ntil 'ter l%se o' 14 ,ers or so 8@cto)er 14 17559 It s onl, 'ter 24 ,ers 8o.e*)er 1 1779 t(t @CT s iss"e$ in Del&n A"inos n*e 170 'ter t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion ($ )een (n$e$ $on )"t )e'ore t(e title iss"e$E"'e*i in Del&n A"inos t(eP$c c(il$ren n$ (eirs /"%erto %%ellnts Brro! n$ '.o"r St"rnin )ro"!(t s"it o' !inst t(e Psc"l c(il$ren n$ (eirs o' Del&n A"ino %%ellees An!el Al)no et l Brro! ($ )een in %ossession o' t(e ln$ since 1741 n$ rel oners t(ereo' %r,e$ t(t A"inos title )e cncelle$ n$ ne title )e *$e o"t in t(eir n*es A"inos title encroc(e$ "%on 4s* %ortion o' n $oinin! lot )elon!in! to Cesr Cstro (o &le$ co*%lint in inter.ention CFI $is*isse$ Brro!s n$ P$cs co*%lint n$ $eclre$ t(e inter.enor Cstro t(e oner o' 4s* %ortion o.erl%%e$ ), A"inot(eir ction s )rre$ ), %rior "$!e*ent /es $"$ict t(e "$!e*ent o' t(e c$strl co"rt s one !inst s%eci&c t(in! n$ t(ere'ore concl"si.e "%on t(e title o' t(e t(in! As %ossessor o' t(e lot in "estion t(e, co"l$ not )e eecte$ t(ere'ro* ), *ere rit o' %ossession ISSUE?S: ;(et(er or not t(e, cn )e eecte$ E=D?/ATI@: es es T(e ;rit o' %ossession co"l$ %ro%erl, iss"e $es%ite t(e not inconsi$er)le %erio$ o' ti*e t(t ($ el%se$ 'ro* t(e $te o' t(e re!istrtion $ecree since t(e ri!(t to t(e s*e $oes not %rescri)e T(e %%ellees *"st )e $eclre$ to )e entitle$ to t(e rit o.er t(e s")ect lot $es%ite t(e l%se o' *n, ,ers t(eir ri!(ts t(ereto ,ers t(ereto )ein! i*%rescri%ti)le i*%rescri%ti)le in en'orce*ent en'orce*ent o' t(e $ecree $ecree o' re re!ist !istrt rtion ion n$ .in$ic .in$ictio tion n o' t(e tit title le iss"e$ iss"e$ in '.o"r '.o"r o' t(e %re$ec %re$ecess essor or-in-ininterest T(e rit *, )e correctl, correctl, en'orce$ en'orce$ !inst t(e %%ellnts %%ellnts T(e %%ellnts it *"st )e si$ (.e s"ccee$e$ in %rolon!in! t(e contro.ers, lon! eno"!( T(e, s(o"l$ not )e lloe$ to contin"e $oin! so
10
Re%u'lic vs l',, &87 4/2)/200) *tul,! ervi, ervi,
SCRA
172
Fcts: rio l)nn &le$ n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' (is ln$ sit"te$ in Siln! C.ite it( t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt o' C.ite on Fe)r"r, 20 177 (ic( (e %"rc(se$ 'ro* E$"r$o elsco e ssile$ t(t (is %re$ecessors-in-interests ere in n o%en notorio"s contin"o"s $.erse n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e ln$ 'or *ore t(n 30 ,ers l)nn lle!e$ t(t t(e s")ect %ro%ert, is n lien)le n$ $is%os)le %tri*onil %ro%ert, o' t(e Stte s e.i$ence$ certi&cte iss"e$ ), CE/@-DE/ (ence t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt !rnte$ ), t(et(e %etition T(e
@S> %%ele$ it( t(e CA lle!in! t(t t(e /TC erre$ in !rntin! t(e %etition &le$ ), l)nn )ec"se t(e %etitioner 'ile$ to %ro.e t(t t(e s")ect ln$ is %tri*onil %ro%ert, o' t(e Stte D"rin! t(e %en$enc, o' t(e cse it( t(e CA l)nn $ie$ (ence (is interest is re%resente$ ), (is (eirs Iss"e: In or$er t(t n lien)le n$ $is%os)le ln$ o' t(e %")lic $o*in *, )e re!istere$ "n$er Section 14819 o' Presi$entil Decree o 1527 ot(erise knon s t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree s(o"l$ t(e ln$ )e clssi&e$ s lien)le n$ $is%os)le s o' J"ne 12 1745 or is it s"cient t(t s"c( clssi&ction occ"r t n, ti*e %rior to t(e &lin! o' t(e %%licnt 'or re!istrtion %ro.i$e$ t(t it is est)lis(e$ t(t t(e %%licnt (s )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession o' t(e ln$ "n$er )on &$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlier< /"lin!: In connection it( Section 14819 o' t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree Section 48)9 o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act reco!ni#es n$ con&r*s t(t Gt(ose (o ), t(e*sel.es or t(ro"!( t(eir %re$ecessors in interest (.e )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' lien)le n$ $is%os)le ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745H (.e c"ire$ oners(i% o' n$ re!istr)le title to s"c( ln$s )se$ on t(e len!t( n$ "lit, o' t(eir %ossession Since Section 48)9 *erel, re"ires %ossession since 12 J"ne 1745 n$ $oes not re"ire re"ir e t(t t(e ln$s s(o"l$ (.e )een lien)le n$ $is%os)le $is%os)le $"rin! t(e entire %erio$ o' %ossession t(e %ossessor is entitle$ to sec"re "$icil con&r*tion o' (is tit title le t(ere t(ereto to s soon soon s it is $eclr $eclre$ e$ lien)l lien)le e n$ $is%os)le $is%os)le s")ect s")ect to t(e ti*e'r*e i*%ose$ ), Section 4 o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act T(e ri!(t to re!ister !rnte$ "n$er Section 48)9 o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act is '"rt(er con&r*e$ ), Section 14819 o' t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree
11
Averi vs Cguio 146 SCRA 4&)
*tul,!
ervi, Fcts: T(e %etitioner (erein re'"se$ to %rtici%te in t(e (erin! o' t(e re!istrtion %rocee$in!s )elo cli*in! t(e res%on$ent co"rt ctin! s c$strl co"rt ($ no co*%etence to ct "%on t(e si$ cse "n$er Section 112 o' Act 476 ot(erise knon kno n s t(e Q=n$ Q=n$ /e!istr e!istrtio tion n ActQ ActQ It is r r!"e$ !"e$ t(t t(t t(e loer loer co"rt ($ no co*%etence to ct on t(e re!istrtion so"!(t )ec"se o' t(e )sence o' "nni*it, *on! t(e %rties s re"ire$ "n$er Section 112 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act Iss"e: ;(et(er or not t(e co"rt (s "ris$iction to or$er t(e re!istrtion o' $ee$ o' sle /"lin!:
;it( re'erence to Section 112 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act 8no Section 10 o' PD o 15279 t(e co"rt is no lon!er 'ettere$ ), its 'or*er li*ite$ "ris$iction (ic( en)le$ it to !rnt relie' onl, in cses (ere t(ere s Q"nni*it, *on! t(e %rtiesQ or none o' t(e* rise$ n, Q$.erse cli* or serio"s o)ectionQ Un$er t(e *en$ * en$e$ e$ l l t(e t(e co co"rt "rt is no no "t( "t(or ori# i#e$ e$ to (er (er n$ n$ $eci $eci$e $e not not onl, onl, s"c( s"c( noncontro.ersil cses )"t e.en t(e contentio"s n$ s")stntil iss"es s"c( s t(e "estion t )r (ic( ere )e,on$ its co*%etence )e'ore
12 Arceo vs CA ervi,
18& SCRA 48)
&/8/1))0 *tul,!
Fcts: S%o"ses Arceos one$ "nre!istere$ %rcels o' ln$ t(e, ($ son n*e$ Este)n (o (s &.e c(il$ren @ne o' Este)ns c(il$ren n*e$ Jose (o s t(en *rrie$ *r rie$ to ir!ini ir!ini Frnco rnco Jose Jose n$ ir!ini ir!ini ($ t(en t(en si+ c(il$r c(il$ren en Be'or Be'ore e t(e s%o"ses Arceo %sse$ , t(e, e+ec"te$ $ee$ o' $ontion in '.or o' Jose co.erin! t(e s")ect $is%"te$ ln$ So*eti*e in 172 ir!in to!et(er it( (er c(il$ren &le$ n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' t(e s")ect ln$ it( t(e c$strl co"rt T(e s*e s conteste$ ), t( t(e e ot ot(e (err (eirs (eirs (enc (ence e t(e t(e co co"rt "rt $enie $enie$ $ t(e %etit %etitio ion n n$ n$ $istr $istri)" i)"te te$ $ t(e t(e ln$ ln$ ccor$in! to t(e l Soon t(ere'ter t(e $ecision s %%ele$ to t(e Co"rt o' A%%els (ic( r*e$ t(e $ecision o' t(e loer co"rt ence t(e %etitioners no r!"e it( t(e S"%re*e Co"rt t(t t(e c$strl co"rt s )ere't o' t(e %oer to $eter* $et er*ine ine conRic conRictin! tin! cli*s cli*s o' oners oners(i% (i% n$ t(t t(t its "t(or "t(orit, it, s solel, solel, to con&r* n e+istin! title n$ t(t n,, ll t(e lots s(o"l$ (.e )een r$e$ to t(e* ), .irt"e o' o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession since 1741 81742 817 42 (en Jose Jose took took %osses %ossessio sion n o' t(e %rcel %rcels9 s9 or ot(er ot(erise ise ), c"isi c"isiti. ti.e e %rescri%tion Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e /e!ionl Tril Tril Co"rt (s "ris$iction o.er t(e *tter /"lin!: T(e S"%re*e Co"rt r"le$ t(t "n$er Section 2 o' t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree t(e "ris$iction o' t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt sittin! s ln$ re!istrtion co"rt is no lon!er s circ"*scri)e$ s it s "n$er Act o 476 t(e 'or*er ln$ re re!ist !istrt rtion ion l l T(e S"%re*e S"%re*e Co"rt Co"rt si$ si$ t(t t(t t(e Decre Decree e G(s G(s eli*int eli*inte$ e$ t(e $istinction )eteen t(e !enerl "ris$iction .este$ in t(e re!ionl tril co"rt n$ t(e li*ite$ "ris$iction con'erre$ "%on it ), t(e 'or*er l (en ctin! *erel, s c$strl co"rtH T(e *en$*ent s i*e$ t .oi$in! *"lti%licit, o' s"its t(e c(n!e (s si*%li&e$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s ), con'errin! "%on t(e re"ire$ tril co"rts t(e "t(orit, to ct not onl, on %%lictions 'or re!istrtion )"t lso o.er ll %etitions &le$ 'ter ori!inl re!istrtion o' title it( %oer to (er n$ $eter*ine ll "estions risin! 'ro* s"c( %%lictions or %etitions
FACTS: /o*eo rtine# n$ =eonor S"re# re t(e re!istere$ oner o' &s(%on$ in =")o P*%n! P *%n! T(e &s(%on$ s ori!inll, one$ ), onte*,or onte*,or (o sec"re$ Gtit"lo relH o.er it A'ter onte*,ors $et( t(e %ro%ert, s %sse$ to (is s"ccessorsin-interest (o in t"rn sol$ it to >rci Bec"se >rci s %re.ente$ ), t(en *"nici%l %resi$ent o' =")o Beltrn 'ro* restorin! t(e $ikes on t(e constr"cte$ %ro%ert, >rci &le$ cse to retrin Beltrn in (is ocil c%cit, 'ro* *olestin! (i* in %ossession %ossession o' t(e %rcel %rcel n$ %%lie$ 'or rit o' %reli*inr, %reli*inr, in"nction T(e rit s iss"e$ !inst t(e *"nici%l %resi$ent n$ s $eclre$ %er*nent ), t(e Co"rt n$ s r*e$ ), t(e S"%re*e Co"rt >rci %%lie$ 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e ln$ in (is n*e n$ t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! sittin! s ln$ re re!ist !istrt rtion ion co"rt co"rt !rnte$ !rnte$ t(e re re!ist !istrt rtion ion P"rs" P"rs"nt nt to t(is $ecisio $ecision n @CT s !rnte !r nte$ $ to >rci >rci @ners @ners(i% (i% o' t(e %ro%ert %ro%ert, , c(n!e$ c(n!e$ (n$s (n$s "ntil "ntil e.ent" e.ent"ll, ll, c"i c"ire re$ $ ), rt rtin ine# e# ), .irt" .irt"e e o' TCT CT To .oi .oi$ $ n, n, "nto "ntor r$ $ inci$e inci$ent nt t(e t(e $is%"tnts !ree$ to re'er t(e *tter to t(e Co**ittee on /i.ers n$ Stre*s (ic( s")-co**itte s")-co **ittee T(e s")-co**itte s")-co **ittee e ), s")*itte$ s")*itt e$ T(e re%ort re%oco**ittee rt t(t t(e %rcel %%ointe$ s not %")lic ri.er )"t e%ri.te &s(%on$ on rtine# ren$ere$ $ecision t(t rtine# s(o"l$ )e restore$ to t(e e+cl"si.e %ossession "se "se n$ n$ eno eno,* ,*ent ent o' t(e t(e %rc %rcel el T(e T(e *"nic *"nici% i%l l o oci cil l o' =") =")o o re re'" '"se se$ $ to reco!ni#e t(e $ecision rtine# &le$ cse !inst t(e *,or %r,in! t(t t(e ltter )e enoine$ 'ro* *olestin! t(e* in t(eir %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ in t(e constr"ction o' t(e $ikes t(erein ;(ile t(e cse s still %en$in! t(en Sec ore o reno no o' P")li P")lic c ;orks orks n$ n$ Co** Co**"ni "nic ctio tions ns or$er or$ere$ e$ not not(e (err in.es in.esti ti! !tio tion n $irectin! rtine# to re*o.e t(e $ikes t(e, ($ constr"cte$ on t(e stren!t( o' t(e "t(orit, .este$ in (i* ), /A 2056 entitle$ GAn Act to Pro(i)it /e*o.e n$?or De*olis( t(e Constr"ction o' D*s Dikes or An, @t(er ;lls in P")lic .i!)le ;ters or ;ter,s n$ in Co**"nl Fis(in! >ro"n$s To To /e!"lte ;orks in s"c( s" c( ;ter or ;ter,s n$ in Co**"nl Fis(in! >ro"n$s n$ to Pro.i$e Penlties 'or its ioltion n$ 'or ot(er T(e'il or$er e*)o$ie$ $,s t(retrtine# t(t t(e&le$ $ikes o"l$ )e $e*olis(e$ s(o"l$P"r%osesH t(e rtine# to co*%l, in 30
cse in t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! (ic( r"le$ in (is '.or T(e loer co"rt $eclre$ t(t t(e $ecision ren$ere$ ), t(e Un$ersecretr, o' P")lic ;orks n$ Co**"nicti Co**" nictions ons n"ll n$ .oi$ T(e ocils ocils o' t(e De%rt*ent De%rt*ent o' P")lic ;orks ;orks n$ Co** Co **"ni "nic cti tion ons s %%e %%el le$ e$ co conte nten$i n$in! n! t(t t(t rt rtine ine# # (.e (.e no c c"s "se e o' ctio ction n )ec"se t(e %ro%ert, in $is%"te is %")lic ri.er T(e CA re.erse$ t(e r"lin! o' t(e loer co"rt n$ $eclre$ %rcel co.ere$ ), TCT o' rtine# is %")lic stre* n$ t(t si$ title s(o"l$ )e cncelle$ n$ t(e ri.er co.ere$ re.erte$ to %")lic $o*in rtine# ssils t(is $ecision )ein! collterl ttck on t(e in$e'esi)ilit, o' t(e torrens title ori!inll, iss"e$ i ss"e$ in 1725 in '.or o' t(eir %re$ecessor-in-interest ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt cn $"$!e t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ o' t(e %")lic $o*in E=D: o T(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt (s no "ris$iction o.er non-re!ister)le %ro%erties s"c( s %")lic n.i!)le ri.ers (ic( re %rts o' t(e %")lic $o*in n$ cnnot .li$l, $"$!e t(e re!istrtion o' title in '.or o' %ri.te %%licnt ence t(e "$!*ent o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! s re!r$s t(e =ot o 2 o' Certi&cte o' $i Title oor1556 inrll, t(e t n, ti*e ti*e ei eit( t(er er $ire rect ctl, l, co coll llte ter ll, n*e ), t(e t(o' e %etitioners Stt Stte e (ic (ic( (*, is )e not notttcke$ )o"n$ )o"n$ ), n, n, %rescri%ti.e %erio$ %ro.i$e$ 'or ), t(e Stt"te o' =i*ittions T(e ri!(t o' re.ersion or recon.e,nce to t(e Stte o' t(e %")lic %ro%erties 'r"$"lentl, re!istere$ n$ (ic( (ic ( r re e not c%)l c%)le e o' %ri.te %ri.te %%ro%ri %%ro%ritio tion n or %ri.te %ri.te c"is c"isitio ition n $oes $oes not %rescri)e
17 Re%u'lic vs CA Re.ville
2)) SCRA 1))
Crti;uit!
FACTS: /A 177 "t(ori#e$ t(e recl*tion o' 'ores(ore ln$s ), c(rtere$ cities In.okin! t( t(e e %r %ro. o.is isio ion n o' /A 177 177 Ps, s, Cit, Cit, Co"n Co"nci cill %ss %sse$ e$ n or$i or$in nnc nce e 'or 'or t( t(e e re recl cl*t *tion ion o' 300 (ectre (ectres s o' 'ores( 'ores(or ore e ln$s ln$s e*%oe e*%oerin! rin! t(e Cit, Cit, ,or ,or to r$ n$ enter into recl*tion contrcts n$ %rescri)in! ter*s n$ con$itions t( t(er ere' e'or or T(e or$in or$inn nce ce s s *en *en$e $e$ $ "t( "t(or ori# i#in! in! t(e t(e /e%") e%")lic lic /e ell Es Est tte te Cor%ortion 8G//ECH9 to recli* 'ores(ore ln$s o' Ps, Cit, "n$er certin ter*s n$ con$itions T(e /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines 8G/e%")licH9 &le$ Co*%lint 'or /eco.er, o' Possession n$ D*!es it( ;rit o' Preli*inr, Pre.enti.e In"nction n$ n$tor, In"nction )e'ore t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l T(e co*%lint s *en$e$ "estionin! s")ect A!ree*ent )eteen Ps, Cit, n$ //EC on t(e !ro"n$s t(t t(e s")ect *tter o' s"c( A!ree*ent is o"tsi$e t(e co**erce o' *n t(t its ter*s n$ con$itions re .iolti.e o' /A 177 n$ t(t t(e si$ A!ree*ent s e+ec"te$ it(o"t n, %")lic )i$$in! CFIC iss"e n or$er t(t t(e $e'en$nts t(eir !ents n$ ll %ersons cl cli*in i*in! ! "n$er "n$eor r t(e* t(e * to re re'r 'rin in n, 'ro* 'ro*re '"rt(e '"rt(er r re recl cli*in i*in! ! or co* *ittin! tin! cts cts o' $is%ossession $es%olition o.er it(in t(e nil B,co**it or t(e
nil B, nil B, Bec( Bec( /esort esort It lso lso iss"e$ iss"e$ rit o' %r %reli* eli*inr inr, , in"nct in"nction ion (ic( (ic( eno en oine ine$ $ t(e t(e $e'e $e'en$ n$nt nts s //EC //EC n$ n$ Ps, s, Cit, Cit, t(eir t(eir !ent !ents s n$ n$ ll %e %ers rson ons s cli*in! "n$er t(e* G'ro* '"rt(er recli*in! or co**ittin! cts o' $is%ossessionH T(e CFIC r"le$ in '.or o' Ps, Ps, Cit, n$ //EC /e%")lic %%ele$ to CA Be'ore %%el co"l$ )e resol.e$ PD 3-A s iss"e$ t("s: GT(e %ro.isions o' n, l to t(e contrr, notit(stn$in! t(e recl*tion o' res "n$er ter (et(er 'ores(ore or inln$ s(ll )e li*ite$ to t(e tionl >o.ern*ent or n, %erson "t(ori#e$ ), it "n$er %ro%er contrct All recl*tions *$e in .ioltion o' t(is %ro.ision s(ll )e 'or'eite$ 'or'e ite$ to t(e Stte it(o"t it(o"t nee$ o' "$icil "$icil ction ction Contrcts Contrcts 'or recl*ti recl*tion on still le!ll, e+istin! or (ose .li$it, (s )een cce%te$ ), t(e tionl >o.ern*ent s(ll )e tken o.er ), t(e tionl >o.ern*ent on t(e )sis o' "nt"* *er"it 'or %ro%er %rosec"tion o' t(e %roect in.ol.e$ ), $*inistrtionH /e%")lic n$ t(e Cons Co nstr tr"c "cti tion on De.e De.elo lo%* %*en entt Cor% Cor%or ort tio ion n o' t(e t(e P(ili P(ili%% %%ine ines s 8GCD 8GCDCPH CPH99 si!ne si!ne$ $ Contrct 'or t(e nil-C.ite Costl /o$ Proect 8P(ses I n$ II9 (ic( contrct incl"$e inc l"$e$ $ t(e re recl cl*t *tion ion n$ $e.elo $e.elo%*e %*ent nt o' r res es co.er co.ere$ e$ ), t(e A!ree* A!ree*ent ent )eteen Ps, Cit, n$ //EC T(en t(ere s iss"e$ Presi$entil Decree o 105 (ic( trns'erre$ to t(e P")lic Estte A"t(orit, 8GPEAH9 t(e ri!(ts n$ o)li!tions o' t(e /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines "n$er t(e contrct )eteen t(e /e%")lic n$ CDCP CA Ar*e$ t(e Decision o' t(e CFIC n$ //EC (s t(e o%tion to )", 60M o' 21 (ectres o' ln$ lre$, recli*e$ Ps, Cit, n$ //EC &le$ *otion t(t 55 (ectres ($ )een recli*e$ CA *o$i&e$ its $ecision n$ or$ere$ t(e t"rn-o.er to Ps, Cit, o' t(e oners(i% n$ %ossession o' 7 lots l ots title$ in t(e n*e o' CCP CCP ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e CA is correct in $eci$in! t(t t(e oners(i% n$ %ossession o' t(e 7 title$ lots )e t"rne$-o.er Ps, Cit, Cit, E=D: o A noti o notice ce o' li lis s %en$ %en$en ens s is nece necess ssr r, , (en (en t( t(e e cti ction on is 'or 'or reco. eco.er er, , o' %ossession or oners(i% o' %rcel o' ln$ In t(e %resent liti!tion //EC n$ Ps, Cit, s $e'en$nts in t(e *in cse $i$ not co"ntercli* 'or t(e t"rno.er to Ps, Cit, o' t(e title$ lots 'ore*entione$ ;(t is *ore torrens title cnnot )e collterll, ttcke$ T(e iss"eonl, o' .li$it, o' torrens title iss"e$ or not *, )e %ose$ in n ction )ro"!(t to (et(er i*%"!n 'r"$"lentl, or nn"l it Un*istk)le n$ cnnot )e i!nore$ is t(e !er*ne %ro.ision o' Section 4 o' PD 1527 t(t certi&cte o' title cn ne.er )e t(e s")ect o' collterl ttck It cnnot )e ltere$ *o$i&e$ or cncelle$ e+ce%t in $irect %rocee$in! instit"te$ in ccor$nce it( l
18
Alvrez vs <C 606 SCRA 444 Crti;uit! Re.ville
12/3/200)
FACTS: PIC@P &le$ it( t(e De%rt*ent o' En.iron*ent n$ t"rl /eso"rces 8DE/9 n %%liction to (.e its Ti*)er =icense A!ree*ent 8T=A9 o 43 con.erte$ into n IFA In t(e *i$$le o' t(e %rocessin! o' PIC@Ps %%liction (oe.er PIC@P re'"se$
to tten$ '"rt(er *eetin!s it( t(e DE/ Inste$ on 2 Se%te*)er 2002 PIC@P &le$ )e'ore t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt 8/TC9 o' "e#on Cit, Petition 'or n$*"s !inst t(en DE/ Secretr, Al.re# PIC@P seeks t(e iss"nce o' %ri.ile!e$ rit o' *n$*"s to co*%el t(e DE/ Secretr, to si!n e+ec"te n$ $eli.er n IFA to PIC@P ;(il ;( ile e PI PIC@ C@P P $i $i$ $ not not se seek ek n, n, cert certi& i&c cti tion on 'r 'ro* o* t( t(e e CIP CIP t( t(t t t( t(e e 'or* 'or*er ers s concession not o.erl% it( n, ncestrl $o*in initill, so"!(t to co*%l, it(re t(e $i$ re"ire*ent "n$er Sections 26 n$ 2 o'PIC@P t(e =ocl >o.ern*ent Co$e to %roc"re %rior %%ro.l o' t(e Sn!!"nins concerne$ oe.er onl, one o' t( t(e e *n, *n, %r %ro. o.in ince ces s Lec Lecte te$ $ %%r %%ro. o.e$ e$ t( t(e e iss" iss"n nce ce o' n IFA IFA to PI PIC@ C@P P Un$"nte$ Un$"nt e$ PIC@P ne.ert(eless s")*itte$ s")*itte$ to t(e DE/ t(e %"r%orte$ %"r%orte$ resol"tion resol"tion o' t(e Pro.ince o' S"ri!o $el S"r in$orsin! t(e %%ro.l o' PIC@Ps %%liction 'or IFA IF A con. con.er ersio sion n %% %%re rent ntl, l, (o%in (o%in! ! eit(e eit(err t(t t(t t(e t(e $is% $is%%r %ro. o.l l o' t(e t(e ot(er ot(er %ro.inces o"l$ !o "nnotice$ or t(t t(e S"ri!o $el S"r %%ro.l o"l$ )e trete$ s s"cient co*%lince T(e c"se o' ction o' PIC@P in its Petition 'or n$*"s it( t(e tril co"rt is t(t t(e !o.ern*e !o.ern*ent nt is )o"n$ )o"n$ ), contr contrct ct 1767 1767 Doc"*e Doc"*ent nt si!ne$ si!ne$ ), t(en t(en Pres Pres rcos r cos to enter enter into n Inte!r Inte!rte$ te$ Forest orest n!e n!e*en *entt A!ree* A!ree*ent ent 8IFA9 8IFA9 it( it( PIC@P ISSUES: 9 ;(et(er t(e 1767 Doc"*ent is contrct reco!ni#e$ "n$er t(e noni*%ir*ent i*%ir *ent cl"se ), (ic( t(e !o.ern*ent !o.ern*ent *, )e )o"n$ 'or t(e iss"nce iss"nce o' t(e IFA )9 ;(et(er PIC@P co*%l %liie$ it( it( t(e =>C re"ire ire*ent o' o)t )tinin inin! ! %rio %riorr %%ro.l %%r o.l o' t(e Sn!!"nin concerne$ concerne$ ), s")*ittin! s")*ittin! %"r%orte$ resol"tion resol"tion o' t(e Pro.ince o' S"ri!o $el S"r in$orsin! t(e %%ro.l o' PIC@Ps %%liction 'or IFA con.ersion E=D: 9 o A ti*) i*)er lic ice ense is n inst nstr"*e "*ent ), (ic (ic( ( t(e St Stte re!"l "l tes t(e "tili# "ti li#tio tion n n$ $is%os $is%ositio ition n o' 'orest 'orest re reso"r so"rces ces to t(e en$ t(t t(t %")lic %")lic el'r el're e is %ro*ote$ A ti*)er license is not contrct it(in t(e %"r.ie o' t(e $"e %rocess cl"se it is onl, license or %ri.ile!e (ic( cn )e .li$l, it($rn (ene.er $ictte$ ), %")lic interest or %")lic el're s in t(is cse A license is *erel, %er*it or %ri.ile!e to $o (t ot(erise o"l$ )e "nl'"l n$ is not contrct )eteen t(e "t(orit, 'e$erl stte or *"nici%l !rntin! it n$ t(e %erson to (o* it is !rnte$ neit(er is it %ro%ert, or %ro%ert, ri!(t nor $oes it crete .este$ ri!(t nor is it t+tion T("s t(is Co"rt (el$ t(t t(e !rntin! o' license $oes not crete irre.oc)le ri!(ts neit(er is it %ro%ert, or %ro%ert, ri!(ts Since ti*)er licenses re not contrcts t(e non-i*%ir*ent cl"se cnnot )e in.oke$ )9 o T(e %%ro %ro.l .l o' t(e Sn!! !!"n "niin conce ncerne$ is re" re"iire$ ), l not not )ec"se t(e locl !o.ern*ent (s control o.er s"c( %roect )"t )ec"se t(e locl !o.e !o .errn*en n*entt (s (s t( t(e e $"t, $"t, to %r %rot otec ectt its its cons consti tit" t"en ents ts n$ n$ t( t(ei eirr st stk ke e in t( t(e e
i*%le*enttion o' t(e %roect A!in Section 26 sttes t(t it %%lies to %roects t(t G*, c"se %oll"tion cli*tic c(n!e $e%letion o' nonrene)le reso"rces loss o' cro% ln$ rn!eln$ or 'orest co.er n$ e+tinction o' ni*l or %lnt s%eciesH T(e locl !o.ern*ent s(o"l$ t("s re%resent t(e co**"nities in s"c( re t(e .er, %eo%le (o ill )e Lecte$ ), Roo$in! ln$sli$es or e.en cli*tic c(n!e i' t(e %roect is not %ro%erl, re!"lte$ n$ (o likeise (.e stke in t(e re reso" so"rc rces es in t(e re re n$ $eser.e $eser.e to )e $e"t $e"tel, el, co*%en co*%enst ste$ e$ (en (en t(ese t(ese reso"rces re e+%loite$ In$ee$ it o"l$ )e )s"r$ to cli* t(t t(e %roect *"st &rst )e $e.ol.e$ to t(e locl !o.ern*ent )e'ore t(e re"ire*ent o' t(e ntionl !o.ern*ent seekin! %%ro.l 'ro* t(e locl !o.ern*ent cn )e %%lie$ I' %roect (s )een $e.ol.e$ to t(e locl !o.ern*ent t(e locl !o.ern*ent itsel' o"l$ )e i*%le*entin! t(e %roect T(t t(e locl !o.ern*ent o"l$ nee$ its on %%ro.l )e'ore i*%le*entin! its on %roect is %tentl, sill, sill ,
1) 9eir eirs o off C Cllee-e, e,te te vs 9e 9eir irs so off = =ic ice, e,te te Er- r-c 403 403 SCRA 2)1 Cstillo! ri,z (e->el Fcts: At =ot o 666 s ori!inll, one$ ), Cl"$io Er*c n$ 'ter (is $et( s in(erite$ ), (is c(il$ren Este)n Bl)in n$ Pe$ro Cle*ente Er*c re!istere$ t(e si$ =ot to (is n*e lone it(o"t re!r$s to t(e ot(er %re$ecessors-in-interests T(e res%on$ents ere )le to %ro.e consistentl, n$ corro)orti.el, t(t t(e, s ell e ll s t( t(ei eirr %r %re$ e$ec eces esso sors rs-i -inn-in inte terrests ests ($ ($ )een )een in o%en o%en cont contin in"o "o"s "s n$ n$ "n$ist"r)e$ %ossession n$ occ"%tion t(ereo' in t(e conce%t o' oners Acco Accor$ r$in! in! to t( t(e e %%e %%ell llte te co co"r "rt t G GtV tV(e (e 'ct 'ct t(t t(t %et %etiti ition oner ersV sV (.e (.e in t(eir t(eir %ossession certi&ctes o' title (ic( %%rentl, )er o"t t(t it sV Cle*ente Er*c lone (o cli*e$ t(e entire %ro%ert, $escri)e$ t(erein (sV no $iscre$itin! eLec eL ectt "%on "%on %l %li int ntiL iLs s cl cli i* * it %%e %%er rin in! ! t( t(t t s" s"c( c( titl titles es er ere c" c"ir ire$ e$ in $ero!tion o' t(e e+istin! .li$ n$ $.erse interests o' t(e %lintiLs (ose title ), s"ccession ere eLecti.el, $isre!r$e$H Iss"e: 1 ;(et(er or not t(e lle!e$ t+ $eclrtions n$ t+ recei%ts re s"cient to $e'et $e' et t(e tit title le o.er o.er t(e %ro%ert %ro%ert, , in t(e n*es n*es o' %etitio %etitioner ners s %re$e %re$eces cessor sors-in s-in-interest S%o"sesV Cle*ente Er*c n$ An"ncicion S",co 2 ;(et(er or not lc(es (s set in on t(e cli*s ), t(e res%on$ents on %ortions o' =ot o 666 T(e Co"rts /"lin! First Iss"e: @ners(i% o' t(e Dis%"te$ =ot Petitioners cli* t(t t(e CA erre$ in rel,in! on t(e (ers, n$ "ns")stntite$ testi*on, testi* on, o' res%on$ents res%on$ents s ell s on t+ $eclrtions $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ recei%ts in or$er to s"%%ort its r"lin! t(t t(e ln$ s one$ ), Cl"$io Er*c
;e re not %ers"$e$ T(e cre$ence !i.en to t(e testi*on, o' t(e itnesses 'or res%on$ents is 'ct"l iss"e lre$, %sse$ "%on n$ resol.e$ ), t(e tril n$ t(e %%ellte co"rts It is (orn)ook $octrine t(t onl, "estions o' l re entertine$ in %%els ), certiorri "n$er /"le 45 o' t(e /"les o' Co"rt T(e tril co"rts &n$in!s o' 'ct 'ct (ic( (ic( t(e CA r*e$ r*e$ re re !ener !enerll, ll, concl" concl"si.e si.e n$ )in$in! )in$in! "%on "%on t(is t(is Co"rt17 oreo.er n$ relt, t+ recei%ts $o not(en concl"si.el, %ro.e oners(i%(ile t(e, t+ *,$eclrtions constit"te stron! e.i$ence o' oners(i% cco*%nie$ ), %oss %osses essi sion on 'o 'orr %eri %erio$ o$ s"c s"cie ient nt 'o 'orr %r %res escr cri% i%ti tion on2 20 0 Cons Consi$ i$er erin in! ! t( t(t t res%on$ents (.e )een in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, 'or lon! %erio$ o' ti*e t(ere is le!l )sis 'or t(eir "se o' t+ $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ recei%ts s $$itionl e.i$ence to s"%%ort t(eir cli* o' oners(i% Secon$ Iss"e: Prescri%tion n$ =c(es Petit etitio ione ners rs sse ssert rt t( t(t t t( t(e e one oners rs(i (i% % cl cli i*e *e$ $ ), res es%o %on$ n$en ents ts is )rr )rre$ e$ ), %rescri%tion n$ lc(es )ec"se it took t(e ltter 5 ,ers to )rin! t(e %resent ction ;e $is!ree ;(en %rt, "ses 'r"$ or concel*ent to o)tin certi&cte o' title to %ro%ert, constr"cti.e tr"st is crete$ in '.or o' t(e $e'r"$e$ %rt, Since Cl"$io Er*c (s lre$, lre$, )een est)lis(e$ est)lis(e$ in t(e %resent cse cse s t(e ori!inl oner o' t(e ln$ t(e re!istrtion in t(e n*e o' Cle*ente Er*c *ent t(t t(e ltter (el$ t(e ln$ in tr"st 'or ll t(e (eirs o' t(e 'or*er 'or*er Since res%on$ents res%on$ents ere in ct"l ct"l %ossession %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, t(e ction to en'orce t(e tr"st n$ reco.er t(e %ro%ert, n$ t(ere), "iet title t(ereto $oes not %rescri)e Bec"se lc(es is n e"it)le $octrine its %%liction is controlle$ ), e"it)le consi$ertions23 It cnnot )e "se$ to $e'et "stice or to %er%et"te 'r"$ n$ in"stice24 Its %%liction s(o"l$ not %re.ent t(e ri!(t'"l oners o' %ro%ert, to reco.er (t (s )een 'r"$"lentl, 'r"$"len tl, re!istere$ in t(e n n*e *e o' not(er not(er ;E/EF@/E t(e Petition is (ere), DEIED n$ t(e ssile$ Decision AFFI/ED Costs !inst %etitioners
20
Re%u'lic vs <glesi ,i Cristo &)1 6/30/200) Cstillo! ri,z (e->el
SCRA
438
Fcts: S")ect o' t(e instnt in stnt contro.ers, is =ot o 3746 o' t(e C"rri*o C$stre @n o.e*)er 17 177 I!lesi i Cristo 8IC9 re%resente$ ), Ero > nlo s cor%o cor%ort rte e sole sole &le$ &le$ its A%%lic A%%lictio tion n 'or /e!is /e!istr trtio tion n o' Title Title )e'or )e'ore e t(e CTC CTC in Po,-C"rri*o A%%en$e$ to t(e %%liction ere t(e se%i or trcin! clot( o' %ln So-1-00104 t(e tec(nicl $escri%tion o' s")ect lot3V t(e >eo$etic En!ineers Certi&cte4V T+ Declrtion o 8TD9 500265V co.erin! t(e s")ect lot n$ t(e
Se%te*)er 170 Dee$ o' Sle6V e+ec"te$ ), Bernr$o Bn$!"io in '.or o' IC T(e /e%")lic t(ro"!( t(e @ce o' t(e Solicitor >enerl 8@S>9 entere$ its %%ernce %%er nce n$ $e%"ti#e$ $e%"ti#e$ t(e Pro.incil Pro.incil Prosec"tor Prosec"tor o' =o! =o! Cit, to %%er %%er on its )e(l' It lso &le$ n @%%osition to ICs %%liction Iss"e: ;@ TE C@U/T @F APPEA=S E//ED @ A UESTI@ @F =A; I AFFI/I> TE CTCV CT CV DECISI@ >/ATI> TE APP=ICATI@ F@/ =AD = AD /E>IST/A /E>IST /ATI@ TI@ el$: IC entitle$ to re!istr)le ri!(t o.er s")ect lot ;it( t(e resol"tion o' t(e core iss"e e &n$ no error in t(e &n$in!s o' t(e co"rts "o t(t IC ($ in$ee$ s"cientl, est)lis(e$ its %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e s")ect lot in ccor$nce it( t(e P")lic =n$ Act n$ Sec 14819 o' PD 1527 n$ ($ $"l, %ro.e$ its ri!(t to "$icil con&r*tion con&r*tion o' i*%er'ect i*%er'ect title o.er s")ect lot As r"le t(e &n$in!s o' 'ct o' t(e tril co"rt (en r*e$ ), t(e CA re &nl n$ concl"si.e on n$ cnnot )e re.iee$ on %%el ), t(is Co"rt s lon! s t(e, re )orne o"t ), t(e recor$ or re )se$ on s")stntil e.i$ence T(e Co"rt is not trier o' 'cts its "ris$iction )ein! li*ite$ to re.iein! onl, errors o' l t(t *, (.e )een co**itte$ ), t(e loer co"rts24V T(is is %%lic)le to t(e instnt cse T(e %ossession o' IC (s )een est)lis(e$ not onl, 'ro* 1752 n$ 1757 (en it %"rc(se$ t(e res%ecti.e (l.es o' t(e s")ect lot )"t is lso tcke$ on to t(e %oss %o sses essi sion on o' its its %r %re$ e$ec eces esso sors rs-in -in-in -inte tere rest st B$ B$n!" n!"io io n n$ $ S)"c S)"co o t(e t(e ltt ltter er %ossessin! t(e s")ect lot , )e'ore J"ne 12 1745 s (e in(erite$ t(e )i!!er lot o' (ic( t(e s")ect s")ect lot is %ortio %ortion n 'ro* 'ro* (is %rents %rents T(ese %ossessio %ossessions ns n$ occ"%tion'ro* S)"co incl"$in! t(ose o' (is %rents to ICK n$ 'ro* S)"co to B$n!"io to IC ($ )een in t(e conce%t o' oners: o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition o' %ro%ert, T(ese ($ not )een $ist"r)e$ s tteste$ to ), res%on$ents itnesses %ro%ert, ;E/EF@/E t(is %etition is (ere), DEIED Accor$in!l, t(e @cto)er 11 200 CA Decision in CA->/ CA- >/ C o 534 is (ere), AFFI/ED I T@ T@T@ T@
21
Chvez vs EA 384 SCRA 1&2 Cstillo! ri,z (e->el
12/)/2002
FACTS: Presi$ent rcos t(ro"!( %resi$entil $ecree crete$ PEA (ic( s tske$ it( t(e $e.elo%*ent $e.elo%*ent i*%ro.e*ent i*%ro.e*ent n$ c"isition c"isition lese n$ sle o' ll kin$s kin$ s o' ln$s ln$s T(e t(en %resi$e %resi$ent nt lso trns'er trns'erre re$ $ to PEA t(e 'ores( 'ores(or ore e n$ oLs(ore ln$s o' nil B, "n$er t(e nil-C.ite Costl /o$ n$ /ecl*tion Proect
T(ere'ter PEA s ! !rnte$ rnte$ %tent to t(e recli*e$ res o' ln$ n$ t(en ,ers lter PEA entere$ into JA JA it( AA/I 'or t(e $e.elo%*ent o' t(e Free$o* Isln$s T(ese to entere$ en tere$ into oint .ent"re in t(e )sence o' n, %")lic )i$$in! =ter %ri.ile!e s%eec( s !i.en ), Sentor Presi$ent ce$ $eno $e no"n "nci cin! n! t( t(e e J JA A s t(e t(e !rn$* !rn$*ot ot(e (err o' ll sc sc* *s s An in in.e .est sti! i!ti tion on s s con$"cte$ it s concl"$e$ t(t t(ecerti&ctes ln$s t(t o' PEA so.er con.e,in! to AA/I ere ln$sn$ o' t(e %")lic $o*inK t(e title t(e Free$o* Isln$s ere .oi$K n$ t(e JA JA itsel' s ille!l T(is %ro*%te$ /*os to 'or* n in.esti!tor, co**ittee on t(e le!lit, o' t(e JA JA Petitioner no co*es n$ conten$s t(t t(e !o.ern*ent stn$s to lose )illions ), t(e con.e,nce or sle o' o' t(e recli*e$ recli*e$ res to AA/I e lso ske$ 'or t(e '"ll $isclos"re o' t(e rene!otitions (%%enin! )eteen t(e %rties ISSUE: ;? sti%"ltions in t(e *en$e$ JA 'or t(e trns'er to AA/I o' t(e ln$s recli*e$ or to )e recli*e$ .iolte t(e Constit"tion E=D: T(e oners(i% o' ln$s recli*e$ 'ro* 'ores(ore n$ s")*er!e$ res is roote$ in t(e /e!lin $octrine (ic( (ol$s t(t t(e Stte ons ll ln$s n$ ters o' t(e %")lic $o*in T(e 17 Constit"tion reco!ni#es t(e /e!lin $octrine It $eclres t(t ll nt"rl reso"rces re one$ ), t(e Stte n$ e+ce%t 'or lien)le !ric"lt"rl ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in nt"rl reso"rces cnnot )e liente$ T(e A*en$e$ JA co.ers recl*tion recl*tion re o' 50 (ectres (ectres @nl, 154 (ectres (ectres o' t(e 50 (ectre recl*tion %roect (.e )een recli*e$ n$ t(e rest o' t(e re re still s")*er!e$ res 'or*in! %rt o' nil B, B, F"rt(er it is %ro.i$e$ t(t AA/I ill rei*)"rse t(e ct"l costs in recli*in! t(e res o' ln$ n$ it ill s(o"l$er t(e ot(er recl*tion costs to )e inc"rre$ T(e 'ores(ore n$ s")*er!e$ res o' nil B, re %rt o' t(e ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in ters n$ ot(er nt"rl n t"rl reso"rces n$ conse"entl, one$ ), t(e Stte Stte As s"c( 'ores(or 'ores(ore e n$ s")*er!e s")*er!e$ $ res res s(ll not not )e lien)l lien)le e "nless t(e, re clssi&e$ clssi&e$ s !ric"lt"rl !ric"lt"rl ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in T(e *ere *ere recl*ti rec l*tion on o' t(ese t(ese res res ), ), t(e PEA PEA $oesnt $oesnt con.ert con.ert t(ese t(ese inlien)le inlien)le nt"rl nt"rl reso"rces o' t(e Stte into lien)le n$ $is%os)le ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in T(ere *"st )e l or %resi$entil %rocl*tion ocill, clssi',in! t(ese recli*e$ ln$s s lien)le n$ $is%os)le i' t(e l (s ( s reser.e$ t(e* 'or so*e %")lic or "si-%")lic "si-%")li c "se
22
h Cho vs Director of (,s 7& 8/31/1)46 Cstillo! .celle
hil#
8)0
Fcts: @( C(o is citi#en o' t(e /e%")lic o' C(in (o %"rc(se$ resi$entil %rcel o' ln$ in >"in,n!n T,)s in 173 T(e s")ect ln$ (s )een in t(e contin"o"s %")lic n$ $.erse %ossession o' t(e %re$ecessors in interest since 10 In J"ne 1740 @( C(o %%lie$ 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e s")ect ln$ (ic( s o%%ose$ ), t( t(e e Direc Directo torr o' = =n$s n$s 'o 'ollo lloi in! n! t(e t(e Const Constit" it"tio tion nll %ro( %ro(i)i i)iti tion on !i !inst nst lie liens ns c"i c"irin rin! ! %ri. %ri.te te or %")li %")lic c !ric !ric"lt "lt"r "rll ln$s ln$s T(e T(e CFI CFI (oe (oe.e .err o.er o.err"l r"le$ e$ t(e t(e o%%osition n$ $ecree$ t(e re!istrtion %%lie$ 'or ence t(e %resent %%el ), t(e Director o' =n$s T(e Director o' =n$s *intine$ its o%%osition on t(e !ro"n$ o' lck o' title to t(e lot n$ o' $is"li&ction s lien 'ro* c"irin! ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in @( C(o 'ile$ to s(o t(t (e (s title to t(e lot t(t *, )e con&r*e$ "n$er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act e lso 'ile$ to s(o t(t (e n$ , o' (is %re$ecessors in interest ($ c"ire$ t(e lot 'ro* t(e >o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ), !rnt Iss"e: ;(et(e ;(et (err @( C(o C(o is entit entitle$ le$ to $ecre $ecree e o' re re!is !istr trt tio ion n (e s s %%l, %%l,in! in! 'or 'or consi$erin! t(t (e 'ile$ to s(o title to t(e lot n$ t(t (e is n lien $is"li&e$ 'ro* c"irin! ln$s o' %")lic $o*in el$?/tio: @ @( C(o @ C(o is not not enti entitl tle$ e$ to $ecr $ecree ee o' re!is e!istr trt tio ion n )ec )ec"s "se e t( t(e e erl erlie iest st %ossession o' t(e s")ect ln$ ), @( C(os &rst %re$ecessor in interest )e!n in 10 n$ )ec"se (is i**e$ite %re$ecessors 'ile$ to %%l, 'or re!istrtion All ln$s t(t ere not c"ire$ 'ro* t(e >o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ), !rnt )elon! to t(e %")lic $o*in "nless t(e ln$ (s )een in t(e %ossession o' n occ"%nt n$ %re$ecessors in interest since ti*e i**e*oril since s"c( %ossession o"l$ "sti', t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e ln$ ($ ne.er )een %ri.te %ro%ert, e.en )e'ore t(e S%nis( con"est As s"c( t(e %%licnt $oes not "li', "n$er t(e e+ce%tion @( C(o is neit(er entitle$ to $ecree o' re!istrtion "n$er t(e %ro.isions o' t(e P")lic P" )lic =n$ Act Act since since (e is n lien lien $is"l $is"li&e i&e$ $ 'ro* 'ro* c"irin c"irin! ! ln$s ln$s o' %")lic %")lic $o*in Ar!")l, @( C(os i**e$ite %re$ecessors in interest co"l$ (.e )een entitle$ to $ecree o' re!istrtion ($ t(e, %%lie$ 'or re!istrtionK conse"entl, t(e ri!(t o' t(e i**e$ite %re$ecessors in interest to $ecree o' re!istrtion *"st )e $ee*e$ to lso (.e )een c"ire$ oe.er @( C(os i**e$ite %re$ecessors 'ile$ to %%l, % %l, 'or 'or re re!is !istr trt tio ion n As s"c( s"c( t(e, t(e, $i$ not not (.e (.e n, n, .est .este$ e$ ri!(t ri!(t in t(e t(e lot *o"ntin! to title (ic( s trns*issi)le to t(e %%licnt J"$!*ent s re.erse$ n$ t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion s $is*isse$
23
Diz vs Re%u'lic
181&02 2/2/2010 Cstillo! .celle
Fcts: Flor >rci &le$ n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' .st trct o' ln$ in ="r "e. Eci n$ Pl,n Cit, in 176 lle!in! t(t s(e %ossesse$ t(e ln$ s oner n$ orke$ $e.elo%e$ n$ (r.este$ t(e !ric"lt"rl %ro$"cts n$ )ene&ts 'ro* t(e ln$ contin"o"sl, %")licl, n$ $.ersel, 'or *ore or less 26 ,ers T(e /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines o%%ose$ s"c( %%liction )ec"se t(e s")ect ln$ s inlien)le s %rt %rt o' %")lic %")lic $o*in $o*in 'or )ein! )ein! it(in it(in Fort Fort !s, !s,s, s, ilit ilitr, r, /eser. eser.tio tion n est)lis(e$ in 1755 In n erlier cse 8/e,es cse9 in.ol.in! t(e s*e ln$ t(e S"%re*e Co"rt lre$, r"le r"le$ $ t(t t(t s"c( s"c( %r %ro% o%er ert, t, s s in inl lie ien n)l )le e s it 'or* 'or*e$ e$ %rt %rt o' t( t(e e *ili *ilit tr, r, reser.tion Also t(e e+istence o' t(e %ossessor, in'or*tion title to (ic( t(e %%li % %lic cnt nt in t( t(e e /e,es e,es c cse se nc( nc(or ore$ e$ its its cl cli i* * s s not not %ro. %ro.en en In s si$ i$ cse cse t(ere'ore t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion iss"e$ s $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$ Des%ite t(e /e,es cse t(e CFI r"le$ in '.or o' >rci in t(e %resent cse T(e /e%")lic %%ele$ t(e $ecision to t(e CA (o re.erse$ t(e CFI $ecision r"lin! t(t t(e /e,es cse s(ll %%l, in >rcis cse since )ot( cses in.ol.e t(e s*e %ro%ert, T(e CA concl"$e$ t(t >rci $i$ not .li$l, c"ire title to t(e ln$ since (er oners oners(i% (i% to t(e ln$ ln$ trces trces to t(e s*e s*e %osses %ossessor sor, , in'or in'or*t *tion ion title title t(e %ro)ti.e %ro) ti.e .l"e o' (ic( s lre$, %sse$ "%on ), t(e SC n$ )ec"se )ec"se t(e ln$ s sit"te$ insi$e *ilitr, reser.tion en(ile t(e CA %%ro.e$ co*%ro*ise !ree*ent )eteen t(e /e%")lic n$ %etitioner Di# (o s")stit"te$ %%licnt >rci e+cl"$in! 'ro* t(e cli* %ortion o' t(e ln$ s"%%ose$l, not it(in t(e *ilitr, reser.tion T(e @S> (oe.er *o.e$ 'or 'or re reco cons nsi$e i$er rtio tion n in'o in'or* r*in! in! t(e t(e CA t(t t(t t(e t(e ln$ ln$ s" s")e )ect ct o' t(e t(e *ic *ic) )le le settle*ent s still it(in t(e *ilitr, reser.tion T(e CA nn"lle$ t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent T(e SC $enie$ t(e %etition 'or re.ie &le$ ), Di# s ell s t(e &rst to / &le$ ence t(e %resent letter o' %etitioner $ee*e$ ), t(e SC s t(ir$ / Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ s")ect o' t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent )eteen Di# n$ /e%")lic s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ consi$erin! t(t in %re.io"s cse in.ol.in! t(e s*e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, t(e S"%re*e S"%re*e Co"rt r"le$ t(t t(e s")ect ln$ is inlien)le 'or )ein! %rt o' *ilitr, reser.tion n$ t(e e+istence o' t(e %ossessor, in'or*tion title to (ic( %%licnt >rcis cli* o' title cn lso )e trce$ s not %ro.en el$?/tio: @ t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion co"l$ not )e !rnte$ since t(e SC @r$er in /e,es cse $is*issin! t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion n$ $eclrin! t(e ln$ s %rt o' %")lic %")l ic $o*in $o*in )rs )rs t(e cli* cli* o' %%lic %%licnt nt >rci >rci n$ %resen %resentt %etitio %etitioner ner Di# Di# Petitioners conten$e$ %ri.te ri!(ts o.er t(e ln$ co"l$ not )e res%ecte$ )ec"se t(e SCs ($est)lis(e$ lre$, reco!ni#e$ t(e s*e ln$ to )e %")lic 'orest e.en )e'ore t(e F/
In re!istrtion cses &le$ "n$er t(e %ro.isions o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act 'or t(e "$icil con& co n&rr*ti *tion on o' n in inco co*% *%le lete te n$ n$ i*%e i*%er' r'ec ectt titl title e n or$e or$err $is* $is*is issi sin! n! n %%liction 'or re!istrtion n$ $eclrin! t(e ln$ s %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in constit"tes const it"tes res "$ict not onl, !inst t(e $.erse cli*nt )"t lso !inst ll %ersons It s inc"*)ent "%on t(e loer co"rt to res%ect t(e SC r"lin! in /e,es cse Be'ore *ilitr, reser.tion s est)lis(e$ e.i$ence t(t t(e ln$ is t(e lr!el, 'oreste$ n$ *o"ntino"s It s r"le$ ins(oe$ /e,es cse t(ts")ect 'orest ln$s re not re!istr)le "n$er t(e P")lic =n$ Act T(e incl"sion o' 'orest ln$ in tit title le (et(e (et(err iss"e$ iss"e$ "sin! "sin! S%nis( S%nis( so.er so.erei!n ei!nt, t, or "n$er "n$er t(e %resen %resentt Torrens orrens s,ste* s,ste * o' re!istrtion re!istrtion n"lli&es t(e title Forest Forest ln$s *, onl, )e re!istere re!istere$ $ (en t(e, (.e )een reclssi&e$ s lien)le ), t(e Presi$ent in cler n$ cte!oricl *nner 8"%on t(e reco**en$tion o' t(e %ro%er $e%rt*ent (e$ (o (s t(e "t(orit, to clssi', t(e ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in into lien)le or $is%os)le ti*)er n$ *inerl ln$s9 co"%le$ it( %ossession ), t(e cli*nt s ell s t(t o' (er %re$ec %re$ecess essorsi orsinint ninter erest est Since Since %etitio %etitioner ner $i$ not %ro$" %ro$"ce ce s"c( s"c( e.i$enc e.i$ence e (er occ"%tion t(ereo' n$ t(t o' (er %re$ecessorsin interest co"l$ not (.e ri%ene$ into oners(i% o' t(e s")ect ln$ )ec"se %rior to t(e con.ersion o' 'orest ln$ s l lie ien n)le )le ln$ ln$ n, n, occ" occ"% %tio tion n or %oss %osses essio sion n t(er t(ereo eo'' cnn cnnot ot )e co"nt co"nte$ e$ in reckonin! co*%lince it( t(e t(irt,,er %ossession re"ire*ent "n$er t(e P")lic =n$ Act oreo.er t(e 'ct t(t t(e %ossessor, in'or*tion title on (ic( Di# )ses t(eir cli* o' oners(i% s 'o"n$ to )e ine+istent in /e,es cse t("s ren$erin! its %ro) %ro)t ti.e i.e .l"e .l"e "es "estio tion n)le )le '" '"rt rt(e (err orks orks !in !inst st !rnt !rntin! in! t(e t(e $ecre $ecree e o' re!istrtion %%lie$ 'or 'or
24
Cri,o vs <,sulr ?over,-e,t Cstillo! .celle
212 @S 44)
Fcts: teo Crino %%lie$ 'or re!istrtion o' certin ln$ Initill, it s !rnte$ ), t(e co"rt )"t t(e >o.ern*ent o' t(e P(ili%%ines n$ t(e !o.ern*ent o' t(e Unite$ Sttes %%ele$ to t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Ben!"et )ec"se t(e, ere tkin! t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, 'or %")lic n$ *ilitr, %"r%oses T(e CFI $is*isse$ $is*isse$ t(e %%liction %%liction 'or re!istrtion @n %%el t(e CFI $ecision s r*e$ ), t(e P(ili%%ine S"%re*e Co"rt T(e cse s )ro"!(t to t(e US S"%re*e Co"rt .i rit o' error error Crino is n I!orot n$ %ossesse$ t(e s")ect ln$ 'or *ore t(n 30 ,ers )e'ore t(e Tret, o' Pris e n$ (is ncestors ($ (el$ t(e ln$ 'or ,ers T(e locl co**"nit, reco!ni#es t(e* s t(e oners o' t(e si$ ln$ is !rn$'t(er li.e$ "%on it n$ *intine$ 'ences ro"n$ t(e %ro%ert, is 't(er rise$ cttle on t(e %ro%ert, n$ (e ($ in(erite$ t(e ln$ ccor$in! to I!orot c"sto* oe.er no title s iss"e$ to t(e* 'ro* t(e S%nis( Cron e trie$ tice to (.e it re!istere$ $"rin! t(e S%nis( occ"%tion )"t s not s"ccess'"l In 1701 (e &le$ %etition lle!in! oners(i% o' t(e ln$ )"t (e s onl, !rnte$ %ossessor, title
/ele.nt =s: W
P(ili%%ine Co**issions Act o 476
W P(ili%%ine Co**issions Act o 726 8An Act Prescri)in! /"les n$ /e!"ltions >o.ernin! t(e o*este$in! Sellin! n$ =esin! o' Portions o' t(e P")lic Do*in o' t(e P(ili%%ine Isln$s9 O t(is l $elt it( c"isition o' ne titles n$ %er'ectin! o' titles )e!"n "n$er t(e S%nis( l Ben!"et s one o' t(e e+cl"$e$ %ro.inces "n$er t(is Act Crinos contention: (e co"l$ re!ister t(e ln$ "n$er P(ili%%ine Co**issions Act no 476 (ic( co.ere$ t(e entire P(ili%%ine rc(i%el!o >o.ern*ents contention: S%in ($ title to ll t(e ln$s in t(e P(ili%%ines e+ce%t t(ose it s &t to %er*it %ri.te titles to )e c"ire$ T(ere s $ecree iss"e$ ), S%in S% in t(t t(t re re"ir "ire$ e$ re re!ist !istrt rtion ion it(in it(in li*ite$ li*ite$ ti*e ti*e )"t Crino Crinos s ln$ ln$ snt snt re!istere$ (ence s"c( ln$ )ec*e %")lic ln$ Iss"e: Pri*r,: ;(et(er Crino co"l$ re!ister title to t(e ln$ l)eit Ben!"et s e+cl"$e$ 'ro* P(il Co* Act o 726 Bse$ on t(e iss"e: ;(et(er Crino ons t(e ln$ el$?/tio: ES Crino co"l$ re!ister t(e ln$ i' oners(i% co"l$ )e *intine$ G= n$ "stice re"ire t(t t(e %%licnt s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ (t (e seeks n$ s(o"l$ not )e $e%ri.e$ o' (t ), t(e %rctice n$ )elie' o' t(ose *on! (o* (e li.e$ s (is %ro%ert, t(ro"!( t(ro"!( re&ne$ re&ne$ inter%rettio inter%rettion n o' n l*ost l*ost 'or!otten 'or!otten l o' S%inH ;(te.er t(e %osition o' S%in s on t(e iss"e it $oes not 'ollo t(t t(e US o"l$ .ie Crino to (.e lost ll (is ri!(ts to t(e ln$ O t(is o"l$ *o"nt to $enil $en il o' nti.e nti.e tit titles les t(ro"! t(ro"!(o"t (o"t Ben!"e Ben!"ett "st )ec"se )ec"se S%in S%in o"l$ o"l$ not (.e (.e !rnte$ to n,one in t(e %ro.ince t(e re!istrtion o' t(eir ln$s T(e @r!nic Act o' J"l, 1 1702 %ro.i$es t(t ll t(e %ro%ert, n$ ri!(ts c"ire$ t(ere ), t(e US o"l$ )e 'or t(e )ene&t o' t(e in()itnts t(ereo' T(is s*e stt"te *$e )ill o' ri!(ts e*)o$,in! t(e s'e!"r$s o' t(e Constit"tion n$ it %ro.i$es t(t GXno l s(ll )e encte$ in si$ isln$s (ic( s(ll $e%ri.e n, %erson o' li'e li)ert, or %ro%ert, it(o"t $"e %rocess o' l or $en, to n, %erson t(erein t(e e"l %rotection o' t(e lsH It o"l$ )e (r$ to )elie.e t(t Gn, %ersonHH $i$nt incl"$e t(e in()itnts %erson in()itnts o' Ben!"et Ben!"et nor it *ent G%ro%ert,H G%ro%ert,H to re'er re'er onl, to t(ose ln$s (ic( ($ )eco*e s"c( "n$er cere*on, 8o' re!istrtion9 *n, o' t(e %eo%le o' t(e ln$ *, (.e not e.en (er$ o' Alt(o"!( in Sec 14 o' t(e @r!nic Act it is si$ t(t t(e P(ili%%ine Co**ission *, %rescri)e r"les n$ re!"ltions 'or %er'ectin! titles to %")lic ln$s it s(o"l$ )e note$ t(t t(is section re'ers to t(ose cses (ere t(e ln$ s $*itte$ to )e
%")lic ln$ T(e US SC (esittes to s"%%ose t(t it s inten$e$ to $eclre e.er, nti.e (o ($ not %%er title tres%sser T(e "estion still re*ins: (t %ro%ert, n$ ri!(ts $i$ t(e US c"ire< In cses s"c( s t(e instnt cse t(e %res"*%tion o"l$ n$ s(o"l$ )e !inst t(e !o.ern*ent As 'r )ck s *e*or, !oes t(e ln$ (s )een (el$ ), in$i.i$"ls "n$er cli* o' %ri.te oners(i%K it s ne.er %")lic ln$ It o"l$ not )e %ro%er to "st $ictte it( t(e P(ili%%ine i' )it it rell, *en *e ntt let to t(e "se "secon"eror t( t(e e ri!(t ri!(ts stoc"i c "ire re$ $(o ), to t(e* t(e$el * G'or 'o r t(e t( e )ene& )e ne&tt o' tri)es t(e t(e in() in( itn nts ts t(ereo'H T(e nti.es ere reco!ni#e$ ), t(e S%nis( ls to on so*e ln$s irres%ecti.e o' n, ro,l !rnt T(e, $i$nt inten$ to t"rn ll t(e in()itnts into tres%ssers Princi%le o' %rescri%tion s $*itte$: t(t i' t(e, erent )le to %ro$"ce title $ee$s it is s"cient i' t(e, s(o ncient %ossession s .li$ title ), %rescri%tion Alt(o"!( t(ere s $ecree in J"ne 25 10 t(t re"ire$ e.er,one to !et $oc"*ent o' title or else lose (is ln$ it $oes not %%er t(t it *ent to %%l, to ll )"t onl, t(ose (o ron!'"ll, occ"%ie$ ro,l ln$s It $oesnt %%er t(t t(e ln$ o' Crino s consi$ere$ s /o,l ln$ nor s it consi$ere$ to (.e )een ron!'"ll, occ"%ie$ To rticles o' t(e s*e $ecree %ro.i$e$ t(t titles o"l$ )e ttri)"te$ to t(ose (o *, %ro.e %ossession 'or t(e necessr, ti*e T(ere ere in$ictions t(t re!istrtion s e+%ecte$ )"t it $i$nt *en t(t oners(i% ct"ll, !ine$ o"l$ )e lost T(e eLect o' t(e %roo' s not to con'er title to t(e* )"t to est)lis( it
2&
*guio Cit. vs s>e,g Cstillo! Rio Str
&78 SCRA 88 2/4/200)
Fcts: Cit, ,or o' B!"io rnon iss"e$ t(ree 3 or$ers 'or t(e $e*olition o' t(e ille!l ille !l str"ct str"ct"r "res es const constr"ct r"cte$ e$ on %ortio %ortion n o' t(e B"sol B"sol ;ters( ters(e$ e$ /eser. eser.tio tion n it(o"t t(e re"ire$ )"il$in! %er*its n$ in .ioltion o' Section 67 o' Presi$entil Decree o 05 s *en$e$ Presi$entil Decree o 1076 n$ /e%")lic Act o 27 Pri.te re%on$ents Pri.te re%on$ents >"*n!n et l &le$ %etition 'or in"nction it( %r,er 'or 'or t(e iss" iss"nc nce e o' te*% te*%or orr r, , re rest str rini inin! n! or$e or$err n$? n$?or or rit rit o' %rel %reli*i i*in nr, r, in"nction n$ cli*e$ t(t t(e ln$s (ere t(eir resi$entil (o"ses stn$ re t(eir nce n cest str rll ln$s ln$s (ic (ic( ( t(e, t(e, (.e (.e )een )een occ" occ"%, %,in! in! n$ n$ %oss %osses essin sin! ! o%en o%enl, l, n$ n$ co conti ntin"o n"o"s "sl, l, since since ti*e ti*e i**e i**e*o *ori rilK lK t(t t(t t(ei t(eirr one oners rs(i% (i% t(er t(ereo eo'' (.e (.e )een )een e+%ressl, reco!ni#e$ in Procl*tion o 15 T("s $e*olition o' t(eir resi$entil (o"ses is .ioltion o' t(eir ri!(t o' %ossession n$ oners(i% o' ncestrl ln$s ccor$e$ ), t(e Constit"tion n$ t(e l l CIP !rnte$ %ri.te res%on$ents %%liction n$ s r*e$ ), t(e CA Iss"es:
1 ;(et(er or not CIP (s "ris$iction or "t(orit, to iss"e te*%orr, restrinin! or$ers n$ rits o' in"nction 2
;(et ;(et(e (err or not not %ri. %ri.te te re res%o s%on$e n$ent nts s >"* >"*n! n!n n et l re re entit entitle le$ $ o' o' rel relie' ie'
/"lin!: 1
es es CIP CIP (s (s t(e t(e "t "t(o (orit rit, , to iss iss"e "e te* te*%o %or rr, r, res restr tri inin nin! ! or$er or$ers s n$ n$ rits rits o' o'
in"nction Un$er Sec 5 /"le III o' t(e CIP A$*inistrti.e Circ"lr o 1-03: T(e CIP t(ro"!( its /e!ionl erin! @ces s(ll e+ercise e+ercise "ris$iction o.er ll cli*s n$ $is%"tes in.ol.in! ri!(ts o' ICCs?IPs n$ ll cses %ertinin! to t(e i*%le*enttion en'orce*ent n$ inter%rettion o' /A 31 T(e lle!tions in t(e %etition %ro.e t(e nt"re o' t(e ction n$ t(e "ris$iction o' %rtic"lr tri)"nl s"rel, "li', it s $is%"te8s9 or contr contro.e o.ers, rs,8s9 8s9 o.er o.er ncest ncestrl rl ln$s? ln$s?$o* $o*ins ins o' ICC ICCs?I s?IPs Ps it(in it(in t(e ori!inl ori!inl n$ e+cl"si.e "ris$iction o' t(e CIP-/@ CIP-/@ Sec 67 o' IP/A Y Section 2 /"le o' CIP A$*inistrti.e Circ"lr o 1-03 s,s CIP *, iss"e te*%orr, restrinin! or$ers n$ rits o' in"nction it(o"t n, n , %ro( %ro(i)i i)iti tion on !i !inst nst t(e t(e iss" iss"nc nce e o' t(e t(e rit rit (en (en t(e t(e *in *in cti ction on is 'or 'or in"nction T(e %oer to iss"e te*%orr, restrinin! or$ers or rits o' in"nction llos %rties to $is%"te o.er (ic( t(e CIP (s "ris$iction to seek relie' !inst n, ction (ic( *, c"se t(e* !r.e or irre%r)le $*!e or in"r, In t(is cse t(e /e!ionl erin! @cer iss"e$ t(e in"ncti.e rit )ec"se its "ris$iction s clle$ "%on to %rotect n$ %reser.e t(e ri!(ts o' %ri.te res%on$ents (o re "n$o")te$l, *e*)ers o' ICCs?IPs 1 o %ri.te res%on$ents re not entitle$ to t(e relie' !rnte$ ), t(e Co**ission Procl*tion o 15 (oe.er $oes not %%er to )e $e&niti.e reco!nition o' %ri.te res%on$ents ncestrl ln$ cli* T(e %rocl*tion *erel, i$enti&es t(e o oli lint nts s n$ n$s cli*nts >"* >"*n! n!n no' '*i '%ortion *ili lies es o't( t(e e B"sol %r %re$ e$ec eces esso sors rs-i -inn-in inte terrest est )"t o' $oes %r %ri. i.t te e res%on$ents t(e Forest /eser.tion not cknole$!e .este$ ri!(ts o.er t(e s*e Procl*tion o 15 e+%licitl, it($rs t(e B"sol Forest /eser.tion 'ro* sle or settle*ent T(e 'ct re*ins too t(t t(e B"sol B"s ol Fore Forest st /eser. eser.tio tion n s $eclr $eclre$ e$ ), t(e Co"rt Co"rt s inlien inlien)le )le in eirs eirs o' >"*n!n . Co"rt o' A%%els T(e $eclrtion o' t(e B"sol Forest /eser.tion s s"c( %recl"$es its con.ersion into %ri.te %ro%ert, % ro%ert, T(e co"rts re not en$oe$ it( "ris$ictionl co*%etence to $"$icte 'orest ln$s T(e %etition is !rnte$
26 Fcts:
Cit. .or of r,;ue vs E'io 6/23/2010 Cstillo! R Riio Str
621
SCRA
&&&
/es%on$ents cli* t(t t(e, re t(e )sol"te oners o' %rcel o' ln$ (ic( (i c( s s n c ccr cret etio ion n o' C"tC"t-c" c"tt cree creek k ori!i ori!in nll, ll, occ" occ"%ie %ie$ $ ), t(eir t(eir !re !rett !rn$'t(er itle# T(e cit, !o.ern*ent lter $.ise$ ll t(e resi$ents to .cte t(e si$ re 'or t(e %ro%ose$ ro$ constr"ction (oe.er res%on$ents i**e$itel, re!istere$ t(eir o%%osition (ic( c"se$ t(e s"s%ension o' constr"ction =ter Cit, A$*inistrtor Al$i% sent letter to t(e res%on$ents or$erin! t(e* to .cte t(e re it(in t(e ne+t t(irt, 8309 $,s T(e res%on$ents t(en %%lie$ 'or rit o' %reli*inr, in"nction !inst Petitioners in t(e /TC /TC /TC $enie$ (ile t(e CA re.erse$ t(e $ecision n$ r"le$ in '.or o' t(e res%on$ents Iss"e: ;(et(err t(e c(rc ;(et(e c(rcter ter o' re res%o s%on$en n$ents ts %osses %ossessio sion n n$ occ"% occ"%tio tion n o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, entitles t(e* to .il o' t(e relie' o' %ro(i)itor, in"nction /"lin!: es es t(e c(rcter o' %ossession % ossession n$ oners(i% ), t(e res%on$ents o.er t(e conteste$ ln$ entitles t(e* to t(e .ils o' t(e ction A ri!(t in esse *ens cler n$ "n*istk)le ri!(t A %rt, seekin! to .il o' n in"ncti.e relie' *"st %ro.e t(t (e or s(e %ossesses ri!(t in esse or one t(t is ct"l or e+istin! It s(o"l$ not )e contin!ent )strct or '"t"re ri!(ts or one (ic( *, ne.er rise Fro* t(ese &n$in!s o' 'ct ), )ot( t(e tril co"rt n$ t(e Co"rt o' A%%els onl, one concl"sion cn )e *$e: t(t 'or *ore t(n t(irt, 8309 ,ers neit(er >"rntee$ o*es Inc nor t(e locl !o.ern*ent o' PrZ"e in its cor%orte or %ri.te %ri.t e c%cit, c%cit, so"!(t to re!ister re!ister t(e ccrete$ ccrete$ %ortion %ortion /es%on$ent /es%on$ents s re $ee*e$ to (.e (.e c"i c"ire re$ $ one oners rs(i% (i% o.er o.er t(e t(e s" s")e )ect ct %ro% %ro%er ert, t, t(ro t(ro"!( "!( %res %rescr cri%t i%tion ion /es%on$ents cn ssert s"c( ri!(t $es%ite t(e 'ct t(t t(e, (.e ,et to re!ister t( t(ei eirr ti title tle o.er t(e t(e si$ si$ lo lot t It *"st *"st )e re re*e *e*) *)er ere$ e$ t( t(tt t(e t(e %"r%o %"r%ose se o' ln$ ln$ re!istrtion is not t(e c"isition o' ln$s )"t onl, t(e re!istrtion o' title (ic( t(e %%licnt lre$, %ossesse$ o.er t(e ln$ /e!istrtion s ne.er inten$e$ s *ens o' c"irin! oners(i% A $ecree o' re!istrtion *erel, con&r*s )"t $oes not con'er oners(i% Con&r*tion o' n i*%er'ect title o.er %rcel o' ln$ *, )e $one eit(er t(ro"! t(r o"!( ( "$ici "$icill %rocee %rocee$in! $in!s s or t(ro"! t(ro"!( ( $*inis $*inistr trti.e ti.e %roces %rocess s /es%on$e es%on$ents nts %%liction 'or sles %tent (oe.er s(o"l$ not )e "se$ to %re"$ice or $ero!te (t *, )e $ee*e$ s t(eir .este$ ri!(t o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, T(e sles %tent %%liction s(o"l$ inste$ )e consi$ere$ s *ere s"%erR"it, %rtic"lrl, since oners(i% o.er t(e ln$ (ic( t(e, seek to )", 'ro* t(e Stte is lre$, .este$ "%on t(e* ), .irt"e o' c"isiti.e %rescri%tion oreo.er t(e Stte $oes not (.e n, "t(orit, to con.e, %ro%ert, t(ro"!( t(e iss"nce o' !rnt or %tent i' t(e ln$ is no lon!er %")lic ln$ e*o $t "o$ $t non ()et o one cn !i.e (tt (e $oes ( $oes not not (.e (.e S"c( S"c( %rinc %rinci%l i%le e is e" e"ll, ll, % %%li %lic c)le )le e.en e.en !i !ins nstt so.erei!n entit, t(t is t(e Stte
27 N* vs ?rci! et# l# 18283) 6/2/2014 Cstillo! Str
Rio
Fcts: Jose Sr is in$e)te$ to >rci s%o"ses To sec"re %,*ent (e iss"e$ s%ecil %oe %o err o' tto ttorn rne, e, in '.o '.orr o' t(e t(e >rc >rci i s%o"se s%o"ses s 'or 'or %"r%o %"r%ose ses s o' t(eir t(eir lon lon %%liction it( PB Jose Sr lso e+ec"te$ n A*en$*ent o' /el ort!!e in '.or o' PB T(e trnsctions ere it(o"t t(e knole$!e n$Estte consent o' Jose Srs c(il$ren >rci 'ile$ >rci 'ile$ to %, t(eir lon lon /es%on$ /es%on$ents ents t(en t(en &le$ &le$ )e'or )e'ore e t(e /T /TC Co*%lint 'or "llit, o' t(e A*en$*ent o' /el Estte ort!!e D*!es it( Preli*inr, In"nction !inst t(e s%o"ses >rci n$ PB cli*in! t(e, c"ire$ s")ect %ro%ert, $"rin! t(eir *rri!e n$ )ec*e oners it( (is c(il$ren "%on $et( o' (is i'e =i!, n$ t(t consent o' (is c(il$ren ere not o)tine$ /TC $is*isse$ t(e co*%lint CA r*e$ t(e /TC /TC $ecision Iss"es: 1
;(et ;(et(e (err or or no not t(e t(e s") s")ec ectt %r %ro%ert %ert, , is is co con n"! "!l l
2 ;(et ;(et(e (err t(e t(e re!i re!ist str rti tion on o' o' t(e t(e s") s")ec ectt %ro% %ro%er ert, t, in in t(e n* n*e e o' one one s%o s%o"s "se e $estro, t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e %ro%ert, is con"!l /"lin!: 1
Un$er Article 160 o' t(e Ci.il Co$e Gll %ro%ert, o' t(e *rri!e is %res"*e$ to )elon! to t(e con"!l %rtners(i% "nless it cn )e %ro.en t(t it %ertins e+cl"si.el, to t(e ("s)n$ or to t(e i'e PB 'ile$ to re)"t t(e lle!tion t(t t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s c"ire$ $"rin! t(e 'or*ers *rri!e to =i!, t(e le!l %res"*%tion o' t(e con"!l nt"re o' t(e %ro%ert, in line it( Article 160 o' t(e Ci.il Co$e 2 o o re!i re!ist str rti tio on o' %ro% %ro%er ert, t, lo lone ne in t(e t(e n*e n*e o' o' one one s%o s%o"se "se $oes $oes not not $estro, its con"!l nt"re ;(t is *teril is t(e ti*e (en t(e %ro%ert, s c"ire$ T(e re!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert, is not concl"si.e e.i$ence o' t(e e+cl"si.e oner o ners(i s(i% % o' t(e t(e ("s) ("s)n$ n$ or t(e i'e i'e Alt(o Alt(o"! "!( ( t(e t(e %ro% %ro%er ert, t, %%e %%er rs s to )e re!istere$ in t(e n*e o' t(e ("s)n$ it (s t(e in(erent c(rcter o' con"!l %ro%ert, %ro% ert, i' it s c"ire$ c"ire$ 'or .l")le .l")le consi$ertion consi$ertion $"rin! *rri!e *rri!e It retins retins its con"! con"!ll nt"r nt"re e To re)"t re)"t t(e %res"* %res"*%ti. %ti.e e con"! con"!ll nt"r nt"re e o' t(e %r %ro%e o%ert, rt, t(e %etit %e titio ione nerr *"st *"st %res %resent ent stro stron! n! cl cle err n$ n$ co con. n.inc incin in! ! e.i$e e.i$enc nce e o' e+c +cl"s l"si.e i.e oners(i% o' one o' t(e s%o"ses In t( t(e e %r %res esen entt c cse se t(e t(e %eti %etitio tione nerr )nk )nk 'ile 'ile$ $ to o.er o.erco co*e *e t(e le! le!ll %res"*%tion t(t t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, s con"!l
28
Di Dire rect ctor or of (,s ,s v vs sR Re. e.es es 68 S SCR CRA A1 17 77 11/ 1/28 28//1) 1)7& 7& Cstro! loricel
FACTS: A%%licnt Alins"n"rin cli*in! oners(i% in 'ee si*%le ), in(eritnce o' .st trct o' ln$ $*itte$l, insi$e t(e )o"n$r, o' *ilitr, reser.tion o' Fort !s,s, so"!(t re!istrtion o' title Act 476title Petitioners o%%ose$ t(e %%liction cli*in!t(e t(t t(e %%licnt s "n$er ?o s"cient not in %ossession in t(e conce%t o' n oner 'or tlest 30 ,ers %rece$in! t(e &lin! o' %%liction A%%licnt &le$ *otion 'or s")stit"tion o' %rties re"estion PID Cor%ortion )e consi$ere$ s %%licnt (.in! c"ire$ ll (is ri!(ts o.er t(e %ro%ert, T(e co"rt !rnte$ !rnte $ t(e *otion *otion n$ or$ere$ or$ere$ t(t t(e %rcel %rcel o' ln$ %%lie$ 'or )e re!ister re!istere$ e$ in '.or o' PID PID Cor%ortion 2?3 %ortion n$ t(e ot(er 1?3 in '.or o' certin T*,o T*,o Petitioners &le$ otice o' A%%el 'ro* t(e si$ $ecision to S"%re*e Co"rt PEn$in! A%%ro.l o' /ecor$ /ecor$ @n A%%el %%licnt PID Cor%ortion n$ T*,o &le$ *otion 'or iss"nce o' $ecree o' re!istrtion n$ $es%ite o%%osition o' t(e %etitionert =oer Co"rt !rnte$ t(e *otion n$ iss"e$ $ecree o' re!istrtion ISSUE: ;@ t(e iss"nce o' $ecree o' re!istrtion to PID Cor%ortion n$ T*,o is .li$ $es%ite t(e A%%el &le$ ), t(e Petitioner Petitioner E=D: o E+ec"tion %en$in! %%el is not %%lic)le in =n$ /e!istrtion %rocee$in! It is 'r"!(t it( $n!ero"s conse"ences Innocent %"rc(sers *, )e *isle$ into %"rc(sin! rel %ro%erties "%on relince on "$!e*ent ?c *, )e re.erse$ on %%el A torrens title iss"e$ on t(e )sis o' "$!e*ent t(t is not &nl is U==IT s it is .iolti.e o' t(e e+%licit %ro.isions o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act (ic( re"ires t(t $ecree s(ll )e iss"e$ onl, 'ter $ecision $"$ictin! t(e title )eco*es &nl n$ e+ec"tor,
2) *e,i, vs "uzo, loricel
&7 SCRA &31 6/28/1)74
Cstro!
FACTS: PlintiLs &le$ t(ree se%rte co*%lints lle!in! t(t t(e, ere t(e oners n$ %ossessors %osses sors o' t(ree t(ree %rcels o' !ric"lt"rl !ric"lt"rl ln$ n$ (ile eno,in! eno,in! t(e %ece'"l %ece'"l %ossession o' t(eir ln$s $e'en$nts ille!ll, entere$ n$ strte$ $estro,in! t(e $ellin!s n$ i*%ro.e*ents PlintiLs %r,e$ t(t t(e, )e $eclre$ oners s ell s to $eclre n"ll n$ .oi$ ll trns'ers certi&cte o' title iss"e$ ), /e!ister o' Dee$s )ec"se t(e, ere )se$ on
t(e @ri!inl Certi&cte o' title (ic( s lle!e$l, n"ll n$ .oi$ Accor$in! to t(e %etitio %et itioner ner (en (en t(e re re!ist !ister ere$ e$ oners oners *ention *entione$ e$ in @ri!in @ri!inll Certi& Certi&ct cte e o' title title %%lie$ 'or t(e re!istrtion t(e ori!inl %%liction s %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette )"t t(e, lle!e$ t(t t(e *en$*ent n$ ltertion *$e on t(e re )o"n$ries n$ tec(nicl $escri%tion o' t(e %rcel %rior to t(e $ecision s @T %")lis(e$ Des%ite t(e 'il"re o' si$ %")liction t(e $ecision ren$ere$ in =n$ /e!istrtion Cse s )se$ on t(e *en$e$ %ln o t(e %lint %lintiLs iLs re re "estio "estionin! nin! t(e "ris$i "ris$icti ction on o' =n$ =n$ /e!is /e!istr trtio tion n Co"rt Co"rt to ren$er t(e $ecision 'or lck o' %")liction ISSUE: ;@ =/C (s "ris$iction to iss"e t(e $ecree )se$ on t(e *en$e$ %ln $es%ite its 'il"re to )e %")lis(e$ E=D: =/C lcks "ris$iction to t(e re n$ %rcel $$e$ on t(e *en$e$ %ln Un$er Sec 23 o' Act 476 t(e re!istrtion co"rt *, llo or or$er n *en$*ent o' t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion (en it %%ers to t(e co"rt t(t t(e *en$*ent is necessr, n$ %ro%er %ro%er Un$er Sec 24 o' s*e ct t(e co"rt *, t n,ti*e or$er n %%liction to )e *en$e$ ), strikin! o"t one or *ore %rcels or ), se.ernce o' t(e %%liction T(e r"le is i' t(e *en$*ent is consist o' n incl"sion o' re or %rcel o' ln$ not %re.io"sl, incl"$e$ in t(e ori!inl %%liction 'or re!istrtion ne %")liction o' t(e *en$e$ %ln *"st )e *$e T(e %"r%ose o' t(e ne %")lic %") lict tion ion is to !i.e !i.e notic notice e to ll ll %ers %erson ons s co conc ncer erne$ ne$ re re! !r$ r$in! in! t(e t(e *en *en$e $e$ $ %%lic %% lictio tion n ;It(o" ;It(o"tt t(e ne %")lic %")lictio tion n t(e re!ist re!istrt rtion ion co"rt co"rt cnnot cnnot c"ir c"ire e "ris$iction o.er t(e re or %rcel o' ln$ l n$ t(t is $$e$ to t(e re co.ere$ ), t(e ori!inll %%liction ori!in %%liction n$ t(e $ecision $ecision o' t(e re!istrtion re!istrtion co"rt o"l$ )e n"llit, in so 'r s t(e $ecision concerns t(e nel, incl"$e$ ln$
30
S ri-e 9oli,gs vs .g &78 2/12/200)
31 e,oz vs CA loricel
84 SCRA 67
SCRA
7/14/1)78
&&2
Cstro!
FACTS: In 1764 it s %ro.en t(t %rcel o' ln$ is one$ ), en$o# en$o# %%lie$ 'or title D"rin! %en$enc, o' t(e %%liction )e'ore t(e ln$ re!istrtion co"rt en$o# sol$ t(e ln$ to Dniel Cr"# T(e contrct o' sle s $*itte$ in co"rt in lie" o' t(e %en$in! %%licti %%liction on 'or ln$ ln$ tit title le T(e re re!ist !istrt rtion ion co"rt co"rt ren$er ren$ere$ e$ $ecision in J"l, 1765 or$erin! t(e re!istrtion o' t(e to %rcels o' ln$ in t(e n*e o' Cr"# s")ect to t(e "s"'r"ct"r, ri!(ts o' en$o# T(e $ecision )ec*e &nl n$ e+ec"tor, e+ec"tor, In 176 (oe.er "%on 'il"re o' Cr"# to %, en$o# en$o# %etitione$ t(t t(e title iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' Cr"# )e
cncelle$ T(e ln$ re!istrtio cncelle$ re!istrtion n co"rt r"le$ in '.or '.or o' en$o# on t(e !ro"n$ !ro"n$ t(t t(e co"rt erre$ in its erlier $ecision in iss"in! t(e ln$ title to Cr"# O (o s not %rt, to t(e %%liction o' title initite$ ), en$o# Cr"# %%ele$ T(e Co"rt o' A%%els r"le$ in '.or o' Cr"# ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e title cn )e $elt it( in t(e n*e o' Gt(ir$ %rt,H E=D: es es First o' ll it s %ro.en t(t en$o# c"se$ t(e re!istrtion in t(e n*e o' Cr"# %"rs"nt to t(eir contrct o' sle Secon$ en$o# o.erlooks Section 27 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act (ic( e+%ressl, "t(ori#es t(e re!istrtion o' t(e ln$ s")ect *tter o' re!istrtion %rocee$in! in t(e n*e o' t(e )",er 8Cr"#9 or o' t(e %erson to (o* t(e ln$ (s )een con.e,e$ ), n instr"*ent e+ec"te$ $"rin! t(e inter int er. .ll o' ti ti*e *e )ete )eteen en t(e t(e &l &lin! in! o' t(e t(e %%li %%lic ctio tion n 'or 'or re re!is !istr trt tio ion n n$ n$ t(e t(e iss"nce o' t(e $ecree o' title A strn!er or t(ir$ %rt, *, )e $elt it( in t(e ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s T(e onl, re"ire*ents o' t(e l re: 819 t(t t(e instr"*ent )e %resente$ to t(e co"rt ), t(e intereste$ %rt, to!et(er it( *otion t(t t(e s*e )e consi$ere$ in reltion it( t(e %%lictionK n$ 829 t(t %rior notice )e !i.en t(es(o %rties to t(ese t(e cse An$ t(e %ec"lir 'cts n$ circ"*stnces o)tinin! in t(is to cse t(t re"ire*ents (.e )een co*%lie$ it( in t(is cse
32
Director of (,s vs CA 276 SCRA 7/28/1))7 Chu! Christi, E-u,
276
Fcts: Pri.te res%on$ent &le$ %etition 'or ori!inl re!istrtion o' (is title "n$er PD o 1527 T(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt $is*isse$ t(e %etition 'or non-co*%lince it( t(e *n$tor, %")liction o' notice o' initil (erin! in nes%%er o' !enerl cir circ"l c"lti tion on T(e T(e Co"r Co"rtt o' A%%e A%%el ls s re.er e.erse se$ $ t( t(e e r" r"li lin! n! T(e T(e CA (el$ (el$ t( t(t t t( t(e e %")liction in t(e @cil >#ette %ersonl notice ), *ilin! n$ %ostin! t t(e site ere s"cient to co*%l, it( t(e re"ire*ents "n$er PD o 1527 Iss"e: ;(et(e ;(et (err t( t(e e %")li %")lic cti tion on in !ene !ener rll ci circ rc"l "lti tion on o' t(e notic notice e o' (erin (erin! ! is *n$tor, re"ire*ent 'or ln$ re!istrtion el$: es es Alt(o"!( t(e l onl, re"ires notice ), %")liction in t(e @cil >#ette %")liction in nes%%er o' !enerl circ"ltion is still re"ire$ T(e reson is $"e %rocess n$ t(e relit, t(t t(e @cil >#ette is not i$el, re$ n$ circ"lte$ s nes%%er n$ is o'tenti*es $el,e$
33
Avie,to vs Alvrez &62 SCRA 434 Chu! Christi, E-u,
8/20/2008
Fcts: A$.iento lle!e$l, c"ire$ t(e %ro%ert, !inst t(e interest o' Al.re# e trce$ (is ti title tle to %erso %erson n (o (o )o"!( )o"!(tt t(e %ro% %ro%er ert, t, 'ro* 'ro* >, >, Al.r Al.re# e# lle lle!e$ !e$l, l, const constr"cte$ r"cte$ )"il$in! t(e CA s")ect s")ec t %ro%ert, A$.ie nto A*on! &le$ cse $*!es $*!e !inst Al.re# T(e /TC /Tin C n$ r"le$ in '.or o'A$.iento Al.re# ot(er'or '"lts o' t(es A$.iento A$.iento 'ile$ to !i.e notice to t(e res%on$ents 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert, Iss"e: ;(et(er %")liction o' t(e notice is eno"!( to in'or* t(e res%on$ents )o"t t(e re!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert, el$: o T(e %%lic)le l 'or t(e cse s Act o 476 Un$er Act o 476 %%licnts (o nts to re!ister n i*%er'ect title *"st %ro.i$e notice to t(e conti!"o"s oners occ"%nts n$ t(ose knon to (.e interests in t(e %ro%ert, *on! ot(er re re"ir "ire*e e*ents nts In t(is t(is cse cse t(e re res%o s%on$en n$ents ts (.e (.e inter interest ests s in t(e %ro%e %ro%ert, rt, n$ A$.iento $*itte$ t(t notice s not %ro.i$e$ to t(e res%on$ents ence notice o' %")liction s not eno"!( to '"l&ll t(e re"ire*ents o' ln$ re!istrtion
34 ?rci vs *ello E-u,
13 SCRA 76)
Chu!
Christi,
Fcts: A rit o' %ossession o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s iss"e$ in '.or o' >"#*n >rci 8Ben*in Antli F)in n$ icente9 &le$ 'or n ction o' %ro(i)ition to restrin t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce 'ro* en'orcin! t(e rit o' e+ec"tion >rci r!"e r!"e$ $ t( t(t t t( t(e e $eci $ecisi sion on on t(e t(e rit rit o' %oss %osses essio sion n is not not )in$i )in$in! n! "%on "%on t(e* t(e* )ec"se t(e, ere not %rties in t(e $ecision Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e $ecision is not )in$in! to t(e res%on$ents )ec"se t(e, ere not %rties in t(e cse el$: o A ln$ re!istrtion cse is %rocee$in! in re* T(e $ecision ren$ere$ is )in$in! "%on t(e (ole orl$
so"!(t t(e re!istrtion in (is n*e 15722 s* o' ln$ Petitioner De Cstro t(en *o.e$ to inter.ene er interest is in t(e 1000 s* lle!e$l, incl"$e$ in t(e 15722 s* o' ln$ s%eci&e$ in t(e res%on$ents %etition Accor$in! to t(e %etitioner t(e ln$ s r$e$ in (er '.or since s(e s t(e (i!(est )i$$er in %")lic "ction Petitioner '"ll, %i$ t(e %"rc(se %rice it( interests n$ s(e lso cli*e$ t(t s(e ($ )een %,in! t+es on t(e lot Petitioners *otion 'or inter.ention s !rnte$ Petit Pe tition ioner er %r %rese esente$ nte$ $oc"*e $oc"*ent ntr, r, n$ testi* testi*oni onill e.i$enc e.i$ence e in s"%%ort s"%%ort o' (er o%%osition to t(e incl"sion o' si$ 1000 s* o' ln$ /es%on$ent "$!e r"le$ o"t %etitio %et itioner ners s inter.e inter.enti ntion on n$ $is*isse $is*isse$ $ (er o%%osi o%%ositio tion n to t(e re reo%e o%enin! nin! o' t(e c$strl %rocee$in!s Petitioner &le$ to otions 'or /econsi$ertion n$ )ot( *otions ere $enie$ ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e reo%enin! o' t(e c$strl cse is "ris$ictionll, tinte$ ), lck o' %")liction E=D: @ Sec @ Sec 1 o' /A /A o o 731 est)lis( est)lis(es es t(e %roce %roce$"r $"re e 'or re reo%e o%enin! nin! c$st c$strl rl %rocee$in!s S"c( %roce$"re $oes not incl"$e %")liction eit(er %")liction is *entione$ n,co*%etent o' t(e %ro.isions o'First t(e si$ l Sec o' t(e si$ l%etition *erel, sttes t(tinGt(e Co"rt o' Instnce "%on1recei.in! s"c( s(ll noti', t(e >o.ern*ent t(ro"!( t(e Solicitor >enerlH I' %ros%ecti.e inter.enor cli*s %iece o' ln$ ), n lle!e$ ri!(t t(t (s occ"rre occ" rre$ $ %rior to t(e instit"tion instit"tion o' t(e ori!inl ori!inl c$strl c$strl cse %rocee$in! %rocee$in! in re* (e is to )e $ee*e$ to (.e recei.e$ notice t(ro"!( %")liction t(erein *$e I' (is ri!(ts re $eri.e$ 'ro* !o.ern*ent 'ter t(e ln$ (s )een $eclre$ %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in ), t(e c$strl co"rt t(e notice to t(e !o.ern*ent o' reo%enin! %etition s %ro.i$e$ ), l s(o"l$ s"ce For t(e !o.ern*ent is s"%%ose$ to tke "% t(e c"$!els 'or %")lic ln$ !rntee or t t(e .er, lest noti', t(e ltter In s"* t(e s")ect *tter o' t(e %etition 'or reo%enin! O %rcel o' ln$ cli*e$ ), t(e res%on$ent O s lre$, e*)rce$ in t(e c$strl %rocee$in!s &le$ ), t(e Director o' ln$s Conse"entl, t(e B!"io c$strl lre$, c"ire$ "ris$iction o.er t(e si$ %ro%ert, T(e %etition nee$ not )e %")lis(e$ t(e "t(orit, o' t(e c$strl co"rt o.er t(e reo%enin! %rocee$in!s )elo is not i*%ire$ ), 'il"re o' %")liction
36 =lis,o vs l, uee,ie
143 SCRA &02
De
=er!
FACTS: Pet etit itio ione ners rs %"r %"rc(se (se$ $ 2 %r %rcel els s o' ln$ ln$ 'ro 'ro* t(e t(e '*il *il, , o' Blnc lnco os n$ s")se" s")s e"ent entl, l, $eclr $eclre$ e$ oners oners(i% (i% o.er o.er t(e ln$ 'or t+ti t+tion on %"r%ose %"r%oses s n$ took took %ossession t(ereo' ), ssi!nin! cretker o.er t(e %ro%ert, (o )"ilt (is (o"se t(ereon /es%on$ent C,) cli*s to )e t(e oner o' t(e %ro%ert, ), .irt"e o' $ee$ $ee $ o' sle e+ec" e+ec"te$ te$ in (is n$ Bien.e Bien.eni$o ni$o orie! orie!s s '.or '.or 'ro* 'ro* t(e (eirs o'
erno n$ o"ste$ o"ste$ t(e cretker cretker 'ro* 'ro* t(e %ro%ert, n$ const constr"cte$ r"cte$ n %rt*ent %rt*ent t(ereon Petitioners &le$ n ction 'or reco.er, o' %ossession o' t(e ln$ T(e co"rt $eci$e$ in '.or o' t(e %etitioner )"t on %%el t(e CA re.erse$ t(e $ecision n$ $is*isse$ t(e co*%lint o' t(e %etitioner on !ro"n$s t(t t(e $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, in t(e co*%lint is $iLerent 'ro* t(e s")$i.ision %ln %ro.i$e$ ), t(e res%on$ents res% on$ents it( t(eir res res%ecti.e %ecti.e re n$ )o"n$ries )o"n$ries %%erin! to )e co*%letel, co*%letel, $iLerent T(e co"rt $i$ not &n$ n, co*%lince to t(e re"ire*ent o' t(e l t(t t(e %ro%ert, in $is%"te *"st )e clerl, i$enti&e$ Un$er t(e Ci.il Co$e Articles 433 n$ 541 t(e ct"l %ossessor o' t(e %ro%ert, % ro%ert, (s t(e %res"*%tion o' "st title n$ (e nee$ not )e co*%elle$ to s(o or %ro.e (, (e %ossesses t(e s*e It s cler t(t t(e res%on$ent is t(e c"rrent %ossessor o' t(e %ro%ert, (.in! constr"cte$ t(e %rt*ent on t(e %ro%ert, in $is%"te Contrstin! t(e e.i$ence o' t(e res%on$ent n$ %etitioner t(e co"rt c(oose t(e res%on$ents e.i$ence s t(e, ere )le to %ro.i$e .icinit, %ln t(t s(os t(e ln$ %osition in reltion to t(e $oinin! %ro%erties it( knon )o"n$ries n$ ln$*rks Petitioner *erel, %resente$ sketc( %re%re$ ), Dr Blnco constit"tin! s *ere !"ess orks S")se"entl, t(e res%on$ents &le$ %etition 'or re!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert, )e'ore t(e CFI (ic( s o%%ose$ ), t(e %etitioner /es%on$ent *o.e$ 'or t(e $is*issl o' t(e o%%osition t(t t(e s*e is )rre$ ), %rior "$!*ent o' t(e co"rt ISSUE: ;(et(er res "$ict cn )e set "% in ln$ re!istrtion cse E=D: ES /es "$ict "$i ct o%ertes in t(e cse t )r it( its re"isites %resent in t(e cse: V t(e 'or*er "$!*ent *"st )e &nl )V it *"st (.e )eenX ren$ere$ ), co"rt (.i ( .in! n! "ris "ris$ic $icti tion on o' t(e t(e s")ec s")ectt *tt *tter er n$ n$ o' t(e t(e %rt %rties ies cV cV it *"st *"st )e "$!*ent on t(e *erits n$ $V t(ere *"st )e )eteen t(e t( e &rst n$ secon$ ctions i$entit, o' %rties o' s")ect *tter n$ o' c"se o' ction T(e incl"sion o' %ri.te re res%o s%on$en n$entt C,) C,)Xs Xs co[oner co[oner Bien.e Bien.eni$o ni$o orie! orie! Sr Sr in t(e %%lic %%lictio tion n 'or re!istrtion $oes not res"lt in $iLerence in %rties )eteen t(e to cses @ne ri!(t o' co[oner is to $e'en$ in co"rt t(e interests o' t(e co[oners(i% Alt(o"!( t(e &rst ction s c%tione$ 'or t(e reco.er, o' %ossession %ossession is so"!(t )se$ on oners(i% t("s t(e ction s one in t(e nt"re o' ccion rein.i$ictori T(e secon$ ction is 'or re!istrtion o' title (ere t(e re!istrtion is so"!(t )se$ on ones oners(i% o.er t(e %ro%ert, T(e $iLerence )eteen t(e to is t(t t(e %lintiL seeks to e+cl"$e ot(er %ersons 'ro* oners(i% o.er t(e %ro%ert, in t(e &rst ction ctio n (ile it seeks to e+cl"$e e+cl"$e t(e (ole orl$ in t(e secon$ secon$ ction ction T(e c"se o' ction (oe.er re*ins t(e s*e T(e e*%lo,*ent o' to $iLerent ctions $oes not llo one to esc%e !inst t(e %rinci%le o' res "$ict (ere one n$ t(e s s*e *e c"se c"se o' cti ction on c cnno nnott )e liti! liti!te te$ $ tic tice e Alt(o Alt(o"!( "!( t(e t(e &r &rst st ctio ction n s s liti!te$ )e'ore co*%etent co"rt o' !enerl "ris$iction n$ t(e ot(er o.er re!istrtion co"rt is o' no si!ni&cnce since t(t )ot( co"rts s(o"l$ )e o' e"l "ris$iction is not re"isite 'or res "$ict to %%l, %%l, For con.enience t(e SC s(o"l$ $eci$e (et(er to $is*iss t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion or t(e o%%osition t(ere t(e reto to Bec"s Bec"se e t(e conRic conRictin! tin! cli*s cli*s o' )ot( )ot( %rtie %rties s (.e (.e )een )een settle$ settle$ n$
$eci$e$ ), t(e co"rt %re.io"sl, it "%(el$ t(e &nlit, o' its $ecision n$ $is*isse$ t(e %etition
37 Re%u'lic vs (ee uee,ie
1)7 SCRA 13 1))1
De
=er!
FACTS: /es%on$ent &le$ )e'ore t(e /TC re!istrtion o' %rcel o' ln$ in (er '.or (ic( s o%%ose$ ), t(e Dir Di r @' =n$s on !ro"n$s t(t res%on$ent or (er %re$ecessor[in[ interest c"ire$ t(e ln$ "n$er n, reco!ni#e$ *o$e 'or c"isition o' titleK t(e, (.e not )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e notorio"s %ossession o' t(e ln$ in t(e conce%t o' n oner 'or t lest 30 ,ers %rior to t(e &lin! o' %%liction n$ t(e ln$ in $is%"te is %")lic $o*in )elon!in! to /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines T(e co"rt ren$ere$ "$!*ent in '.or o' res%on$ents U%on %%el ), /P it r*e$ t(e loer co"rt $ecision t("s t(is %%el to t(e S"%re*e Co"rt /e%")li e%")lic c o' t( t(e e P(il P(il co conte nten$s n$s t(t t(t re res% s%on on$e $ent nt 'ile 'ile$ $ to %ro. %ro.e e ), conc concl"s l"si.e i.e e.i$ence t(t s(e (s oners(i% o' t(e ln$ ), 'ee si*%le title n$ (er testi*on, s to t(e oners(i% o' (er %re$ecessor[in[interest is sel' ser.in! 'ter cli*in! t(t s(e o)tine$ (er Dee$ o' Sle o' t(e %ro%ert, 'ro* t)n n$ Es%irit" (o o)tine$ t(eir title 'ro* t(e %re.io"s oners o' t(e ln$ Di# n$ inl"n Fro* t(e ti*e o' &lin! t(e %%liction o' re!istrtion t(e res%on$ent s in %ossession o' t(e ln$ 'or 13 ,ers )"t s(e so"!(t to tck (er %ossession on t(e si$ ln$ 'ro* (er %re$ecessor[in[interests (o ere in %ossession o' t(e ln$ 'or 20 ,ers Con$itions %ro. %ro.i$e i$e$ $ ), Sec Sec 4 8) 8)99 o' Co** Co**on one elt lt( ( Act Act o o 141 141 (er (ere e one one is "n$er "n$er )on&$e cli* o' c"isition o' oners(i% t(ro"!( t(eir %re$ecessor[in[interest or ), t(e*sel.es (.e )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e !ric"lt"rl ln$ in %")lic $o*in 'or 30 ,ers s(ll )e entitle$ to certi&cte o' title ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e res%on$ent is )le to %ro.i$e s"cient n$ s")stntil e.i$ence s co*%l,in! in $is%"te it( t(e re"ire*ent o' l 'or con&r*tion o' (er oners(i% o' t(e ln$ E=D: @ T(e *ost )sic r"le in ln$ re!istrtion cses is t(t Gno %erson is entitle$ to (.e ln$ re!istere$ "n$er t(e C$strl or Torrens s,ste* "nless (e is t(e oner in 'ee si*%le o' t(e s*e e.en t(o"!( t(ere is no o%%osition %resente$ !inst s"c( re!istrtion ), t(ir$ %ersons In or$er t(t t(e %etitioner 'or t(e re!istrtion o' (is ln$ s(ll )e %er*itte$ to (.e t(e s*e re!istere$ n$ to (.e t(e )ene&t res"ltin! 'ro* t(e certi&cte o' title t(e )"r$en is "%on (i* to s(o t(t (e is t(e rel n$ )sol"te oner in 'ee si*%le E"ll, )sic is t(e r"le t(t no %")lic ln$ cn )e c"ire$ ), %ri.te %ersons it(o"t n, !rnt e+%ress or i*%lie$ 'ro* !o.ern*ent A !rnt is concl"si.el, %res"*e$ ), l (en t(e cli*nt ), (i*sel' or t(ro"!( (is %re$ecessors[in[interest (s occ"%ie$ t(e ln$ o%enl, contin"o"sl, e+cl"si.el, n$ "n$er cli* o' title since 26 J"l, 174 or %rior t(ereto T(e
$octrine "%on (ic( t(ese r"les re )se$ is t(t ll ln$s ere not c"ire$ 'ro* !o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ), !rnt )elon! to t(e %")lic $o*in It is inc"*)ent "%on t(e %ri.te res%on$ent to %ro.e t(t t(e lle!e$ 20 ,er or *ore %ossession o' Di# n$ inl"n (ic( s"%%ose$l, 'or*e$ %rt o' t(e 30 ,er %erio %e rio$ $ %rio %riorr to t(e t(e &l &lin! in! o' t(e t(e %%l %%lic ict tio ion n s s o%en o%en cont contin" in"o" o"s s e+cl e+cl"s "si.e i.e notorio not orio"s "s n$ in conce% conce%tt o' oners oners T(is )"r$en )"r$en %ri.te %ri.te res%o res%on$en n$entt 'ile$ 'ile$ to $isc(r!e $isc( r!e to t(e stis'ction stis'ction o' t(e co"rt T(e )re ssertion ssertion t(t Di# n$ inl"n inl"n ($ )een in t(e %ossession %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, 'or *ore t(n 20 ,ers 'o"n$ in %ri.te res%on$ents $eclrtion is (r$l, t(e Gell[ni!( incontro.erti)leH e.i$ence re"ire$ in cses o' t(is nt"re Pri.te res%on$ent s(o"l$ (.e %resente$ s%eci&c 'cts t(t o"l$ (.e s(on t(e nt"re o' s"c( %ossession T(e %(rse G$.erse contin"o"s o%en %")lic n$ %ece'"l n$ in conce%t o' onerH ), (ic( s(e $escri)e$ (er on %ossession in reltion to t(t o' (er %re$ecessors[in[interest re *ere concl"sions o' l (ic( re"ire 'ct"l s"%%ort n$ s")stntition Pri.te res%on$ent (.in! 'ile$ to %ro.e ), con.incin! %ositi.e %roo' t(t s(e (s co*%lie$ it( t(e re"ire*ents o' t(e l 'or con&r*tion o' (er title to t(e ln$ %%l % %lie ie$ $ 'or 'or it s err error on t( t(e e %rt %rt o' t( t(e e loe loerr co"r co"rtt to (.e (.e !r !rn nte te$ $ (er (er %%liction
38 Re%u'lic vs S.o 1)1 SCRA 71 1))0 Sittee 5u,ir
Di-o!
D@CT/IE: Un$er t(e re!lin $octrine ll ln$s not ot(erise %%erin! to )e clerl, it(in %ri.te oners(i% re %res"*e$ to )elon! to t(e stte ence it is t(t ll %%licnts in ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s (.e t(e )"r$en o' o.erco*in! t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e ln$ t("s so"!(t to )e re!istere$ 'or*s %rt o' t(e %")lic $o* $o *in in T(e T(e %%l %%lic icn ntt *"st *"st %r %res esen entt co*% co*%et eten entt n$ n$ %ers %ers" "si si.e .e %r %roo oo'' to s")stntite (is cli*K (e *, not rel, on !enerl stte*ents or *ere concl"sion o' l ot(er t(n 'ct"l e.i$ence o' %ossession n$ title FACTS In co*%ro*iseo' !ree*ent )eteen $iLerento'%rties in n%ro.ince %%liction 'orre!istrtion lot 454 entere$ sit"te$into in t(e "nici%lit, Snti!o o' Is)el Is )el no trns' trns'er erre re$ $ to "e. "e. i#c i#c, , J"$!e J"$!e So'ro So'ronio nio > S,o S,o 8res%o 8res%on$en n$ent9 t9 %%r % %ro. o.e$ e$ n$ n$ con& con&r* r*e$ e$ s"c( s"c( n$ n$ t( t(e e titl title e n$ n$ one oners rs(i (i% % o' t( t(e e %rt %rtie ies s in ccor$nce it( its ter*s on rc( 5 171 T(e Solicitor >enerl (s tken t(e %resent reco"rse reco"rse in )i$ to (.e t(e $ecision on rc( 5 171 nn"lle$ s )ein! %tentl, .oi$ n$ ren$ere$ in e+cess o' "ris$iction or it( !r.e )"se o' $iscretion conten$in! t(t: 19
o e.i$e e.i$enc nce e s s $$"c $$"ce$ e$ ), ), t(e t(e %r %rti ties es to s"%%o s"%%ort rt t(eir t(eir re! re!ist istr rtio tion n
29 So*e So*e o' o' t(e t(e %rt %rtie ies s in t(e t(e co*% co*%ro ro*i *ise se !r !ree ee*e *ent nt (s (s no "t( "t(or orit it, , to ente enterr into t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent 39 T(e T(e co"n co"nse sell o' t(e t(e /e%" /e%")l )lic ic o' t(e t(e P(ili P(ili%% %%in ines es s s not not !i.en !i.en noti notic ce o' t(e !ree*ent to tke %rt t(erein nor t(e $ecision %%ro.in! t(e s*e
T(e res%on$ents r!"e$ t(t t(e %ro%osition o' t(e Solicitor >enerl re %re*ise$ on t( t(e e %ro% %ro%os ositi ition on t(t t(t t(e t(e lo lott is %")li %")lic c ln$ ln$Ac Acco cor$ r$in! in! to t(e* t(e* t(e t(e %ri. %ri.te te c(rcter o' t(e ln$ is $e*onstrte$ ), t(e 'olloin! circ"*stnces: 9 T(e %os %osse sess ssor or, , in'or in'or* *tio tion n title title o' o' t(e t(e %%li %%lic cnt nts s n$ n$ t(eir t(eir %re$ %re$ec eces esso sorsrs-in in-interest )9 T(e 'ct 'ct t( t(tt t(e t(e lot lot 45 454 4 s s ne.e ne.err cli* cli*e$ e$ to to )e %")li %")lic c ln$ ln$ ), ), t(e t(e Dire Direct ctor or o' =n$s in t(e %ro%er c$strl %rocee$in!s c9 T(e T(e %re %rer r cert certi& i&c cti tion on o' t(e t(e t tio ion nll =i)r =i)rr, r, % %%e %er rin in! ! in t(e B"r B"re e" " o' Arc(i.es t(t t(e %ro%ert, in "estion s re!istere$ "n$er t(e S%nis( s,ste* o' ln$ re!istrtion s %ri.te %ro%ert, one$ ), Don =i)erto B," %%licnts %re$ecessors-in-interest $9 T(e %ro %rocee$i $in n!s 'or re!i !is strtio ion n )ro"!(t !(t "n$er $er Act 476 8Torrent nts s Act9 %res"%%oses t(t t(ere is lre$, title to )e con&r*e$ ), te( co"rt $istin!"is(in! it 'ro* %rocee$in!s "n$er t(e P")lic =n$ Act (ere t(e %res"*%tion is l,s t(t t(e ln$ in.ol.e$ )elon!s to t(e Stte ISSUE ;(et(err or not t(e s")ect ln$ )elon!s to t(e res%on$ents ;(et(e res%on$ents s %rt o' t(eir %ri.te %ro%ert, E=D?/ATI@ o T(e res%on$ents 'ile$ in s(oin! ), cler n$ con.incin! e.i$ence t(t t(e %ro%ert, in.ol.e$ s c"ire$ ), (i* or (is ncestors eit(er ), co*%osition title 'r 'ro* o* t(e S%nis( S%nis( >o.ern >o.ern*en *entt or ), %osses %ossessor sor, , in'or in'or*t *tion ion title title or n, ot(er ot(er *en *e ns s 'or 'or t( t(e e %ro% %ro%er er c"i c"isit sitio ion n o' %")lic %")lic ln$s ln$s T(e %%li %%lic cnt nt *"st *"st %res %resen entt co*%et co*%etent ent n$ %ers"si.e %ers"si.e %roo' %roo' to s")stn s")stnti tite te (is cli*K cli*K (e *, not rel, rel, on !ener !en erll stte* stte*ent ents s or *ere *ere concl"s concl"sion ion o' l ot(er ot(er t(n t(n 'ct" 'ct"ll e.i$en e.i$ence ce o' %ossession n$ title ence t(e %ro%ert, *"st )e (el$ to )e %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in T( %rinci%l $oc"*ent relie$ "%on n$ %resente$ ), t(e %%licnt to %ro.e t(e %ri.te c(rcter o' t(e ln$ s %(otoco%, o' certi&ction o' t(e tionl =i)rr, to t(e eLect t(t t(e %ro%ert, in "estion s re!istere$ "n$er t(e S%nis( S,ste* o' ln$ re!istrtion s %ri.te %ro%ert, o' Don =i)erto B," B"t t(e co"rt r"le$ t(t S%nis( $oc"*ent cnnot )e consi$ere$ title to %ro%ert, it not )ein! )e in! one one o' t( t(e e !rnts !rnts *$e *$e $"rin! $"rin! t(e S%n S%nis( is( re re!i* !i*e e n$ n$ o).i o).io" o"sl, sl, not not constit"tin! %ri*r, e.i$ence o' oners(i% T(e r!"*ent t(t t(e initition o' n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' ln$ "n$er t(e T Torrens orrens Act is %roo' t(t t(e ln$ is o' %ri.te %ri .te oners(i% cnnot )e !i.en !i .en *erit It is %recisel, t(e c(rcter o' t(e ln$ s %ri.te (ic( t(e %%licnt (s t(e o)li!tion o' est)lis(in! In t(e )sence o' n, $.erse cli* to s(o %ro%er title 'or re re!is !istr trt tio ion n t( t(e e %%l %%lic icn ntt is not not ss" ss"re re$ $ o' '.o '.or r)le )le $ecr $ecree ee ), t(e t(e = =n$ n$ /e!istrtion Act 476
F"rt(er t(e $ecision o' t(e /e!istrtion Co"rt is )se$ solel, on t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent o' t(e %rtiesT(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent incl"$e$ %ri.te %ersons (o ($ not $$"ce$ n, co*%etent e.i$ence o' t(eir oners(i% o.er t(e ln$ s")ect o' t(e re!istrtion %rocee$in! ;(t s $one s to consi$er t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent s %roo' o' title o' t(e %rties tkin! %rt t(erein totll, "ncce%t)le %ro%osition As to t(e In'or*cion %osesori in.oke$ ), t(e res%on$ents it re"ires con$ition s"c( s"c ( s inscri%t inscri%tion ion in t(e /e!istr /e!istr, , o' Pro%e Pro%ert, rt, n$ ct"l ct"l %")lic %")lic $. $.erse erse n$ "ninterr"%te$ %ossession o' t(e ln$ 'or 20 ,ers to )e consi$ere$ *o$e to c"ire %")lic ln$s T(e %roo' o' '"l&ll*ent o' t(ese con$itions re )sent (ence cnnot )e consi$ere$ s n,t(in! *ore t(n %ri* 'cie e.i$ence o' %ossession Un$er t(e re!lin $octrine ll ln$s not ot(erise %%erin! to )e clerl, it(in %ri. %ri.te te oner oners(i s(i% % re re %res %res"* "*e$ e$ to )elo )elon! n! to t(e t(e st stt te e enc ence e it is t(t t(t ll ll %%lic %% licnts nts in ln$ re re!ist !istrt rtion ion %roce %rocee$in e$in!s !s (.e (.e t(e )"r$en )"r$en o' o.erc o.erco*i o*in! n! t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e ln$ t("s so"!(t to )e re!istere$ 'or*s %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in It t("s %%ers t(t t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent n$ t(e "$!*ent %%ro.in! it *"st )e s t(e, re (ere), $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ set si$e
3)
,g vs Re%u'lic &48 SCRA 160 Di-o! Sittee 5u,ir
3/12/2008
D@CT/IE?S: \
A%%l A%%lic icn nts ts 'o 'orr re! re!is istr trt tio ion n o' o' tit title le *"st *"st %r %ro. o.e e t(e t(e 'oll 'ollo oin in!: !:
19 T(t T(t t( t(e e s") s")ec ectt lln n$ $ 'or 'or*s *s %rt %rt o' t(e t(e $is% $is%os os) )le le n$ n$ lie lien n)le )le ln ln$s $s o' t(e t(e %")lic $o*in 29 T(t (t t(e, (.e )een in n o%en contin"o in"o"s "s e+cl"s l"si.e n$ no nottorio" io"s %ossession %osses sion n$ occ"%tion occ"%tion o' t(e s*e "n$er )on &$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 \ T(e l l re" re"ir ires es %oss %osses essio sion n n$ n$ occ" occ"% %tio tion n to to c c"ir "ire e tit title le to lie lien n)le )le ln$s ln$s o' %")lic $o*in @cc"%tion ser.es to (i!(li!(t t(e 'ct t(t 'or n %%licnt to "li', (is %ossession *"st not )e *ere &ction Act"l %ossession o' ln$ consists in t(e *ni'esttion o' cts o' $o*inion o.er it o' s"c( nt"re s %rt, o"l$ nt"rll, e+rcise o.er (i on %ro%ert, %ro%ert, FACTS Petitioner C(rles = @n! in (is )e(l' n$ s $"l, re%resentti.e o' t(e )rot(ers /o)erto Al)erto n$ Cesr &les n$ A%%liction 'or /e!istrtion o' Title o.er lot sit"te$ in Br!, Anoli$ n!l$n Pn!sinn T(e, lle!e$ t(t t(e, re t(e cooners o' t(e lot n$ n e+cl"si.e %ro%ert, %"rc(se$ 'ro* s%o"ses Ton, B"tist n$ Alici ill*il on A"!"st 24 177 T(t t(e, n$ t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s n$ 8309 %ece'"l %ece' "l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot in t(e conce%t o' oners 'or *ore t(n t(irt, ,ers
T(e @ce o' t(e Solicitor !enerl o%%ose$ t(e %%liction conten$in! t(t t(e %%lic %% licnts nts nor t(eir t(eir %re$ec %re$ecess essors ors-in-in-int inter erest est (.e (.e )een )een in n o%en o%en contin" contin"o"s o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e s")ect lot s re"ire$ ), t(e Sectio Section n 48)9 48)9 o' Co**on Co**one elt( lt( Act Act o o 141 141 s *en$e$ *en$e$ ), Presi Presi$ent $entil il Decree 8PD9 o 103 Also t(e %%licnts 'ile$ to $$"ce n, *"ni*ent o' title to %ro.e t(eir cli*sK t(t t(e t+ $eclrtion %%en$e$ to t(e %%liction $oes not %%er !en"ine n$ *erel, s(os %reten$e$ %ossession o' recent .int!eK t(t t(e %%liction s &le$ )e,on$ t(e %erio$ lloe$ "n$er PD o 72 n$ t(t t(e s")ect lot is %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in (ic( cnnot )e t(e s")ect o' %ri.te %%ro%rition T(e tril co"rt ren$ere$ $ecision $ecisi on in '.or o' t(e %etitioner n$ (is )rot(ers In n %%el to t(e s"%re*e co"rt t(e $ecision s re.erse$ n$ set si$e T(e CA r"lee$ t(t $es%ite t(e ln$ )ein! o' %")lic $o*in it is %rt o' t(ose $is%os)le n$ n $ l lien ien) )le le ln$ ln$s s n$ n$ is inc"* inc"*)e )ent nt "%on "%on t(e t(e %%l %%lic icn ntt to %ro. %ro.e e t(t t(t t(e, t(e, %osses %os sesse$ se$ t(e lot in t(e nt"re nt"re n$ 'or t(e $"r $"rtio tion n re re"ir "ire$ e$ ), l l oe.e oe.er r %etitio %et itioner ner 'ile$ 'ile$ to %ro.e %ro.e t(t t(t (e or (is %re$ec %re$ecess essors ors-in-in-int inter erest est (.e (.e )een )een in $.erse %ossession o' t(e lot in t(e conce%t o' oner since J"ne 12 1745 It s lso note$ t(t t(e erliest t+ $eclrtion %resente$ is $te$ 171 ence co"l$ not 'irl, cli* %osession o' t(e ln$ %rior to 171 eit(er t(e, cn %ro.e t(t t(e, ct"ll, occ"%ie$ t(e lot %rior to t(e &lin! o' t(e %%liction ISSUE ;(et(er or not @n! n$ (is )rot(ers n$ t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s n$ notorio"s n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot in t(e conce%t o' oners 'or *ore t(n t(irt, 8309 ,ers E=D?/ATI@ o Petitioner 'ile$ to %ro.e t(t (e n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s n$ notorio"s n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot since J"ne 12 1745 T(e recor$s s(os t(t %etitioners )o"!(t t(e lot 'ro* s%o"ses Ton, B"tist )$ Alici ill*il on A"!"st 24 177 (o in t"rn %"rc(se$ t(e s*e 'ro* s%o"ses Teo&lo A)eller on Jn"r, 16 177 T(e ltter )o"!(t t(e s")ect lot 'ro* C,nt(i cc(o et l on J"l, 10 177 T(e erliest t+ $eclrtion s")*itte$ s iss"e$ in 171 in t(e n*e o' o' s%o"ses Cc(o I' to tck t(e %etitioners cli* o' oners(i% it( (is %re$ecessors in 171 still it o"l$ 'll s(ort o' t(e re"ire$ %ossession 'ro* J"ne 12 1745 oreo.er %etitioner oreo.er %etitioners s e.i$ence e.i$ence 'ile$ to est)lis( est)lis( s%eci&c cts cts o' oners(i% to s")stn s")s tnti tite te t(e cli* cli* t(t t(t (e n$ (is %re$ec %re$ecess essors ors-in-in-int inter erest est %osses %ossesse$ se$ n$ occ"%ie$ occ" %ie$ t(e s")ect lot in t(e nt"re n$ $"rtion $"rtion re"ire$ re"ire$ ), l l Petitioners Petitioners $*itte$ t(t none o' t(e* occ"%ie$ t(e s")ect lot o i*%ro.e*ents ere *$e t(ereon n$ t(e *ost t(t t(e, $i$ s to .isit t(e lot on se.erl occsions Ton, B"tis B "tist t %etitio %etitioner ners s %re$ec %re$ecess essor or-in-i -in-inte ntere rest st lso testi& testi&e$ e$ t(t t(t t(e, t(e, lso lso ne.er ne.er ct"ll, occ"%ie$ t(e lot As (el$ in /e%")lic .s Alcon): G t(e l s%eks o' %ossession n$ occ"%tion Since t(ese or$s re se%rte$ ), t(e con"nction n$ t(e cler intention o' t(e
l is not to *ke one s,non,*o"s it( t(e ot(er Possession is )ro$er t(n occ"%tion )ec"se it incl"$es constr"cti.e %ossession ;(en t(ere'ore t(e l $$s $ $s t( t(e e or$ or$ oc occ" c"% %tio tion n it se seek eks s to $eli* $eli*it it t(e t(e ll en enco co*% *%ss ssin! in! eLec eLectt o' constr"cti.e %ossession Tken to!et(er it( t(e or$s o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s t(e or$ occ"%tion ser.es to (i!(li!(t t(e 'ct t(t 'or n %%licnt to "li', (is %ossession *"st not )e *ere &ction Act"l %ossession o' ln$ consists in t(e *ni'esttion o' cts o' $o*inion o.er it o' s"c( nt"re s %rt, o"l$ nt"rll, e+ercise e+ercise o.er (is on %ro%ert, %ro%ert,
40
Re%u'lic Re%u'lic vs ?ui,to A Al, l, 17&&78 8/11/2010 Di-o! Sittee 5u,ir
D@CT/IE: \ ;(ile ;(ile t( t(e e )es )estt e.i e.i$e $enc nce e to to i$ent i$enti' i', , %i %iec ece e o' o' ln ln$ $ 'or 'or re re!is !istr trt tio ion n% %"r "r%o %ose ses s iis s te te( ( ori!i ori!in nll tr trc cin! in! cl clot ot( ( %ln %ln iss"e iss"e$ $ ), t(e t(e B"re B"re" " o' = =n$s n$s 8no 8no t(e t(e ln$ ln$ n!e*ent ser.ices o' DEB/9 )l"e%rint co%ies n$ ot(er e.i$ence co"l$ lso %ro.i$e s"cient i$enti&ction \ A%%l A%%lic ict tio ion n 'or 'or re!i re!ist str rti tion on re re"i "irres te( te( est est) )li lis( s(*e *ent nt o' o' e.i$ e.i$en ence ce t( t(tt te( te( %%licnt n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e e+ercise$ cts o' $o*inion o.er t(e lot "n$er t(e )on&$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlier e *"st %ro.e t(t 'or t lest 30 ,ers (e n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e ln$ \ T+ $ec $eclr lrt tio ions ns n$ n$ re relt lt, , t+ t+ %,* %,*en ents ts cons constit tit"t "te e t t les lestt %ro' %ro' t(t t(t (ol$ (ol$er er (s cli* o' title o.er t(e %ro%ert, 'or no one in (is ri!(t *in$ o"l$ )e %,in! t+es 'or %ro%ert, t(t is not in (is ct"l or t lest constr"cti.e %ossession It nno"nces (is $.erse cli* !inst ll ot(er %rties (o *, (.e conRict it( (is interest FACTS /es%on$ents >"into-Al$n &le$ it( t(e /TC o' =s Pins Cit, n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' title o.er teo %ieces o' ln$ in tln!o P*%lon Uno =s Pins Cit, T(e, %ro'esse$ t(e*sel.es to )e co-oners o' t(ese t( ese lots (.in! c"ire$ t(e* ), s"ccesssion 'ro* t(eir %re$ecessors 8%rents o' t(e res%on$ents9 (o in t"rn ($ c c"ir "ire$ e$ t(e %ro%ert %ro%ert, , "n$er "n$er 1767 1767 $oc"*e $oc"*ents nts $eno*in $eno*inte$ te$ s Gs" Gs"lt ltn n s P!((ri n! ="% n =)s s "k"*n n *, P!%%r, t Bili(nH Un$er t(is $oc"*ent t(e %rents o' t(e res%on$ent c"ire$ s"c( in 'or consi$ertion in (is res%ecti.e s(re 'ro* /o*"l$o >"into T(e, lso lle!e$ t(t "ntil t(e ti*e o' t(e %%lic %%licti tion on t(e, t(e, n$ t(eir t(eir %re$ec %re$ecess essors ors-in-in-int inter erest est (.e (.e )een )een in n ct" ct"l l o%en %ece'"l $.erse e+cl"si.e n$ contin"o"s %ossession o' t(ese lots in t(e conce%t o' oner n$ t(t t(e, ($ consistentl, $eclre$ t(e %ro%ert, in t(eir n*e 'or %"r%oses o' rel estte t+tion In s"%%ort o' t(eir %%liction res%on$ents s")*itte$ t(e )l"e%rint o' %lns ell s co%ies o' t(e Tec(nic Tec(nicl l $escri%tions $escri%tions o' ec( lot certi&ctio certi&ction n 'ro* t(e !eo$etic en!ineer n$ t(e %ertinent t+ $eclrtions to!et(er it( t(e recei%ts o' %,*ent t(ere'or T(e, .erre$ t(t t(e %ro%ert,s ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln ($ %re.io"sl,
)een s")*itte$ to t(e /TC o' =s Pins on %re.io"s re!istrtion cse in n =/C cse o =P -125 @%%osin! t(e %%lic @%%osin! %%licti tion on Petition etitioner er t(ro"! t(ro"!( ( t(e @ce @ce o' t(e Cit, Prose Prosec"t c"tor or $.nce$ t(t t(e ln$ so"!(t to )e re!istere$ ere inlien)le ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*inK t(t neit(er o' t(e res%on$ents nor t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest ($ )een in %rior %ossession t(ereo'K n$ t(t t(e *"ni*ent o' title n$ t(e t+ $eclrtion s")*itte$ to t(e co"rt $i$ not constit"te co*%etent n$ s"cient e.i$ence o' )on &$e c"isition or o' %rior %ossession in t(e conce%t o' oner Petitioner ]eni$ >"into-Al$nin (er testi*on, $eclre$ t(t t(e s")ect ln$ s one$ ), (er '*il, since s(e s 5 ,ers o' !e n$ (er !rn$%rents ($ li.e$ in t(e lots "ntil te( $et( o' (er !rn$*ot(er in 1761 T(t si$e 'ro* (er !rn$%rents t(ere re cretkers (o ($ tille$ t(e ln$ n$ (o ($ li.e$ "ntil so*eti*e )eteen 170-1770 S(e re*e*)ere$ t(t (er !rn$*ot(er constr"cte$ (o"se on t(e %ro%ert, T(t so*eti*e on 170 (er '*il, )"ilt n $o)e 'ence ro" ro"n$ n$ t( t(e e %eri* %eri*et eter er n$ n$ on 1770 1770s s t(e, t(e, re rein' in'or orce ce$ $ it it( it( (ollo (ollo )lock )locks s n$ n$ concrete concr ete 'ter 'ter n in"n$tion in"n$tion c"se$ ), t(e Roo$ Roo$ S(e cli*e$ t(t t(t s(e n$ (er 't(er ($ )een reli!io"sl, %,in! rel estte t+es s(on in t(e t+ $eclrtions n$ t+ recei%ts s")*itte$ to t(e co"rt ]eni$s cli* or %rior o%en e+cl"si.e n$ contin"o"s %ossession o' t(e ln$ s corro)orte$ ),%rents Jose&nre ="n o' t(e $oinin! lot oner (o stron!l, $eclre$ t(t ]eni$s t(eone oner o' t(e ln$ ($ not o' (er knole$!e t(t s(e c*e to kno o' n, ot(er cli* T(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt on J"l, 10 2003 ren$ere$ $ecision $en,in! t(e %%lic %% lictio tion n 'or re re!ist !istrt rtion ion It 'o"n$ 'o"n$ t(t t(t re res%o s%on$en n$ents ts 'ile$ 'ile$ to est)l est)lis( is( it( it( certint, t(e i$entit, o' t(e lots %%lie$ 'or re!istrtion )ec"se o' 'il"re to s")*it to t(e co"rt t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln s *n$te$ ), t(e Presi$entil Decree no 1527 U%on %%el t(e CA re.erse$ t(e $ecision o' t(e /TC In t(e %etition to t(e SC Petitioner .ers t(t t(e CA co**itte$ n error s Section 1 o' PD o 1527 sttes t(t t(e s")*ission in co"rt o' t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln o' t(e %ro%ert, so"!(t to )e re!istere$ is *n$tor, re"ire*ent in re!istrtion %rocee$in!s in or$er to est)lis( t(e e+ct i$entit, o' t(e %ro%ert, In.okin! Del /osrio .s /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines %etitioner )elie.es t(t res%on$ents re not relie.e$ o' t(eir %roce$"rl o)li!tion to $$"ce in e.i$ence t(e ori!inl co%, o' t(e %ln )ec"se t(e, co"l$ (.e esil, retrie.e$ retrie.e$ it 'ro* t(e =/A =/A n$ %resente$ %resente$ it in co"rt co"rt It s"!!ests s"!!ests t(t t(e )l"e%rin )l"e %rintt s")*itt s")*itte$ e$ cnnot cnnot )e n %%ro %%ro+i* +i*te te s")stn s")stnti till co* co*%li %lince nce o' t(e Section 1 o' PD no 1527 n$ is ille!i)le $ "nre$)le 'or it $oes not e.en )er t(e certi&ction o' t(e ln$s n!e*ent B"re" F"rt(er it lso ttcks cli* o' t(e res%on$ents %rior %ossession s t(ere s no cler n$ con.incin! e.i$ence to s(o %roo' ISSUE 19 ;(et ;(et(e (err or not )l"e )l"e %rin %rint t tec( tec(ni nic cll s%eci s%eci&c &ct tio ions ns n$ n$ t+ $ecl $eclr rt tio ion n n$ n$ rel estte %,*ents re s"cient e.i$ence to %ro.i$e i$enti&ction o' t(e s")ect ln$ cli*e$ o' oners(i% in co*%lince o' t(e Section 1 o' PD 1527
29 ;(et ;(et(e (err or not not t(e res res%o %on$ n$en ents ts (s (s e+er e+erci cise se$ $ cts cts o' $o*i $o*ini nion ons s o.er o.er t(e t(e ln$ "n$er )on&$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlier E=D?/ATI@ 19 es es I' t(e t(e re reso son n 'or 'or re"i re"iri rin! n! n %%l %%lic icn ntt to $$" $$"ce ce in in e.i$ e.i$enc ence e t(e t(e ori!i ori!in nll trcin! clot( %ln is *erel, to %ro.i$e con.enient n$ necessr, *ens to Lor$ certint, s to t(e e+ct i$entit, o' t(e %ro%ert, %%lie$ 'or re!istrtion n$ to ens"re t(t t(e s*e $oes not o.erl% it( t(e )o"n$ries o' t(e $oinin! lots t(ere stn$s to )e no reson (, re!istrtion %%liction *"st )e $enie$ 'or 'il"re 'il"r e to %resent t(e ori!inl ori!inl trcin! trcin! clot( %ln es%ecill, (en it is cco*%nie$ cco*%nie$ ), %ieces o' e.i$ence- s"c( s $"l, e+ec"te$ )l"e%rint o' t(e s"r.e, %ln n$ $"l, e+ec"te$ tec(nicl $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, (ic( *, likeise s")stntill, n$ it( s *"c( certint, %ro.e t(e li*its n$ e+tent o' t(e %ro%ert, so"!(t to )e re!istere$ As li$ $on in t(e $octrinl %rece%t li$ $on in t(e re%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines CA n$ in t(e lter cses o' s%o"ses /ecto .s /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines n$ /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines .s ")ill t(t (ile t(e )est e.i$ence to i$enti', %iece %iece o' o' ln$ ln$ 'or 'or re re!is !istr trtio tion n %"r%o %"r%oses ses is t(e ori!in ori!inll trc trcin! in! clot( clot( %ln %ln )l"e%rint co%ies n$ ot(er e.i$ence e.i$ence co"l$ lso %ro.i$e %ro.i$e s"cient s"cient i$enti&ctio i$enti&ction n T(ereit( t(e s")*ission o' t(e res%on$ents o' t(e )l"e%rint %ln to!et(er it( t(e tec(nicl tec(nicl $escri%tion $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, o%ertes o%ertes s s")stntil co*%lince co*%lince it( t(e le!l re"ire*ents re"ire*ents o' t(e l l It s note$ t(t t(e )l"e%rint )l"e%rint s")*itte$ s")*itt e$ %rocee$e$ %rocee$e$ ocill, ocill, 'ro* 'ro* t(e =n$ n!e*ent n!e*ent ser.ices ser.ices n$ )ers )e rs t(e %%ro. %%ro.ll o' S"r.e, S"r.e,s s $i.isio $i.ision n C(ie' C(ie' n$ s en$ors en$orse$ e$ ), t(e t(e Co**"ni Co* *"nit, t, En.iro En.iron*e n*ent nt n$ t"r t"rll reso" re so"rc rces es @ce @ce o' t(e DE/ DE/ T(is cco*%nie$ cco *%nie$ ), t(e tec(nicl tec(nicl $escri%tions $escri%tions o' t(e lot e+ec"te$ e+ec"te$ n$ .eri&e$ .eri&e$ lso ), t(e >eo$etic En!ineer 29 es es /es /es%o %on$e n$ent nts s ($ ($ est est)l )lis( is(e$ e$ e.i$e e.i$enc nce e t(t t(t s(e n$ n$ (er (er %re$e %re$ece cess ssor orssin-interest (.e e+ercise$ cts o' $o*inion o.er t(e ln$ co*%l,in! t(e n"*)er o' *ore t(n 30 ,ers in n o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e ln$ Fro* t(e recor$s recor$s %ossession %ossession o' t(e res%on$ents res%on$ents o' t(e si$ ln$ $tes $tes )ck to 173 n$ ($ )een $eclre$ $eclre$ 'or t+tion ), ]eni$s 't(er 't(er S"c( $eclrtion 'or t+ %"r%oses contin"es "% to 177 175 t(en to 1774 T(e res%on$ents co"l$ (.e ser.e$ '"rt(er %roo' o' $eclrtions i' not 'or t(e &le$ )ein! )"rne$ s certi&e$ ), t(e @ce o' t(e /i#l Pro.incil Assessor (en &re )roke o"t in t(t certin oce Also res%on$ents recei%t 'or t+ e+%en$it"res )eteen 17 n$ 2001 re likeise Res(e$ o"t in t(e recor$s n$ in t(ese $oc"*ents t(e (erein res%on$ents re t(e n*e oners o' t(e %ro%ert, it( ]eni$ )ein! i$enti&e$ s t(e one (o $eli.ere$ t(e %,*ent in 1774 recei%ts T(ese "n)roken c(in o' %ositi.e cts e+ercise$ e+ercise$ ), res%on$ents %re$ecessors s $e*onstrte$ ), t(ese %ieces o' e.i$ence ,iel$ no ot(er concl"sion t(n t(t s erl, e rl, s s17 173 3 t( t(e, e, ($ ($ lre lre$ $, , $e*on $e*onst str rte te$ $ n "n*ist "n*istk k) )le le cli cli* * to t(e t(e %ro%ert,
o Petitioner 'ile$ to %ro.e t(t (e n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s n$ notorio"s n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot since J"ne 12 1745 T(e recor$s s(os t(t %etitioners )o"!(t t(e lot 'ro* s%o"ses Ton, B"tist n$ Alici ill*il on A"!"st 24 177 (o in t"rn %"rc(se$ t(e s*e 'ro* s%o"ses Teo&lo A)eller on Jn"r, 16 177 T(e ltter )o"!(t t(e s")ect lot 'ro* C,nt(i cc(o et l on J"l, 10 177 T(e erliest t+ $eclrtion s")*itte$ s iss"e$ in 171 in t(e n*e o' o' s%o"ses Cc(o I' to tck t(e %etitioners cli* o' oners(i% it( (is %re$ecessors in 171 still it o"l$ 'll s(ort o' t(e re"ire$ %ossession 'ro* J"ne 12 1745 oreo.er %etitioner oreo.er %etitioners s e.i$ence e.i$ence 'ile$ to est)lis( est)lis( s%eci&c cts cts o' oners(i% to s")stn s")s tnti tite te t(e cli* cli* t(t t(t (e n$ (is %re$ec %re$ecess essors ors-in-in-int inter erest est %osses %ossesse$ se$ n$ occ"%ie$ occ" %ie$ t(e s")ect lot in t(e nt"re n$ $"rtion $"rtion re"ire$ re"ire$ ), l l Petitioners Petitioners $*itte$ t(t none o' t(e* occ"%ie$ t(e s")ect lot o i*%ro.e*ents ere *$e t(ereon n$ t(e *ost t(t t(e, $i$ s to .isit t(e lot on se.erl occsions Ton, B"tis B "tist t %etitio %etitioner ners s %re$ec %re$ecess essor or-in-i -in-inte ntere rest st lso testi& testi&e$ e$ t(t t(t t(e, t(e, lso lso ne.er ne.er ct"ll, occ"%ie$ t(e lot As (el$ in /e%")lic .s Alcon): G t(e l s%eks o' %ossession n$ occ"%tion Since t(ese or$s re se%rte$ ), t(e con"nction n$ t(e cler intention o' t(e l is not to *ke one s,non,*o"s it( t(e ot(er Possession is )ro$er occ"%tion )ec"se it incl"$es constr"cti.e %ossession ;(en t(ere'ore t(et(n l $$s $ $s t( t(e e or$ or$ oc occ" c"% %tio tion n it se seek eks s to $eli* $eli*it it t(e t(e ll en enco co*% *%ss ssin! in! eLec eLectt o' constr"cti.e %ossession Tken to!et(er it( t(e or$s o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s t(e or$ occ"%tion ser.es to (i!(li!(t t(e 'ct t(t 'or n %%licnt to "li', (is %ossession *"st not )e *ere &ction Act"l %ossession o' ln$ consists in t(e *ni'esttion o' cts o' $o*inion o.er it o' s"c( nt"re s %rt, o"l$ nt"rll, e+ercise e+ercise o.er (is on %ro%ert, %ro%ert, =n$ re!istrtion re!istrtion %rocee$in!s %rocee$in!s re !o.erne$ !o.erne$ ), t(e r"le t(t (ile t+ $eclrtions $eclrtions n$ t+ relt, t+ %,*ents re not concl"si.e e.i$ence o' oners(i% t(e, re !oo$ in$iction o' %ossession in t(e conce%t o' oner t(ese $oc"*ents s"c( s t+ $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ %,*ents constit"te t lest %roo' t(t (ol$er (s cli* o' title o.er t(e %ro%ert, 'or no one in (is ri!(t *in$ o"l$ )e %,in! t+es 'or 'or %ro% %ro%er ert, t, t(t t(t is not not in (is ct" ct"l l or t lest lest const constr"c r"cti. ti.e e %oss %osses essio sion n It nno"nces (is $.erse cli* !inst ll ot(er %rties (o *, (.e conRict it( (is interest In$ee$ t(e res%on$ents (.e )een in %ossession o' t(e ln$ in t(e conce%t o' n oner (ic( *kes *kes t(e ri!(t t(ereto "n"estion)l, "n"estion)l, settle$ n$ (ence $eser.in! $eser.in! %rotection "n$er t(e l
41
Re%u'lic Re%u'lic vs Cuves er! 5u, Crlo
167 SCRA 1&0
11/)/1)88
Fcts: /o*eric o*erico o C(.e# C(.e# t(e lle!e lle!e$ $ oner oner o' t(e s")ect s")ect %r %ro%e o%ert, rt, (ic( (ic( consis consists ts o' 1146 (ectres %%lie$ 'or its re!istrtion it( t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o'
Iloilo e cli*e$ t(t t(e ln$ s ori!inll, one$ ), (is !rn$'t(er (o ($ )een in %ece'"l e+cl"si.e contin"o"s n$ o%en %ossession o' t(e ln$ since ti*e i**e*oril n$ (e c"ire$ t(e ln$ ), .irt"e o' Dee$ o' De&nite Sle e lso cli*e$ t(t (e ($ )een %,in! t+es on t(e %ro%ert, n$ ($ %lnte$ cocon"t n$ *n!o trees t(ereon T(e Director o' =n$s o%%ose$ it( s"c( %%liction )"t t(is s !rnte$ ), t(e CFI 'ter $"e (erin! rel,in! on C(.e#s lone testi*on, erein Petitioner %%ele$ to t(e Co"rt o' A%%els (ic( r*e$ t(e si$ $ecision )"t re$"ce$ t(e re re to 144 (ectres (ectres ence ence t(is %etition 'or certiorri certiorri Petitioner Petitioner co conte nten$s n$s t( t(t t:: &r &rst st t(e t(e ln$ ln$ s s not not s"c s"cien ientl tl, , i$ent i$enti& i&e$ e$ it( it( in$")i in$")it t)le )le e.i$ence )ec"se (t s s")*itte$ s onl, )l"e%rint co%, o' t(e s"r.e, %ln contr contrr, r, to t(e stt"t stt"tor, or, re"ir re"ire*e e*ent nt o' *n$t *n$tor, or, c(rc c(rcter ter t(st t(st t(e ori!in ori!inll trcin! clot( %ln o' t(e ln$ %%lie$ 'or (ic( *"st )e %%ro.e$ ), t(e Director o' = =n$s n$s s(o"l$ s(o"l$ )e s" s")* )*itt itte$ e$KK n$ n$ seco secon$ n$ t(e t(e nt" nt"re re n$ n$ len!t len!t( ( o' %o %oss sses essio sion n re"ire$ ), l ($ not )een $e"tel, est)lis(e$ Iss"e?s: 1 ;@ t(e ln$ s not s"cientl, i$enti&e$ ), %resentin! )l"e%rint co%, o' t(e s"r.e, %ln< 2 ;@ ;@ t( t(e e nt" nt"rre n$ n$ le len! n!t( t( o' %oss %osses essi sion on re"i e"irre$ ), l l ($ ($ not not )een )een $e"tel, est)lis(e$ el$?/tio: 1 @ As r"le t(e )est e.i$ence to i$enti', %iece o' ln$ 'or re!istrtion %"r%oses s t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln 'ro* t(e B"re" B"re" o' =n$s (oe.er (oe.er )l"e%rint co%ies n$ ot(er e.i$ence co"l$ lso %ro.i$e s"cient i$enti&ction ere t(ere s consi$er)le co*%lince it( t(e re"ire*ent o' t(e l s t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s s"cientl, i$enti&e$ it( t(e %resenttion o' t(e )l"e%rint co%, (ic( s certi&e$ ), t(e B"re" o' =n$s incl"$in! t(e tec(nicl $escri%tion t(t !oes it( it ence t(e s")ect ln$ s s"cientl, i$enti&e$ ), t(e )l"e%rint co%, o' t(e s"r.e, %ln 2 ES As r"le t(e %%licnt *"st %resent s%eci&c cts o' oners(i% to s")stntite t(e cli* n$ cnnot oLer !enerl stte*ents (ic( re *ere concl"sions o' l t(t 'ct"l e.i$ence o' %ossession ere t(ere is not eno"!( e.i$ence to s"%%ort (is cli* e+ce%t (is on "ns"%%orte$ $eclrtions ence %ri.te res%on$ent 'ile$ to %ro.e (is cli* o' oners(i% T(e %etition s >/ATED Alt(o"!( t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s s"cientl, i$enti&e$ t(e %%lic %%licnt nt (s 'ile$ 'ile$ to %ro.e %ro.e t(e %ece' %ece'"l "l e+cl"s e+cl"si.e i.e contin contin"o"s "o"s n$ o%en o%en %ossession necessr, to s"%%ort (is cli* o' oners(i% ence t(e re!istrtion s $enie$
42 Serr vs CA 5u, Crlo
1)& SCRA 482
3/22/1))1
er!
Fcts: T(e erne#es 8Pri*iti.o /o!cin n$ ="is9 (erein %ri.te res%on$ents &le$ it( t(e CFI o' Bcolo$ Cit, %etition 'or reconstit"tion o' lle!e$l, lost ori!inl certi&ctes o' titleo'co.erin! 3 lots (ic( s ),o' titles certi&ction 'ro* t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s e!ros @cci$entl t(t nos"%%orte$ certi&ctes ($ )een iss"e$ co.erin! t(e %ro%erties T(e %etition s !rnte$ n$ t(e /@D o' e!ros @cci$entl re reco const nstit it"t "te$ e$ or ori!i i!in nll ce cert rti&c i&ct tes es o' title title to t(e t(e s" s")e )ect ct lots lots n$ n$ tr trn ns' s'er er certi&ctes ere iss"e$ in t(eir n*es U%on lernin! o' t(e e+istence o' t(e TCTs Serr Se rr Serr Serr (er (erei ein n %eti %etiti tion oner er &l &le$ e$ it( it( t( t(e e /@D /@D n $.e $.ers rse e cli cli* * !i !ins nstt re reco const nstit it"t "te$ e$ ce cert rti& i&c cte tes s o' titl title e T(e, T(e, &l &le$ e$ *otio *otion n 'or 'or c cnc ncell ellt tion ion o' s si$ i$ certi&ctes o' title cli*in! t(t t(e, re (ol$ers o' .li$ e+istin! certi&ctes o' titl title e n$ n$ t(t t(t t( t(e, e, re re in ct" ct"ll %oss %osses essio sion n o' t(e t(e %r %ro% o%er ertie ties s co co.e .ere re$ $ ), t(e t(e reconstit"te$ certi&ctes o' titles since )e'ore t(e r T(e CFI $enie$ t(e *otion 'or 'or cnc cncell ellt tio ion n it( it(o" o"tt co con$" n$"ct ctin! in! 'o 'or* r*l l (er (erin! in! Petit etitio ione ners rs *o.e *o.e$ $ 'or 'or reconsi$er rec onsi$ertion tion )"t t(is s $enie$ T(e erne#es erne#es &le$ *otion *otion 'or e+ec"tion e+ec"tion o' t(e or$er !rntin! t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion reconstit"tion n$ %r,e$ t(t t(e, )e %lce$ in %ossession o' t(e s")ect %ro%erties T(e tril co"rt !rnte$ t(e *otion n$ iss"e$ rit r it o' %oss %osses essio sion n T(is T(is s s c(l c(llen len!e !e$ $ ), t(e t(e %etit %etitio ioner ner )e'o )e'ore re t(e Co"rt Co"rt o' A%%els (ic( iss"e$ rit o' %reli*inr, in"nction n$ t(ere'ter li'te$ t(e s*e ence t(is %etition Iss"e?s: ;@ t(e iss"nce o' rit o' %ossession s %ro%er 8%roce$"re n$ reconstit"tion o' ori!inl certi&cte o' title9 el$?/tio: @ As r"le rit o' %ossession *, )e iss"e$ onl, in t(e 'olloin! csesK 19ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!K 29e+tr-"$icil 'oreclos"re o' /EK 39"$icil 'oreclos"re o' *ort!!e *ort! !e "si in re* %rocee$in! %rocee$in! %ro.i$e$ %ro.i$e$ t(t t(e *ort!!or *ort!!or is in %ossession o' t(e *ort!!e$ relt, n$ no t(ir$ %erson not %rt, to t(e 'oreclos"re s"it ($ inter.ene$K 49e+ec"tion sles In ln$ re!istrtion cse rit o' %ossession *, )e iss"e$ iss" e$ onl, %"rs"nt %"rs"nt to $ecre $ecree e o' re re!ist !istrt rtion ion in n ori!inl ori!inl ln$ re re!ist !istrt rtion ion %rocee$in!s Gnot onl, !inst t(e %erson (o (s )een $e'ete$ in re!istrtion cse )"t lso !inst n,one $.ersel, occ"%,in! t(e ln$ or n, %ortion t(ereo' $"rin! t(e %rocee$in!s "% to t(e iss"nce o' t(e $ecree oe.er it cnnot )e iss"e$ in %etition 'or reconstit"tion o' n lle!e$l, lost or $estro,e$ certi&cte o' title /econstit"tion $oes not con&r* or $"$icte oners(i% o.er t(e %ro%ert, co.ere$ ), t(e reconstit"te$ title s in ori!inl ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s (ere in t(e ltter rit o' %ossession *, )e iss"e$ to %lce t(e %%licnt-oner in %ossession T(e %"r%ose o' t(e reconstit"tion o' n, $oc"*ent )ook or recor$ is to (.e t(e s*e re%ro$"ce$ 'ter o)ser.in! t(e %roce$"re %rescri)e$ ), l in t(e s*e 'or* t(e, ere (en t(e loss or $estr"ction $estr"ction occ"rre$ occ"rre$ A %erson (o seeks reconstit"tion o' certi&cte o' title o.er %ro%ert, (e $oes not ct"ll, %ossess
cnnot ), *ere *otion 'or t(e iss"nce o' rit o' %ossession (ic( is s"**r, in nt"re $e%ri.e t(e ct"l occ"%nts o' %ossession t(ereo' Possession n$?or oners(i% o' t(e %ro%ert, s(o"l$ )e t(res(e$ o"t in se%rte %rocee$in! ere %etitioners ere not *ere %ossessors o' t(e %ro%erties co.ere$ ), t(e recon)sit"te$ titles t(e, re %ossessors "n$er cli* o' oners(i% Act"l %ossession "n$er cli* o' oners oners(i% (i% rises rises $is%"t $is%"t)le )le %res"* %res"*%tio %tion n o' oners oners(i% (i% ence ence t(e rit rit o' %ossession s not %ro%er %ro%er Petition >/ATED
43
Re%u'lic Re%u'lic vs Nil Nils s &12 SCRA 286 er! 5u, Crlo
1/23/2007
Fcts: In 1741 T(e tril co"rt $"$icte$ t(e s")ect %ro%ert, to t(e Clin!cions n$ or$ere$ t(e C(ie' o' t(e >enerl =n$ /e!istrtion /e!istrtion "%on &nlit, o' tt(e (e $ecision to iss"e t(e corres%on$ corres%on$in! in! $ecree $ecree o' re!istrtio re!istrtion n S%o"ses S%o"ses A)ier A)ier /es%on$e /es%on$ent nt ills %re % rent nts s c"i c"ire re$ $ t(e t(e s")e s")ect ct lot t(ro t(ro"!( "!( Dee$ Dee$ o' A)sol A)sol"t "te e Sle Sle n$ n$ t(ere t(ereon on /es%on$ent ills c"ire$ it 'ro* (er %rents t(ro"!( Dee$ o' "itcli* o $ecree o' re!istrtion (s e.er )een iss"e$ o.er t(e s")ect lot e.er since t(e $ecision s *$e ), t(e tril co"rt ills no 8177 56 ,ers 'ter t(e 1741 $eci $e cisi sion on99 so"! so"!(t (t t( t(e e re.i. e.i.l l o' t(e t(e 1741 1741 $eci $ecisi sion on n$ n$ t( t(e e iss" iss"n nce ce o' t( t(e e corres%on$in! $ecree o' re!istrtion 'or t(e si$ lot it( t(e /TC (ic( !rnte$ t(e %etition n$ $irecte$ t(e Co**issioner o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion A"t(orit, to iss"e t(e corres%on$in! $ecree o' con&r*tion n$ re!istrtion @ce o' t(e Solicitor >ener >en erll %%ele %%ele$ $ t(e /TC $ecisio $ecision n r r!"in !"in! ! t(t t(t t(e ri!(t ri!(t o' ct ction ion to re re.i. .i.e e "$!*ent ($ lre$, %rescri)e$ n$ ills s(o"l$ (.e est)lis(e$ est)li s(e$ t(t re"est 'or iss"nce o' $ecree o' re!istrtion )e'ore t(e A$*onistrtor o' t(e =/A T(e %%el s $enie$ ), CA (ic( reiterte$ t(t t(e %ro.isions o' Sec6 /"le 37 o' t(e /@C (ic( i*%oses %rescri%ti.e %erio$ 'or en'orce*ent o' "$!*ent ), *otion re re'e 'err to or$in or$inr r, , ci ci.il .il ctio ctions ns n$ n$ @T @T to Gs Gs%ec %eci ilH lH %roc %rocee ee$in $in!s !s s" s"c( c( s ln$ ln$ re!istrtion cses ence t(is %etition T(e @S> conten$s t(t t(e %rinci%les o' %rscri%tion %rscri% tion n$ lc(es $o %%l, to ln$ re!istrtion re!istrtion cses t(t "n$er Sec 6 o' /"le /"le 37 o' t(e 177 /"les "les o' Ci.il Ci.il Pr Proce oce$"r $"re e est)l est)lis(e is(es s t(t t(t &nl &nl n$ e+ec" e+ec"tor tor, , "$!*ent or or$er *, )e e+ec"te$ e+ec"te$ on *otion it(in &.e 859 ,ers 'ro* t(e $te o' its entr, 'ter (ic( ti*e it *, )e en'orce$ ), ction )e'ore it is )rre$ ), stt"te o' li*ittions Iss"e?s: 1 ;@ t(e %rinci%les o' %rescri%tion n$ lc(es %%lies to t(e $ecision in ln$ re!istrtion cses 2 ;@ t(e "$!*ent in =n$ /e!istrtion cses *, )e e+ec"te$ on *ition or en'orce$ ), ction it(in t(e %"r.ie o' /"le 37 el$?/tio:
1 @ In t(e cse o' St An . enl 8St An Doctrine9 t(e co"rt e+tensi.el, e+%line$ t(t t(e %ro.ision o' Sec 6 /"le 37 re'ers to ci.il ctions n$ is not %%li % %lic c)le )le to s% s%ec eci ill %r %roc ocee ee$in $in!s !s s"c( s"c( s ln$ ln$ re!ist e!istr rti tion on cse cse T(is T(is is so )ec )e c"s "se e %rt %rt, , in ci ci.il .ilc cti tion on *"st *"st i**e$i i**e$it tel el, , en en'o 'orc rce e " "$!* $!*en entt t(t t(t is sec"re$ s !inst t(e $.erse %rt, n$ (is 'il"re to ct to en'orce t(e s*e it(in reson)le ti*e s %ro.i$e$ in t(e /"les *kes t(e $ecision "nen'orce)le !inst t(e losin! %rt, In s%ecil %rocee$in!s t(e %"r%ose is to est)lis( stt"s con$ition or 'ct in ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s t(e oners(i% ), %erson o' %rcel o' ln$ is so"!(t to )e est)lis(e$ A'ter t(e oners(i% (s )een %ro.e$ n$ con&r*e$ ), "$icil $eclrtion no '"rt(er %rocee$in! to en'orce si$ oners(i% is necessr, e+ce%t (en t(e $.erse or losin! %rt, ($ )een in %ossession o' t(e ln$ n$ t(e innin! %rt, $esires to o"st (i* t(ere'ro* F"rt(er T(ere is not(in! in t(e l t(t li*its t(e %erio$ it(in (ic( t(e co"rt *, or$er or iss"e $ecree T(e reson is +++ t(t t(e "$!*ent is *erel, $eclrtor, in c(rcter n$ $oes not nee$ nee $ to )e ssert sserte$ e$ or en'or en'orce$ ce$ !inst !inst t(e $.ers $.erse e %rt, %rt, F"rt(er "rt(er*or *ore e t(e iss" iss "nc nce e o' $ecr $ecree ee is *inis *iniste teri rill $"t, $"t, )ot( )ot( o' t(e t(e "$!e "$!e n$ n$ o' t(e t(e = =n$ n$ /e!istrt /e !istrtion ion Co**ission 'il"re 'il"re o' t(e co"rt or o' t(e clerk to iss"e t(e $ecree $ecree 'or t(e reson t(t no *otion t(ere'or (s )een &le$ cnnot %re"$ice t(e oner or t(e %erson in (o* t(e ln$ is or$ere$ to )e re!istere$ 2 @ Sec 37 o' PD 1527 l,s $on t(e %roce$"re t(t inter%oses )eteen t(e re ren$i n$iti tion on o' "$!*e "$!*ent nt n$ n$ t(e t(e iss" iss"nc nce e o' ce cert rti&c i&ct te e o' title title o o)li! o)li!t tion ion (tsoe.er (tso e.er is i*%ose$ i*%ose$ ), Section 37 on t(e %re.ilin! %re.ilin! %%licnt or o%%ositor e.en s %recon$ition to t(e iss"nce o' t(e title T(e o)li!tions %ro.i$e$ in t(e Section re le.ie$ on t(e ln$ co"rt 8t(t is to iss"e n or$er $irectin! t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co**issioner to iss"e in t"rn t(e corres%on$in! $ecree o' re!istrtion9 its clerk o' co"rt "rt 8t(t is to tr rn ns*it co%i %ie es o' t(e "$!* $!*ent n$ t(e or$er $er to t(e Co**is Co* *ission sioner9 er9 n$ t(e =n$ =n$ /e!istr e!istrtio tion n Co**is Co**ission sioner er 8t(t 8t(t is to c"se c"se t(e %re%rtion o' t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion n$ t(e trns*ittl t(ereo' to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s9 All t(ese o)li!tions re *inisteril on t(e ocers c(r!e$ it( t(eir %er'or*nce n$ t("s !enerll, )e,on$ $iscretion o' *en$*ent or re.ie T(e 'il"re on t(e %rt o' t(e $*inistrti.e "t(orities to $o t(eir %rt in t(e iss"nce o' t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion cnnot o"st t(e %re.ilin! %rt, 'ro* oners(i% o' t(e ln$ eit(er t(e 'il"re o' s"c( %%licnt to 'ollo "% it( si$ "t(orities cn Petition DEIED
44
,oto: Relt. Relt. vs ((" Relt. Relt. &40 12/1 12 /17/ 7/20 2007 07 Ag Agui uil lrr! Ch Chrl rles es "i "ito to R#
SCRA
304
FACTS: T(e Petition in.ol.e$ %ro%erties co.ere$ ), @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title 8@CT9 o 774 (ic( in t"rn enco*%sses 1342 (ectres o' t(e ,silo Estte T(e .st trct o' ln$ ln$ stretc stretc(es (es o.er o.er t(ree t(ree 839 cities cities it(in it(in etro etro%ol %olit itn n nil nil C=T C=T /elt, elt, De.elo%*ent Cor%ortion 8C=T9 so"!(t to reco.er 'ro* notok /elt, Inc n$ notok Estte Cor%ortion 8notoks9 t(e %ossession o' =ot 26 o' t(e ,silo Estte Est te C=Ts C=Ts cli* cli* s nc(or nc(ore$ e$ on Trns'e rns'err Certi&c Certi&cte te o' Title Title $eri.e $eri.e$ $ 'ro* 'ro*
Estelit i%olito Estelit i%olito i%olitos i%olitos title e*nte$ e*nte$ 'ro* Jose Di*son (ose title %%ers %%ers to (.e )een so"rce$ 'ro* @CT o 774 For t(eir %rt t(e notoks c(llen!e$ t(e .li$it, o' t(e title relie$ on ), C=T cli*in! cli*in ! t(t Di*sons title t(e %ro+i*te %ro+i*te so"rce so"rce o' C=Ts C=Ts title s irre!"lrl, irre!"lrl, iss"e$ n$ (ence t(e s*e n$ s")se"ent titles Roin! t(ere'ro* re likeise .oi$ T(e notoks sserte$ t(eir oners(i% o.er =ot 26 n$ cli*e$ t(t t(e, $eri.e$ it 'ro* se.erl r$ees n$?or .en$ees o' t(e tionl o"sin! A"t(orit, T(e notok title likeise l ikeise trce$ s its %ri*r, so"rce @CT o 774 T(e tril co"rt r"le$ 'or C=T C=T notoks %%el to t(e CA s $enie$ $ enie$ ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e title iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' C=T C=T is .li$ E=D: It is e.i$ent 'ro* ll t(ree titles^C=Ts i%olitos n$ Di*sons_t(t t(e %ro%erties t( t(e, e, %"r% %"r%or ortt to co.e co.err er ere Gor ori! i!in inl ll, l, re!is e!iste terre$ on 17 A%ri A%rill 171 171HH in t( t(e e /e!istrtion Book o' t(e @ce o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' /i#l T(ese titles co"l$ )e r*e$ onl, i' it cn )e %ro.en t(t @CT o 774 re!istere$ on 17 A%ril 171 ($ ct"ll, e+iste$ C=T ere !i.en t(e o%%ort"nit, to s")*it s"c( %roo' )"t it $i$ not T(e est)lis(e$ le!l %rinci%le in ctions 'or nn"l*ent or recon.e,nce o' title is t( t(t t %rt %rt, , seek seekin! in! it s(o"l$ s(o"l$ est est)li )lis( s( not not *ere *erel, l, ), %re%o %re%on$e n$er rnc nce e o' e.i$ e. i$en ence ce )"t )"t ), cl cle err n$ n$ con. con.in inci cin! n! e.i$ e.i$en ence ce t( t(t t t( t(e e ln$ ln$ so"! so"!(t (t to )e recon.e,e rec on.e,e$ $ is (is In n ction ction to reco.er reco.er t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, *"st )e i$enti&e$ n$ t(e %lintiL *"st rel, on t(e stren!t( o' (is title n$ not on t(e ekness o' t(e $e'en$ntXs cli* Consi$erin! t(t C=T clerl, 'ile$ to *eet t(e )"r$en o' %roo' re%ose$ in t(e* s %lintiLs in t(e ction 'or nn"l*ent o' title n$ reco.er, o' %ossession t(ere is cse to )e *$e 'or or$erin! t(e $is*issl o' t(eir ori!inl co*%lints )e'ore t(e tril co"rt As it %%e %%er rs s on t(e t(e re reco cor$ r$ @CT @CT o o 774 774 t(e t(e *ot( *ot(er er titl title e s s re rece cei. i.e$ e$ 'or 'or trnscri%tion t(e /e!ister o' A%ril Dee$s on 3@).io"sl, , 171A%ril )se$ iss"nce o' t(e $ecree o' ), re!istrtion on 1 171 17'ro* 171t(e is not t(e $te o' inscri%tion or t(e $te o' trnscri%tion trnscri%tion o' t(e $ecree $ecree into t(e @ri!inl Certi&cte Certi&cte o' Title T("s s"c( $te cnnot )e consi$ere$ s t(e $te o' t(e title or t(e $te (en t(e title took eLect It %%ers t(t t(e trnscri%tion o' t(e $ecree s $one on t(e $te it s recei.e$ ), t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' /i#l on , 3 171 T(ere is *rke$ $istinction )eteen t(e entr, o' t(e $ecree n$ t(e entr, o' t(e certi&cte o' titleK t(e entr, o' t(e $ecree is *$e ), t(e c(ie' clerk o' t(e ln$ re!istrtion n$ t(e entr, o' t(e certi&cte o' title is *$e ), t(e re!ister o' $ee$s T(e certi&cte o' title is iss"e$ in %"rs"nce o' t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion It s stresse$ t(t (t stn$s s t(e certi&cte o' t(e title is t(e trnscri%t o' t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion *$e ), t(e re!istrr o' $ee$s in t(e re!istr, re!istr, oreo.er it is onl, 'ter t(e trnscri%tion o' t(e $ecree ), t(e re!ister o' $ee$s t(t t(e certi&cte o' title is i s to tke eLect
ence n, title t(t trces its so"rce to @CT o 774 $te$ 1 A%ril 171 is .oi$ 'or s"c( *ot(er title is ine+istent T(e 'ct t(t C=T titles *$e s%eci&c re'erence to n @CT o 774 $te$ 1 A%ril 171 csts $o")t on t(e .li$it, o' s"c( titles since t(e, re'er to n ine+istent @CT @CT T(is error lone is i s in 'ct s"cient to in.li$te t(e C=T cli*s o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, i' sin!"lr relince is %lce$ ), t(e* on t(e $tes %%erin! on t(eir res%ecti.e titles T(e Co"rt (ere), ( ere), constit"tes S S%ecil %ecil Di.ision o' t(e Co"rt o' A%%els to (er t(e cse cse on re re*n *n$ $ In scert scertini inin! n! (ic( (ic( o' t(e conRic conRictin! tin! cli*s o' title title s(o"l$ s(o"l$ %re.il t(e S%ecil Di.ision is $irecte$ to *ke '"rt(er $eter*intions )se$ on t(e e.i$ence lre$, on recor$ n$ s"c( ot(er e.i$ence s *, )e %resente$ t t(e %rocee$in!s )e'ore it ;E/EF@/E t(e instnt cses re (ere), /EADED to t(e S%ecil Di.ision o' t(e Co"rt o' A%%els 'or '"rt(er %rocee$in!s
FACTS: Petitioner A$orcion /"Roe is t(e i'e o' An!el /"Roe no $ecese$ (ile co co-%e -%eti titio tioner ners s Al're Al're$o $o n$ n$ /o$ri! o$ri!o o re re t(eir t(eir c(il$ c(il$re ren n D"rin D"rin! ! t(e t(e *rr *rri i!e !e o' A$orcion n$ An!el t(e, c"ire$ 31-s"re *eter %rcel o' ln$ co.ere$ ), TCT o 40651 (ic( is t(e s")ect o' t(e %resent contro.ers, contro.ers, So*eti*e in 17 res%on$ent El.ir Delos /e,es 'or!e$ t(e si!nt"res o' A$orcion n$ An!el in Dee$ o' Sle $te$ Se%te*)er 17 to *ke it %%er t(t t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, s sol$ to (er ), t(e s%o"ses /"Roe @n t(e )sis o' t(e si$ $ee$ o' sle Delos /e,es e,es s"cce s"ccee$ e$e$ e$ in o)t o)tini inin! n! title title in (er (er n*e n*e TCT o o S-47 S-4733 33T T("s ("s in o.e*)er t(e /"Roes &le$'lsi&e$ co*%lint $*!es !inst t(ereon Delos /e,es lle!in! t(t177 t(e Dee$ o' Sles s t(e 'or si!nt"res si !nt"res %%erin! ere 'or!e$ )ec"se An!el /"Roe $ie$ in 174 (ic( s 'o"r 849,ers )e'ore t(e lle!e$ sle in '.or o' Delos /e,esD"rin! t(e %en$enc, o' t(e cse Delos /e,es sol$ t(e s")ect %ro%ert, to res%on$ent si)lin!s Anit An!elin An!eliton$ A*, 8B"r!os si)lin!s9 A ne title TCT o 13560 s t(en iss"e$ in t(eir n*esT(e B"r!os si)lin!s in t"rn sol$ t(e s*e %ro%ert, to t(eir "nt =eonr$ B"r!os oe.er t(e sle in '.or o' =eonr$ s not re!istere$ T("s no title s iss"e$ in (er n*e T(e s")ect %ro%ert, re*ine$ in t(e n*e o' t(e B"r!os si)lin!s (o lso contin"e$ %,in! t(e rel estte t+es t(ereonT(e /TC ren$ere$ its $ecision $eclrin! t(t t(e Dee$ o' Sle in '.or o' Delos /e,es s 'lsi&e$ s t(e si!nt"res o' t(e s%o"ses /"Roe ($ )een 'or!e$ T(e tril co"rt r"le$ t(t Delos /e,es $i$ not c"ire oners(i% oners(i % o.er t(e s")ect s") ect %ro%ert, %ro%ert, S"c( s t(e stte o' t(in!s (en t(e /"Roes &le$ t(eir co*%lint 'or Declrtion o' "llit, o' Contrct
n$ Cncelltiono' Trns'er Certi&cte o' Titles !inst res%on$ents =eonr$ n$ t(e B"r!os si)lin!s n$ Delos /e,es T(e tril co"rt ren$ere$ $ecision $eclrin! t(t =eonr$ n$ t(e B"r!os si)lin!s ere not innocent %"rc(sers 'or .l"e n$ $i$ not (.e )etter ri!(t to t(e %ro%ert, in "estion t(n t(e tr"e n$ le!l oners t(e /"Roes T(e tril co"rt lso (el$ t(t t(e s")se"ent con.e,nce o' t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, to =eonr$ ), t(e B"r!os si)lin!s s si*"lte$ to *ke it %%er t(t =eonr$ s )",er in !oo$ 'it( T(e CA re.erse$ n$ set si$e t(t o' t(e tril co"rt $eclrin! in t(e %rocess t(t res%on$ents ere %"rc(sers in !oo$'it( n$ 'or .l"e T("s t(is %etition ISSUE?S: 819 ;(et(er t(e sle o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, ), Delos /e,es to t(e B"r!os si)lin!s n$ t(e s")se"ent sle ), t(esi)lin!s to =eonr$ ere .li$ n$ )in$in!K n$ 829 ;(et(er res%on$ents ere innocent %"rc(sers in !oo$ 'it( n$ 'or .l"e $es%ite t(e 'or!e$ $ee$ o' sle o' t(eir trns'eror Delos /e,es E=D?/ATI@: Petit etitio ion n >rn >rnte te$ $ T(e iss"e iss"e co conc ncer ernin nin! ! t(e t(e .li$ .li$it it, , o' t(e t(e $ee$ $ee$ o' s sle le )eteen t(e /"Roes n$ Delos /e,es ($ lre$, )een resol.e$ it( &nlit, (ic( $eclre$ t(t t(e si!nt"res o' t(e lle!e$ .en$ors An!el n$ A$orcion /"Roe ($ )een 'or!e$ It is "n$is%"te$ t(t t(e 'or!e$ $ee$ o' sle s n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ con.e,e$ no title It is ell-settle$ %rinci%le t(t no one cn !i.e (t one $oes nott (.e no (.e ne*o ne*o $t $t "o$ "o$ non non ()e ()et t @n @ne e cn cn se sell ll onl, onl, (t (t one one ons ons or is "t(ori#e$ to sell n$ t(e )",er cn c"ire no *ore ri!(t t(n (t t(e seller cn trns'er le!ll, D"e to t(e 'or!e$ $ee$ o' sle Delos /e,es c"ire$ no ri!(t o.er t( t(e e s" s")e )ect ct %ro% %ro%er ert, t, (ic (ic( ( s(e co co"l$ "l$ co con. n.e, e, to t(e B"r! B"r!os os si)li si)lin!s n!s All All t(e t(e trnsctions s")se"ent to t(e 'lsi&e$ sle )eteen t(e s%o"ses /"Roe n$ Delos /e,es re likeise .oi$ incl"$in! t(e sle *$e ), t(e B"r!os si)lin!s to t(eir "nt =eonr$ As !enerl r"le e.er, %erson $elin! it( re!istere$ ln$ s in t(is cse *, s'el, rel, on t(e correctness o' t(e certi&cte o' title iss"e$ t(ere'or n$ ill in no , o)li!e (i* to !o )e,on$ t(e certi&cte certi&cte to $eter*ine $eter*ine t(e con$ition o' t(e %ro%ert, oe.er t(is r"le $*its o' n "nc(llen!e$ e+ce%tion: %erson $elin! it( re!istere$ ln$ (s ri!(t to rel, on t(e Torrens certi&cte o' title n$ to $is%ense it( t(e nee$ o' in"irin! '"rt(er e+ce%t (en t(e %rt, (s ct"l knole$!e o' 'cts n$ circ"*stnces t(t o"l$ i*%el reson)l, c"tio"s *n to *ke s"c( in"ir, or (en t(e %"rc(ser (s knole$!e o' $e'ect or t(e lck o' title in (is .en$or or o' s"cient 'cts to in$"ce reson)l, %r"$ent *n to in"ire into t(e stt"s o' t(e title o' t(e %ro%ert, in liti!tion T(is si*"lte$ sle is t(e (n$iork o' A*$o (o %%rentl, cte$ $.ise$l, to *ke it %%er t(t (is sister =eonr$ s t(e secon$ trns'eree o' t(e %ro%ert, is n innocent %"rc(ser 'or .l"e Since (e or (is c(il$ren co"l$ not
%l"si)l, ss"*e t(e st*% o' )",er in !oo$ 'it( 'ro* t(e 'or!er El.ir Delos /e,es
47
o-.o o-.o vs ,i%o, 3) SCRA 676 6/30/1)71 er,,o! Niezel
Fcts: @n J"ne 5 1763 t(e %lintiLs 8Po*,o9 &le$ in t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Pn!sinn 8Brnc( I t Ur$net Pn!sinn9 co*%lint lle!in! t(t t(e, re co-oners %ro-in$i.iso o' t(e %rcel o' ln$ $escri)e$ in t(e co*%lint (ic( is co.ere$ ), @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title o 107 in t(e n*e o' Die!o Po*,o iss"e$ ), t(e oce o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Pn!sinnK t(t t(e, ($ c"ire$ t(e ln$ s n in(eritnce in( eritnce 'ro* t(eir lte 't(er Die!o Po*,oK t(t t(e, n$ t(eir %re$ecessor-in-interest ($ )een in ct"l %ece'"l n$ "ninterr"%te$ %ossession o' si$ %ro%ert, in t(e conce%t o' oners 'or %erio$ o' *ore t(n 0 ,ers "ntil t(e erl, %rt o' t(e ,er 1756 (en t(e $e'en$nts $is%ossesse$ t(e* o' si$ %ro%ert, T(e $e'en$nts 8ni%on9 'ter $en,in! $en,in ! so*e o' t(e lle!tions o' t(e co*%lint lle!e$ t(t t(e, re t(e e+cl"si.e oners o' %rcel o' ln$ co.ere$ ), @ri!inl Cert Ce rti&c i&ct te e o' Title itle o o 1404 14043 3 iss"e iss"e$ $ ), t(e t(e oce oce o' t(e t(e /e!ist e!ister er o' Dee$s Dee$s o' Pn! n!sin sinn n t( t(e e s si$ i$ ln$ ln$ (.in (.in! ! )een )een $"$ $"$ic ict te$ e$ to t(e* t(e* in t(e t(e c c$ $st str rll %roce %rocee$in e$in!s !s o' t(e lsi lsi"e "e c$st c$stre re n$ t(t t(t %%r %%rent entl, l, t(e %linti %lintiLs Ls r re e cli*in! t(e s*e %rcel o' ln$ T(e $e'en$nts cli* t(e, ($ c"ire$ t(e ln$ *entio *en tione$ ne$ in t(eir t(eir nser nser ), in(erit in(eritnce nce 'ro* 'ro* t(eir t(eir $eces $ecese$ e$ 't(er 't(er Pio" Pio"into into ni%o n i%on n n$ t(t t(t t(e, t(e, n$ t(eir t(eir %re$ec %re$ecess essors ors-in-i -in-inte ntere rest st (.e (.e )een )een in ct" ct"l l %ec %e ce' e'"l "l n$ n$ $.e $.ers rse e %oss %osses essio sion n o' s si$ i$ ln$ ln$ 'or 'or *ore *ore t(n t(n 0 ,er ,ers s to t(e e+cl"sion o' %lintiLs Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e Title o 107 (el$ ), t(e %lintiLs-%%ellees 8Po*,o9 (ic( s iss"e$ in .irt"e o' t(e (o*este$ %tent s(o"l$ %re.il o.er t(e Title o 14034 (el$ ), t(e $e'en$nts-%%ellnts 8ni%on9 (ic( s iss"e$ in connection it( t(e c$strl %rocee$in!s el$: es es Title o 107 s(o"l$ %re.il T(e Co"rt (el$ t(e tril co"rt correctl, r"le$ t(t %lintiLXs @CT o 107 %re.ils o.er $e'en$ntsX @CT o 14034 t(e 'or*er (.in! )een iss"e$ on 2 o.e*)er 1731 or %rior to t(e iss"nce o' t(e ltter on 1 A%ril175 T(e %lintiLs %l intiLs )se ) se t(eir cli* o' title to t(e ln$ in "estion " estion on @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title o 107 iss"e$ to t(eir 't(er Die!o Po*,o on o.e*)er 2 1731 in .irt"e o' 'ree %tent t(t s !rnte$ to (i* @nce (o*este$ %tent !rnte$ in ccor$nce it( t(e P")lic =n$ Act is re!istere$ %"rs"nt to Section 122 o' Act 476 s *en$e$ t(e Certi&cte Title iss"e$ in .irt"eAct o' si$ %tent (s t(e 'orce n$ eLect o' Torrens Torrens Title "n$ero' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion
;(en one o' t(e to titles is (el$ to )e s"%erior o.er t(e ot(er one s(o"l$ )e $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ s(o"l$ )e or$ere$ cncelle$ An$ i' %rt, is $eclre$ to )e t(e oner o' %rcel o' ln$ %"rs"nt to .li$ certi&cte o' title si$ %rt, is entitle$ to t(e %ossession o' t(e ln$ co.ere$ ), si$ .li$ title T(e $ecree o' re re!is !istr trt tio ion n iss"e$ iss"e$ in t(e t(e c c$ $st str rll %roc %rocee ee$in $in!s !s $oes $oes not not (.e (.e t(e eLec eLectt o' nn"llin! t(e title t(t ($ %re.io"sl, )een iss"e$ in ccor$nce it( t(e %ro.isions o' t(e ln$ /e!istrtion = 8Act 4769
48
Bee vs ro
202414 6/4/2014 er,,o! Niezel
Fcts: /es%on$ent 8r$o9 s !rnte$ re!istere$ Free Ptent o 8I-29 1524 $te$ A%ril 26 177 co.erin! t(e =ot o 34 sit"te$ in P"ttin! (o, Siln! C.ite @n Fe)r"r, 1 1773 res%on$ent lle!e$l, con.e,e$ to %etitioner Jose%(ine ;ee t(ro"!( t(ro "!( Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle %ortion %ortion o' t(e si$ lot knon s =ot o 34-B 34-B 'or consi$ consi$er ertio tion n o' P2500 P250000 0000 00 (ic( (ic( s '"ll, '"ll, %i$ %i$ /es%on$e es%on$ent nt (oe.e (oe.err re'"se$ to .cte n$ t"rno.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, cli*in! t(t t(e lle!e$ sle s 'lsi&e$ Petit Pe tition ioner er t(t 8;ee9 8;ee9 n A%%lic A%%l ictio tion 'or "nre!istere$ @ri!in @ri!inll /e!istr e!isln$ trtio tion n o' %rcel %r o' ln$ lno' $ cli*in! s(e&le is t(e oner o' nsi$ ), .irt"e o'cel $ee$ )sol"te sle /es%on$ent &le$ otion to $is*iss t(e %%liction lle!in! t(t t(e ln$ $escri)e$ in t(e %%liction s $iLerent 'ro* t(e ln$ )ein! cli*e$ 'or titlin! T(e *otion s (oe.er $enie$ A *otion 'or reconsi$ertion n$ secon$ "r!ent *otion 'or reconsi$ertion ere s")se"entl, &le$ ), res%on$ent )"t )ot( ere $enie$ ), t(e /TC U%on %resenttion o' e.i$ence ), t(e %rties % rties t(e /TC /TC !rnte$ t(e %%liction %%li ction o' t(e %etitioner /es%on$ent &le$ *otion 'or reconsi$ertion (ic( s $enie$ ), t(e /TC (ence res%on$ent %%ele$ to t(e CA T(e CA (el$o'*on! ot(ers %etitioner sSection not )le to o' co*%l, it( t(e re"ire*ent %ossession n$ t(t occ"%tion "n$er 14 819 PD o 1527 er $*ission t(t t(e s")ect lot s not %(,sicll, t"rne$ o.er to (er $"e to so*e o)ections o)ections n$ o%%ositions o%%ositions to (er title s"!!este$ t(t s(e s not e+erci e+ercisin! sin! n, n , cts cts o' $o*in $o*inio ion n o.er o.er t(e t(e s")e s")ect ct %ro% %ro%ert ert, , n esse essent ntil il ele* ele*en entt in t(e t(e re"ire*ent n$ occ"%tion conte*%lte$ "n$er Section 14 819 o' PD PD o 1527 Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e %etitioner is entitle$ to t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s e.i$ence$ ), t(e lle!e$ $ee$ o' )sol"te sle n$ $es%ite res%on$ents %ossession o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, el$: o t(e %etitioner is not entitle$ to t(e s")ect %ro%ert, T(e Co"rt (el$ t(t t(e s")ect ln$ is lre$, re!istere$ "n$er @CT o @P-140 8Ptent o 04211-03-
61119 o' t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s o' C.ite "n$er t(e n*e o' res%on$ent Felici$$ r$o In $$ition t(e Co"rt (el$ t(t t(e %%licnts 'or re!istrtion re!istrtion o' title "n$er Section Section 1481 14 8199 *"st *"st s" s"c cien ientl tl, , est est)li )lis(: s(: 81 8199 t(t t(t t(e s" s")e )ect ct ln$ ln$ 'or* 'or*s s %rt %rt o' t(e t(e $is%os)le n$ lien)le ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*inK 829 t(t t(e %%licnt n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e s*eK n$ 839 t(t it is "n$er )on &$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlier 8/e%")lic . ni*ti* >/ o 167577 rc( 16 20119 T(e CA $enie$ t(e %%liction on t(e iss"e o' o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e s")ect ln$ It s o' t(e .ie t(t s(e co"l$ not (.e co*%lie$ it( t(e re"ire*e re"ire*ent nt o' %ossession %ossession n$ occ"%tion occ"%tion "n$er Sect Se ctio ion n 1481 148199 o' PD D o o 1527 1527 co consi nsi$er $erin! in! t(t t(t s(e $*i $*itt tte$ e$ t(t t(t it s s not not %(,sicll, t"rne$ o.er to (er
4)
C-%it vs ?ri%! et l# l# 1)&443 )/17/2014 er,,o! Niezel
Fcts: S")ect o' t(is cse is 2360 (ectre !ric"lt"rl ln$ sit"te$ in U*n!n n!tre* Pn!sinn %resentl, occ"%ie$ ), res%on$ents Isi$r B >ri% Pe$ro Br$i! n$ Se.erino Br$i! re%resente$ ), (is son /oln$o Br$i! )"t co.ere$ ), TCT o 12223 iss"e$ in t(e %etitioners n*e T(e %etitioner 8C*%it9 cli*e$ to (.e %"rc(se$ t(e %ro%ert, 'ro* (is 't(er Jose C*%it in 17 @n t(e ot(er (n$ res%on$ents 8>ri%9 cli*e$ to )e t(e ri!(t'"l oners o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s erlier $"$!e$ ), t(e co"rt in Ci.il Cse o 115 $eci$e$ on J"ne 12 1761 n$ in Ci.il Cse o 1535 $eci$e$ on A"!"st 17 T(e Co"rt in t(ese cses cncelle$ t(e titles o' t(e %etitioner n$ (is 't(er Jose )ec"s )ec "se e t(e, t(e, ere ere o)tine o)tine$ $ t(ro"! t(ro"!( ( t(e *isre%r *isre%rese esent nttio tion n o' t(e %etitio %etitioner ners s !rn$'t(er Isi$ro C*%it Iss"e: ;(et(er t(t t(e title o' t(e %etitioner to t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s(ll %re.il )ec"se t(e A"!"st 17 $ecision in Ci.il Cse o 1535 (ic( $eclre$ (is title n"ll n$ .oi$ s ne.er e+ec"te$ n$ "n$er t(e Torrens Torrens s,ste* o' re!istrtion certi&cte o' title is n in$e'esi)le n$ incontro.erti)le %roo' o' oners(i% o' t(e %erson in (ose '.or it s iss"e$ el$: o t(e title o' t(e %etitioner ill not %re.il T(e Co"rt (el$ t(e .li$it, o' %etitioners %etitio ners title (.in! )een settle$ it( &nlit, in Ci.il Cse o 1535 co"l$ no lon!er lon !er )e re re.ie .iee$ e$ Bec"s Bec"se e t(e $octrine $octrine o' re res s "$ic "$ict t %ro.i$e %ro.i$es s t(t t(t &nl &nl "$!*ent on t(e *erits ren$ere$ ), co"rt o' co*%etent "ris$iction "ris$i ction is concl"si.e s to t(e ri!(ts o' t(e %rties n$ t(eir %ri.ies n$ constit"tes s n )sol"te )r to s")se"ent ctions in.ol.in! t(e s*e cli* $e*n$ or c"se o' ction
T(e Co"rt lso (el$ t(t it cnnot llo t(e %etitioner to *intin (is title n$ )ene&t 'ro* t(e 'r"it o' (is n$ (is %re$ecessors 'r"$"lent cts t t(e e+%ense o' t(e res%on$ents (o re t(e ri!(t'"l oners o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, T(e Torrens s,ste* o' re!istrtion cnnot )e "se$ to %rotect "s"r%er 'ro* t(e tr"e oner nor cn it )e "se$ s s(iel$ 'or t(e co**ission o' 'r"$ or to %er*it one to enric( onesel' t t(e e+%ense o' ot(ers otit(stn$in! t(e in$e'esi)ilit, o' t(e Torrens title t(e re!istere$ oner cn still )e co*%elle$ "n$er t(e l to re-con.e, t(e %ro%ert, re!istere$ to t(e ri!(t'"l oner "n$er t(e %rinci%le t(t t(e %ro%ert, re!istere$ is $ee*e$ to )e (el$ in tr"st 'or t(e rel oner ), t(e %erson in (ose n*e it is re!istere$ An ction 'or re-con.e,nce )se$ on n i*%lie$ or constr"cti.e tr"st %rescri)es in ten 8109 ,ers 'ro* t(e iss"nce o' t(e Torrens title o.er t(e %ro%ert, T(ere is (oe.er n e+ce%tion to t(is r"le (ere t(e &lin! o' s"c( ction $oes not %rescri)e ie (en t(e %lintiL is in %ossession o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, t(e ction )ein! in eLect t(t o' "ietin! o' title to t(e %ro%ert, $oes not %rescri)e
&0
Re%u'lic vs =er 120 SCRA 210 ris! 9ele, .
1/27/1)83
Fcts: Pri.te res%on$ents Pri.te res%on$ents &le$ it( t(e loer co"rt n %%liction %%liction 'or re!istrtion re!istrtion o' title "n$er Act 476 o.er %rcels o' ln$ locte$ in t(e "nici%lit, o' ri.eles Btn T(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Btn con&r*e$ t(e titles to s")ect s" )ect %rcels o' ln$ n$ $"$icte$ t(e* in '.or o' t(e %ri.te res%on$ents Petitioner /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines &le$ it( t(e loer co"rt n o%%osition to t(e %%liction sttin! t(t t(e %rc % rcel el o' ln$ ln$ %%li %%lie$ e$ 'o 'orr is %ort %ortio ion n o' t(e t(e %")lic %")lic $o*in $o*in )elo )elon!i n!in! n! to t(e t(e /e%")lic not s")ect to %ri.te %%ro%rition Petitioner stresse$ t(t t(e ln$s in "estion cn no lon!er )e s")ect to re!istrtion ), .ol"ntr, %rocee$in!s 'or t(e, (.e (. e lre$ lre$, , )een )een s")ect s")ecte$ e$ to co*%"ls co*%"lsor, or, re re!ist !istrt rtion ion %rocee %rocee$in! $in!s s "n$er "n$er t(e C$strl Act Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e ln$s in "estion )ein! s")ect o' c$strl %rocee$in! *, )e s")ect o' %ri.te %%ro%rition in '.or o' t(e %ri.te res%on$ents el$?/tio: o In c$strl %rocee$in!s n, %erson cli*in! n, interest in n, %rt o' t(e ln$s o)ect o' t(e %etition is re"ire$ ), Section 7 o' Act o 2257 to &le n nser on or )e'ore t(e ret"rn ret"rn $, or it(in s"c( '"rt(er ti*e s s *, )e lloe$ ), t(e co"rt In t(e )sence o' s"ccess'"l cli*nts t(e %ro%ert, is $eclre$ %")lic ln$ In t(is cse %ri.te res%on$ents %%rentl, eit(er $i$ not &le t(eir nsers in t(e 'oresi$ 'ore si$ c$st c$strl rl %rocee %rocee$in!s $in!s or 'ile$ 'ile$ to s")stn s")stnti tite te t(eir t(eir cli*s cli*s o.er o.er t(e %ortions t(e, ere t(en occ"%,in! ot(erise titles o.er t(e %ortions s")ect o'
-i,tu, vs S S , Ag Agusti, 43 h hil# & && &8 ris! 9ele, .
6/22/2022
Fcts: T(e lot in "estion s $ecree$ in '.or o' %etitioner Florentino P*int"n ), t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! n$ t(t certi&cte o' si$ lot s t(ere"%on iss"e$ to (i* ), .irt"e o' t(e $ecision in ln$ re!istrtion cse In t(e *enti*e c$strl cse s instit"te$ D"e to t(e %etitioners 'il"re to cli* t(e lot t t(e tril o' t(e C$strl cse t(e si$ lot s r$e$ to t(e %ri.te res%on$ents Petitioner t(en %resente$ *otion to t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce skin! t(t t(e $ecision o' t(e co"rt in re!r$ to t(e lot in t(e C$strl cse )e set si$e n$ t(t t(e rit o' %ossession iss"e$ ), .irt"e o' si$ $ecision )e reclle$ Iss"e: ;(et(er &nl $ecree in n or$inr, ln$ re!istrtion cse cn )e set si$e ), s")se"ent $ecree o' t(e Co"rt in c$strl cse el$?/tio: o T(e title to t(e ln$ is '"ll, s ell settle$ n$ $"$icte$ it(in t(e *enin! o' t(e C$strl Act ), &nl $ecree in n or$inr, ln$ re!istrtion cse s it o"l$ )e ), si*ilr $ecree in C$strl cse @).io"sl, it cnnot (.e )een t(e intention o' t(e =e!islt"re to %ro.i$e s%ecil %rocee$in! 'or t(e settle*ent n$ $"$iction $"$ic tion o' titles titles lre$, settle$ settle$ n$ $"$icte$ $"$icte$ In t(is cse t(e s")se"ent s")se"ent &lin! o' c$strl cse $oes not !i.e t(e co"rt t(e "ris$iction to $ecree !in t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ lre$, $ecree$ in n erlier ln$ re!istrtion cse n$ secon$ $ecree 'or t(e s*e ln$ is n"ll n$ .oi$ T(e "ris$iction o' t(e co"rt in c$strl c cse ses s o.er o.er ln$ ln$s s lre lre$ $, , re re!is !iste tere re$ $ is li*it li*ite$ e$ to t(e t(e nece necess ssr r, , corr correc ectio tion n o' tec(nicl errors in t(e $escri%tion o' t(e ln$s
&2
Director of (,s vs stor 1 10 06 7/31/1)88 ris! 9ele, .
SCRA
426
Fcts: /es%on$ent n"el Pstor &le$ it( t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Btn!s n %%lic %% lictio tion n 'or con&r* con&r*ti tion on o' i*%er'e i*%er'ect ct tit title le o.er o.er t(irtee t(irteen n 8139 8139 lots lots sit"t sit"te$ e$ in >"lo$ n$ Pllocn Btn!s Cit, In (er %%liction t(e res%on$ent cli*s t(t s(e n$ (er %re$ecessors-in-interest ($ )een in contin"o"s "ninterr"%te$ o%en %")lic $.erse n$ notorio"s %ossession o' t(e lots "n$er cli* o' oners(i% 'or *ore *o re t( t(n n t( t(irt irt, , 83 8309 09 ,er ,ers s T(e Direc Directo torr o' = =n$s n$s &le$ &le$ n o%%o o%%osit sition ion to t(e t(e %%liction on t(e !ro"n$ t(t si$ lots ere $eclre$ %")lic ln$ in %re.io"s c$strl %rocee$in!
Iss"e: ;(et(er ln$s $eclre$ s %")lic ln$ in c$strl %rocee$in! *, still )e s")ect o' "$icil con&r*tion o' title el$?/tio: es es A "$icil $eclrtion t(t %rcel o' ln$ is %")lic $oes not %recl"$e e.en t(e s*e %%licnt %%licnt 'ro* 'ro* s")se"entl, s")se"entl, seekin! "$ici "$icill con&r*tio con&r*tion n o' (is title to t(e s*e ln$ %ro.i$e$ (e t(ere'ter co*%lies it( t(e %ro.isions o' Section 4 o' Co**onelt( Act o 141 s *en$e$ n$ s lon! s si$ %")lic ln$ re*ins lien)le n$ $is%os)le $i s%os)le 8no sections 3 n$ 4 PD PD o 1039
&3
Nvrro vs Director of (,s & 7/31/1)62 ?u! rvel A A, ,gel
SCRA
834
Fcts:
T(is is n %%el %% el ), Ancleto P P .rro t(e or$er Co"rt o'lots F First irstinInstnce o' nil $is*issin! (is %%liction 'or 'ro* re!istrtion o' o' 2 t(e resi$entil lte T(e Director o' =n$s inter%ose$ n o%%osition cli*in! t(t )ot( ln$s )elon! to t(e Stte .rro s")*itte$ n e.i$ence (erein t(e Director o' =n$s &le$ *otio *o tion n to $is*is $is*iss s on 2 !r !ro" o"n$s n$s:: 19 t(t t(t t(e t(e %%li %%lic cti tion on s s )rr )rre$ e$ ), %rio %riorr "$!*ent n$ 29 t(t t(e s*e s i*%ro%er s n %%liction 'or "$icil con&r*tion o' i*%er'ect title "n$er t(e P")lic =n$ l (ic( is onl, %%lic)le to %")lic !ric"lt"rl ln$s n$ not to t(ose (ic( re resi$entil in c(rcter
It %%ers t(t so*eti*e in 1750 t(e Director o' =n$s &le$ c$strl %rocee$in! in t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' nil to settle n$ $"$icte title to t(e s*e lots in "estion T(e Stte cli*e$ it s %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in Iss"e?s: ;(et(er t(e lots %%lie$ 'or re %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in or (.e so 'r )een %ossesse$ ), %%ellnt t(t (e *"st )e $ee*e$ to (.e c"ire$ title t(ereto (ic( is s"cient 'or re!istrtion in (is n*e< el$?/tio: T(e lots %%lie$ 'or re %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in T(e $eclrtion ), &nl "$!*ent in t(e c$strl %rocee$in! t(t t(e, re %")lic ln$s settle$ t(is iss"e It is r"le lon! '*ilir in t(is "ris$iction t(t ll ln$s re %res"*e$ to )e %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in t(t to o.erco*e t(is %res"*%tion e.i$ence *"st )e *ore t(n
*ere %re%on$ernce n$ t(t .!"e n$ in$ecisi.e %roo's re ins"cient e.en in t(e )sence o' o%%osition on t(e %rt o' t(e !o.ern*ent A%%ellnt .rro A%%ellnt .rro $*its t(t neit(er Cri$$ >"illen Corte# nor (er %re$ecesso %re$ecessors rs e.er $eclre$ t(e ln$ in "estion 'or t+tion %"r%oses An$ t(t none o' t(e* %i$ t+es on si$ ln$ In s%ite o' t(e .er*ent t(t t(e to lots in contro.ers, constit"te %ri.tel, one$ %ro%ert, t(e e.i$ence is "nni*o"s to t(e eLect t(t none o' t(e lle!e$ oners e.er $eclre$ t(e ln$ 'or t+tion %"r%oses one o' t( t(e* e* e.er e.er %i$ %i$ t t+ +es on t( t(e e %r %ro% o%er ert, t, It (s (s )een )een tr tr"t "t(' ('"l "ll, l, si$ si$ t( t(t t t t+ + $eclr $ec lrtio tions ns n$ t+ re recei cei%ts %ts consti constit"t t"te e e.i$enc e.i$ence e o' !ret !ret ei!(t ei!(t in s"%%ort s"%%ort o' %oss %o sses essi sion on or one oners rs(i% (i% An, oner oner t(e t(e *ost *ost i!nor i!norn ntt incl"$ incl"$e$ e$ kno knos s (is o)li!tion o' seein! to it t(t (is rel %ro%ert, is $eclre$ 'or t+tion %"r%oses n$ t(t (e re!"lrl, %, t(e t+es t(ereon
&4
(hor vs D.,ghir,g ?u! rvel A,gel
37 S SC CRA 346 1/30/1)71
FACTS: S%o"ses Frncisco l(or n$ Tori)i orli#on )ro"!(t t(is %%el to t(is co"rt 'ro* t(e or$er o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' D.o $is*issin! t(eir %etition it( t(e lot in iss"e 8=ot o 2229 on t(e !ro"n$ o' %re.io"s % re.io"s re!istrtion T(e recor$s s(o s( o t(t %%ellnts %etitione$ t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' D.o 'or re!istrtio re!is trtion n o' 7 %rcel %rcel o' ln$s locte$ locte$ in n, D.o ` o' (ic( s c"ire$ c"ire$ ), Tori) ori)i i or orli li#o #on n ), in in(e (eri rit tnc nce e n$ n$ t( t(e e ot(e ot(err (l' (l' ), %"r %"rc(s c(se e n$ n$ ), contin"o"s o%en %")lic n$ $.erse %ossession in t(e conce%t o' oner @ne o' t(e si$ %rcels %rcels o' ln$ s i$enti&e$ s lot no 222 222 S"c( %etition %etition s o%%ose$ ), E*ilio D,n!(irn! Jr cli*in! t(t t(e lot no 222 )elon!e$ to (i* in (is i'e co.ere$ ), @CT P-6055 in (is i'es n*e T(e Director o' =n$s lso lle!e$ t(t t(e %%licnts %%licnts ne.er ($ s"cient title o.er t(e ln$s nor (.e t(e, )een o%en contin"o"s n$ notorio"s %ossession 'or t lest 30 ,ers ISSUE?S: 81 8199 ;(et ;(et(e (err t(e %te %tent nt iss"e iss"e$ $ to t(e t(e i'e i'e o' E*ili E*ilio o D,n D,n!( !(ir irn! n! Jr Jr s ell ell s t(e ori!inl certi&cte o' title o)tine$ ), (er ere n"ll n$ .oi$< 829
;(et(e ;(et(err t(e t(e s*e s*e lot lot cn )e t(e t(e s")ect s")ect o' to re re!ist !istrt rtion ion %rocee %rocee$in! $in!s< s<
/ATI@?S: 819 o t(e %tent %tent n$ n$ ori!i ori!inl nl cert certi&c i&cte te o' o' title title iiss" ss"e$ e$ to D,n!( D,n!(ir irn! n! Jrs Jrs i'e i'e is .li$ T(e r"le in t(is "ris$iction re!r$in! %")lic ln$ %tents n$ t(e c(rcter o' t(e certi&cte o' title t(t *, )e iss"e$ ), .irt"e t(ereo' is t(t (ere ln$ is !rnte$ ), t(e !o.ern*ent to %ri.te in$i.i$"l t(e corres%on$in! %tent t(ere'or is recor$e$ n$ t(e certi&cte o' title is iss"e$ to t(e !rntee T(ere'ter t(e ln$ is "to*ticll, )ro"!(t it(in t(e o%ertion o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act t(e title iss"e$ to t(e !rntee )eco*in! entitle$ to ll t(e s'e!"r$s %ro.i$e$ in Section 3
o' t(e si$ Act In ot(er or$s "%on e+%irtion o' one ,er 'ro* its iss"nce t(e certi&cte o' title s(ll )eco*e irre.oc)le n$ in$e'esi)le like certi&cte iss"e$ in re!istrtion %rocee$in! 829
o t(e s*e s*e lot lot cnn cnnot ot )e t(e t(e s")e s")ect ct o' 2 re!is re!istr trtio tion n %roc %rocee$i ee$in!s n!s
In t( t(e e %r %res esen entt cse cse =ot =ot o o 222 222 s s re!is e!iste terre$ n$ n$ titl title$ e$ in t( t(e e n*e n*e o' o%% o%%osi ositor tors s re!istrtion i'e i'e s o' 21 J"ne J"nes*e 1756 1756 nine nine o' 879ln$ ,ers erlier ero.e*)er lier Clerl Clerl, , %%ell %%ellnts %etition 'or o' t(e %rcel on 26 1765 on nts t(e !ro"n$ t(t t(e &rst certi&cte o' title 8@CT o P60539 co.erin! t(e si$ % %ro%ert, ro%ert, is n"llit, cn no lon!er %ros%er @r$erl, $*inistrtion o' "stice %recl"$es t(t =ot 222 o' t(e n, C$stre s(o"l$ )e t(e s")ect o' to re!istrtion %rocee$in!s .in .in! ! )eco )eco*e *e re re!is !iste tere re$ $ ln$ ln$ "n$er "n$er Act Act 476 476 'or 'or ll ll le!l le!l %"r%o %"r%ose ses s ), t(e t(e iss"nce o' t(e %")lic ln$ %tent n$ t(e recor$in! t(ereo' '"rt(er re!istrtion o' t(e s*e o"l$ le$ to t(e o).io"sl, "n$esir)le res"lt o' to certi&ctes o' title )ein! iss"e$ 'or t(e s*e %iece o' ln$ e.en i' )ot( certi&ctes s(o"l$ )e in t(e n*e o' t(e s*e %erson An$ i' t(e, ere to )e iss"e$ to $iLerent %ersons t(e in$e'esi)ilit, o' t(e &rst title (ic( is t(e *ost .l"e$ c(rcteristics o' Torrens Titles o"l$ )e torn , , For t(is reson t(e S"%re*e Co"rt (s r"le$ in P*int"n .s Sn A!"stin 43 P(il 55 t(t in c$strl cse t(e co"rt (s no "ris$iction to $ecree !in t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ lre$, $ecree$ in n erlier cse n$ t(t secon$ $ecree 'or t(e s*e ln$ o"l$ )e n"ll n$ .oi$
&&
Re%u'lic vs A;ui,o 120 SCRA 186 ?u! rvel A,gel
1/27/1)83
Fcts i.encio % An!eles &le$ n %%liction o' re!istrtion o' title o.er %rcel o' ln$ in Sn teo /i#l it( t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l (erein n o%%osition s &le$ ointl, ), ictorino Pere# n$ Dionisio Conr$o Jose icnor =o"r$es n$ T Trini$$ rini$$ ll s"rn*e$ St ri n$ in$i.i$"ll, ), Feli+ =oren#o s re%resentti.e t(e !ro"n$s (eirs o' o' ictor =oren#o Un'ort"ntel, t(eir s $is*isse$ @ne o' o' t(e t(e o%%osition s t(t t(e si$ lot o%%osition s $eclre$ %")lic ln$ ), t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l T(e s*e lot s lso s")ect o' (o*este$ %%liction &le$ ), >on#lo =oren#o (erein (e sol$ s"c( %ro%ert, to i.encio P An!eles O (o s lso !rnte$ it( (is (o*este$ %%liction n$ it($re s"c( 'or t(e %%liction o' t(e re!istrtion on t(e si$ %ro%ert, %ro%ert, Iss"e ;(et(er t(e loer co"rt erre$ in ss"*in! "ris$iction o.er t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' title n$ in r"lin! t(t t(e %%licnt-res%on$ent i.encio P An!eles (s re!istr)le title o.er t(e lot in "estion< /tio
es es t(e loer co"rt erre$ in ss"*in! "ris$iction o.er t(e %%lictition 'or re!istrtion ' title n$ in r"lin! t(t i.encio An!els (s re!istr)le title o.er t(e lot In t(e &rst %lce in =n$ /e!istrtion Cse o 1176 >=/@ /ec 502 entitle$ GIs)elo =oren#o et l .s T(e Director o' =n$s et l t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l ($ lre$, $eclre$ s")ect %ro%ert, s %")lic ln$ T(t t(e $ecision ($ lon! )eco*e &nl n$ t(ere'ore cnnot )e $ist"r)e$ n,*ore on t(e !ro"n$ o' res "$ict An$ /e%")lic Act 731 $oes not %%l, to %ersons cli*in! title to ln$ (ic( (s )een $eclre$ %")lic ln$ in n or$inr, re!istrtion %rocee$in! T(e 'ct t(t (e ($ &le$ (o*este$ %%liction o.er t(e %ro%ert, is n $*ission t(t t(eir %ossession s not in t(e conce%t o' n oner
Fcts: T(e s")ect ln$ s con.e,e$ ), B C /e!l$o to DBT t(ro"!( t( ro"!( $cion en %!o 'or ser.ices ren$ere$ @n J"ne 24 1772 t(e res%on$ents /icre$o Pnes n$ (is sons &le$ co*%lint 'or "ietin! o' title it( $*!es n$ %etition 'or in"nction !inst ! inst /e!l /e!l$o $o n$ DBT )ec"s )ec"se e t(e trns' trns'er erre re$ $ ln$ ln$ co.er co.ere$ e$ t(e PnesX nesX lot (ic( t(e, lle!e$ s e+cl"si.el, t(eirs In t(e co*%lint /icre$o lle!e$ t(t (e is t(e l'"l oner o' t(e co.ere$ %ortion (ic( (e ($ $eclre$ 'or t+tion %"r%oses in (is n*e /es%on$ents cli*e$ t(t /icre$o n$ (is i**e$ite '*il, ( ($ $ )een )een n$ n $ still still re rt(e e in2n$ ct" ct"l l %oss %or sses essio sion n its o' %rt t(e t(e s")ec s") ecttlle!e$ %ro% %ro%er ert, t, n$ n t( eir %ossession %rece$e$ orl$ For DBT t(t it$ist(eir t(e le!iti*te oner n$ occ"%nt o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, 'ter t(e, re!istere$ t(e s*e *on! ot(er $e'enses /icre$o Pnes insists t(t $es%ite DBTs re!istrtion o' t(e TCT (e (s c"ire$ t(e ln$ t(ro"!( c"isiti.e %rescri%tion Iss"es: ;(et(er title to re!istere$ ln$ *, )e c"ire$ t(ro"!( %rescri%tion el$: o /es%on$e o es%on$ents ntsXX cli* cli* o' c c"is "isiti iti.e .e %rescr %rescri%ti i%tion on o.er o.er t(e s")ec s")ectt %ro%e %ro%ert, rt, is )seless Un$er Article 1126 o' t(e Ci.il Co$e c"isiti.e %rescri%tion o' oners(i% o' ln$s re!istere$ "n$er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act s(ll )e !o.erne$ ), s%ecil ls Correlti.el, Act o 476 s *en$e$ ), PD o 1527 %ro.i$es t(t no title to re!istere$ ln$ in $ero!tion o' t(t o' t(e re!istere$ oner s(ll )e c"ire$ ), $.erse %ossession In t(e instnt cse %roo' o' %ossession ), t(e res%on$ents is i**teril n$ inconse"entil
60 (o,o. vs Secretr. of Agrri, Refor18& 11/27/2008 ?,chero! evi, e,
&72
SCRA
Fcts: A'ter (er ("s)n$ >re!orio $ie$ ilri T)"clin sol$ t(eir con"!l ln$ to Deleste i il lri ri $i $ie$ e$ so soon on 'te 'terr n$ n$ (er (er )rot )rot(er (er-in -in-l -l J" J"n n s s %%o %%oint inte$ e$ s s% s%ec eci ill $*inistrtor o' t(e estte to!et(er it( oel s re!"lr $*inistrtor oe.er oell co"l$ oe co"l$ not tke %ossessio %ossession n o' t(e s")ect s")ect %ro%ert, %ro%ert, s it s it( Deleste Deleste l lre re$ $, , (enc (ence e (e &l &le$ e$ n ctio ction n 'o 'orr re.ers e.ersio ion n o' titl title e T(e cse cse re rec c(e (e$ $ t(e t(e S"%re*e Co"rt (ic( r"le$ in '.or o' oel n$ (el$ t(t Deleste is onl, entitle$ to
` o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s ilri is onl, entitle$ to t(e s*e since t(e %ro%ert, is con"!l T(e, ere $"$!e$ s co-oners s s t(eir (eirs (o 'ile$ to %rtition t(e ln$ Portio ortions ns o' t( t(e e s" s")e )ect ct %ro% %ro%er ert, t, s s e+%r e+%ro% o%ri rite te$ $ n$ n$ r r$e$ $e$ to 'r* 'r*er er-)ene&c )en e&cir iries ies "n$er "n$er @%ert @%ertion ion =n$ =n$ Trns'er rns'er B"t since since Delest Deleste e (s lon! lon! sinc since e %sse$ %s se$ , , it( t(e ln$ ln$ re re*i *inin! nin! "n%rt "n%rtitio itione$ ne$ *on! *on! (is (eirs (eirs t(e "st co*%enstion cnnot )e r$e$ T(e (eirs o' co-oners t(en &le$ n ction 'or t(e cncelltion o' t(e E*nci%tion Ptents !i.en to 'r*er-)ene&ciries s t(e r$in! s $one it(o"t s"cient notice to t(e* Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e certi&ctes o' title *, )e cncelle$ )ec"se o' DA/s 'il"re to iss"e s"cient notice el$: o A ce o cert rti&c i&ct te e o' title title )eco )eco*e *es s in$e' in$e'e esi si)le )le n$ n$ incon incontr tro. o.er erti ti)le )le "%on "%on t(e t(e e+%irtion o' one ,er 'ro* t(e $te o' t(e iss"nce o' t(e or$er 'or t(e iss"nce o' t(e %tent s in t(e %resent %resent cse =n$ co.ere$ co.ere$ ), s"c( title *, no lon!er )e t(e s")ect *tter o' c$strl %rocee$in! nor cn it )e $ecree$ to not(er %erson A'ter t(e e+%irtion o' t(e one ,er %erio$ %erson (ose %ro%ert, (s )een ron!l, or erroneo"sl, re!istere$ in not(ers n*e *, )rin! n or$inr, ction 'or recon.e,nce or i' t(e %ro%ert, (s %sse$ into t(e (n$s o' n innocent %"rc(ser 'or .l"e Section 32 o' t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree !i.es %etitioners onl, one ot(er re*e$, ie to &le n ction 'or $*!es !inst t(ose res%onsi)le 'or t(e 'r"$"lent re!istrtion
61
$',ez vs <AC 1)4 SCRA 743 ?,chero! evi, e,
3/6/1))1
Fcts: /es%on$ent @"no s )le to sec"re (o*este$ %tents o.er t(e s")ect ln$ A'ter co*%l,in! it( ll t(e re"ire*ents (e s iss"e$ n ori!inl certi&cte o' title e occ"%ie$ t(e ln$ n$ (r.este$ its 'r"its 'or 17 ,ers "ntil %etitioner to!et(er it( (is sons conteste$ (is oners(i% n$ 'orce'"ll, took %ossession o' t(e si$ ln$ eLecti.el, e.ictin! @"no Petitioners lle!e$ t(t t(e Director o' ln$s ($ iss"e$ r"lin! '.or)le to t(e* s t(e tr"e oners n$ t(t @"no snt in ct"l %ossession o' t(e ln$ s (e $i$ not (.e (o"se )"ilt on it Iss"e: ;(et(e ;(et (err @"n @"no os s title title *, *, )e re re.o .ok ke$ on t(e t(e )sis )sis o' t(e t(e Direc Directo torr o' ln$ ln$s s $ecision el$: o It s erroneo"s 'or %etitioners to "estion t(e Torrens @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title iss"e$ to %ri.te res%on$ent o.er =ot o 76 76 in Ci.il Cse o 61 n or or$inr, $inr, ci.il ction 'or reco.er, o' %ossession &le$ ), t(e re!istere$ oner o' t(e si$ lot
), in.okin! s r*ti.e $e'ense in t(eir nser t(e @r$er o' t(e B"re" o' =n$s $te$ J"l, 17 17 iss"e$ %"rs"nt to t(e in.esti!tor, %oer o' t(e Director o' =n$s "n$er Section 71 o' P")lic =n$ = 8CA 141 s *en$e$9 S"c( $e'ense %rtkes o' t(e nt"re o' collterl ttck !inst certi&cte o' title )ro"!(t "n$er t(e o%ertion o' t(e Torrens s,ste* o' re!istrtion %"rs"nt to Section 122 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act no Section 103 o' PD PD 1257 T(e cse l l on t(e *tter $oes not lloT(e collterl t(e Torrens certi&cte t(e ot(erise !ro"n$ o' ct"l 'r"$ r"le nottck &n$s on e+%ression in Section 4 o' o' title PDon 1527 knon s t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree In t(e instnt cse t(e %")lic ln$ certi&cte o' title iss"e$ to %ri.te res%on$ent ttine$ t(e stt"s o' in$e'esi)ilit, one 819 ,er 'ter t(e iss"nce o' %tent on A%ril 15 1763 (ence it is no lon!er o%en to re.ie on t(e !ro"n$ o' ct"l 'r"$ Conse"entl, t(e &lin! o' t(e %rotest )e'o )e 'orre t( t(e e B"r B"re" e" o' =n$ =n$s s !i !ins nstt t( t(e e o*e o*est ste e$ $ A%%l A%%lic ict tio ion n o' %r %ri. i.t te e res%on$ent on Jn"r, 3 175 or 12 ,ers 'ter cn no lon!er reo%en or re.ise t(e %")lic ln$ certi&cte o' title on t(e !ro"n$ o' ct"l 'r"$ o reson)le n$ %l"si)le e+c"se (s )een s(on 'or s"c( n "n"s"l $el, T(e l ser.es t(ose (o re .i!ilnt n$ $ili!ent n$ not t(ose (o slee% (en t(e l re"ires t(e* to ct
FACTS: /es%on$ents (o re t(e $escen$nts o' P)lo Psc" 8P)lo9 &le$ co*%lint seekin! recon.e, recon.e,nce nce o' %rcel %rcel o' ln$ sit"te$ sit"te$ in C)it"!n C)it"!n S")ic ]*)les T(e %ro%ert, ($ lre$, )een sol$ ), P)lo $"rin! (is li'eti*e to Alen$ri r"ine# n$ /estit"to orles T(e, lle!e$ t(t P)lo $ie$ intestte n$ s s"r.i.e$ ), (is 'o"r c(il$ren one o' (o* s t(e $ecese$ Ci%rino (o $eclre$ (i*sel' s t(e onl, (eir o' P)lo n$ con&r*e$ t(e sles *$e ), t(e $ece$ent $"rin! (is li'eti*e incl"$in! t(e lle!e$ sle o' t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, to s%o"ses /o$ol'o S")se"entl, t(e s%o"ses /o$ol'o sol$ t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, to %etitioner ), .irt"e o' Dee$ o' Sle it( ort!!e @n t(e ot(er (n$ Petitioner &le$ *otion to $is*iss t(e co*%lint on t(e !ro"n$s t(t t(e ction is )rre$ ), t(e Stt"te o' =i*ittions T(e /TC !rnte$ %etitioners *otion to $is*iss otin! t(t res%on$ents ($ ne.er cli*e$ nor est)lis(e$ t(t t(e, (.e )een in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ t(t t(e, $i$ not %resent n, e.i$ence to s(o t(t %etitioner (s not )een in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, eit(er t(e /TC %%lie$ t(e $octrine t(t n ction to "iet title %rescri)es (ere t(e %lintiL is not in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, T(e tril co"rt 'o"n$ t(t t(e co*%lint %er its lle!tions %resente$ cse o' i*%lie$ or constr"cti.e tr"st on t(e %rt o' Ci%rino (o ($ incc"rtel, cli*e$ to )e t(e sole (eir o' P)lo in t(e $ee$ o' e+tr"$icil settle*ent o' estte (ic( le$ to t(e iss"nce o' TCT o T- 241 in (is '.or U%on %%el t(e Co"rt o' A%%els re.erse$ t(e tril co"rts $ecision ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e sle o' t(e %ro%ert, s .li$ E=D: ES It is i s )sic t(t %erson $elin! it( re!istere$ %ro%ert, nee$ not !o )e,on$ )"t onl, (sis to on t(ect title (is %re$ecessor-in-interest Qt(e ct o' re!istrtion t(erel, o%erti.e to o' con.e, or Lect t(e ln$ inso'rSince s t(ir$ %ersons
re concerne$Q it 'ollos t(t (ere t(ere is not(in! in t(e certi&cte o' title to in$icte n, clo"$ or .ice in t(e oners(i% o' t(e %ro%ert, or n, enc"*)rnce t(ereon t(e %"rc(ser is not re"ire$ to e+%lore 'rt(er t(n (t t(e Torrens title "%on its 'ce in$ictes in "est 'or n, (i$$en $e'ect or inc(ote ri!(t t(t *, s")se"entl, $e'et (is ri!(t t(ereto It is eno"!( t(t %etitioner ($ e+*ine$ t(e ltest certi&cte o' title (ic( in t(is cse s iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' t(e i**e$ite trn trns' s'er eror or )"t t( t(e e onl, s%o"se s%o"ses /o$ol o$ ol'o 'o T(e T(e o' %"rc %"title rc(s (ser er t(e is not no t )o"n$ )o"n$ t(e t(e or ori!i nll certi&cte ), st(e certi&cte o' %erson 'ro*),(o* (ei!in ($ %"rc(se$ t(e %ro%ert, /e!istrtion in t(e %")lic re!istr, is notice to t(e (ole orl$ or l$ E.er, E.er, con.e, con.e,nc nce e *ort! *ort!!e !e lese lese lien lien ttc( ttc(*en *ent t or or$er $er "$!*ent "$!*ent instr"*ent or entr, Lectin! re!istere$ ln$ s(ll )e i' re!istere$ &le$ or entere$ in t(e @ce o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' t(e %ro.ince or cit, (ere t(e ln$ to (ic( it reltes lies )e constr"cti.e notice to ll %ersons 'ro* t(e ti*e o' s"c( re!isterin! &lin! or enterin!
6&
,g,i', vs D.rit 464 SCRA 370 ?o,zles! (iezel
7/28/200&
FACTS: T(e %etitioners lle!e$ t(t t(e, re t(e %ossessors n$ oners o' =ot 1436 (ic( t( t(e, e, in(er in(erit ite$ e$ 'ro* 'ro* t(e t(e lte lte J"n J"n n$ n$ Ines Ines Pn! n!ni) ni)n n 't( 't(er er n$ n$ $"!( $"!(te terr res%ecti.el, T(e oners $"%licte co%, o' @CT o 64 co.erin! =ot 1436 ($ )een lost )"t "%on %etition it( t(e tril co"rt ), Erlin$ Pc"rs 8one o' t(e (eirs n$ %etitioner (erein9 (erein9 t(e tril co"rt !rnte$ t(e %etition %etition T(e /e!ister /e!ister o' Dee$s o' is*is @rientl iss"e$ n oners $"%licte co%, to Erlin$ Petition Petit ioners ers '"rt(e '"rt(err lle!e lle!e$ $ t(t t(t "nknon "nknon to t(e* t(e* certi certin n Cristo Cristo)l )l Slce$o Slce$o sserte$ oners(i% o.er =ot 1436 n$ )elie.in! it s "nre!istere$ sol$ %ortion o' it to res%on$ent T(e ltter $isco.ere$ t(t (t s(e ($ )o"!(t s re!istere$ ln$ Un)le to nnotte t(e $ee$ o' sle t t(e )ck o' t(e @CT res%on$ent 'r"$"lentl, &le$ %etition 'or iss"nce o' t(e oners co%, o' si$ title T(is %etition lle!e$ t(t t(e co%, iss"e$ to Erlin$ s lost in t(e &re It s !rnte$ n$ t(eco /e!ister iss"e$ noners certi&cte (ic( (i c( cont nti ine$ ne$ o' t(e t(eDee$s nno nnot ttio tion n o' oti otice ce $"%licte o' A$ A$.e .ers rse e Cli* Cli* &le$ <o e$ res%on$ent ), Er Erlin lin$ $ (erein it is lle!e$ in %rt t(t Erlin$ is one o' t(e l'"l (eirs o' J"n n$ Ines t( t(e e re re!is !iste terre$ one oners rs o' t(e t(e %ro% %ro%ert ert, , n$ n$ s( s(e e (s (s le!it le!iti* i*te te cli* cli* t(er t(eret eto o oreo.er %etitioners lle!e$ t(t t(e nel, iss"e$ oners $"%licte certi&cte to res%on$ent s %re"$icil to t(eir %re.io"sl, iss"e$ title (ic( is still in e+istence @n t(e ot(er (n$ res%on$ent lle!e$ t(t =ot 1436 s sol$ ), t(e %etitioners n$ t(eir 't(er (ic( s co.ere$ ), Dee$ o' De&nite Sle n$ Slce$o c*e into oners(i% Slce$o sol$ t(e %ro%ert, to res%on$ent ISSUE: 819
;(et ;(et(e (err or not not t(e t(e %eti %etittio ione ners rs $"%l $"%lic ic te cer erti ti&c &c te o' title itle is .li .li$ $ n$
s")sistin! 829 ;(et(e ;(et(err or not t(e %etitio %etitioner ners s re re entitl entitle$ e$ to to t(e t(e %osse %ossessio ssion n o' t(e %ro%e %ro%ert, rt,
E=D: 819 T(e CA corr correct ectl, l, r"le$ r"le$ t(t t(t t(e $"%lic $"%licte te certi&c certi&cte te o' title title on %etitio %etitioners ners %ossession is .li$ n$ s")sistin! T(e Co"rt ($ lre$, r"le$ in Serr Serr . CA t(t i' certi&cte o' title (s not )een lost )"t is in 'ct in t(e %ossession o' not(er not( er %erson t(e reconstit reconstit"te$ "te$ title is .oi$ n$ t(e co"rt ren$erin! ren$erin! t(e $ecision $ecision (s not c"ire$ "ris$iction o.er t(e %etition 'or iss"nce o' ne title Since t(e oners $"%licte co%, o' @CT o 64 erlier iss"e$ to Erlin$ is still in e+istence t( t(e e lo loe err co"r co"rtt $i $i$ $ not not c" c"ir ire e " "ri ris$ s$ic icti tion on o.er o.er res%o es%on$ n$en ent ts s %eti %etiti tion on 'or 'or re reco consti nstit"t t"tion ion o' tit title le T(e $"%lic $"%licte te certi& certi&c cte te o' title title s")se" s")se"ent entl, l, iss"e$ iss"e$ to res%on$ent is t(ere'ore .oi$ n$ o' no eLect 829 T(e Co"rt r"les in t(e ne!ti.e Petitioners re no lon!er entitle$ to reco.er %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, ), .irt"e o' t(e e"it)le $e'enses o' lc(es In o"r "ris$iction it is n ens(rine$ r"le t(t e.en re!istere$ oner o' %ro%ert, *, )e )rre$ 'ro* reco.erin! %ossession o' %ro%ert, ), .irt"e .irt" e o' lc(es T(e %etitioners inction 'or 45 ,ers re$"ce$ t(eir ri!(t to reco.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, into stle $e*n$
66
0e/3i uc? so v, sz? 1 1/ 1e )&(6 les!%o (i (i,eizel 100
hil#
277
FACTS: Free %tent o 3677 s iss"e$ o.er t(e ln$ s")ect o' t(e ction in t(e n*e o' Do*in!o ei (ic( s trnscri)e$ in t(e @ce o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' "e. i#c, n$ certi&cte o' title o 30 iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' Do*in!o ei A'ter t(e iss"nce o' t(e %tent )"t )e'ore t(e re!istrtion o' t(e s*e ei $ee$e$ t(e ln$ to ]cris Ciscr U%on (is $et( t(e %ro%ert, s incl"$e$ in t(e $istri)"tion $istri)"t ion o' (is estte n$ $"$icte$ $"$icte$ to /o"e /o"e Snc(e# Snc(e# sol$ t(e ln$ to An$res >*%oni Do*in!o ei "%on (is $et( le't (is )rot(er Pe$ro ei (o is s"r.i.e$ ), (is $"!(ter Concor$i ei $e ="cs T(e co"rt "o (el$ t(t t(e sle ), t(e %tentee to ]cris Ciscr is n"ll n$ .oi$ s t(e sle s *$e onl, 11 $,s 'ter t(e iss"nce o' %tent in .ioltion o' t(e %ro.isions o' section 35 o' Act o 726 It '"rt(er (el$ t(t since t(e ln$ is re!istere$ ln$ no title in $ero!tion to t(t o' t(e re!istere$ oner co"l$ (.e )een c"ire$ eit(er ), ]cris Ciscr or Snc(e# n$ >*%oni T(e *in $e'ense is i s %lintiLs ri!( ri!(tt o' ction (s lre$, %rescri)e$ ), .irt"e o' t(e %ossession o' t(e ln$ ), t(e $e'en$nt n$ (is %re$ecessors in interest 'or %erio$ o' 3 ,ers T(is $e'ense s o.err"le$ ), t(e co"rt "o on t(e !ro"n$ t(t s t(e ln$ is re!istere$ it( certi&cte o' title in t(e n*e o' %tentee Do*i Do *in!o n!o ei ei title title t(ere t(ereto to *, *, not not )e c"i c"ire re$ $ ), t(e t(e $e'e $e'en$ n$nt nt n$ n$ (is %re$ecessors in interest !inst si$ re!istere$ oner T(is r"lin! is e.i$entl, )se$ on Sect Sectio ion n 46 o' t(e t(e = =n$ n$ /e!ist e!istr rti tion on Act Act (ic (ic( ( %ro. %ro.i$e i$es s t(t t(t Gno titl title e to
re!istere$ ln$ in $ero!tion to t(t o' t(e re!istere$ oner s(ll )e c"ire$ ), %rescri%tion or $.erse %ossession ISSUE: ;(et(er or not ei $e ="cs is entitle$ to t(e %ro%ert, E=D: T(e Co"rt r"le$ in t(e ne!ti.e ;(ile no le!l $e'ense to t(e ction lies n e"it)le one lies in '.or o' t(e $e'en$nt $e'en$ nt n$ t(t is t(e e"it)le e"it)le $e'ense o' lc(es o (ol$ t(t t(e $e'ense o' %rescri%tion or $.erse %ossession in $ero!tion o' t(e title o' t(e re!istere$ oner Do*in!o ei $oes not lie )"t t(t o' t(e e"it)le $e'ense $e'ense o' lc(es lc(es @t(erise stte$ e (ol$ t(t (ile $e'en$nt *, not )e consi$ere$ s (.in! c"ire$ title ), .irt"e o' (is n$ (is %re$ecessors lon! contin"e$ %ossession 'or 3 ,ers t(e ori!inl oners ri!(t to reco.er )ck t(e %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ t(e title t(ereto 'ro* t(e $e'en$nt (s ), t(e lon! %erio$ o' 3 ,ers n$ ), %tentees inction n$ ne!lect )een con.erte$ into stle $e*n$ It is to )e note$ t(t ll t(e co*%lictions o"l$ ne.er ($ )een occsione$ ($ t(e ori!inl %tentee n$ (is s"ccessors in interest not sle%t on t(eir ri!(ts 'or *ore t(n !enertion A$$ to t(is t(e 'ct t(t t(e ori!inl con.e,nce *$e ), t(e %tentee is not )sol"tel, n"ll n$ .oi$ T(e %ro(i)ition !inst t(e sle o' 'ree %tents is 'or %erio$ o' se.en ,ers 8Section 35 Act o 7269 'ter t(t %erio$ o' ti*e %tentee o"l$ )e 'ree to $is%ose o' t(e ln$ ;it(in se.en ,ers 'ro* t(e con.e,nce t(e ori!inl %tentee co"l$ (.e )ro"!(t n ction to reco.er )ck (is %ro%ert, Since not(in! o' t(is sort s $one ), (i* it s certinl, nt"rl 'or t(e %"rc(se to (.e ss"*e$ t(t t(e ori!inl %tentee !.e "% (is ri!(t to reco.er )ck t(e %ro%ert, n$ c"iesce$ in .en$ees ri!(t n$ title T(e s"ccessor in interest o' t(e ori!inl %"rc(ser *"st lso (.e )elie.e$ in !oo$ 'it( t(t t(e %tentee n$ (is s"ccessors in interest ere reconcile$ to t(e i$e o' lloin! t(e %ro%ert, to st, in t(e (n$s o' t(e s"ccessors in interest
67 ,oto: v vs s *o *or;ue o or ,oto: vs vs C( C(" R Re elt.F &82 SCRA &8 &83 12/18/2008 Sevill! = =iictor E--,uel 68
?regorio Ar,et vs R"C ?o,zles! (iezel
&80 SCRA &32
3/4/200)
FACTS: T(e >on#les or ,silo estte in i n l)on /i#l s e+%ro%rite$ ), t(e /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines it( t(e "n$erstn$in! t(t t(e >o.ern*ent o"l$ resell t(e %ro%ert, to its occ"%nts oe.er $"e to its 'il"re n$ its instr"*entlit, PC t(e occ"%nts n$ tennts o' t(e estte &le$ co*%lint to co*%el PC to sell to t(e tennts t(eir res%ecti.e occ"%ie$ %ortions o' t(e >on#les estte
T(e >re!orio Arnet Uni.ersit, Uni.ersi t, Fo"n$tion 8>AUF9 so"!(t to inter.ene in t(e cse on t(e !ro"n$ t(t 52 tennts o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ Arnet Instit"te o' A!ric"lt"re enter ent ere$ e$ into Gs" Gs"n$" n$"n nH (ere (ere), ), t(e 'or*er 'or*er con.e, con.e,e$ e$ to t(e ltter ltter %riorit %riorit, , ri!(ts to %"rc(se %ortion o' t(e estte In t(e )sis o' t(is Gs"n$"nH co*%ro*ise !ree*ent s $"l, %%ro.e$ ), t(e co"rt Incl"$e$ in t(is co*%ro*ise !ree*ent re =ots 5 n$ 54 r$e$ to >re!orio B*on$e Inci$entll, it %%ers t(t on t(e )sis o' t(e Gs"n$"nH n$ t(e 'or!e$ co*%ro*ise Arnet Uni.ersit, s )le to re!ister in its n*e it( t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Cloocn Cit, TCT o C-24153 'or =ots 5 n$ 54 (ic( ($ )een r$e$ to >re!orio B*on$e @n t(e ot(er (n$ t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent )eteen Arnet Uni.ersit, n$ t(e tennt ten nts s s $eclr $eclre$ e$ n"ll n$ .oi$ .oi$ 'or )ein! )ein! 'or!er, 'or!er, n$ t(e %rti %rtill $ec $ecisio ision n ren$ere$ in ccor$nce t(ereit( s likeise $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ o' no 'orce n$ eLect T(e loer co"rt or$ere$ t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Cloocn Ci Cit, t, to cncel t(e title o' >AUF n$ to iss"e ne TCT o.er =ots 5 n$ 54 in t(e n*e >re!orio B*on$e or (eirs n$ or$ere$ t(e Clerk o' Co"rt to iss"e rit o' %ossession in '.or o' >re!orio B*on$e or (eirs >AUF &le$ it( t(e CA %etition 'or nn"l*ent o' t(e Joint @r$er lle!in! t(t t(e tin or$ers in "estion ere iss"e$ ), t(e tril co"rt it(o"t "ris$iction T(e CA $enie$ t(e %etition ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e tril co"rt (s "ris$iction to iss"e t(e Joint @r$er (ic( $irecte$ t(e cncelltion o' t(e %etitioners title o.er =ot 54 n$ 5 E=D: T(e Co"rt &n$s t(e %etition "n*eritorio"s An ction or %rocee$in! is $ee*e$ n ttck on title (en t(e o)ect o' t(e ction is to n"lli', t(e title n$ t("s c(llen!e t(e "$!*ent %"rs"nt to (ic( t(e title s $ecree$ T(e ttck is $irect (en t(e o)ect o' t(e ction is to nn"l or set si$e s"c( "$!*ent or enoin its en'orce*ent @n t(e ot(er (n$ it is in$irect or collterl (en in n ction or %rocee$in! to o)tin $iLerent relie' n ttck on t(e "$!*ent is ne.ert(eless *$e s n inci$ent t(ereo' ere (ile it *, )e tr"e t(t Ci.il Cse o C60 s ori!inll, n ction 'or s%eci& s%e ci&c c %er'or* %er'or*nc nce e n$ $*!e $*!es s nonet( nonet(eles eless s t(e cse cse cnnot cnnot consti constit"t t"te e collterl ttck on t(e %etitioners title (ic( to )e!in it( s irre!"lrl, n$ il ille le! !ll ll, , is iss" s"e$ e$ It )er )ers s str stressi essin! n! t( t(t t t( t(e e so"r so"rce ce o' >AUF >AUFs s titl title e s s t( t(e e Co*%ro*ise A!ree*ent %"r%orte$l, e+ec"te$ ), >re!orio B*on$e et l (ic( ere $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$ ;ell settle$ is t(e r"le t(t t(e in$e'esi)ilit, o' title $oes not ttc( to titles sec"re$ ), 'r"$ n$ *isre%resenttion In .ie o' t(ese circ"*stnces it s s i' no title t ll s e.er iss"e$ in t(is cse to t(e
%etitioner %etitio ner n$ t(ere'o t(ere'ore re t(is t(is is (r$l, (r$l, t(e occsion occsion to tlk tlk o' collt collter erll ttc ttck k !inst title T(e Co"rt !ree it( t(e CA t(t t(e tril co"rt ($ "ris$iction to nn"l %etitioners title It *"st )e e*%(si#e$ t(t notit(stn$in! notit(stn$in! t(e ori!inl ori!inl $eno*intion $eno*intion o' t(e si$ ction s one 'or s%eci&c %er'or*nce n$ $*!es it s %etitioner >AUF no less (ic( so"!(t to inter.ene in Ci.il Cse o C60 n$ cli*e$ t(t it (s ri!(ts or inter interest ests s in t(e s")ect s")ect *tter *tter )ein! )ein! liti!t liti!te$ e$ t(ere t(erein in It is "n$eni "n$eni)le )le t(t t(t %etitioners TCT s iss"e$ in en'orce*ent o' %rtil $ecision in Ci.il Cse o C60 As it ere t(e .li$it, o' %etitioners title s n iss"e liti!te$ in Ci.il Cse o C60 on cco"nt o' t(e %resenttion t(erein o' t(e Co*%ro*ise A!ree*ent (ic( to stress s t(e s%rin!)or$ o' %etitioners title ence (en t(t s*e Co*%r Co* %ro*i o*ise se A!ree* A!ree*ent ent n$ t(e Prtil rtil Decisio Decision n in connec connectio tion n t(ere t(ereit( it( ere ere e.ent"ll, n"lli&e$ t(e tril co"rt cte$ .er, *"c( it(in its "ris$iction in or$erin! t(e cncelltion o' %etitioners title in t(e s*e Ci.il Cse o C60
6) ,o vs (i#=ictori
614 SCRA &14
3/)/2010 5ulo!
Fcts: icente =i* &le$ n ction in t(e /TC %etition 'or t(e reconstit"tion o' t(e oners $"%licte co%, o' t(e @CT lle!in! it (s )een lost $"rin! t(e ;orl$ ;r II ), (is *ot(er ="is T(e ln$ s sol$ to ="is ), t(e s%o"ses Die!o @no n$ Este'ni A%s T(e $ee$ e.i$encin! t(e sle ($ )een lost it(o"t )ein! re!istere$ Antonio @no t(e onl, le!iti*te (eir o' t(e s%o"ses e+ec"te$ notri#e$ con&r*tion o' s sle le in '.o '.orr o' ="is ="is ]osi* ]osi*o o @no @no n$ n$ Teo&s eo&sto to @no @no o%%o o%%ose se$ $ =i*s =i*s %etit %etitio ion n cont co nten en$i $in! n! t( t(t t t( t(e, e, ($ ($ t( t(e e cert certi& i&c cte te o' titl title e in t( t(ei eirr %oss %osses essi sion on s t( t(e e s"cc s"cces esso sors rs-i -inn-in inte terrest est o' t( t(e e S%o" S%o"se ses s @no @no =i* =i* con. con.er erte te$ $ t( t(e e %eti %etiti tion on 'or 'or reconstit"tion into co*%lint 'or "ietin! o' title sttin! t(t (e ($ )een in t(e ct"l %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, since 173 c"lti.tin! n$ $e.elo%in! it eno,in! its 'r"its n$ %,in! t(e t+es o' t(e ln$ /TC ren$ere$ "$!*ent in '.or o' =i* /TC or$ere$ t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Ce)" to re!ister t(e ln$ in '.or o' ="is =i* T(e loer co"rt 'o"n$ t(t =i* ($ )een in %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e ln$ since 173K t(t t(e %ossession ($ ne.er )een $ist"r)e$ ), @noK t(t =i* $eclre$ t(e lot in t(eir n*e 'or t+tion %"r%osesK t(t =i* %i$ t(e t+ relte$ to itK n$ t(t t(e si!nt"re o' Antonio @no on con&r*tion o' sle $oc"*ent s !en"ine @n t(e %%el CA r*e$ t(e $ecision o' /TC CA r"le$ t(t t(e ction 'or "ietin! o' ti titl tle e s s not not coll collt ter erl l )"t )"t $i $irrect ect tt ttck ck on t( t(e e titl titleK eK n$ n$ t( t(t t =i* =i*s s "n$ist"r)e$ %ossession ($ !i.en t(e* contin"in! ri!(t to seek t(e i$ o' t(e co"rts to $eter*ine t(e nt"re o' t(e $.erse cli* o' t(ir$ %rt, n$ its eLect on t(eir on title T(e CA correcte$ t(e /TC ), or$erin! t(t t(e @ce o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Ce)" Cit, iss"e ne $"%licte certi&cte o' title in t(e n*e o' ="is consi$erin! t(t t(e oners $"%licte s still intct in t(e %ossession o' t(e @no Iss"es:
1 ;(et(er ;(et(er or or not not t(e t(e .li$it, o' t(e @CT co"l$ )e collterll, collterll, ttck ttcke$ e$ t(ro"! t(ro"!( ( n or$inr, ci.il ction to "iet titleK 2 ;(et ;(et(e (err or not not t(e t(e one oners rs(i% (i% o.er o.er re re!is !iste tere re$ $ ln$ ln$ co"l$ co"l$ )e lost lost ), %rescri%tion lc(es or $.erse %ossessionK 3 3
;(et(er or not t(ere s $ee$ o' o' sle e+ec"te$ e+ec"te$ ), S%o"ses @no in '.or o'
="is n$ (et(er or not si$ $ee$ s lost $"rin! ;orl$ ;r IIK 4 ;(et(er or not t(e con&r*tion o' sle e+ec"te$ ), Antonio in '.or o' ="is e+iste$K n$ /"lin!: T(e Co"rt r"le$ in '.or o' =i* n$ $eclre$ t(t t(e %etition (s no *erit Action 'or cncelltion o' title is not n ttck on t(e title T(e ttck is $irect (en t(e o)ecti.e is to nn"l or set si$e s"c( "$!*ent or enoin its en'orce*ent @n t(e ot(er (n$ t(e ttck is in$irect or collterl (en in n ction to o)tin $iLerent relie' n ttck on t(e "$!*ent is ne.ert(eless *$e s n inci$ent t(ereo' =i* s ssertin! onl, t(t t(e e+istin! title re!istere$ in t(e n*e o' t(e %etitioners %re$ecessors ($ )eco*e ino%erti.e $"e to t(e con.e,nce in '.or o' =i*s *ot(er n$ res"ltntl, s(o"l$ )e cncelle$ =i* $i$ not t(ere), ssil t(e .li$it, .li$it , o' @CT or c(llen!e t(e "$!*ent ), (ic( t(e title o' t(e lot in.ol.e$ in.ol.e$ ($ )een $ecree$ Prescri%tion s not rele.nt Prescri%tion in !enerl is *o$e o' c"irin! or losin! oners(i% n$ ot(er rel ri!(ts t(ro"!( t(e l%se o' ti*e in t(e *nner n$ "n$er t(e con$itions li$ $on ), l oe.er %rescri%tion s not rele.nt to t(e $eter*intio $eter*intion n o' t(e $is%"te (erein consi$erin! consi$erin! t(t =i* $i$ not )se (is ri!(t o' oners(i% on n $.erse %ossession o.er certin %erio$ e insiste$ (erein inste$ t(t title to t(e ln$ ($ )een .ol"ntril, trns'erre$ ), t(e re!istere$ oners t(e*sel.es to ="is (is %re$ecessor % re$ecessor-in-interest -in-interest =i* s(oe$ t(t (is *ot(er ($ $eri.e$ "st title to t(e %ro%ert, ), .irt"e o' sleK t(t 'ro* t(e ti*e ="is ($ c"ire$ t(e %ro%ert, in 173 s(e ($ tken o.er its %ossession in t(e conce%t o' n oner n$ ($ %er'or*e$ (er o)li!tion ), %,in! rel %ro%ert, t+es on t(e %ro%ert, s e.i$ence$ ), t+ $eclrtions iss"e$ in (er n*eK n$ t(t in .ie o' t(e $eli.er, o' t(e %ro%ert, co"%le$ it( ="iss ct"l occ"%tion o' it ll t(t re*ine$ to )e $one s t(e iss"nce o' ne trns'er certi&cte o' title in (er n*e
70
R Ri io> o>e elt lth h i, i,, ,ce ce vs l lil ileo eo 1) 1)7 7S SCR CRA A2 24& 4& 5ulo! #=ictori #=ictori
Fcts: T(e $e'en$nt s%o"ses Enri"e Cstro n$ er*ini / Cstro sol$ to %lintiL%%ellee %%elle e n"elito n"elito Plileo Plileo 8%ri.te res%on$ent res%on$ent (erein9 %rcel %rcel o' "nre!ister "nre!istere$ e$ cocon"t ln$ T(e sle is e.i$ence$ ), notri#e$ Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle T(e $ee$ s not re!istere$ in t(e /e!istr, o' Pro%ert, 'or "nre!istere$ ln$s Since t(e e+ec"tion o' t(e $ee$ o' sle %%ellee n"elito Plileo e+erc e+ercise$ ise$ cts o' oners(i% oners( i%
o.er t(e ln$ t(ro"!( (is *ot(er /'el Plileo s $*inistrtri+ or o.erseer A%%ellee (s contin"o"sl, %i$ t(e rel estte t+es on si$ ln$ 'ro* 171 "ntil t(e %resent In not(er ci.il cse "$!*ent s ren$ere$ !inst Enri"e Cstro n$ s $irecte$ ), t(e /CT to %, /$ioelt( Finnce Co*%n, A rit o' e+ec"tion s iss"e$ T(e Pro.incil Pro.incil S(eriL sol$ t %")lic "ction t(e s")ect ln$ t(t $e'en$nt Enri"e Cstro ($ sol$ to %%ellee n"elito Plileo A certi&cte o' sle s e+ec" e+ ec"te$ te$ ), t(e Pr Pro.i o.inci ncill S(eriL S(eriL in '.or '.or o' $e'en$ $e'en$ntnt- %%ell %%ellnt nt /$io /$ioel elt( t( Finnce Co*%n, )ein! t(e onl, )i$$er A'ter t(e %erio$ o' re$e*%tion (s e+%ire$ $ee$ o' &nl sle s lso e+ec"te$ ), t(e s*e Pro.incil S(eriL Bot( t(e certi&cte o' sle n$ t(e $ee$ o' &nl sle ere re!istere$ it( t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s T(e Pri.te res%on$ent n"elito Plileo &le$ n ction 'or "ietin! o' title o.er t(e s*e A'ter tril on t(e *erits t(e co"rt "o " o ren$ere$ $ecision in (is '.or @n %%el t(e $ecision o' t(e tril co"rt s r*e$ Iss"e: As )eteen t(e to )",ers o' "nre!istere$ ln$ (o is t(e ri!(t'"l oner 8t(e &rst )",er in %rior sle t(t s "nrecor$e$ or t(e secon$ )",er (o %"rc(se$ t(e ln$ in n e+ec"tion sle (ose trns'er s re!istere$ in t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s9< /"lin!: Plileo (s t(e )etter ri!(t o.er t(e ln$ T(ere is no $o")t t(t ($ t(e %ro%ert, in "estion )een re!istere$ ln$ t(is cse o"l$ (.e )een $eci$e$ in '.or o' %etitioner since it s %etitioner t(t ($ its cli* &rst recor$e$ recor$e$ in t(e /e!istr, /e!istr, o' Dee$s It *"st )e stresse$ (oe.er t(t t(is cse $els it( %rcel o' "nre!istere$ ln$ n$ $iLerent set o' r"les %%lies T(e Co"rt r* t(e $ecision o' t(e CA Un$er Act o 3344 re!istrtion o' instr"*ents Lectin! "nre!istere$ ln$s is Git(o"t %re"$ice to t(ir$ %rt, it( )etter ri!(tH T(e 'ore"ote$ %(rse (s )een (el$ ), t(is Co"rt to *en t(t t(e *ere re!istrtio re!is trtion n o' sle in ones '.or '.or $oes not !i.e (i* n, ri!(t o.er t(e ln$ i' t(e .en$or s not n,*ore t(e oner o' t(e ln$ (.in! %re.io"sl, sol$ t(e s*e to so*e)o$, else e.en i' t(e erlier sle s "nrecor$e$ It s (el$ t(erein t(t Article 1544 o' t(e Ci.il Co$e (s no %%liction to ln$ not re!istere$ "n$er Act o 476 Section 35 /"le 37 o' t(e /e.ise$ /"les o' Co"rt t(e Co"rt (el$ t(t Article 1544 o' t(e Ci.il Co$e cnnot )e in.oke$ to )ene&t t(e %"rc(ser t t(e e+ec"tion sle t(o"!( t(e ltter s )",er in !oo$ 'it( n$ e.en i' t(is secon$ sle s re!istere$ It s e+%line$ t(t t(is is )ec"se t(e %"rc(ser o' "nre!istere$ ln$ t s(eriLs e+ec"tion sle onl, ste%s into t(e s(oes o' t(e "$!*ent $e)tor n$ *erel, c"ires t(e ltterXs interest in t(e %ro%ert, sol$ s o' t(e ti*e t(e %ro%ert, s le.ie$ "%on A%%l,in! t(is %rinci%le t(e CA correctl, (el$ t(t t(e e+ec"tion sle o' t(e "nre!istere$ ln$ in '.or o' %etitioner is o' no eLect )ec"se t(e ln$ no lon!er )elon!e$ to t(e "$!*ent $e)tor s o' t(e ti*e o' t(e si$ e+ec"tion sle Fin$in!s o' 'ct o' t(e CA re concl"si.e on t(is Co"rt n$ ill not )e $ist"r)e$ "nless t(ere is !r.e )"se o' $iscretion $iscretion T(e &n$in! o' t(e CA t(t t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, in
"estion s lre$, sol$ to %ri.te res%on$ent ), its %re.io"s oner )e'ore t(e e+ec"tion sle is e.i$ence$ ), $ee$ o' sle Si$ $ee$ o' sle is notri#e$ n$ is %res"*e$ "t(entic T(ere is no s")stnti.e %roo' to s"%%ort %etitioners lle!tion t( t(t t t( t(e e $oc" $oc"*e *ent nt is &ctit &ctitio io"s "s or si*" si*"l lte te$ $ T(ere T(ere is no re res son on to re reec ectt t(e t(e concl"sion o' t(e CA t(t %ri.te res%on$ent s not *ere $*inistrtor o' t(e %ro%e %ro%ert, rt, T(t T(t (e e+er e+ercis cise$ e$ cts cts o' oners oners(i% (i% t(r t(ro"! o"!( ( (is *ot(er *ot(er lso lso re re*i *ins ns "n$is%"te$
71
*er,'e vs Court of A%%els 7/21/2008 5ulo! #=ictori
&&)
SCRA
&3
Fcts: Titn Constr"ction Cor%ortion &le$ cse )e'ore t(e /TC !inst %etitioners %re$ecessor-in-interest %re$ecessor -in-interest Antonio A ntonio F F Bern)e n$ (is si)lin!s Ptricio F F Bern)e Jose F Bern)e n$ Cecili Bern)e Pere# (o re co-oners o' n "n$i.i$e$ one-(l' s(re in to %rcels o' ln$ locte$ in Prn"e T(e Dee$ o' Sle o' /el Estte is entere$ into ), Titn n$ t(e $e'en$nts A co*% co*%ro ro*i *ise se !r !ree*e ee*ent nt s s s")s s")se e"e "ent ntl, l, ente enterre$ into into ), Titn itn n$ n$ t( t(e e re*inin! $e'en$nts (ere), t(e ltter !ree$c"se to t(eo' sle o' t(eir in t(e %ro%erties to Titn n$ i.e$ (te.er ction 'or one-(l' $*!ess(re t(e, *i!(t (.e !inst ec( ot(er B, .irt"e o' t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent si*ilr Dee$s Dee $s o' Con$it Con$ition ionll Sle Sle ere ere se%rt se%rtel, el, enter entere$ e$ into ), re res%o s%on$en n$entt Titn Titn s .en$ee n$ $e'en$nts Ptricio Cecili n$ Antonio s .en$ors o' t(eir "n$i.i$e$ s(res in t(e to %ro%erties T(e t(ree $ee$s ere si*ilrl, or$e$ n$ contine$ t(e s*e ter*s n$ con$itions n$ $iLere$ onl, s to t(e *o"nt o' t(e %"rc(se %rice De'en$nt Jose n$ Antonio $ie$ Titn s")se"entl, &le$ s"%%le*entl co*%lint l lle le!in !in! ! t( t(t t Anto Antonio nio ($ ($ lre lre$ $, , re rece cei.e i.e$ $ s" s")st )stn nti till %ort %ortio ion n o' t(e t(e $on $on %,*ent 'or t(e sle o' (is s(re in t(e %ro%ertiesK t(t %rior to (is $et( Antonio e+ec"te$ SPA in '.or o' (is to c(il$ren Jose III n$ S(irle, Ann e*%oerin! t(e* to e+ec"te in (is '.or t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle in.ol.in! (is s(re in t(e %ro%ertiesK t(t on t(e )sis o' t(e $ee$ it *$e $$itionl s")stntil $.nces on t(e %"rc(se %rice n$ e.en e+%en$e$ certin *o"nts to stis', t(e "$!*ent $e)t o' Antonio in Ci.il Cse o 72-232K t(t t(e (eirs o' Antonio re'"se$ to e+ec"te t(e 'or*l $ee$ o' sleK n$ t(t t(ro"!( its e+cl"si.e eLorts t(e one-(l' s(re o' t(e ori!inl $e'en$nts in )ot( %ro%erties s se!re!te$ n$ TCT o 673 co.erin! t(e s*e s s s")se"entl, iss"e$ T(e tril co"rt "%(el$ t(e .li$it, o' )ot( t(e Dee$ o' Sle o' /el Estte n$ t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle It (el$ t(t t(ere s no )sis to rescin$ t(e contrcts since %etitioners ($ not %ro.en t(t Titn ($ 'ile$ to co*%l, it( its "n$ertkin! "n$e "n $err t( t(e* e* T(e T(e /TC *o$i *o$i&e &e$ $ t( t(e e $eci $ecisi sion on s%ec s%eci' i',i ,in! n! t( t(t t in .ie .ie o' t( t(e e co*%ro*ise !ree*ents entere$ into ), Titn n$ $e'en$nts Ptricio n$ Cecili t(e $ecision s(o"l$ )e ren$ere$ !inst t(e (eirs o' Antonio Accor$in!l, si$ (eirs ere or$ere$ to e+ec"te re!istr)le Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle o.er t(e one-t(ir$ one-t(i r$ 81?39 s(re o' Antonio in t(e %ro%ert, co.ere$ ), TCT o 673 o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s
o' Prn"e %"rs"nt to t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle "%on Titns %,*ent to t(e* o' t(e *o"nt o' P34310542 re%resentin! t(e )lnce o' t(e %"rc(se %rice Petitioners %%ele$ t(e /TC $ecision to t(e Co"rt o' A%%els T(e %%el s $is*isse$ in t(e Decision $te$ 22 Jn"r, 2002 n$ t(e /TC /TC $ecision s r*e$ in toto Petitioners conten$in! t(t t(e Dee$ o' Sle o' /el Estte n$ Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle re contrcts to sell n$ not contrcts o' sle lle!e t(t Titn (s no c"se o' c ctio tion n to &le t(e co*%li co*%lint nt 'or s%eci&c s%eci&c %er'or %er'or*n *nce ce since since it 'ile$ 'ile$ to %, t(e %"rc(se %rice in '"ll s !ree$ "%on in t(e contrcts T(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle (ic( (i c( nece necess ssr ril, il, s"%er s"%erse se$e $e$ $ n$ n$ n"lli n"lli&e &e$ $ t(e t(e Dee$ Dee$ o' Sle Sle o' /e ell Es Est tte te e+%resse$ t(is intent *ore clerl, (en it stte$ t(t "%on '"ll %,*ent o' t(e %"rc(se %"rc (se %rice en$or en$or s(ll e+ec"te e+ec"te t(e necessr, necessr, Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle in '.or o' en$ee trns'errin! n$ con.e,in! ll (is "n$i.i$e$ s(res in t(e %ro%erties Titn $is*isses %etitioners cli* Inste$ it relies on t(e $eclrtion o' t(e Co"rt o' A%%els t(t t(ere s %er'ecte$ contrct o' sle o' rel estte e.i$ence$ ), t(e Dee$ o' Sle o' /el Estte oe.er Titn e+%o"n$s si$ contrct s not in t(e 'or* re"ire$ t(e n$ so )le t(e $ee$ co"rts )elo r*in! it n$ re re"ir "irin! in! 'or %etitio %etre!istrtion itioners ners to "n$er e+ec" e+ec"te te l re re!ist !ister er)le $ee $ si*%l, si* %l, in 'ollo 'olloe$ e$ t(e %ro.isions o' t(e Ci.il Co$e !o.ernin! t(e 'or* o' contrcts %rtic"lrl, Articles 1356 135 n$ 135 Titn $$s t(t it is onl, "%on t(e e+ec"tion o' re!ister)le $ee$ o' sle t(t '"ll %,*ent %,*ent o' t(e consi$ertio consi$ertion n s(o"l$ )e *$e n$ t(t since t(e contrct still (s to )e %"t in re!ister)le 'or* s re"ire$ ), l t(ere is not(in! ,et to rescin$ Iss"es: 81 8199 Un$er Un$er $ee$ $ee$ o' o' con$i con$iti tion onl l sle sle o' o' %rc %rcel el o' ln ln$ $ *, *, t(e t(e .en .en$e $ee e co*% co*%el el t(e .en$ors to e+ec"te re!ister)le $ee$ o' sle )se$ on t(e lle!tion t(t it ($ ( $ %i$ %i$ s")s s")st tnt nti ill %ort %ortio ion n o' t( t(e e P1 *ill *illio ion n $on $on %,* %,*en entt o' t( t(e e to tot tll consi$ertion o' P10000000 (ere it s e+%ressl, sti%"lte$ t(t t(e .en$ors o"l$ e+ec"te t(e necessr, $ee$ o' )sol"te sle in '.or o' t(e .en$ee onl, "%on '"ll %,*ent< 829 , t(e .en$or .en$ors s in $ee$ $ee$ o' co con$it n$ition ionl l sle sle sk 'or re resci scissio ssion n o' contr contrct ct 'or 'il"re o' t(e .en$ee to %, in '"ll t(e !ree$ consi$ertion< /"lin!: T(e %etition is $enie$ /es%on$ent Titn Constr"ction Cor%ortion is @/DE/ED to PA %etitioners eirs o' Antonio F Bern)e n$ %etitioners re @/DE/ED to ACCEPT t(e %,*ent n$ t(ere"%on EECUTE t(e %ro%er $ee$ o' )sol"te sle Bot( %rties re @/DE/ED to C@P= it( t(e ot(er sti%"ltions in t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle /tio: o Petitioners cnnot sk 'or rescission o' t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle since it (s )een %ro.en t(t 'r 'ro* .ioltin! t(e con$itions o' t(e $ee$ Titn s re$, n$
illin! to %er'or* %er'or* its contrct" contrct"ll o)li!tions o)li!tions T(t t(e )lnce )lnce ($ not ,et )eco*e )eco*e $"e n$ $e*n$)le is res"lt o' t(e %%el 'ro* t(e /TC n$ CA $ecisions n$ is not $"e to Titns lle!e$ re'"sl to co*%l, it( t(e contrct Accor$in!l, t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle re*ins .li$ )"t %etitioners cnnot )e co*%elle$ ), s%eci&c %er'or*nce to e+ec"te t(e $ee$ o' )sol"te sle in '.or o' Titn "ntil n$ "nless Titn settles t(e )lnce o' t(e %"rc(se %"rc(se %rice s !ree$ "%on T(e (ole essence o' co*%ro*ise is t(t ), *kin! reci%rocl concessions t(e %rties .oi$ liti!tion or %"t n en$ to one lre$, co**ence$ A co*%ro*ise !ree*ent !re e*ent cn )e entere$ entere$ into it(o"t no.tin! no.tin! or s"%%lntin! s"%%lntin! e+istin! e+istin! contrcts contrcts )"t in t(is cse t(e irreconcil)le inco*%ti)ilit, )eteen t(e Dee$ o' Sle o' /el Estte n$ t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle ine.it)l, res"lte$ in e+tincti.e no.tion T(e $iLerence )eteen contrcts o' sle n$ contrcts to sell is rele.nt In contrct o' sle t(e title to t(e %ro%ert, %sses to t(e .en$ee "%on t(e $eli.er, o' t(e t(in! sol$K in contrct to sell oners(i% is ), !ree*ent reser.e$ in t(e .en$or n$ is not to %ss to t(e .en$ee "ntil '"ll %,*ent o' t(e %"rc(se %rice @t(e @t (eri rise se st stt te$ e$ in co cont ntr rct ct o' sle sle t(e t(e .en$o .en$orr loses loses one oners rs(i% (i% o.er o.er t(e t(e %r %ro% o%er ert, t, n$ n$ cnn cnnot ot reco. eco.er er it "nti "ntill n$ n$ "nle "nless ss t( t(e e cont contr rct ct is resol esol.e .e$ $ or rescin$e$K (eres in contrct to sell title is retine$ ), t(e .en$or "ntil '"ll %,*ent o' t(e %rice In t(e ltter contrct %,*ent o' t(e %rice is %ositi.e s"s%ensi.e con$ition 'il"re o' (ic( is not )rec( )"t n e.ent t(t %re.ents t(e o)li!tion o' t(e .en$or to con.e, title 'ro* )eco*in! eLecti.e Titn (s c"se o' ction since it (s lre$, %rtill, %rtill , %er'or*e$ t(e contrct ), ), *kin! $on n$ ot(er %,*ents on t(e %"rc(se %rice s ell s eLectin! n$ s%en$in! 'or t(e se!re!tion n$ titlin! o' t(e s(res o' %etitioners n$ t(eir cooner o ners s in t( t(e e %ro% %ro%er ertie ties s Titn itn seek seeks s onl, onl, to en'o en'orc rce e t(e t(e cont contr rct ct T(e &r &rst st con$it con$ition ion ie ie t(t t(t Eri)ert Eri)ert De.elo De.elo%*e %*ent nt Cor%or Cor%orti tion on *"st *"st !ree !ree to *ke *ke t(e .en$ors s(re %ertin to t(e nort(ern (l' o' t(e %ro%erties s $ee*e$ '"l&lle$ it( t(e se!re!tion n$ titlin! o' t(e interests o' Antonio Ptricio n$ Cecili "n$er TCT o 673 T(e se%rtion o' t(e %ro%ert, % ro%ert, s re!istere$ on 12 @cto)er 1774 "st 'e *ont(s 'ter t(e %rties e+ec"te$ t(e Dee$ o' Con$itionl Sle ;it( t(e se!re!tion t(e to %ro%ert, n$ t(e )e iss"nce o' TCTto o 673 'o"rt( con$ition ie t(t t(e o' titles t(e %ro%erties s"rren$ere$ Titn st(e lso stis&e$ since t(e se!re!tion o"l$ not (.e trns%ire$ ($ t(e ol$ titles not )een s"rren$ere$ T(e secon$ con$ition in.ol.in! t(e co-oners i.er o' t(eir ri!(t o' &rst re'"sl s s l lso so co*%l co*%lie$ ie$ it( it( s e.i$e e.i$enc nce$ e$ ), si*il si*ilrr $ecl $eclr rt tio ions ns in t(e t(e $ee$ $ee$s s o' con$itionl sle e+ec"te$ ), Ptricio n$ Cecili It is onl, t(e t(ir$ con$ition t(e c"isition c"is ition o' ri!(t o' , o.er t(e nort(ern %rt o' t(e %ro%ert,t( %ro%ert,t(t t ($ not ,et )een '"l&lle$ t t(e ti*e o' t(e &lin! o' t(e s"%%le*entl co*%lint It s on t(e )sis o' t(e '"l&ll*ent '"l &ll*ent o' ll t(e con$itions t(t t(e /TC /TC or$ere$ t(e e+ec"tion o' t(e re!ister)le $ee$ o' sle )"t onl, "%on Titns %,*ent o' t(e )lnce B"t since t(e tril co"rts $ecision s %%ele$ ll t(e , to t(is Co"rt it co"l$ not ttin &nlit, n$ e+ec"tion co"l$ not )e or$ere$ In s(ort t(e %en$enc, %en$en c, o' t(e %%el %"t resol"tion o' t(e contro.ers, on (ol$
72 Ego vs CA urice =ictori
174 SCRA 484
1)8)
,uel!
Fcts: T(e %ri.te res%on$ents &le$ &l e$ co*%lint 'or "ietin! "ietin ! o' Title n$ n$?or /eco.er, /eco.er, o' Possesion n$ @ners(i% T(e, lle!e$ t(t t(e, re t(e le!iti*te oners n$ %ossessors o' to %rcels o' ln$ =ot 662 n$ =ot 661 t(ro"!( Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle e+ec"te$ ), r'ori in '.or o' t(e res%on$ents t(e T+ Declrtions ere trns'erre$ to t(e* r'ori c"ire$ t(e %ro%erties 'ro* E!o t(ro"!( Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle $te$ , 1764 Jn"r, 14 n$ @cto)er 6 1765 (ile t(e =ot 661 is 'ro* Coneos to r'ori ), Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle $te$ J"ne 3 1765 T(e %ri.te res%on$ents lso lle!e$ t(t t(e %etitioners occ"%ie$ ille!ll, %ortions o' t(e ln$ (ence t(is co*%lint T(e %etitioners lle!e$ t(t t(e =ot o 662 is co.ere$ ), Free Ptent Ptent $te$ A"!"st 12 1765 n$ t(e @CT o P-3557 s iss"e$ rc( 1 1766 in t(e n*e o' A%olonio E!o t(t (e n$ (is '*il, (s )een occ"%,in! t(e ln$ e.en )e'ore t(e 'ree %tent s iss"e$ T(e, re re t(t t(e ln$ cnnot )e s")ect o' t(e sle since it is still "n$er t(e &.e ,er %ro(i)ition %erio$ Petitioners likeise $en, t(e "t(enticit, o' t(e Dee$s o' sle to r'ori Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e sle o' %tente$ ln$s %er'ecte$ it(in t(e %ro(i)ite$ &.e 859 ,er %erio$ is n"ll n$ .oi$ el$?/tio: es es In t(e Section 11 o' t(e Co**onelt( Act o 141 s *en$e$ %ro(i)its t(e l lie ien nti tion on or enc" enc"*) *)r rnc nce e it( it(in in %erio %erio$ $ o' &.e &.e 859 859 ,er ,ers s 'ro* 'ro* t(e $te $te o' iss"nc iss" nce e o' t(e %tent %tent ln$s c"ir c"ire$ e$ "n$er "n$er 'ree 'ree %tent %tent or (o*est (o*este$ e$KK In t(e %resent cse it is cler t(t t(e $ee$s $ ee$s ere e+ec"te$ it(in t(e %ro(i)ite$ %erio$ o' 5 ,ers T(e 'ree %tent s iss"e$ A"!"st 12 1765 n$ t(e Dee$s o' Sle ere e+ec"te$ , 24 1764 Jn"r, 4 n$ @cto)er 6 1765 ss"*in! t(e "t(enticit, o' t(e si$ Dee$s o' Sle still it is consi$ere$ it(in t(e %ro(i)ite$ %erio$ T(ere'ore no title %sse$ 'ro* t(e E!os to r'ori (ic( co"l$ )e .li$l, trns'erre$ to (erein res%on$ents Bontilo n$ Di!nos
73
Solive, vs r,ciso 170 SCRA 218 ,uel! urice =ictori
1)8)
Fcts: Petitioners re t(e re!istere$ oners o' %rcel o' ln$ in D.o s e.i$ence$ ), TCT o T-1075 T-1075 T(e, lle!e$ ll e!e$ t(t To*%on! To*%on! n$ !o(o o)tine$ n !ree*ent to sell t(e %ro%ert, to certin Es%inos 'ro* s)te 'or P6000000 To*%on! n$ !o(o !.e %rtil %,*ent o' P1000000 n$ %ers"$e$ t(e %etitioners to !i.e t(e* t(e Certi&cte o' Title o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ %ro*ise$ t(t t(e sle ill )e
cons"**te$ n$ t(e )lnce ill )e %i$ it(in si+ *ont(s (oe.er t(e, ne.er ret"rne$ to *ke !oo$ t(eir %ro*ise A n"*)er o' Dee$ o' Sles ere e+ec"te$ in '.or o' $iLerent %ersons s"c( s Att, Att, %,o n$ P"lino C!s T(e Dee$s ere s"%%orte$ ), %oer o' ttorne, constit"tin! t(e 'ct t(t !o(o is %%ointe$ s n Attorne,-in-'ct o' t(e Soli.els T(e si$ %oer ttorne, s lle!e$l, 'or!e$ C!s one o' t(e )",ers o)tine$ t(e cncelltion o' t(e Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title in t(e n*e o' Soli.els n$ t(e iss"nce o' Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title in (is n*e U%on t(e knole$!e o' t(e Soli.els t(e, %roc"re$ n inscri%tion o' n $.erse cli* on t(e title Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e title to t(e rel %ro%ert, is %sse$ to n innocent %"rc(ser ), $ee$ o' sle in (is '.or e+ec"te$ in t(e n*e o' t(e oners ), one 'lsel, cli*in! to )e si$ oners $"l, %%ointe$ n$ "t(ori#e$ ttorne,-in-'ct el$?/tio: o T(e innocent %"rc(ser 'or .l"e .l" e %rotecte$ ), t(e l is one (o %"rc(ses title$ ln$ ), .irt"e o' $ee$ o' sle e+ec"te$ ), t(e re!istere$ oner (i*sel' n$ not ), .irt"e o' 'or!e$ $ee$ It is lso r"le$ t(e cse o' Jo"in .s $ri$ t(t in or$er t(t t(e (ol$er o' certi&cte 'or .l"e iss"e$ ), .irt"e o' t(e re!istrtion o' .ol"n .o l"nt tr, r, instr instr"* "*ent ent *, *, )e co consi nsi$er $ere$ e$ (ol$e (ol$err in !oo$ !oo$ 'it 'it( ( 'or 'or .l"e .l"e t(e t(e instr"* inst r"*ent ent re!ist re!ister ere$ e$ s(o"l$ s(o"l$ not )e 'or!e$ 'or!e$ ;(en ;(en t(e instr"* instr"*ent ent %rese %resente nte$ $ is 'or! 'or!e$ e$ e.en e.en i' cco cco*% *%n nie$ ie$ ), t(e t(e oner oners s $"%lic $"%lict te e ce cert rti& i&c cte te o' title title t(e re!istere$ oner $oes not t(ere), lose (is title n$ neit(er $oes t(e ssi!nee in t(e 'or!e$ $ee$ c"ire n, ri!(t ri!( t or title to t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, T(ere'ore t(e $ee$ o' sle o' Se%te*)er 172 e+ec"te$ ), Isis !o(o s %"r%orte$ ttorne,-in-'ct o' t(e %etitioners in '.or o' C!s is $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$
74
(l,to vs Alzo, 4&0 SCRA 288 ,uel! urice =ictori
1/31/200&
Fcts: Bernr$o n$ ri Sles re s%o"ses n$ t(e, (.e tel.e c(il$ren 11 o' (o* re t(e %etitioners (ile t(e re*inin! c(il$ Estel is one o' t(e (erein res%on$ents ri s t(e re!istere$ oner o' certin %rcel o' ln$ co.ere$ it( @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title o P-3225 (ic( s(e c"ire$ "n$er Free Ptent @n Jn"r, 27 1770 rel rel estte estte *ort!!e *ort!!e contrct (o* Estel is itness s e+ec"te$ e+ec"te$ in '.or o' (erein res%on$ent Do*in$or Al#on ri $ie$ on A"!"st 2 176 (ic( (i c( s(os s(os t( t(t t ri ri s s not not t(e t(e one one (o (o e+ec e+ec"te "te$ $ t(e t(e s si$ i$ /el el Es Est tte te ort!!e T(e *ort!!e s s")se"entl, s" )se"entl, 'oreclose$ $"e to t(e *ort!!ors 'il"re to settle t(eir o)li!tion Ernesto Al#on s t(e (i!(est )i$$er n$ c"se$ t(e cncelltion
o' t(e @CT in t(e n*e o' ri n$ c"ire$ Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title in (is n*e U%on t(e knole$!e o' t(e si$ cncelltion o' @CT t(e %etitioners c"se$ t(e inscri%tion o' n $.erse cli* on t(e title o' t(e %ro%ert, T(e, lle!e$ t(t t(e /el Estte ort!!e s not e+ec"te$ ), t(e oner o' t(e %ro%ert, (ence it is .oi$ (ile t(e res%on$ents lle!e$ t(t t(e, *ort!!ee in !oo$ 'it( Iss"e: ;(et(er Do*in$or is *ort!!ee in !oo$ 'it( to .li$l, trns'er t(e title to t(e (i!(est )i$$er )i$$er el$?/tio: es es T(e *ort!!ee is consi$ere$ s *ort!!ee in !oo$ 'it( Un$er t(is $octrine e.en i' t(e *ort!!or is not t(e oner o' t(e *ort!!e$ %ro%ert, t(e *ort!!e contrct n$ n, 'oreclos"re sle risin! t(ere'ro* re !i.en eLect ), reson o' %")lic %") lic %olic %olic, , T(e T(e %rinc %rinci% i%le le is )se )se$ $ on t(e t(e r"le r"le t(t t(t ll ll %ers %erson ons s $elin $elin! ! it( it( %ro%ert, co.ere$ ), Torrents Certi&cte o' Title s )",ers or *ort!!eesK re not re"ire$ to !o )e,on$ (t %%ers on t(e 'ce o' t(e title n$ in t(e )sence o' n, si!nin.esti!tion t(t *i!(t ro"se s"s%icion *ort!!ee (s en!!e$ no o)li!tion to "n$ertke '"rt(er oe.er t(oset(e %ersons (o re in rel estte or &nncin! )"siness like (erein res%on$ents Ernesto n$ Do*in$or to )e consi$ere$ s *ort! *ort!!ees !ees in !oo$ !oo$ 'it( 'it( "ris%r" "ris%r"$enc $ence e re re"ir "ires es t(t t(t t(e, t(e, s(o"l$ s(o"l$ tke tke t(e nece ne cess ssr r, , %rec %rec" "tio tion n e+%e e+%ect cte$ e$ o' %r"$e %r"$ent nt *n *n to s sce cert rti in n t(e t(e st stt t"s "s n$ n$ con$ition o' t(e %ro%erties oLere$ s collterl n$ to .eri', t(e i$entit, o' t(e %ers %e rson ons s t( t(e, e, tr trn ns sct ct )"sin )"sines ess s it( it( %rt %rtic ic"l "lrl, rl, t(os t(ose e (o cli* cli* to )e t(e t(e re!istere$ %ro%ert, oners In t(e %resent cse Ernesto s"cientl, est)lis(e$ t(t (e cte$ in !oo$ 'it( in e+ercisin! $"e $ili!ence in scertinin! t(e stt"s o' t(e %ro%ert, ), .isitin! t(e %ro%ert, n$ (e lso i$enti', t(e oners n$ occ"%nts it s Estel n$ t(e %ersons re%resente$ t(e*sel.es s Bernr$o n$ ri (o %er%etrte$ t(e 'r"$ (ence Ernesto n$ Do*in$or re *ort!!ees in !oo$ 'it( n$ re entitle$ to t(e %rotection o' t(e l
7&
( (ev eviiste ste v vs s No' No'le les 8) S SCR CRA A& &20 20 4/ 4/3 30/ 0/1 1)7 )7) ) ?eologo! Noel olo
FACTS: T(is in.ol.es %ro%ert, it( totl re o' 16 (ectres (ic( is sit"te$ in Prn"e /i#l co.ere$ ), Trns'er certi&cte in t(e n*e o' ] >rci /elt, Inc con.erte$ con.erte$ t(e %ro%ert, into s")$i.ision s")$i.ision clle$ t(e >r.ille s")$i.ision Blocks n$ certin lots re t(e t(e contro.ers, s%eci&cll, =ot 6 Block Block 4 8s")se"entl, =ot 16 %ln 8=/C9 Ps$-56009 otice o' lis %en$ens s %resente$ ), elecio B E*t notin! t(e %en$enc, o' Ci.il Cse o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l entitle$ i.encio / $e >"#*n .s
] >rci Y Co*%n, re'errin! s%eci&cll, to =ot 3 re$esi!nte$ s =ot 5 o' t(e ne s")$i.ision %ln T(e lis %en$ens $oes not re'er to =ot 6 Block 4 A$.it o' A$.erse Cli* co.erin! =ot 1 Block 5 %resente$ ), J Antonio =e.iste E+ec"ti.e ice Presi$ent Presi$ent o' %etitioner co*%n, )se$ on n ssi!n*ent in (is '.or ), one =etici P /*os )",er o' si$ lot 'ro* >rci /elt, o re'erence to =ot 6 Block 4 A$.it o' A$.erse co.erin! =ot 6 Block 4 8s")se"entl, =ot 16 %ln 8=/C9 Ps$ 560 56 009 09 cons consist istin! in! %res %resen ente te$ $ ), re res%o s%on$e n$ent nt ri ri ill illn"e n"e. . )se )se$ $ on n !ree*ent to sell in (er '.or e+ec"te$ ), >rci /elt, /elt, 8Dis%"te$ =ot9 Attc(*ent 8Dis%"te$ Attc(*ent 8Dis%"te$ =ot9 =ot9 s %resente$ %resente$ ), =e.iste =e.iste Y Co n$ %rtici%tion %rtici%tion it( >rci /elt, Inc Attc(*ent8Dis%"te$ =ot9 =ot9 n$ %rtici%tion o' t(e $e'en$nts $e'en$nts o' ] >rci /elt, >rci /elt, n$ res%on$ent illn"e. illn"e. cons"**te$ cons"**te$ contrct contrct o' sle o.er t(e Dis%"te$ =ot /es%on$ent illn"e. so"!(t to (.e t(e sle re!istere$ n$ title iss"e$ in (er '.or 'ree o' n, enc"*)rnce )"t %etitioners =e.iste n$ Bert(elsen o)ecte$ lle!in! t(t t(e, ($ re!istere$ $.erse cli*s n$ ttc(*ents T(e /e!ister o' Dee$s re'"se$ to iss"e ne title to illn"e. it(o"t crr,in! o.er 8A9 To To nnottions re!istere$ %rior to illn"e.Xs $.erse cli* 8B9 Attc(*ents Attc(*ents co.erin! t(e entire entire %ro%ert, %ro%ert, nnotte$ nnotte$ on t(e title s")se"ent s")se"ent to illn"e.Xs $.erse cli* ISSUE: ;(et(er illn"e.Xs cli* is in 'ct re!ister)le n$ i' so (et(er it cn )e %re'erre$ o.er t(e $.erse ttc(*ents E=D: o illn"e. illn"e. *erel, *erel, &le$ &le$ n $.ers $.erse e cli* cli* )se$ )se$ on si$ si$ !ree* !ree*ent ent to sell sell consi$erin! t(t Section 62 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act %rescri)es t(e %roce$"re 'or t(e re!istrtion o' illn"e.Xs interest less t(n n estte in 'ee si*%le on t(e $is%"te$ lot n$ t(ere )ein! no s(oin! o' (er in)ilit, to %ro$"ce t(e onerXs $"%licte certi&cte t(e re*e$, %ro.i$e$ in Section 110 o' Act 476 (ic( s resorte$ to ), illn"e. is t(ere'ore ineLecti.e 'or t(e %"r%ose o' %rotectin! (er ri!(t or interest on t(e $is%"te$ lot A$.erse cli* &le$ ), illn"e. s not .li$ t(e s*e $i$ not (.e t(e eLect o' con.e,nce o' (er ri!(t or interest i nterest on t(e $is%"te$ lot n$ co"l$ not %re"$ice n, ri!(t t(t *, (.e risen t(ere'ter in '.or o' t(ir$ %rties Conse"entl, t(e ttc(*ents o' Bert(elsen =e.iste n$ t(t in Ci.il Cse o 247-P o' t(e Co"rt o'
First Instnce o' /i#l co.erin! t(e $is%"te$ lot re s"%erior to t(t c"ire$ ), illn"e. n$ ill (.e to )e crrie$ o.er to t(e ne title to )e iss"e$ in (er '.or T("s Section o' Act 476 %ro.i$es %ro.i$es t(t: I' t t(e ti*e o' n, trns'er t(ere %%er "%on t(e re!istrtion )ook enc"*)rnces or cli*s $.erse to t(e title o' t(e re!istere$ oner t(e, s(ll )e stte$ in t(e ne certi&cte or certi&ctes e+ce%t so 'r s t(e, *, )e si*"ltneo"sl, relese$ or $isc(r!e$
76 (* vs Re%u'lic Noel olo
&43 SCRA 4&3
2/4/2008 ?eologo!
FACTS: @CT o P-223 s iss"e$ on Se%te*)er 26 1767 in '.or o' one An!elito C B"!,on! T(e *ot(er title c*e 'ro* Sles Ptent o 456 iss"e$ in B"!,on!s n*e (ic( co.ers %rcel o' ln$ locte$ in Bocn )cn D.o cit, It s ori!inll, i$enti&e$ n$ s"r.e,e$ s *rs(, n$ "n$er ter $"rin! (i!( ti$e it "se$ to )e %ortion o' $r, ri.er )e$ ner t(e *o"t( o' D.o /i.er T(e ln$ s s")$i.i$e$ s")$i.i$ e$ into 4 lots initill, initill , B"!,on! sol$ ll t(e 4 lots to $iLerent $i Lerent %ersons 2 o' t(e lots s sol$ to S%o"ses D" T(e %re.io"s TCT "n$er t(e n*e o' B"!,on! s cncelle$ t(en re!istere$ to s%o"ses D" S%o"ses D" sol$ one lot to s%o"ses Feli+ n$ >"$l"%e D,ol D" s%o"ses TCT s cncelle$ n$ s re%lce$ ), not(er TCT re!istere$ in t(e n*e o' =o"r$es Fr*s Fr*s Inc (ic( is t(e s")ect o' t(is cse =o"r$es Fr*s Inc *ort!!e$ t(is %ro%ert, to %etitioner =BP So*e resi$ents o' t(e ln$ it co.ere$ %rtic"lrl, lon! Bolton Di.ersion /o$ &le$ 'or*l %etition )e'ore t(e B"re" o' =n$s In.esti!tion n$ oc"lr ins%ection ere con$"cte$ on t(e s")ect ln$ T(e, 'o"n$ t(t: 819Sles Ptent o 456 s iss"e$ to B"!,on! t(e ln$ it co.ere$ s still it(in t(e 'orest #one clssi&e$ "n$er Proect o 1 =C-4K it s relese$ s lien)le n$ $is%os)le ln$ onl, on rc( 25 171 829 t(e ln$ s *rs(, n$ co.ere$ ), se ter $"rin! (i!( ti$eK 839 B"!,on! s ne.er in ct"l %ossession o' t(e ln$ B"re" o' =n$s resol.e$ t(t t(e sles %tent in '.or o' B"!,on! s i*%ro%erl, n$ ille!ll, iss"e$ n$ t(t t(e Director o' =n$s ($ no "ris$iction to $is%ose o' t(e s")ect ln$ U%o U%on n re reco* co**en *en$t $tion ion o' t(e B"r e" t(ro"!( o' =n$s =n$s /e%")lic /e%" t(e P(ili%% P(i>enerl li%%ines ines re%resente$ ), t(e Director o' B"re" =n$s t(et(e @ce o')lic t(eo'Solicitor 8@S>9 instit"te$ co*%lint )e'ore t(e /TC in D.o 'or t(e cncelltion o' %tent
n$ re n$ re.e .ers rsio ion n o' t(e ln$ co co.e .ere re$ $ ), @CT @CT o o P-22 -223 3 into into t(e t(e *ss *ss o' %")li %")lic c $o*in T(e co*%lint s *en$e$ s &le$ !inst B"!,on! n$ ot(er %resent oners n$ *ort!!ees o' t(e ln$ s"c( s =o"r$es Fr*s Inc n$ t(e ltters *ort!!ee %etitioner =BP T(e *ot(er Title @CTP-223 in i n t(e n*e o' $e'en$nt B"!,on! s iss"e$ t ti*e (en t(e re s not ,et relese$ ), t(e B"re" o' Forestr, to t(e B"re" o' =n$s T(e re co.ere$ ), @CT o P 223 s not ,et $eclre$ ), t(e B"re" o' =n$s lien)le n$ $is%os)le (en t(e si$ @CT s iss"e$ ISSUE: ;(et(e ;(et (err CA erre erre$ $ in not not &n$in! &n$in! t(t t(t %etit %etitio ioner ner = =n$ n$ Bnk Bnk o' T(e P(ili P(ili%% %%ine ines s *ort!!e ri!(t n$ interest s n innocent %"rc(ser 8*ort!!ee9 'or .l"e n$ in !oo$ 'it( o.er t(e s")ect ln$ is .li$ n$ s")sistin! in ccor$nce it( t(e l n$ e+istin! "ris%r"$ence "ris% r"$ence in o"r co"ntr, co"ntr, E=D: o =BP (s no .li$ n$ s")sistin! *ort!!ees interest o.er t(e ln$ It (s )een est)lis(e$ n$ $*itte$ ), =BP t(t: 819 t(e s")ect ln$ *ort!!e$ to it ), =o"r$es F Fr*s r*s Inc is co.ere$ ), TCT o TT534K n$ 829 t(e si$ TCT is $eri.e$ 'ro* @CT o P-223 iss"e$ to B"!,on! It s s sce scert rti ine ne$ $ t(e t(e ln$ ln$ it co co.e .ere re$ $ s s st stil illl it(in it(in t(e t(e 'ore 'orest st #o #one ne It s s $eclre$ s lien)le n$ $is%os)le onl, on rc( 25 171 T(e *ort!!or =o"r$es Fr*s Inc 'ro* (ic( =BP o)tinin! its lle!e$ interest (s ne.er )een t(e oner o' t(e *ort!!e$ ln$ Ac"isition o' t(e s")ect ln$ ), =o"r$es Fr*s Inc is le!ll, i*%ossi)le s t(e ln$ s relese$ s lien)le n$ $is%os)le onl, on rc( 25 171 ence =BP c"ire$ no ri!(ts o.er t(e ln$ Since =o"r$es Fr*s Inc is not t(e oner o' t(e ln$ it $oes not (.e t(e c%cit, to *ort!!e it to =BP
77
St Do-i,ic Cor%ortio, vs <AC ?eologo! Noel olo
1&1 CRA &77 1)87
FACTS: T To o $ecisions o' t(e %%ellte co"rt re in.ol.e$ in t(is cse 1 9 Co"rt o' A%%els ren$ere$ $ecision in n ction 'or s%eci&c %er'or*nce &le$ ), t(e %ri.te res%on$ents !inst t(e St Do*inic Cor%ortion
29 Pro*"l!te$ ), t(e res%on$ent Inter*e$ite Inter*e$ite A%%ellte Co"rt in n ction to set si$e n or$er o' t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt $irectin! recei%t in consi!ntion o' t(e *o"nt or$ere$ to )e %i$ ), t(e Co"rt o' A%%els in its 171 $ecision Pri.te res%on$ents Constntino B Acost n$ E. Acost si!ne$ =n$ P"rc(se A!ree*ent (erein (erein Petitioner St Do*inic Cor%ortion sol$ to t(e 'or*er =ot o 1-A S-2 Block co.ere$ ), TCT o 4200 "e#on Cit, T(e Acosts ere )o"t *ont(s in *one, $e)t o' t(e corres%on$in! *ont(l, %,*ents $"e (en t(e, sent to t(e St Do*inic Cor% to se%rte *one, or$ers on T(ese %,*ents ere reecte$ ), t(e St Do*inic Cor%ortion in letter sent to t(e Acosts ), its Cor%orte Secretr, )ec"se t(eir contrct ($ )een cncelle$ si$ si $ Cor%or Cor%orte te Secre Secretr tr, , ($ sent to t(e Pri. Pri.te te /es%on$en es%on$ents ts (erein (erein letter letter in'or*in! t(e ltter t(t t(eir contrct ($ )een cncelle$ one *ont( 'ter t(eir &nl notice n$ t(t %ostl *one, or$er sent ), t(e Acosts ere sent )ck to t(e* Pri.te /es%on$ents Acosts instit"te$ in t(e t(en CFI o' nil n ction !inst t(e St Do*inic Cor%ortion to co*%el t(e ltter to cce%t %,*ent o' t(e lot in "estion =ter $ecision s ren$ere$ in si$ cse $.erse to t(e Acosts Acosts %%ele$ t(e s*e to t(e t(en Co"rt o' A%%els T(e CA ren$ere$ its $ecision settin! si$e t(e $ecision o' t(e CFI o' nil T(e %etitioner cor%ortion so"!(t reconsi$ertion o' t(e %%ellte co"rtXs $ecision ISSUE: ;(et(er IAC erre$ in not &n$in! t(t it is le!ll, i*%ossi)le 'or t(e %etitioner it(o"t its '"lt to trns'er to t(e Acosts t(e title to ln$ in "estion it (.in! )een trns'erre$ to t(ir$ %rt, E=D: T(e res%on$ents $i$ not (.e notice o' lis %en$ens nnotte$ on t(e title o' t(e %ro%ert, $"rin! t(e (ole ti*e t(t si$ %ro%ert, s in liti!tion A notice o' lis %en$ens in n nno"nce*ent to t(e (ole orl$ t(t %rtic"lr %iece o' rel %ro%ert, is in liti!tion n$ ser.es s rnin! t(t one (o c"ires n interest o.er si$ %ro%ert, $oes so on (is on risk or t(t (e !*)les on t(e res"lt o' t(e liti!tion o.er si$ %ro%ert, %ro%ert, Since t(e %ri.te res%on$ents 'ile$ to &le s"c( notice t(e s")se"ent %"rc(ser 'or .l"e cnnot )e %re"$ice$ ), t(e o"tco*e o' t(e liti!tion n$ in t(e )sence o' %roo' o' n, 'r"$ on (is %rt s"c( %"rc(ser is %res"*e$ to (.e c"ire$ (is title in !oo$ 'it( n$ 'or .l")le consi$ertion T(e r"le is ele*entr, t(t 'r"$ is not %res"*e$ Pri.te res%on$ents ere !i.en ), t(e Co"rt o' A%%els onl, "ntil Dece*)er 27 171 to %, t(e re*inin! )lnce o' "n%i$ instll*ents Act"l consi!n*ent s *$e on @cto)er 25 172 or l*ost ten 8109 *ont(s lte Innocent t(ir$ %rt, (o (s t(e title to t(e ln$ n$ (o (s )"ilt resi$ence on it s(o"l$ )e res%ecte$ res%ecte$ n$ %rotecte$ %rotecte$ in (is %ossession n$ oners(i% oners(i% T(e %etitioner %etitioner
s( s(o" o"l$ l$ (oe (oe.e .er r %, %, $* $*!e !es s to t(e t(e %ri. %ri.te te res% res%on on$e $ents nts 'te 'terr re ret" t"rn rnin! in! ll ll *o"nts it (s recei.e$ 'ro* t(e*
78
gl;ue vs l,ters 307 SCRA 1&6 ,g! ?ecel
&/17/1)))
Fcts: A rel estte *ort!!e s e+ec"te$ to sec"re lon o)tine$ ), t(e s%o"ses S)in S) in n$ E!*i$io E!*i$io !l"e !l"e 'ro* 'ro* B"lcn B"lcn De.elo De.elo%*e %*ent nt Bnk Bnk no knon knon s Plnters De.elo%*ent Bnk A'ter t(e $et( o' S)in %rtil %,*ent s *$e ), E!*i$io E!*i$io (ic( t(e Bnk Bnk c cce% ce%te$ te$ oe.e oe.er r t(e rel estte estte *ort!!e *ort!!e s e+tr"$icill, 'oreclose$ 'or non-%,*ent in '"ll o' t(e lon Title s consoli$te$ in t(e n*e o' t(e )nk s t(e (i!(est )i$$er T(e $e'en$nt-Bnk conten$s t(t t(e 'or*lities %ro.i$e$ 'or ), l ere $"l, o)ser.e$ (ile t(e %lintiL cli*s t(t t(ere s no s"c( co*%lince A'ter t(e l%se o' t(e re$e*%tion %erio$ t(e )nk consoli$te$ its title to t(e %ro%ert, n$ )ec*e its re!istere$ oner T(ere'ter %eti %e titi tion oner ers s (eir (eirs s o' t( t(e e s% s%o" o"se ses s &l &le$ e$ co*% co*%l lin intt 'or 'or nn" nn"l* l*en entt o' s sle le recon.e, rec on.e,nce nce o' title it( $*!es n$ in"nction T(e )nk sol$ t(e %ro%ert, to t(e s%o"ses An!el S Beltrn n$ Erlin$ C Beltrn 'or t(irt, t(o"sn$ 8P30000009 %esos T(e %lintiL *en$e$ t(e co*%lint tice to i*%le$ t(e ot(er (eirs o' t(e s%o"ses !l"e n$ $e'en$nt Beltrn s%o"ses t(e )",ers o' t(e %ro%ert, in "estion Petitioners r!"e$ t(t t(e Co"rt o' A%%els erre$ in not &n$in! t(t t(e )nk s(o"l$ (.e &le$ its cli* in t(e settle*ent o' estte o' t(e $ecese$ *ort!!or Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e Bnk s(o"l$ (.e &le$ its cli* in t(e settle*ent o' estte o' t(e $ecese$ *ort!!ors /"lin!: o T(e r"le is t(t sec"re$ cre$itor (ol$in! rel estte *ort!!e (s t(ree o%tions in cse o' $et( o' t(e $e)tor T(ese re: 819 to i. i.e e t(e *ort *ort! !!e !e n$ n$ cli* li* t(e t(e enti entirre $e)t $e)t 'ro 'ro* t( t(e e es est tte te o' t(e t(e *ort!!or s n or$inr, cli*K 82 8299 to 'ore 'orecl clos ose e t(e *ort *ort! !!e !e "$ic "$ici ill, ll, n$ n$ %ro. %ro.e e n, $e&c $e&cie ienc nc, , s n or$in or$inr r, , cli*K n$ 839 to rel, rel, on on t(e *ort! *ort!!e !e e+c e+cl"si l"si.el .el, , 'or 'orecl eclosin osin! ! t(e s*e s*e t n,ti*e n,ti*e )e'or )e'ore e it is )rre$ ), %rescri%tion it(o"t i t(o"t ri!(t to &le &l e cli* 'or n, $e&cienc, $e&cienc, @).io"sl, res%on$ent )nk .ile$ itsel' o' t(e t(ir$ o%tion
7) Fcts:
Ngtlo, vs @C* 172&04 7/31/2013
,g! ?ecel
S%o"ses !tlon entere$ into cre$it !ree*ent it( res%on$ent UCPB To sec"re t(e cre$it S%o"ses !tlon e+ec"te$ rel estte *ort!!e o.er se.erl %ro%erties U%on 'il"re to %, t(e *ort!!e s e+tr"$icill, 'oreclose$ n$ sol$ t %")lic "ction to UCPB s (i!(est )i$$er ;it( t(e %etitioners 'il"re to e+ercise (er ri!(t to re$ee* t(e %ro%erties UCPB consoli$te$ t(e oners(i% o.er t(e %ro%erties n$ TCTs in t(e n*e o' UCPB ere iss"e$ T(ere'ter UCPB &le$ n e+ %rte %etition 'or t(eniss"nce o' nl, rit %ossession t(e /TC T(e$eclrt %etitioner %etitio %et ition citin! citin! *inl, *i t(eo'%en$en %en $enc, c, o' it( ci.il ci. il cse cs e 'or $ecl rtion ion o%%ose$ o' n"llit,t(e o' 'oreclos 'or eclos"re "re etc Petitioner Petitioner r!"e$ t(t t(e iss"nce o' rit o' %ossession %ossession s no lon!er *inisteril $"t, on t(e %rt o' t(e co"rt in .ie o' t(e %en$enc, o' t(e cse Iss"e: ;(et(e ;(et (err t( t(e e %en$ %en$en enc, c, o' ci ci.i .ill cse cse c(l c(lle len! n!in in! ! t( t(e e .li .li$i $it, t, o' t( t(e e cr cre$ e$it it !ree*ent t(e %ro*issor, notes n$ t(e *ort!!e cn )r t(e iss"nce o' rit o' %ossession 'ter t(e 'oreclos"re n$ sle o' t(e *ort!!e$ %ro%erties n$ t(e l%se o' t(e one-,er re$e*%tion %erio$ /"lin!: o T(e iss"nce o' rit o' %ossession to %"rc(ser in %")lic "ction is *inisteril '"nction o' t(e co"rt (ic( cnnot )e enoine$ or restrine$ e.en ), t( t(e e &l &lin! in! o' ci ci.i .ill c cse se 'o 'orr t(e $ecl $eclr rt tio ion n o' n"llit n"llit, , o' t(e t(e 'ore 'orecl clos os"r "re e n$ n$ conse"ent conse "ent "ction "ction sle @nce title to t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, (s )een consoli$ consoli$te$ te$ in t(e )",erXs n*e "%on 'il"re o' t(e *ort!!or to re$ee* t(e %ro%ert, it(in t(e one,er re$e*%tion %erio$ t(e rit o' %ossession )eco*es *tter o' ri!(t )elon!in! to t(e )",er Conse"entl, t(e )",er cn $e*n$ %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, t n,ti*e Its ri!(t to %ossession (s t(en ri%ene$ into t(e ri!(t o' con&r*e$ )sol"te oner n$ t(e iss"nce o' t(e rit )eco*es *inisteril '"nction t(t $oes not $*it o' t(e e+ercise o' t(e co"rtXs $iscretion T(e co"rt ctin! on n %%liction 'or its iss"nce s(o"l$ iss"e t(e rit s *tter o' co"rse n$ it(o"t n, $el, $el, 8Sections 6 n$ o' Act 3135 s *en$e$ ), Act 4119 T(ere re (oe.er e+ce%tions to t(e r"le t(t iss"nce o' rit o' %ossession %ossessi on is *inisteril '"nction s 'ollos: 1
>ross iin n$e"c, o' o' %"r %"rc(s (se %r %ric ice e
2
T(ir T(ir$ $ %rt %rt, , cl cli* i*in in! ! ri! ri!(t (t $.e $.ers rse e to to $ $e) e)to tor? r?*o *ort rt! !!o !orr
3
Fil"r il"re e to to %, %, t(e t(e s"r% s"r%l"s l"s %roc %rocee ee$s $s o' t(e t(e sl sle e to to *or *ort! t!! !or or
T(e %etitionerXs cse $oes not 'll "n$er n, o' t(e )o.e-*entione$ e+ce%tions e+ce%tions
80
('or vs D.,ghir,g
37 SC SCRA 346 1/30/1)71
8SUP/A9
81
Re%u'lic vs A;ui,o
8SUP/A9
120 SCRA 186
1/27/1)83
82
Re%u'lic vs "AN ro%erties <NC &&& 6/26/2008
SCRA
477
8SUP/A9
83
Nieto vs ui,es
1 SCRA 227
1/28/1)61
8SUP/A9
84 Register of Dees vs R"C of l'o, 788 78 8 2/ 2/&/ &/1) 1))0 )0 ,g! ,g! ?ec ?ecel el
181
SCRA
Fcts: A Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle o' %ro%ert, co.ere$ ), TCT o /-377 in t(e n*e o' Slo*e Cstillo Cstillo in '.or o' Jose Cstillo Cstillo s %resente$ %resente$ to t(e /e!ister /e!ister o' Dee$s 8Att, Frncisco /o*ero9 in Cloocn Cit, 'or re!istrtion It co"l$ not )e !i.en $"e co"rse )ec"se t(e ori!inl o' si$ TCT o /-377 in t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s s *issin! As t(e *issin! title co.ere$ %rcel o' ln$ in l)on Att, >"$encio Cen t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s 'or l)on &le$ in t(e /TC o' l)on .eri&e$ %etition 'or reconstit"tion o' t(e ori!inl o' TCT o /-377 T(e co"rt $irecte$ t(t co%, o' its or$er settin! it 'or (erin! on A"!"st 1 17 )e %")lis(e$ in 2 consec"ti.e iss"es o' t(e @cil >#ette s %ro.i$e$ in Section 7 o' /e%")lic Act o 26 oe.er t(e certi&cte o' %")liction iss"e$ ), t(e Director o' t(e tionl Printin! @ce stte$ t(t t(e or$er o' t(e co"rt s %")lis(e$ in t(e , 23 n$ , 30 17 iss"es o' t(e @cil >#ette n$ t(t t(e , 30 17 iss"e s relese$ 'or circ"ltion on @cto)er 3 17 8ie 4 $,s 'ter t(e $te set 'or (erin!9 T(e /TC o' l)on $is*isse$ t(e %etition 'or lck o' "ris$iction )ec"se t(e notice o' t(e %etition s not %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette Qt lest 30 $,s %rior to t(e $te o' (erin! (ic( ($ )een set on A"!"st 1 17 Iss"e:
;(et ;(et(e (err t(e ct" ct" l %")li ")lic ct tio ion n o' t(e t(e noti notic ce o' t( t(e e %eti %etittion ion in t(e t(e @c @cil il
>#ette $,s 'ter t(e inste$ o' to t(e $tet(e o' (erin!Q4 s s"cient to (erin! .est "ris$iction in Qt t(e lest co"rt30 to $,s (er %rior n$ $eter*ine %etition ) ;(et ;(et(e (err t(e t(e /e!i /e!ist ster er o' o' Dee$ Dee$s s o' l l)o )on n is t(e t(e %ro %ro%er %er %rt %rt, , to &le &le t(e t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion /"lin!: o o it $i$ not not T(e T(e %"r% %"r%os ose e o' t(e t(e %")l %")lic ict tio ion n o' t(e t(e notic notice eo o'' t(e t(e %eti %etiti tion on ''or or reconstit"tion in t(e @cil >#ette is to %%rise t(e (ole orl$ t(t s"c( %etition (s )een &le$ n$ t(t (oe.er is *in$e$ to o%%ose it 'or !oo$ c"se *, $o so it(in 30 $,s )e'ore t(e $te set ), t(e co"rt 'or (erin! t(e %etition It is t(e %")liction o' s"c( notice t(t )rin!s in t(e (ole orl$ s %rt, in t(e cse n$ .ests t(e co"rt it( "ris$iction to (er n$ $eci$e it ;(ere t(ere is $e'ect in t(e %")liction o' t(e %etition s"c( $e'ect $e%ri.es t(e co"rt o' "ris$iction
) o o Sect Sectio ion n 6 o' /e%")l e%")lic ic Act Act o o 26 26 (ic (ic( ( llo lloe e$ $ t(e t(e /e! /e!ist ister er o o'' Dee$s Dee$s to *ot" *o t" %r %ro% o%ri rio o recon econst stit it"t "te e lo lost st or $est $estrro,e$ o,e$ cert certi& i&c cte te o' titl title e 'r 'ro* o* its its corres%on$i corr es%on$in! n! onerXs onerXs $"%licte $"%licte certi&cte certi&cte s e+%ressl, e+%ressl, re%ele$ re%ele$ or $eclre$ $eclre$ to )e Qino%erti.eQ ), Section 6 o' /e%")lic Act 632 %%ro.e$ on J"l, 1 177 A %etitio %et ition n 'or re reco const nstit"t it"tion ion *, no )e &le$ &le$ onl, onl, ), Qt(e re!ister re!istere$ e$ oner oner (is ssi!ns or n, %erson (o (s n interest in t(e %ro%ert,Q 8Section 12 /e%")lic Act o 269
8&
"h,, Develo%-e,t vs CA 118 11/1&/1)82 r;ui! * *sil < <,
SCRA
273
Fcts: T(e recor$s o' t(e cse s(o t(t on @cto)er 5 17 %ri.te res%on$ent (erein'ter re'erre$ re'erre$ to s t(e Psc"ls cli*in! s intestte (eirs o' n"el A"il (o $ie$ on Jn"r, 26 176 176 &le$ &le$ %etitio %etition n 'or "$ici "$icill re reco const nstit"t it"tion ion o' lost lost certi& certi&ct cte e o' title title "n$er "n$er /e%")lic Act o 26 $ockete$ s /econstit"tion Cse o 504P =n$ /e!istrtion Cse o 736 in t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l n"el A"il t(e %etitionersX %re$ecessor-in-interest s t(e re!istere$ o' "ntinl"% t(ose conti!"o"s =ots 2 n$ 4 Sn Dionisio Prn"e /i#l no oner C"%n! /i#lln$s T(e %ri.te res%on$ents res% on$ents si$ si$ t(t ori!inl ori!inl certi&cte certi&cte o' title ori!inl ori!inl n$ onerXs onerXs $"%licte co%ies co.erin! si$ ln$s (.e )een lost or $estro,e$ in t(e lst ;orl$ ;r II n$ $ili! $ili!en entt eLor eLorts ts to lo loc cte te t(e t(e s s*e *e (.e (.e )een )een ll ll in .in .in t(t s si$ i$ title title s s s")sistin! n$ in 'orce t t(e ti*e it s lost or $estro,e$ 'ree 'ro* liens n$ enc"*)rnces o' n, kin$ n$ nt"re "% to t(e %resent t(t t(ere is no recor$ o' n, sles %tent sles certi&cte or n, ln$ !rnt o.er si$ ln$s to n, %erson or entit, t(t no Co-onerXs ort!!eeXs =esseeXs or n, lien (ol$erXs co%, o' si$ @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title (.e e.er )een iss"e$ Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ /"lin!: T(e Co"rt $enie$ t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion T(e tril co"rt $i$ not c"ire "ris$iction o.er t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion /tionle: /e%") e%")li lic c Act Act o o 26 enti entitl tle$ e$ QAn QAn ct ct %r %ro. o.i$ i$in in! ! s%ec s%eci ill %r %roc oce$ e$"r "re e 'or 'or t( t(e e re reco const nstit it"t "tio ion n o' Torre orrens ns Cert Certi&c i&ct tes es o' Title itle lost lost or $est $estro ro,e ,e$Q $Q %%r %%ro. o.e$ e$ on Se%te*)er 25 1746 con'ers "ris$iction or "t(orit, to t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce to (er n$ $eci$e %etitions 'or "$icil reconstit"tion T(e Act s%eci&cll, %ro.i$es t(e s%ecil re"ire*ents n$ *o$e o' %roce$"re t(t *"st )e 'olloe$ )e'ore t(e co"rt cn %ro%erl, ct ss"*e n$ c"ire "ris$iction or "t(orit, o.er t(e %etition n$ !rn !rntt t( t(e e re reco cons nstit tit"ti "tion on'or%r,e %r ,e$ $ 'o 'orr T(ese T(e se re"i re "ire re*e *ents nts s%eci&c n$ n$ %roc %roce$ e$"r "re e re re *n$tor, T(e Petition /econstit"tion *"st lle!e certin "ris$ictionl 'ct n$ t(e notice o' (erin! *"st )e %")lis(e$ %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette >#ette n$ %oste$
in %rtic"lr %lces n$ t(e s*e sent or noti&e$ noti&e$ to s%eci&e$ s%eci&e$ %ersons Sections 12 n$ 13 o' t(e Act %ro.i$e s%eci&cll, t(e *n$tor, re"ire*ents n$ %roce$"re to )e 'olloe$ T(ese sections stte s 'ollos: Sec 12 Petitions 'or reconstit"tion 'ro* so"rces en"*erte$ in sections 28c9 28$9 28e9 28'9 38c9 38 38$9 $9 38 38e9 e9 n$? n$?or or 38 38'9 '9 o' t(is t(is Act Act s( s(l lll )e &le$ &le$ it( it( t(e t(e %ro% %ro%er er Co"rt Co"rt o' First irst Instnce ), t(e re!istere$ oner (is ssi!ns or n, %erson (.in! n interest in t(e %ro%ert, T(e %etition s(ll stte or contin *on! ot(er t(in!s t(e 'olloin!: 89 t(t t(e onerXs $"%licte o' t(e certi&cte o' title ($ )een lost or $estro,e$ 8)9 t(t no co-onerXs *ort!!eeXs or lesseeXs $"%licte ($ )een iss"e$ or i' n, ($ )een iss"e$ t(e s*e ($ )een lost or $estro,e$: 8c9 t(e loction re n$ )o"n$ )o" n$ries ries o' t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, 8$9 t(e nt"re nt"re n$ $escri $escri%tio %tion n o' t(e )"il$in )"il$in!s !s or i*%ro.e*ents i' n, (ic( $o not )elon! to t(e oner o' t(e ln$ n$ t(e n*es n$ $$resses o' t(e oners o' s"c( )"il$in!s or i*%ro.e*ents 8e9 t(e n*es n$ $$resses o' t(e occ"%nts or %ersons in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, o' t(e oners o' t(e $oinin! %ro%erties n$ o' ll %ersons (o *, (.e n, interest in t(e %ro%e %ro%ert, rt, 8'9 $etile$ $et $escri $escri%tio %tion n no o' $ee$s t(e enc"*)r enc nces es i' n, n, Lectin! Lecti Lectin! n! t(e t(e %ro%ert, n$8!9 ile$ stte*ent t(t or"*)rnc ot(er instr"*ents %ro%ert, (.e )een %resente$ 'or re!istrtion or i' t(ere )e n, t(e re!istrtion t(ereo' (s not )een cco*%lis(e$ s ,et All t(e $oc"*ents or "t(enticte$ co%i co %ies es t(er t(ereo eo' ' to )e in intr tro$ o$"c "ce$ e$ in e.i$ e.i$en ence ce in s" s"%% %%or ortt o' t( t(e e %eti %etiti tion on 'or 'or reconstit"tion s(ll )e ttc(e$ t(ereto n$ &le$ it( t(e s*e: Pro.i$e$ T(t in cse cse t(e recon reconstit stit"tio "tion n is to )e *$e *$e e+cl"s e+cl"si.e i.el, l, 'ro* 'ro* so"rc so"rces es en"*er en"*erte$ te$ in section 28'9 or 38'9 o' t(is Act t(e %etition s(ll )e '"rt(er cco*%nie$ it( %ln n$ tec(nicl $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, $"l, %%ro.e$ ), t(e C(ie' o' t(e >enerl =n$ /e!istrtion @ce or it( certi&e$ co%, o' t(e $escri%tion tken 'ro* %rior certi&cte o' t(e co.erin! t(e t( e s*e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, Sec 13 T(e co"rt s(ll c"se notice o' t(e %etition &le$ "n$er t(e %rece$in! section to )e %")lis(e$ t t(e e+%ense o' t(e %etitioner tice in s"ccessi.e iss"es o' t(e @cil >#ette n$ to )e %oste$ on t(e *in entrnce o' t(e *"nici%lit, or cit, in (ic( t(e ln$ is sit"te$ t t(e %ro.incil )"il$in! n$ o' t(e *"nici%l )"il$in! t lest t(irt, $,s %rior to t(e $te o' (erin! T(e co"rt s(ll likeise c"se co%, o' t(e notice to )e sent ), re!istere$ *il or ot(erise t t(e e+%ense e+%e nse o' t(e %etitioner to e.er, %erson n*e$ t(erein (ose $$ress is knon t lest t(irt, $,s %rior to t(e $te o' (erin! Si$ notice s(ll stte *on! ot(er t(in!s t(e n"*)er o' t(e lost or $estro,e$ certi&cte o' title i' knon t(e n*e o' t(e re!istere$ oner t(e n*es o' t(e occ"%nts or %ersons in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, t(e oners o' t(e $oinin! %ro%erties n$ n ot(er intereste$ %rties t(e loction re n$ )o"n$ries o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ t(e $te on (ic( ll %ersons (.in! n, interest t(erein *"st %%er n$ &le t(eir cli* or o)ections to t(e %etition T(e %etitioner s(ll t t(e (erin! s")*it %roo' o' t(e %")liction %ostin! n$ ser.ice o' t(e notice s $irecte$ ), t(e co"rt
As t( t(e e Co"r Co"rtt (.e (.e erl erlie ierr "ot "ote$ e$ in '" '"n n t( t(e e %eti %etiti tion on 'or 'or recon econst stit it"t "tio ion n in /econstit"tion Cse o 504P n$ s")stntill, t(e otice o' erin! iss"e$ ), t(e co"rt %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette to!et(er it( t(e Certi&ction o' Postin! ), t(e De%"t, S(eriL it o"l$ not )e $ic"lt tsk to c(eck n$ .eri', (et(er t(e strict n$ *n$tor, re"ire*ents o' Sections 12 n$ 13 o' /e%")lic Act o 26 (.e )een 'it('"ll, co*%lie$ it( ), t(erein %etitioners Psc"ls no t(e %ri.te res%on$ents (ere U%on c"rsor, re$in! o' )ot( t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion n$ t(e notice o' (erin! it is t once %%rent t(t T(nn (s not )een n*e$ cite$ or in$icte$ t(erein s t(e oner occ"%nt or %ossessor o' %ro%ert, $cent to =ot 2 title to (ic( is so"!(t to )e reconstit"te reconstit"te$ $ eit(er eit(er $oes t(e %etition n$ t(e notice stte stte nor *ention t(t T(nn is t(e occ"%nt or %ossessor o' %ortion o' si$ =ot 2 T(e res"lt o' t(is o*ission or 'il"re is t(t T(nn s ne.er noti&e$ o' t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion n$ t(e (erin!s or %rocee$in!s t(erein ;e lso &n$ t(t t(e otice otice o' erin! $irecte$ $irecte$ t(t co%ies t(ereo' t(ereo' )e %oste$ onl, in t(e )"lletin )or$ o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Ps, Cit, n$ no *ore (eres t(e l s%eci&cll, re"ire t(t t(e notice o' t(e %etition s(ll )e %oste$ on t(e *in entrnce o' t(e *"nici%lit, or cit, on (ic( t(e ln$ is sit"te$ t t(e %ro.incil )"il$in! n$ t t(e *"nici%l )"il$in! t lest 30 $,s %rior to t(e $te o' (erin! In t(e instnt cse s certi&e$ to ), De%"t, S(eriL Arsenio C $e >"#*n t(e otice o' erin! s %oste$ on t(e )"lletin )or$ o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l Ps, Cit, Brnc( locte$ t t(e ll o' J"stice Cit, ll B"il$in! Ps, Cit, E.i$entl, t(e otice o' erin! s not %oste$ t t(e *in entrnce o' t(e %ro.incil )"il$in! in Psi! /i#l It s not %oste$ t t(e *in entrnce o' t(e *"nici%l )"il$in! o' "ntinl"% (ere t(e ln$ is no co*%rise$ in Brrio C"%n! or t lest in t(e *"nici%l )"il$in! o' Prn"e (ere Brrio Sn Dionisio s t(en e*)rce$
86
Al',g Develo%-e,t vs =le,zuel11 116 6 8/20/1)82 r;ui! *sil <,
SCRA
261
Fcts: T(e %etition 'or certiorri n$ %ro(i)ition &le$ !inst t(e or$er o' reconstit"tion lle!es t(t t(e %etitioners re re!istere$ oners s e.i$ence$ ), certin Trns'er Certi&ctes o' Title iss"e$ ), t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' /i#l co.erin! %rcels o' ln$ locte$ t Brrio C"%n! "ntinl"% T(e %rcels o' ln$ s"rro"n$e$ ), (i!( %eri*eter ll on t(eir )o"n$ries ere sol$ to innocent %"rc(sers in !oo$ 'it( 'or .l")le consi$ertion s %rt o' Al)n! ills ill!e S")$i.ision one$ ), %etitioner Al)n! De.elo%*ent Cor%ortion *n, o' (o* ere lre$, iss"e$ in t"rn t(e corres%on$in! corres%on$in! Trns'e Trns'err Certi&ctes Certi&ctes o' Title in t(eir '.or '.or T(ese innocent %"rc(sers 'or .l"e (.e )een in o%en ct"l $.erse contin"o"s notorio"s n$ "ninterr"%te$ %ossession o' t(eir res%ecti.e ln$s since 1767 Petitioners lle!e$ t(t in t(e reconstit"tion cse )elo &le$ onl, in 17 (erein res%on$ents s %etitio %et itioners ners t(ere t(ete rein inco%, so"!(t so"!(t to re recon constit o,e$ lost lost certi& cer ti&ct cte e o' title tit le ori!in oriin !inl l n$ onerX onerXs s $"%licte $"%lic lle!e$l, loststit"te or"te $estro,e$ $estr o.er 30 ,ers erlier t(e lst ;orl$ ;r II @n t(e )sis o' t(e tec(nicl $escri%tions contine$ in %etitionersX
titles n$ s %%er in t(e lle!e$ title so"!(t to )e reconstit"te$ t(e ltter o.erl% t(e %rcels o' ln$ one$ ), %etitioners n$ $"l, re!istere$ in t(eir n*e T(e %etitioners lle!e$ t(t )ein! ct"l %ossessors n$ re!istere$ oners ere not ser.e$ it( notice o' t(e (erin! o' t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion in .ioltion o' /e%") e%")li lic c Act Act 26 s" s"c( c( t( t(t t t( t(e e co"r co"rtt "o "o cte cte$ $ i it( t(o" o"tt or in e+ce e+cess ss o' its its "ris$iction in !rntin! t(e reconstit"tion n$ t(t t(ere is no %%el nor %lin s%ee$, n$ $e"te re*e$, in t(e or$inr, co"rse o' l l Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ T(e tril co"rt $i$ not c"ire "ris$iction o.er t /"lin!: T(e Co"rt $enie$ t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion /tionle: U%on e+*intion o' t(e s")ect %etition 'or reconstit"tion t(e Co"rt notes t(t so*e essentil $t re"ire$ in section 12 n$ section 13 o' /e%")lic Act 26 (.e )een o*itte$: t(e nt"re n$ $escri%tion o' t(e )"il$in!s or i*%ro.e*ents (ic( $o not )elon! to t(e oner o' t(e ln$ n$ t(e n*es n$ $$resses o' t(e oners o' s"c( )"il$in!s or i*%ro.e*ents n$ t(e n*es n$ $$resses o' t(e occ"%nts or %ersons in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, o' t(e oners o' t(e $oinin! %ro%erties n$ o' ll %ersons (o *, (.e n, interest in t(e %ro%ert, eit(er $o t(ese $t %%e % %er r in t( t(e e oti otice ce o' er erin in! ! s"c( s"c( t( t(t t no $o $oin inin in! ! one oner r occ" occ"% %nt nt or %ossessor s e.er ser.e$ co%, t(ereo' ), re!istere$ *il or ot(erise An$ since t(e )o.e $t $o not %%er in t(e A*en$e$ Petition t(e s*e $t $o not lso %%er in t(e otice o' erin! o' t(e %etition %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette Ptentl, t(e %ro.isions o' Section 12 (ic( en"*ertes *n$toril, t(e contents o' t(e Petition 'or /econstit"tion n$ Section 13 (ic( si*ilrl, re"ire t(e contents o' t(e otice (.e not )een co*%lie$ it( In .ie o' t(ese *"lti%le o*issions (ic( constit"te const it"te nonco*%lince nonco*%lince it( t(e )o.e cite$ sections sections o' t(e Act T(e Co"rt r"les t(t si$ $e'ects (.e not)ec"se in.este$t(e t(e*nner loer co"rt it( t(e "t(orit, "ris$iction or "ris$iction to %rocee$ it( t(e cse or *o$e o' o)tinin! s %rescri)e$ ), t(e stt"te (ic( is *n$tor, (s not )een strictl, 'olloe$ t(ere), ren$erin! ll %rocee$in!s "tterl, n"ll n$ .oi$
87
Serr vs CA
1)& SCRA 482
3/22/1))1
8SUP/A9
88 Re%u'lic vs R-os *sil <,
16)481 2/22/2010
r;ui!
Fcts: @n Fe)r"r, 23 2001 res%on$ents &le$ Petition 'or /econstit"tion )e'ore t(e /TC /TC T(e lte J"lio /*os !rn$'t(er o' (erein res%on$ents is t(e ori!inl cli*nt o' =ot o 54 o' t(e C$strl S"r.e, o' @rni Btn s e.i$ence$ ), /eloction
Pln o' si$ lot $"l, %%ro.e$ ), t(e C(ie' /e!ionl S"r.e,s Di.ision /"%erto P Sl n$ t(e /e!ionl Tec(nicl Director Eri)erto Al*#nT(e Actin! /e!istrr o' Dee$s o' Btn likeise iss"e$ Certi&ction to t(e eLect t(t @CT o 3613 co.erin! =ot o 54 o' @rni C$stre is not *on! t(e sl.!e$ recor$s o' t(e si$ /e!istr, T(e oners co%, o' @CT o 3613 s lost n$ ll eLorts e+erte$ to locte /e!istr, t(e s*e re in .in T(e si$ =ot o 54 is $eclre$ 'or t+tion %"r%oses in t(e n*e o' J"lio /*os n$ t+es $"e t(ereon re '"ll, %i$ "% to t(e c"rrent ,er T(ere is no $oc"*ent %en$in! re!istrtion it( t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s o' Btn Lectin! si$ =ot 54 /es%on$ents %r,e$ 'or t(e iss"nce o' n or$er $irectin! t(e /e!istrr /e !istrr o' Dee$s to reconst reconstit"te it"te @CT o 3613 on t(e )sis o' t(e %%ro.e$ %%ro.e$ %ln n$ tec(nicl $escri%tion /es%on$ent /e,nl$o /*os e$in 62,er ol$ tc( tec(nicin testi&e$ on t(e *teril lle!tions o' t(e %etition e likeise $eclre$ on t(e itness stn$ t(t (is *ot(er "se$ to kee% t(e oners co%, o' @CT o 3613 D"rin! t(e J%nese occ"%tion (oe.er it s )"rie$ in 'o+(ole n$ since t(en it co"l$ no lon!er )e 'o"n$ /e,nl$o '"rt(er testi&e$ t(t (e n$ (is co(eirs re t(e %resent occ"%nts o' =ot 54 Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ /"lin!: T(e Co"rt $enie$ t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion T(e tril co"rt $i$ not c"ire "ris$iction o.er t(e %etition 'or reconstit"tion /tionle: /A 26 l,s $on t(e s%eci&c %roce$"re 'or t(e reconstit"tion o' lost or $estro,e$ T Torrens orrens certi&ctes o' title title It con'ers "ris$iction "%on tril co"rts to (er n$ $eci$e %etit %e titio ions ns 'or 'or "$ic "$ici ill re reco const nstit" it"tio tion n oe. oe.er er )e'o )e'ore re s si$ i$ co co"r "rts ts cn cn ss"* ss"*e e "ris$iction o.er t(e %etition n$ !rnt t(e reconstit"tion %r,e$ 'or t(e %etitioner *"st o)ser.e certin s%ecil re"ire*ents n$ *o$e o' %roce$"re %rescri)e$ ), l Per"sl Per"s l o' re res%o s%on$en n$ents ts Petitio etition n 'or /econsti econstit"t t"tion ion 'or t(e %"r%os %"r%ose e o' .eri', .eri',in! in! (et(er t(e strict n$ *n$tor, re"ire*ents o' /A 26 %rtic"lrl, Section 12 8)9 n$ 8e9 t(ereo' (.e )een 'it('"ll, co*%lie$ it( o"l$ re.el t(t it $i$ not contin n lle!tion t(t no co-oners *ort!!ees or lessees $"%licte ($ )een iss"e$ or i' n, ($ )een iss"e$ t(e s*e ($ )een lost or $estro,e$ T(e %etition lso 'ile$ to stte t(e n*es n$ $$resses o' t(e %resent occ"%nts o' =ot 54 Corres%on$in!l, t(e otice o' erin! iss"e$ ), t(e co"rt "o $i$ not lso in$icte t(e n*es o' t(e occ"%nts or %ersons in %ossession o' =ot 54 in !ross .ioltion o' Section 13 o' /A 26 Bec"se o' t(ese 'tl o*issions t(e tril co"rt ne.e ne .err c" c"ir ire$ e$ " "ri ris$ s$ic icti tion on o.er o.er res%o es%on$ n$en ents ts %eti %etiti tion on Cons Conse e"e "ent ntl, l, t( t(e e %rocee$in!s it con$"cte$ s ell s t(ose o' t(e CA re n"ll n$ .oi$
8) Rgu vs CA 88&21 E--,uel
1/21/1))1
)0
&74 SCRA 468
,oto: vs *r;ue
Sevill!
=ictor
12/18/2008
Sevill! =ictor E--,uel )1 Ali%o, vs CA 30& SCRA 118 5ose%h )2 CA vs ts "ti,
E=D: A$*inistrti.e A$*inistrt i.e or$er o $e&nes t(e territoril territoril "ris$iction "ris$iction o' /TC in /e!ions /e!ions 1 to 12 o' /TC D.o Del orte Br 1 n$ 2 (s "ris$iction o.er %lon! n$ Br 4 (s "ris$iction To*s ocer Brnc( o' /TC o' 2D.o orte t(et(t %resi$e$ ), J"$!e tso.er (s Sto "ris$iction is i s 11626 Sec o' P$ $el 1527 sttes CFI s(ll (.e (. e "ris$ic "ris$ictio tion n o.er o.er ll %%lic %%lictio tions ns 'or ori!in ori!inll re re!ist !istrt rtion ion o' title title to ln$s ln$s incl"$in! n$ interest t(erein n$ o.er ll %etitions &le$ 'ter ori!inl re!istrtion o' title Also Sec 1 o' PD 1527 %ro.i$es t(t t(e %%liction 'or ln$ re!istrtion s(ll )e &le$ it( CFI no /TC /TC @' t(e %ro.ince or *"nici%lit, (ere t(e ln$ lies Petition 'or re%lce*ent o' lost certi&ctes s in is 1626 s %ro%erl, tken co!ni#nce ), Br 1 o' /TC D.o $el orte since t(e %etition stte$ t(t lots co.ere$ ), t(e lost $"%licte re sit"te$ in %lon! n$ Sto To*s (ic( re )ot( in t(e %ro.ince o' D.o $el orte I' t ll t(ere s n "nittin! .ioltio* o' A$* @r$er (ic( %lces %lon! it(in eit(er Br 1 or 2 n$ Sto To*s it( Br 4 e e+cee$s t(e territoril re o' (is )rnc( 'or t t(e ti*e is 1626 s &le$ Sto To*s (ic( s co*%ose$ o' t(e )rrios o' %lon! s not ,et $eclre$ s non e+istent T(e error consiste$ *erel, o' t(e i*%ro%riet, o' t(e .en"e o' t(e %etition
)3
Ne> Dur>oo vs CA 2&3 SCRA 740 R-irez! re, "ti,
2/20/1))6
FACTS: Petitioner-cor%ortion &le$ %etition 'or "$icil reconstit"tion o' t(e lost onerXs $"%licte certi&ctes o' TCT os 14046 156454 14045 ttc(e$ t(ereto s n '!i$.it o' loss s")se"entl, %etitioner $isco.ere$ t(t t(e ori!inl TCTs on &le it( t(e /D ere cncelle$ n$ in lie" t(ereo'TCTs in t(e n*e o' D"roo$ Cor% Y ="*)er S"%%l, Inc ;ere iss"e$ Petitioner 'o"n$ o"t )o"t t(e reconstit"tion n$ &le$ s"it )e'ore t(e CA %r,in! 'or t(e nn"l*ent o' t(e ssile$ or$er n$ 'or t(e cncelltion o' TCTs in t(e n*e o' D"roo$ CA $is*isse$ t(e s"it n$ in eLect r*e$ /TC /TC or$er $eclrin! $eclrin ! TCT TCTs s 14046 156454 14045 n"ll n$ .oi$ ISSUES: 1 ;(et(er co"rt (s "ris$iction to iss"e ne onerXs $"%licte o' Torrens Certi&cte o' Title (en in 'ct t(e e+istin! onerXs co%, (s not )een lost or $estro,e$ 2 (ic( l !o.erns t(e iss"nce o' ne onerXs $"%licte certi&cte o' title in lie" o' lost ones< E=D: Petition Petit ion s !rnte$ !rnte$ T(e onerXs onerXs $"%lict $"%licte e o' certi&c certi&cte tes s o' title ere ere in t(e %ossession o' t(e %etitionerXs c(ir*n o' t(e )or$ n$ t(e certi&ctes ere not in 'ct lost or $estro,e$ (ence t(ere s no necessit, 'or t(e %etition &le$ in t(e tril co"rt 'or t(e iss"nce o' ne onerXs $"%licte co%, o' certi&cte o' title T(e co"rt ne.er c"ire$ "ris$iction to or$er t(e iss"nce o' ne certi&ctes T("s t(e nel, iss"e$ $"%lictes re n"ll n$ .oi$ T(e re*e$, in cse o' re'"sl or 'il"re o' t(e (ol$er to s"rren$er t(e onerXs $"%licte certi&ctes o' title is %etition in co"rt to co co*%e *%ell s" s"rr rren$ en$er er o' t(e t(e $"%lic $"%lict te e ce cert rti&c i&ct te e to t(e t(e /D n$ n$ not not %eti %etitio tion n 'or 'or reconstit"tion Section 107 o' PD 1527 is t(e l %%lic)le in %etitions 'or iss"nce o' ne onerXs onerX s $"%licte certi&ct certi&cte e o' title (ic( s lost or stolen or $estro,e$ $estro,e$ /A 26 %%lies onl, in cses o' reconstit"tion o' lost or $estro,e$ ori!inl certi&ctes on &le it( t(e /D
)4
?ocheco vs CA Re%u'lic vs# CAF R-irez! re, "ti,
317
SCRA
&04
FACTS: icente "%n!co oner o' "nit in con$i*ini"* )"il$in! in kti &le$ %etition 'or t(e iss"nce o' ne $"%licte certi&cte o' title in lie" o' (is lost co%, %"rs"nt to Sec 107 P$ 1527 /e!ister o' Dee$s o' kti %oste$ no o)ection /TC !rnte$ t(e %etition n$ t(e Solicitor >enerl s '"rnis(e$ it( co%, o' t(e $ecision T(e Solicitor >enerl *o.e$ 'or re.onsi$ertion on t(e !ro"n$ t(t no
co%, o' t(e %etition or notice ($ )een !i.en to (i* /TC $enie$ t(e *otion 'or reconsi$ertion T(e Co"rt) o' A%%els r*e$ /TC or$er or$er ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e @ce o' t(e solicitor >enerl is re"ire$ to )e noti&e$ n$ )e (er$ in %rocee$in! 'or iss"nce o' n onerXs $"%licte certi&cte o' title E=D: CA $ecision s r*e$ r*e$ T(e re"est 'or re%rese re%resenttio nttion n s(o"l$ (.e co*e 'ro* t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' kti (o s t(e %ro%er %rt, to t(is cseK (o s noti&e$ n$ *ni'este$ no o)ection to t(e %etition T(e %etition is nc(ore$ on Sec 107 P$ 1527 $oes not i*%ose noti&ction re"ire*ent in %rocee$in!s 'or t(e iss"nce o' ne onerXs $"%licte certi&cte o' title T(e lck o' notice to t(e Solicitor >enerl s co"nsel 'or t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s s t *ost onl, 'or*l n$ not "ris$ictionl $e'ect
)&
S%ouses A Allczr v vs sA Arr,te 177042 12/10/2012 Re-e,ti,! r. ?rce
Fcts: Petiti etition oner er Cris Crisnto nto Alc# Alc#r r &l &le$ e$ Petiti etition on 'or 'or /econ econst stit it"ti "tion on o' =o =ost st @ner @ners s D"%licte Co%, o' Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title e lle!e$ t(t t(e ori!inl oners ere (is $ecese$ %rents n$ (e is t(e sole (eir Bein! "nknole$!e)le )o"t t(e %roce$"res 'or trns'errin! t(e title o' t(e %ro%ert, in (is n*e (e entr"ste$ to !ro"% !ro"% o' in$i.i$ in$i.i$"ls "ls 8(o i$enti& i$enti&e$ e$ t(e*se t(e*sel.es l.es s connec connecte$ te$ it( it( t(e =n$ /e!istrtion A"t(orit,9 t(e oners $"%licte o' title 'or t(e trns'er trns'er oe.er t(e si$ !ro"% ne.er contcte$ t(e %etitioner T(e 'ct o' its loss s re%orte$ to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Psi! ), , o' A$.it o' =oss T(e /TC o' Psi! r"le$ r "le$ in '.or o' Alc#r $eclrin! t(e oners $"%licte co%, o' title n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ or$erin! t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s o' Psi! to iss"e ne @ners D"%licte o' Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title )se$ on t(e ori!inl t(ereo' on &le in its oce T(e /TC Decision (s )eco*e &nl n$ e+ec"tor, /es%on$ent Arnte &le$ it( t(e Co"rt o' A%%els Petition 'or Ann"l*ent o' Finl Decision Decisio n conten$in! conten$in! t(t t(e /TC /TC ($ no "ris$iction "ris$iction to entertin entertin Alc#rs Alc#rs %etition )ec"se t(e s")ect oners $"%licte title s not in 'ct lost )"t ct"ll, e+ists S(e lle!e$ t(t t(e %etitioners o)tine$ lon 'ro* (er n$ s sec"rit, t(e, e+ec"te$ rel estte *ort!!e o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, S(e $$e$ t(t t(e %etitioners %ersonll, $eli.ere$ n$ t"rne$ o.er t(e ori!inl oners $"%licte co%, o' title D"e to t(e 'il"re o' t(e %etitioners to %, t(eir lon res%on$ent $eci$e$ to re!ister t(e *ort!!e it( t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' Psi! )"t s(e s in'or*e$ t(t t(e %etitioners ($ c"se$ to )e nnotte$ to t(e co%, o' TCT on &le n $.it sttin! t(e oners $"%licte co%, t(ereo' s lost Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e /TC /TC (s "ris$iction "ri s$iction o.er t(e ction 'or reconstit"tion &le$ ), t(e %etitioners
el$?/tio: @ t(e /TC (s no "ris$iction ;(en t(e oners $"%licte certi&cte o' title (s nott )een no )een lo lost st )"t )"t is in 'ct 'ct in t( t(e e %oss %osses essi sion on o' not not(e (err %ers %erson on t( t(en en t( t(e e reconstit"te$ certi&cte is .oi$ )ec"se t(e co"rt t(t ren$ere$ t(e $ecision ($ no "ris$iction /econstit"tion cn .li$l, )e *$e onl, in cse o' loss o' t(e ori!inl certi&cte T("s it( %roo' n$ it( t(e $*ission o' %etitioners t(t t(e oners $"%licte co%, o' t(e TCT s ct"ll, in t(e %ossession o' res%on$ent t(e /TC Decision s %ro%erl, nn"lle$ 'or lck o' "ris$iction
)6
Sel%h vs Aguilr 107 hil# 443 3/2)/1)60 Re-e,ti,! r. ?rce
Fcts: T(e s")ect %ro%ert, s &rst c"ire$ ), S%o"ses C%"le lentin De.illes o)tine$ "$!*ent !inst S%o"ses C%"le n$ t(e ltters ri!(t n$ interest to t(e %ro%ert, ere le.ie$ "%on (ic( c"l*inte$ in t(e sle to De.illes o' t(e ln$ t n "ction T(e sle sl e s note$ on TCT o 4610 4610 C%"le C%"l e &l &le$ e$ Ci Ci.i .ill Cse Cse o o 2614 2614 !i !inst nst De.ill De.illes es (er (erei ein n C%" C%"le le on on n$ n$ t(ere'ter rec"ire$ t(e ln$ t t(e S(eriLXs sle C%"le *ort!!e$ t(e %ro%ert, to nil Tr$in! Tr$in! Y S"%%l, Co to sec"re t(e %,*ent % ,*ent o' 16 %ro*issor, notes De.illes &le$ Ci.il Cse o 3145 to nn"l t(e e+ec"tion o' t(e "$!*ent in '.or o' C%"le n$ to cncel t(e S(eriLXs sle e lso c"se$ otice o' =is Pen$ens to )e inscri)e$ in C%"leXs certi&cte o' title n$ in t(e ln$ recor$s T(e C%"les 'ile$ to %, nil Tr$in! n$ "$!*ent (.in! )een ren$ere$ in '.or o' t(e ltter t(e S(eriL sol$ t(e %ro%ert, t 'oreclos"re sle C%"leXs TCT s cncelle$ n$ ne one TCT o 5 s iss"e$ to nil Tr$in! T(e notice o' =is Pen$ens s nnotte$ in t(is t(i s ne TCT TCT A "$!*ent s ren$ere$ in Ci.il Cse o 3145 in '.or o' De.illes $eclrin! t(e sle in Cse o 2614 n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ or$erin! t(e iss"nce o' ne certi&cte o' title in '.or o' De.illes De.illes sol$ t(e %ro%ert, to S%o"ses A!"ilr n$ >liceri $ $e A!"ilr (erein res%on$ent Inste$ o' s"rren$erin! t(e oners $"%licte o' TCT o 5 to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s s re"ire$ nil Tr$in! sol$ t(e %ro%ert, s")ect to t(e =is Pen$ens to J"li"s /eese /eese %resente$ to t(e co"rt %etition "n$er Act 476 'or cncelltion o' t(e t(e nno nnot ttio tion n o' li lis s %en$e %en$ens ns Acco Accor$ r$in! in! to (i* (i* t(e t(e lis %en$e %en$ens ns *, *, not not $.ersel, Lect (i* )ec"se t(e S"%re*e Co"rt $ecision in Cse o 3145 s not s(on to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s "ntil 'ter 21 ,ers contrr, to Sec 7 o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion = Iss"e: ;(et(er /eese *, in.oke t(e !ro"n$ o' non-en'orce*ent n$ %rescri%tion o' t(e S"%re*e Co"rt $ecision in Ci.il Cse o 3145 to )r t(e iss"nce o' ne TCT in '.or o' res%on$ent
el$?/tio: @ Sec 7 $oes not s, t(t i' t(e "$!*ent is not re!istere$ it(in 60 $,s t(e notice ill not )e )in$in! An$ e.en i' it si$ so t(e "$!*ent ill not )e )in$in! onl, s !inst %ersons ot(er t(n t(e %rties to t(e s"it It is still )in$in! on t(e %rties %rtie s 8t(e C%"les9 n$ t(eir s"ccessors s"ccessors 8nil Tr$in! n$ /eese9 /eese9 %rtic"lrl, %rtic"lrl, )ec )e c"s "se e t( t(e e titles titles o' t(es t(ese e s"cc s"cces esso sors rs )er )er t(e t(e nno nnot ttio tion n re rel lti tin! n! to t(e t(e lis %en$ens Alt(o"!( ction on "$!*ent %rescri)es 'ter ten ,ers t(e %erio$ )e!ins 'ro* t(e ti*e s"c( "$!*ent )eco*es &nl n$ no %roo' e+ists e+ists s to t(e $te (en t(e "$!*ent in Cse o 3145 )ec*e &nl An$ t(en t(e n in so 'r s /eeseXs tte*%t to !et %ossession %ossession t(e $ecision $ecision *, )e in.oke$ in $e'ense s res "$ict (ic( $oes not %rescri)e /eese *, not o)ect on t(e !ro"n$ o' nonen'orce*en /eese nonen'orce*entt n$ %rescri%tion %rescri%tion o' t(e SC $ecision )ec"se i' n, one co"l$ o)ect t(ereto it s t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s (o s clle$ "%on to i*%le*ent t(e or$er o' cncelltion n$ iss"nceK n$ ,et (e (s s(on illin!ness to co*%l, It is tr"e t(t in co*%l,in! t(e /e!ister is no re"irin! /eese in t"rn to s"rren$er (is title B"t t(e ltter *, not %ro%erl, re'"se )ec"se (e erecei.e$ title t(e (iss")ec "n$ertkin! to res%ect t(e o"tco* o"tco*e o' t(e s"c( liti!t liti!tion ion 'ro* t(e tit title le /e!ister )ein! )ein! e+%r e+"%on %ress essl, l, s") ectt t(ere t(ereto to ), t(e nnottion o' lis %en$ens nil Tr$in!s re'"sl or 'il"re to s"rren$er t(e title "%on t(e re"est o' t(e /e!ister e!ister o' Dee$s Dee$s !.e !.e De.ille De.illes s s"cces s"ccessor sors s t(e ri!(t to %et %etitio ition n t(e co"rt co"rt 'or %%ro%rite or$ers
)7 (igo, vs CA r. ?rce
244 SCRA 6)3
6/1/1))& Re-e,ti,!
Fcts: I!lesi I!le si ni risto risto 8I9 8I9 &le$ &le$ co co*%l *%lint int 'or s%eci& s%eci&c c %er'or %er'or*n *nce ce it( it( $*!e $*!es s !inst Isl*ic Directorte P(ili%%ines lle!in! ), .irt"e o't(e n A)sol"tet(e Dee$ o' Sle IDP sol$o'tot(e it to %rcels8IDP9 o' ln$ )ot( t(t o' (ic( IDP is re!istere$ oner T(e, sti%"lte$ in t(e Dee$ t(t IDP s(ll "n$ertke to e.ict ll s"tters n$ ille!l occ"%nts in t(e %ro%ert, it(in 45 $,s 'ro* t(e e+ec"tion o' t(e contrct IDP 'ile$ to '"l&ll its o)li!tion (ence I %r,s t(t t(e tril co"rt or$er IDP to co*%l, n$ to %, $*!es IDP conten$e$ t(t it s I (ic( .iolte$ t(e contrct ), $el,in! t(e %,*ent o' t( t(e e %"rc( %"rc(s se e %rice %rice n$ n$ %r,e %r,e$ $ t(t t(t t(e co cont ntr rct ct o' s sle le )e re resc scin$ in$e$ e$ n$ n$ re.oke$ T(e tril co"rt ren$ere$ %rtil "$!*ent !rntin! t(e relie's %r,e$ 'or ), I e+ce% e+ ce%tt $*!e $*!es s I &le$ *otion *otion %r,in! %r,in! t(t %etitio %etitioner ner =i!on =i!on (o s in %ossession o' t(e certi&ctes o' title o.er t(e %ro%erties )e $irecte$ to s"rren$er t(e certi&ctes to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e A)sol"te Dee$ o' Sle in its n*e I lle!e$ t(t t(e $oc"*ent co"l$ not )e re!istere$ )ec"se o'
t(e re'"sl n$?or 'il"re o' %etitioner to $eli.er t(e certi&ctes o' title $es%ite re"ests T(e tril co"rt !rnte$ t(e *otion o' I n$ or$ere$ %etitioner %etiti oner to s"rren$er to I t(e oners co%, o' t(e certi&ctes o' title 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e A)sol"te Dee$ o' Sle in Is n*e n$ t(e nnottion o' t(e ne *ort!!e e+ec"te$ in '.or o' %etitioner on t(e ne trns'er certi&ctes o' title to )e iss"e$ to I Iss"e: ;(et(er I (s s"%erior ri!(t to t(e %ossession o' t(e oners co%ies o' t(e certi&ctes o' title el$?/tio: ES Un$er o"r ln$ re!istrtion l no n o .ol"ntr, instr"*ent i nstr"*ent s(ll )e re!istere$ ), t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s "nless t(e oners $"%licte certi&cte is %resente$ to!et(er it( s"c( instr"*ent e+ce%t in so*e cses or "%on or$er o' t(e co"rt 'or c"se s(on In cse t(e %erson in %ossession o' t(e $"%licte certi&ctes re'"ses or 'ils to s"rren$er t(e s*e to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s so t(t .ol"ntr, $oc"*ent *, )e re!istere$ n$ ne certi&cte iss"e$ Sec 10 C(%ter 10 o' PD o 1527 sttes: S"rren$er o' it((el$ $"%licte certi&ctes_;(ere it is necessr, to iss"e ne certi&cte o' title %"rs"nt to n, in.ol"ntr, instr"*ent (ic( $i.ests t(e title o' t(e re!istere$ oner !inst (is consent or (ere .ol"ntr, instr"*ent cnnot )e re!istere$ ), reson o' t(e re'"sl or 'il"re o' t(e (ol$er to s"rren$er t(e oners $"%licte certi&cte o' title t(e %rt, in interest *, &le %etition in co"rt to co*%el s"rren$er o' t(e s*e to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s T(e co"rt 'ter (erin! *, or$er t(e re!istere$ oner or n, %erson it((ol$in! t(e $"%licte certi&cte to s"rren$er t(e s*e n$ $irect t(e entr, o' ne certi&cte or *e*orn$"* "%on "%o n s"c( s"c( s"rre s"rren$er n$er I' t(e %erson %erson it((ol it((ol$in! $in! t(e $"%lic $"%licte te certi& certi&ct cte e is not *en)le to t(e %rocess o' t(e co"rt or i' 'or n, reson t(e o"tstn$in! oners $"%licte certi&cte cnnot )e $eli.ere$ t(e co"rt *, or$er t(e nn"l*ent o' t(e s*e s ell iss"ncet(ereo' o' ne certi&cte title in lie" t(ereo' S"c( ne certi&cte n$s llt(e $"%lictes s(ll contin o' *e*orn$"* o' t(e nn"l*ent o' t(e o"tstn$in! $"%licte Sec 2 o' PD o 1527 eli*inte$ t(e $istinction )eteen t(e !enerl "ris$iction .este$ in t(e re!ionl tril co"rt n$ t(e li*ite$ "ris$iction con'erre$ "%on it ), t(e 'or*er l (en ctin! *erel, s c$strl co"rt Ai*e$ t .oi$in! *"lti%licit, o' s"its t(e c(n!e (s si*%li&e$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s ), con'errin! "%on t(e re re!io !ion nll tr tri ill co"rt co"rts s t(e t(e "t(o "t(orit rit, , to ct ct not not onl, onl, on %%li %%lic ctio tions ns 'or 'or or ori!i i!in nll re!istrtion )"t lso o.er ll %etitions &le$ 'ter ori!inl re!istrtion o' title it( %oe %o err to (er (er n$ n$ $ete $eter* r*ine ine ll ll "est "estio ions ns risi risin! n! "%on "%on s" s"c( c( %%l %%lic ict tio ions ns or %etitions E.en (ile Sec 10 o' PD 1527 s%eks o' %etition (ic( cn )e &le$ ), one (o nts to co*%el not(er to s"rren$er t(e certi&ctes o' title to t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s t(is $oes not %recl"$e %rt, to %en$in! cse to incl"$e s inci$ent
t(erein t(e relie' stte$ "n$er si$ section es%ecill, i' t(e s")ect certi&ctes o' title to )e s"rren$ere$ re inti*tel, connecte$ it( t(e s")ect *tter o' t(e %rinci%l ction T(e %rinci%l ction &le$ ), I s 'or s%eci&c %er'or*nce it( i t( $*!es )se$ on $oc"*ent $oc"*ent o' sle S"c( ction s ell it(in t(e e+cl"si.e e+cl"si.e "ris$iction "ris$iction o' t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt ;(en IDP $i$ not "estion t(e !en"ineness n$ .li$it, o' si$ $ee$ o' sle n$ its o)li!tions t(ere"n$er t(e s"**r, "$!*ent iss"e$ ), t(e co co"rt "rt !rnti !rntin! n! t(e t(e re relie lie's 's so"!( so"!(tt ), I I s s lso lso n e+er e+erci cise se o' its its !ener !enerll "ris$iction ence (en I &le$ *otion 'or t(e iss"nce o' n or$er 'ro* t(e s*e co"rt to co*%el t(e (ol$er o' t(e $"%licte certi&ctes o' title to s"rren$er t(e s*e to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e $ee$ o' sle s")ect o' t(e %rinci%l ction t(e *otion s necessr, inci$ent to t(e *in cse
)8
N* v vs s e er,,ez 61 h hil# 4 44 48 S,chez! A,to,io
))
Avest vs Cguio,
100 Cu.ug, vs S. ui S,chez! A,to,io
&/13/1)3&
146 SCRA 4&) 24 hil# &67
12/2)/1)86
3/27/2013
101 10 1 De Dell r ro o vs C C' 'll ller ero o 1482 14822& 2& 3/ 3/3/ 3/20 2010 10 102 10 2 Co Co,c ,ce% e%ci cio, o, v vs s Co Co,c ,ce% e%ci cio, o, 448 448 SC SCRA RA 3 31 1 1/ 1/11 11/2 /200 00& & S,chez! A,to,io 103 So,s vs CA Chrisl., ith
2&8 SCRA 7) 7/&/1))6 "guili,g!
Fcts: Do*in!o Pilres &le$ 'or collection o' s"* o' *one, !inst Ernesto U,c(oc$e @n J"ne 25 170 Co*%ro*ise A!ree*ent s entere$ into ), t(e %rties % rties in t(e si$ cse cse "n$er "n$er (ic( (ic( U,c(oc U,c(oc$e $e c ckno knole$ le$!e$ !e$ (is *onet *onetr, r, o)li! o)li!tio tion n to Pilr Pilres es *o"ntin! to P200 n$ !ree$ to %, t(e s*e in to ,ers 'ro* J"ne 25 170oe 170 oe.er .er U,c(oc$e 'ile$ to co*%l, it( (is "n$ertkin! in t(e co*%ro* co*%ro*ise ise !ree*ent so Pilres *o.e$ 'or t(e iss"nce o' rit o' e+ec"tion to en'orce t(e $ecision )se$ on t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent T(e co"rt !rnte$ ! rnte$ it so S(eriL >rci %resente$ si$ notice o' le., on e+ec"tion )e'ore t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' rikin n$ t(e s*e s nnotte$ t t(e )ck o' TCT o 703
en(ile s%o"ses U,c(oc$e !ree$ to sell %rcel o' resi$entil ln$ to s%o"ses Son S ons s on instll instll*en *entt )sis s e.i$enc e.i$ence$ e$ ), Contrct Contrct to Sell @n A"!"st 2 174 t(e Sons co"%le c"se$ t(e nnottion o' n $.erse cli* )se$ on t(e si$ Contrct to Sell on t(e title o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert,U%on '"ll %,*ent o' t(e %"rc(se %rice t(e U,c(oc$es e+ec"te$ Dee$ o' Sle in.ol.in! t(e %ro%ert, in "estion in '.or o' t(e Sons co"%le on Se%te*)er 4 174 ence TCT o 703 s cncelle$ n$ TCT o 10741 s iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' t(e Sons co"%le T(e notice o' le., on e+ec"tion nnotte$ ), $e'en$nt s(eriL s crrie$ o.er to t(e ne title T(e Sons s%o"ses $e*n$e$ t(e cncelltion o' t(e notice o' le., on e+ec"tion "%on Pilres )"t Pilres re'"se$ to c"se t(e cncelltion o' si$ nnottion Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e $.erse cli* inscri)e$ in t(e Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title o 17041 still in 'orce (en S(eriL >rci c"se$ t(e notice o' le., on e+ec"tion to )e re!istere$ n$ nnotte$ in t(e si$ title el$: es es In scertinin! t(e %erio$ o' eLecti.it, o' n inscri%tion o' $.erse cli* e *"st re$ t(e l in its entiret, entiret, Sentence t(ree t( ree %r!r%( to o' Section 0 o' PD PD 1527 %ro.i$es: GT(e $.erse cli* s(ll )e eLecti.e 'or %erio$ o' t(irt, $,s'ro* t(e $te o' re!istrtionH At &rst )l"s( t(e %ro.ision %ro.ision in "estion o"l$ see* to restrict t(e eLecti.it, eLecti.it, o' t(e $.erse cli* to t(irt, $,s B"t t(e )o.e %ro.ision cnnot n$ s(o"l$ not )e trete$ se%rtel, )"t s(o"l$ )e re$ in reltion to t(e sentence 'olloin! (ic( re re$s $s:: GA'ter A'ter t(e l%se l%se o' si$ si$ %erio$ %erio$ t(e nnot nnottio tion n o' $.ers $.erse e cli* cli* *, )e cncelle$ "%on &lin! o' .eri&e$ %etition t(ere'or ), t(e %rt, in interestH I' t(e rtionle o' t(e l s 'or t(e $.erse cli* to i%so 'cto lose 'orce n$ eLect 'ter t(e l%se o' t(irt, $,s t(en it o"l$ not (.e )een necessr, to incl"$e t(e 'ore!oin! 'ore!oin! c.et c.et to clri', clri', n$ co*%lete co*%lete t(e r"le For t(en no $.erse $.erse cli* nee$ )eo"l$ cncelle$ I' itre"ire$ (s )een "to*ticll, ter*inte$ ), *ere l%se o' ti*e t(e l not (.e t(e %rt, in interest to $o "seless ct It s(o"l$ )e note$ t(t t(e l e*%lo,s t(e %(rseG*, )e cncelle$H (ic( o).io"sl, in$ictes s in(erent in its $ecision *kin! %oer t(t t(e co"rt *, or *, not or$er t(e cncelltion o' n $.erse cli* notit(stn$in! s"c( %ro.ision li li*i *iti tin! n! t( t(e e eLec eLecti ti.i .it, t, o' n $.e $.ers rse e cl cli i* * 'or 'or t( t(ir irt, t, $,s $,s 'r 'ro* o* t( t(e e $te $te o' re!istrtion T(e co"rt cnnot )e )o"n$ ), s"c( %erio$ s it o"l$ )e inconsistent it( it ( t( t(e e .er, .er, "t( "t(or orit it, , .est .este$ e$ in it A 'o 'ort rtio iori ri t(e t(e li*it li*itt tio ion n on t(e t(e %erio %erio$ $ o' eLecti.it, is i**teril in $eter*inin! t(e .li$it, or in.li$it, o' n $.erse cli* (ic( is t(e %rinci%l iss"e to )e $eci$e$ in t(e co"rt (erin! It ill t(ere'ore $e%en$ "%on t(e e.i$ence t %ro%er (erin! 'or t(e co"rt to $eter*ine (et(er it ill or$er t(e cncelltion o' t(e $.erse cli* or not To inter%ret t(e eLecti.it, %erio$ o' t(e $.erse cli* s )sol"te n$ it(o"t "li&ction li*ite$ to t(irt, $,s $e'ets t(e .er, %"r%ose 'or (ic( t(e stt"te %ro.i$es 'or t(e re*e$, o' n inscri%tion o' $.erse cli* s t(e nnottion o' n $.erse cli* is *es"re
$esi!ne$ to %rotect t(e interest o' %erson o.er %iece o' rel %ro%ert, (ere t(e re!istrtion o' s"c( interest or ri!(t is not ot(erise %ro.i$e$ 'or ), t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act or Act 476 8no PD 1527 or t(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree9 n$ ser.es s rnin! to t(ir$ %rties $elin! it( si$ %ro%ert, t(t so*eone is cli*in! n interest on t(e s*e or )etter ) etter ri!(t t(n t(e re!istere$ oner t(ereo' t(ereo' ence t(e $is%"te$ inscri%tions o' $.erse cli* on t(e Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title o 703 o 703 s still still in eLect eLect on Fe)r"r, e)r"r, 12 175 175 (en (en "e#on "e#on Cit, S(eriL /o)erto >rci nnotte$ t(e notice o' le., on e+ec"tion t(ereto t(ereto
104 Register of Dees vs Nic,ro 111 4/2)/1)61 "guili,g! Chrisl., Chrisl., ith ith
hil#
)8)
Fcts: Peo%leXs Peo%l eXs o*esit o*esite e n$ o"sin! o"sin! Cor%or Cor%orti tion on 8PC9 8PC9 sol$ sol$ to t(e /e()ili e()ilitt ttion ion Finnce Cor%ortion Cor%ortion no t(e De.elo%*ent De.elo%*ent Bnk o' t(e P(ili%%ines 8DBP9 157 lots (ic ( ic( ( er ere in incl cl"$ "$e$ e$ in lr lr!er !er %r %rcel cel o' ln$ ln$ co.e co.erre$ ), TCT o o 1356 1356 S")se"entl, it(o"t t(e knole$!e o' t(e DBP: 19 t( t(e e 157 157 lots lots er ere e se!r se!re! e!t te$ e$ n$ n$ ne ne tr trns ns'e 'err cert certi&c i&ct te e o' title title o o 3653 36533 3 co.erin! t(e s*e s iss"e$K 29 t( t(t t t(e t(e s")$i s")$i.i .isi sion on %ln %ln se!r se!re! e!t tin in! ! t(e* t(e* s not not nnot nnott te$ e$ on t(e t(e )i!!e )i!!err title o o 1356K 1356K 39 t(e 'ct 'ct t(t t(t title o o 1356 s %ro %ro tnto tnto cncelle$ cncelle$ ), t(e ne title o 36533 49 PC sol$ 2 %rcel %rcel o' ln$s (ic( ere ere *on! t(e 157 lots lots lre lre$, $, sol$ to t(e %%ellnt DBP A *ont( lter onesto C icn$ro n$ Elis F icn$ro %resente$ to t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s 'or re!istrtion to $ee$s o' sle e+ec"te$ ), t(e PC in t(eir '.or ,et ere $enie$ re!istrtion ence icn$ros &le$ $.its o' $.erse cli* o.er t(e to lots (ic( ere nnotte$ on TCT o 3653 to %rotect t(eir ri!(t DBP on t(e ot(er (n$ $isco.erin! t(t t(e lots it ($ %"rc(se$ re lre$, co.ere$ ), TCT o 36533 c"se$ t(e nnottion t(ereon o' its $ee$ o' sle o' @cto)er 20 1755 Iss"e: ;(et(er $.erse cli* is t(e ri!(t re*e$, 'or t(e icn$ros el$: o QSEC 110 %ro.i$es t(t G;(oe.er cli*s n, ri!(t or interest in re!istere$ ln$ $.erse to t(e re!istere$ oner risin! s")se"ent to t(e $te o' t(e ori!inl re!istrtio re!is trtion n *, i' no ot(er %ro.ision %ro.ision is *$e in t(is Act 'or re!isterin! re!isterin! t(e s*e *ke stte*ent in ritin! settin! 'ort( '"ll, (is lle!e$ ri!(t or interest n$ (o or "n$er (o* c"ire$ n$ re'erence to t(e .ol"*e n$ %!e o' t(e certi&cte o' title o' t(e re!istere$ oner n$ $escri%tion o' t(e ln$ in (ic( t(e ri!(t or interest is cli*e$ + + +Q
In t(is cse Alt(o"!( $*itte$l, e (.e (ere cse o' $o")le sle ct"ll, t(is is not n instnce o' $o")le re!istrtion @nl, t(e $ee$ o' sle in '.or o' %%ellnt s inscri)e$ on t(e certi&cte o' title co.erin! t(e lots in "estion T(e icn$ros ere e re not not )le )le to re re!is !iste terr t(ei t(eirr $ee$ $ee$s s o' sle sleKK In Inst ste e$ $ in'or in'or*e *e$ $ o' t(e %rior %rior re!istrtion ), t(e DBP t(e, so"!(t to %rotect t(eir ri!(t ), &lin! $.erse cli*s )se$ on t(e si$ $ee$s o' sle "n$er Section 110 o' Act476 It is cler 'ro* t(e )o.e "ottion t(t 'or t(is s%ecil re*e$, 8$.erse cli*9 to )e .ile$ o' it *"st )e s(on t(t t(ere is no ot(er %ro.ision in t(e l 'or re!istrtion o' t(e cli*ntXs lle!e$ ri!(t or interest in t(e %ro%ert, T(e (erein cli* o' t(e icn$ros is )se$ on %er'ecte$ contrct o' sle e+ec"te$ in t(eir '.or ), t(e l'"l oner o' t(e ln$ Consi$erin! t(t t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act s%eci&cll, %rescri)es t(e %roce$"re 'or re!istrtion o' .en$eeXs ri!(t on re!istere$ %ro%ert, t(e re*e$, %ro.i$e$ in Section Sectio n 110 ;(ic( s resorte$ to n$ in.oke$ in.oke$ ), %%ellees %%ellees o"l$ )e ineLecti.e ineLecti.e 'or t(e %"r%ose o' %rotectin! t(eir si$ ri!(t or interest on t(e to lots F"rt(er*ore t(e $.erse cli* o' t(e icn$ros s nnotte$ on TCT o 35633 onl, on Fe)r"r, 1 1757 n$ t(e sle to t(e DBP s re!istere$ s o' Jn"r, 15 1757 t(e certi&cte o' title on t(e to lots in contro.ers, s(o"l$ )e iss"e$ in '.or o' t(e &rst re!istrnt t(e DBP
10& =illGor vs 5uez, 184 SCRA 31& "guili,g! Chrisl., ith
4/17/1))0
Fcts: @n Fe)r"r, 22 1761 J"e#n re!istere$ (is $.it o' $.erse cli* in Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title o T121 8'or*erl, %rt o' @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title 069 "n$er %ri*r, entr, o 2603 o' t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' D.o @n rc( 1 1761 J"e#n &le$ Ci.il Cse 3476 seekin! 'ro* illRor t(e s"rren$er o' oners $"%licte o' Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title T121 in or$er t(t t(e $ee$ o' sle in (is '.o '.orr ill ill )e re re!is !iste tere re$ $ or nno nnot tte te$ $ in t(e t(e cert certi&c i&ct te e o' title title J" J"e# e#n n '"rt( '"rt(er er "estione$ t(e .li$it, o' t(e $ee$ o' sle in '.or o' illRor ore t(n 'o"r 849 ,ers ore ,ers 'ter J"e#ns J"e#ns $.erse $.erse cli* s nnotte$ nnotte$ t(t is on @cto @c to)er )er 15 15 1765 1765 n$ n$ (ile (ile c cse se o o 3476 3476 is %en$i %en$in! n! ill illRo Rorr %res %resent ente$ e$ 'or 'or re!istrtion to 829 $ee$s o' sle Lectin! t(e ln$ s")ect o' t(e ction t(e &rst $te$ rc( 21 1763 con.e,in! 616 (ectres n$ t(e secon$ $te$ Se%te*)er 6 176 con.e,in! con.e,in! t(e re*inin! 30217 (ectres (ectres n$ s conse"ence conse"ence Trns'er rns'er Certi&cte o' Title T121 s cncelle$ so Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title T601 s iss"e$ to illRor illRor (erein t(e $.erse $.erse cli* nnotte$ s crrie$ on Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e $.erse cli* o' J"re# s(o"l$ )e cncelle$ el$:
es es T(e )sis o' Ci.il Ci.i l Cse o 3476 is $ee$ o' )sol"te sle $te$ J"l, 1756 lle!e$l, e+ec"te$ ), Si*on !(n, in '.or o' J"e#n T(is T (is $oc"*ent is lso t(e )sis o' t(e A$.it o' A$.erse Cli* or$ere$ cncelle$ ), t(e tril co"rt T(e %"r%ose o' si$ $.erse cli* is to %rotect t(e interest o' t(e %%ellnt %en$in! t(is liti!tion T("s consi$erin! t(t notice o' lis %en$ens ($ )een nnotte$ on T TCT CT o T601 T 601 i t(e Co"rt &n$s no )sis 'or *intinin! t(e $.erse cli* T(is Co"rt sees no reson 'or $ist"r)in! t(e "estione$ or$er o' t(e tril co"rt $te$ A"!"st 25 176 $irectin! t(e cncelltion o' t(e J"e#ns $.erse cli* t t(e )ck o' trns'er certi&cte o' Title o T601 T(e notice o' lis %en$ens &le$ ), J"e#n Lectin! t(e s*e %ro%ert, in connection it( Ci.il Cse o 3476 is s"cient
106 Chi,g vs E,rile &6& SCRA 402 "ri,i! Nth,iel
)/17/2008
FACTS: @n Se%te*)er 5 175 %etitioners %"rc(se$ 'ro* certin /,*"n$ = F"ente 30a-s"re *eter lot co.ere$ ), TCT o 361 bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b = F"ente $eli.ere$ to %etitioners $"l, notri#e$ Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle it( t(e @ner @n ers s D"%lic D"%licte te Certi&c Certi&cte te o' Ti Title tle n$ t(ere' t(ere'ter ter %etitio %etitioner ners s took took %(,sic %(,sicl l %ossession o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b T(e con.e,nce s not re!istere$ in t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s s %rescri)e$ ), Section 51 o' PD 1527 Inste$ on o.e*)er 20 176 %etitioners e+ec"te$ n A$.it o' A$.erse Cli* (ic( s recor$e$ n$ nnotte$ nn otte$ t t(e )ck o' TCT o o 361 reRecte$ in t(e e*orn$"* o' Enc"*)rnces "n$er Entr, o 6a 62262 bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b @n A"!"st A"!"st 17 17_t 17_t(re (ree e ,ers ,ers 'ter 'ter t(e, t(e, %"rc( %"rc(se$ se$ t(e $is%"te $is%"te$ $ %ro%e %ro%ert, rt, %etitioners recei.e$ otice o' =e., on Attc(*ent n$ ;rit o' E+ec"tion iss"e$ ), t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt 8/TC9 o' Psi! in '.or o' res%on$ents in Ci.il Cse o 5461 entitle$ S%s A$ol'o Enrile Enril e n$ Arseni Arseni Enrile . /,*"n$ = F"ente T(e otice o' =e., on Attc(*ent s recor$e$ t t(e $orsl %ortion o' TCT o 361 "n$er Entr, o 3433a2 (ile t(e ;rit o' E+ec"tion s inscri)e$ "n$er Entr, o 3434a2 Also inscri)e$ in t(e TCT is t(e Certi&cte o' Sle $te$ Jn"r, 26 177 co.erin! t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, in '.or o' res%on$ents bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b Petition Petit ioners ers &le$ &le$ Petit Petition ion to /e*o.e e*o.e Clo"$ Clo"$ on or "iet "iet Title Title to /el /el Pro%e Pro%ert, rt, ssertin! oners(i% o' t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b T(e /TC ren$ere$ "$!*ent in '.or o' %etitioners "%(ol$in! t(e ltters s"%erior ri! ri!(t (t o.er o.er t(e %rior $is%"t $is%"te$ e$t(e %ro% %ro%ert ert, , in .i .ie eSle o' nnotte$ t(e t(e re re!is !istr trt tio n o' o' t(e t(eres%on$ents A$ A$.it .it o' A$.erse Cli* to Certi&cte o' inion '.or bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b
/es%on$en es%on$ents ts %%ele %%ele$ $ to t(e CA %rinci% %rinci%ll, ll, r!"in! r!"in! t(t t(t t(e /TC co**it co**itte$ te$ re re.er .ersi)l si)le e error error in r"lin! r"lin! t(t t(t %etitio %etitioner ners s ($ )etter )etter ri!(t o.er o.er t(e $is%"te$ $is%"te$ %ro%ert, /es%on$ents t(eori#e$ t(t t(e %rior con.e,nce o' t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, *$e ), = F"ente to %etitioners )ein! .ol"ntr, $elin! it( re!istere$ ln$ *ere re!istrtion o' t(eir $.erse cli* s ins"cient To res%on$ents in or$er to (.e (. e %etitio %etitioner ners s inter interest est %rotec %rotecte$ te$ t(e, t(e, s(o"l$ s(o"l$ (.e (.e re!ist re!ister ere$ e$ t(e Dee$ Dee$ o' A)sol"te Sle it( t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s %"rs"nt to Section 51 o' PD 1527 n$ not *erel, re!ister n $.erse cli* "n$er Section 0 o' t(e s*e l Citin! t(e secon$ %r!r%( o' Section 0 (ic( %ro.i$es t(t n $.erse cli* s(ll )e eLecti eLe cti.e .e 'or %erio$ %erio$ o' t(irt, t(irt, $,s $,s 'ro* 'ro* t(e $te $te o' re re!ist !istrt rtion ion res%on$en res%on$ents ts insiste$ t(t t(e nnotte$ A$.erse Cli* o' %etitioners ($ lre$, e+%ire$ (ence it oLere$ no %rotection (en res%on$ents c"ire$ t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, t(ro"!( e+ec"tion sle bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b T(e CA ren$ere$ t(e (erein c(llen!e$ c(llen !e$ $ecision re.ersin! t(t o' t(e /TC E.en s t(e CA .iee$ t(e %rior sle o' t(e $is%"te$ lot in '.or o' %etitioners s %er'ecte$ n$ cons"**te$ it nonet(eless "%(el$ res%ona$ents %re'erentil ri!(t o.er t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b T(e CA $eclre$ t(t res%on$ents s ttc(in! cre$itors (o re!istere$ t(e or$er o' ttc(*ent n$ t(e sle o' t(e %ro%ert, to t(e* s t(e (i!(est )i$$ers c"ire$ .li$ title to t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, s !inst %etitioners (o ($ %re.io"sl, )o"!(t t(e s*e %ro%ert, 'ro* t(e re!istere$ oner )"t 'ile$ to re!ister t(eir $ee$ o' sle bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbb b T(e CA '"rt(er $eclre$ res%on$ents s %"rc(sers in !oo$ 'it( @n t(e %re*ise t(t %etitioners &lin! o' t(e A$.it o' A$.erse Cli* s %roce$"rll, Re$ n$ t(t t(e nnotte$ $.erse cli* ($ lre$, %rescri)e$ on Dece*)er 20 176 'ter t(e l%se o' 30 $,s 'ro* its re!istrtion (ic( s o.e*)er 20 176 t(e CA r"le$ t(t it cnnot )ere consi$ere$ s"cient t(ir$ %erson like t(e res%on$ents res% on$ents (o ere not r e o' t(e sle o' t(e notice $is%"te$ $is%"teto $ lot to %etitioners %etitioner s %rior to t(e le., on ttc(*ent ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e $.erse cli* is still .li$ /U=I>: T(e $.erse cli* is still .li$ T(e Co"rt &n$s t(t t(e CA co**itte$ re.ersi)le error (en it r"le$ t(t t(e nnotte$ $.erse cli* ($ lre$, %rescri)e$ ), t(e *ere l%se o' 30 $,s 'ro* its its re re!is !istr trt tio ion n T(e iss"e iss"e is no lo lon!e n!err o' &r &rst st i*%re i*%ress ssio ion n In t(e t(e 1776 1776 c cse se o' Sons . 'ter Co"rtt(e o' l%se A%%else e+%line$ t(t notice o' cli* re*ins .li$ e.en o' t(e 30 a$, %erio$ %ro.i$e$ ), $.erse Section 0 o' PD 1527 Section 0 %ro.i$es:
G;(oe. G;(o e.er er cl cli* i*s s n, n, %rt %rt or inter interes estt in re re!is !iste tere re$ $ ln$ ln$ $.e $.ers rse e to t(e t(e re!istere$ oner risin! s")se"ent to t(e $te o' t(e ori!inl re!istrtion *, i' no ot(e ot(err %ro. %ro.isi ision on is *$e *$e in t(is t(is Decr Decree ee 'or 'or re re!is !iste teri rin! n! t(e t(e s s*e *e *ke *ke stte*ent in ritin! settin! 'ort( '"ll, (is lle!e$ ri!(t or interest n$ (o or "n$er (o* c"ire$ re'erence to t(e n"*)er o' t(e certi&cte o' title o' t(e re!istere$ oner n$ $escri%tion o' t(e ln$ in (ic( t(e ri!(t or interest is cli*e$ T(e stte*ent s(ll )e si!ne$ n$ sorn to n$ s(ll stte t(e $.erse cli*nts resi$ence n$ %lce t (ic( ll notices *, )e ser.e$ "%on (i* T(is stte*ent stte *ent s(ll )e entitle$ entitle$ to re!istrtio re!istrtion n s n $.erse $.erse cli* on t(e certi&cte certi&cte o' title T(e $.erse cli* s(ll )e eLecti.e 'or %erio$ o' t(irt, $,s 'ro* t(e $te o' re!istrtion A'ter t(e l%se o' si$ %erio$ t(e nnottion o' $.erse cli* *, )e cncelle$ "%on &lin! o' .eri&e$ %etition t(ere'or ), t(e %rt, in interest Pro.i$e$ (oe.e (o e.err t(t t(t ' 'ter ter cncellt cncelltion ion no secon$ secon$ $.ers $.erse e cli* cli* )se$ )se$ on t(e s*e s*e !ro"n$ s(ll )e re!istere$ ), t(e s*e cli*ntH In t(e s*e cse e (el$ t(t 'or s lon! s t(ere is ,et no %etition 'or its cncelltion t(e notice o' $.erse cli* re*ins s")sistin!: T("s: GAt &rst )l"s( t(e %ro.ision in "estion o"l$ see* to restrict t(e eLecti.it, o' t(e $.erse cli* to t(irt, $,s B"t t(e )o.e %ro.ision cnnot n$ s(o"l$ not )e trete$ se%rtel, )"t s(o"l$ )e re$ in reltion to t(e sentence 'olloin! (ic( re$s: A'ter t(e l%se o' si$ %erio$ t(e nnottion o' t(e $.erse cli* *, )e cncelle$ "%on &lin! o' .eri&e$ %etition t(ere'or ), t(e %rt, in interest I' t(e rtionle o' t(e l s 'or t(e $.erse cli* to i%so 'cto lose 'orce n$ eLect 'ter t(e l%se o' t(irt, $,s t(en it o"l$ not (.e )een necessr, to incl"$e t(e 'ore!oin! 'ore!oin! c.et c.et to clri', clri', n$ co*%lete co*%lete t(e r"le For t(en no $.erse $.erse cli* nee$ )e cncelle$ I' it (s )een "to*ticll, ter*inte$ ), *ere l%se o' ti*e t(e l o"l$ not (.e re"ire$ t(e %rt, in interest to $o "seless ctH In %etition $.erse (erin! con$"cte$ T(e (erin! 'or illcncelltion Lor$ t(e o'%rties ncli* o%%ort"nit, to *"st %ro.e&rst t(e)e%ro%riet, or i*%ro%riet, o' t(e $.erse cli*
107 (oz,o vs *llesteros 1)& SCRA 681 "ri,i! Nth,iel
4/8/1))1
FACTS: ri ie.es "ne# T"#on $ecese$ *ot(er o' t(e %lintiLs s t(e ori!inl re!istere$ e+cl"si.e oner o' t(e ln$ in "estion co*%risin! =ots B n$ @ s e.i$ence$ ), @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title o 4606 oe.er onl, =ot is t(e s")ect o' t(is %resent ction B, .irt"e o' $ee$ o' )sol"te sle T"#on sol$ t(e ln$ in "estion to rcin $e Dios bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbb
A"!"sto Drio Ji*e Cresenci =o"r$es n$ Alici ll s"rn*e$ =o#no to!et(er it( rcin $e Dios &le$ .eri&e$ %etition )e'ore t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Pn!sin P n!sinn n seekin! t(e %%ro.l %%ro.l o' t(e consoli$tionas") consoli$tionas")$i.ision $i.ision %ln n$ 'or t(e nnottion o' se.erl $oc"*ents t t(e )ck o' t(e @ri!inl Certi&cte o' Title o 4606 T(e co"rt %%ro.e$ t(e$ee$ consoli$tiona inscri%tion *on! ot(ers o' si$ o' sle t s")$i.ision t(e )ck o'%ln t(e n$ title$irecte$ Trns'ert(e Certi&cte o' Title o 2653 2653 s iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' rcin $e Dios bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbb PlintiLs c"se$ t(e nnottion o' t(eir $.erse cli* t t(e )ck o' t(e title o' t(e si$ lot T(ere'ter %etition 'or t(e settle*ent o' t(e estte o' A"!"sto =o#no s &le$ ), t(e %lintiLs bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbb De Dios sol$ lot to $e'en$nt I!ncio Bllesteros n$ Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title o 6311 s lter trns'erre$ in (is n*e bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbb PlintiLs &le$ n ction 'or recon.e,nce !inst De Dio lle!in! t(t t(e estte o' A"!"sto =o#no is t(e )sol"te oner o' =ots @ n$ B bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbb T(e co"rt ren$ere$ $e'"lt $ecision in '.or o' t(e %lintiLs oe.er t(e "$!*ent s not stis&e$ on t(e !ro"n$ t(t De Dios s insol.ent n$ $i$ not (.e n, re!istere$ %ro%ert, .in! 'ile$ to eLec eLectt t(e reco.er, reco.er, n$?or recon.e,nc recon.e,nce e o' t(e lots %lintiLs &le$ se.e se.er rll co*%l *%lin ints ts )e'o )e'orre t(e Co"rt o"rt o' First irst In Inst stn nc ce o' Pn! n!sin sinn n 'or 'or recon.e,nce n$ reco.er, o' %ossession bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbb T(e tril co"rt ren$ere$ $ecision $eclrin! $e'en$nt I!ncio Bllesteros t(e )sol" )s ol"te te oner oner o' t(e ln$ in "estio "estionK nK or$eri or$erin! n! t(e cncel cncellt ltion ion o' %l %linti intiLs Ls $.erse cli* t t(e )ck o' Trns'er Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title o 6311 t t(e e+%ense o' t(e %lintiLsK ence %lintiLs inter%ose$ n %%el to t(e Co"rt o' A%%els oe.er t(e Co"rt o' A%%els in its resol"tion r"le$ t(t Gt(e *tter s")*itte$ 'or $eter*intion is %"rel, "estion o' l t(t is )e,on$ t(e "ris$iction o' t(is co"rtQ T("s t(e recor$s o' t(e cse ere ele.te$ to t(is Co"rt T(e %%ellnts insist t(t Gt(e si$ $.erse cli* (s )een crrie$ lon! in t(e s")se"ent titles o' t(e $e'en$ntsH T("s t(e, concl"$e t(t t(e conse"ence o' t(is c"tionr, notice is t(t (te.er o"l$ )e t(e res"lt o' t(eir cli* !inst rcin r cin $e Dios is )in$in! on s")se"ent s")se"ent %"rc(sers %"rc(sers or s"ccessorsa s"ccessorsa inainterest inainterest T(e, conten$ t(t t( t t(e G$e'en$ntsa-%%ellees s(o"l$ (.e ite$ ite$ 'or t(e $ecision
o' t(e co"rt on t(e "estion o' t(e .li$it, o' t(e $.erse cli* or s(o"l$ (.e &rst *o.e$ 'or t(e re*o.l or cncelltion o' t(e $.erse cli*H ence %%ellnts concl" concl"$e $e t(t t(t $e'en$ $e'en$nts nts-a% -a%%ell %ellees ees r re e %"rc( %"rc(ser sers s in )$ 'it( 'it( s t(e, t(e, (.e (.e knole$!e o' t(e cli*s !inst De Dios oe.er t(e %%ellee stresses t(t G c"rsor, e+*intion o' t(e $.erse cli* &le$ ), %lintiLsa %%ellnts 'ile$to to$.erse co*%l, it( t(et(e 'or*l re"ire*ents o' re$il, Sectionre.els 110 o't(t Actt(e 476s*e it((s res%ect cli*s An$ 'or (ic( n$ 'or ll le!l %"r%oses t(e $.erse cli* "n$er co**ent is not .li$ n$ eLecti.eH A%%ellee r!"es t(t Gt(ere s 'tl nona-oin$er o' nece ne cess ssr r, , or in$is in$is%e %ens ns)le )le %rt %rtie ies sH H T("s T("s t(e t(e %osit %ositio ion n o' t(e t(e %%e %%ell llnt nts s is "nten "nt en)le )le )ec"s )ec"se e Gt(e Gt(e nona-o nona-oin$e in$err o' necess necessr, r, n$ in$is%en in$is%ens) s)le le %rtie %rties s ren$ers n"ll n$ .oi$ s !inst t(e* n, $ecision in cse in (ic( t(e, ere not *$e %rties -liti!ntsH F"rt(er*ore %%ellee Gs")*its t(t t(e %rotection !i.en ), t(e l to $.erse cli*nts in re!r$ to t(e %ro%ert, s")ect to n $.erse cli* is .il)le onl, to t(e %rt, (ose re!istere$ $.erse cli* *eets ll t(e 'or*l re"isites o' l n$ not (en t(e s*e is n"llit, n"ll it,H H ence %%ellee concl"$es t(t Gn in.li$ n$ ineLecti.e $.erse cli* cnnot .li . li$l $l, , se ser. r.e e s noti notice ce or rn rnin in! ! to t( t(ir ir$ $ %rt %rtie ies s (o (o *, *, $el $el i it( t( t( t(e e %ro%erties s")ect t(ereto )ec"se s"c( $.erse cli* ), reson o' its n"llit, is $ee*e$ not e+istent n$ "nre!istere$H ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e $.erse cli* is .li$ /U=I>: @ T(e %%lic)le l in t(e cse t )r is still Section 110 o' Act o 476 ot(erise knon s t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act $es%ite t(e *o$i&ction intro$"ce$ ), Section 0 o' Presi$entil Decree o 1527 T(e si$ section %rtic"lrl, $els it( $.erse cli* to it: G;(oe.er cli*s n, %rt or interest in re!istere$ ln$ $.erse to t(e re!istere$ oner risin! s")se"ent to $te o' t(e ori!inl re!istrtion *, i' no ot(er %ro.ision is *$e in t(is Act 'or re!isterin! t(e s*e *ke stte*ent in ritin! settin! 'ort( '"ll, (is lle!e$ ri!(t or interest n$ (o or "n$er (o* c"ire$ n$ re'erence to t(e .ol"*e n$ %!e o' t(e certi&cte o' title o' t(e re!istere$ oner n$ $escri%tion o' t(e ln$ in (ic( t(e ri!(t or interest is cli*e$ GT(e stte*ent s(ll )e si!ne$ n$ sorn to n$ s(ll stte t(e $.erse cli*nts resi$ence n$ $esi!nte %lce t (ic( ll notices *, )e ser.e$ "%on (i* T(is stte*ent s(ll )e entitle$ to re!istrtion s n $.erse cli* n$ t(e co"rt "%on %etition o' n, %rt, in interest s(ll !rnt s%ee$, (erin! "%on t(e "estion o' t(e .li$it, o' s"c( $.erse cli* n$ s(ll enter s"c( $ecree t(erein s "stice n$ e"it, *, re"ire I' t(e cli* is $"$!e$ to )e in.li$ t(e re!istrtion s(ll )e cncelle$ I' e$ in n, t(e co"rt 'ter notice n$ (erin! s(ll &n$ t(t $o")le cli* t("s re!istere$ re!ister s cse 'ri.olo"s or .e+tio"s .e+ tio"s it *, t+ t(e $.erse cli*nt or tre)le costs in its $iscretionH
ence enc e 'or 'or t(e t(e %"r%o %"r%ose se o' re re!is !istr trt tio ion n n$ n$ s re re"i "ire re$ $ ), t(e t(e )o. )o.e e "ote "ote$ $ %ro.ision s *en$e$ t(e 'olloin! re t(e 'or*l re"isites o' n $.erse cli*: 1
T(e T(e $. $.er erse se cl cli i* *nt nt *"st *"st stt stte e t(e t(e 'o 'oll llo oin in! ! in rit ritin in!: !: (is lle! lle!e$ e$ ri!(t ri!(t or inte intere restK stK ) (o n$ "n$er (o* (o* s"c( lle!e$ lle!e$ ri!(t ri!(t or intere interest st is c"ire c"ire$K $K c t(e $escri%tion $escri%tion o' t(e ln$ in in (ic( t(e ri!(t ri!(t or interes interestt is cli*e$ cli*e$ n$ $ t(e cert certi&c i&cte te o' o' title title n"*)er n"*)er
2 t(e stte*ent stte*ent *"st )e si!ne$ n$ sorn sorn to )e'ore )e'ore notr, %")lic or ot(er ocer "t(ori#e$ to $*inister ot(K n$ 3 T(e cli*nt s(o"l$ stte (is resi$ence or t(e %lce to (ic( ll notices *, )e ser.e$ "%on (i* T(e loer co"rt "ote$ in %rt t(e $.erse cli* &le$ ), t(e %lintiLs to it: GT(t t(is $.erse cli* is )ein! &le$ %rior to t(e &lin! o' co"rt ction )ec"se ll t(e %ro%erties )o.ea $escri)e$ 'or*erl, )elon! to *, ("s)n$ t(e lte A"!"sto =o#noH oe.er t(e loer co"rt note$ t(t Gt(e $.erse cli* &le$ n$ nnotte$ on t(e )ck o' t(e title o' rcin $e Dios n$ lter to t(e title o' t(e (erein $e'en$nt $i$ not *eet t(e re"ire*ents %ro.i$e$ 'or in Section 110 o' Act 476 t(t is settin! 'ort( '"ll, (o or "n$er (o* t(e (eirs o' =o#no c"ire$ t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, ;e $(ere to t(e loer co"rts &n$in!s n$ &n$ %%ellees %osition *eritorio"s A c"rsor, c"rso r, re$in! o' t(e 'ore "ote$ $.erse $.erse cli* &le$ ), t(e %lintiLs %lintiLs s(os t(t t(e s*e (s 'ile$ to co*%l, it( t(e 'or*l re"isites o' Section 110 o' Act 476 *ore s%eci&cll, t(e %%ellnts 'il"re to stte (o n$ "n$er (o* t(eir lle!e$ ri!(t or interest is c"ire$ T("s t(e eLect o' s"c( nonaco*%lince ren$ers t(e $.erse cli* non-are!istr)le n$ ineLecti.e In cse (ere t(e $.erse cli* &le$ 'or re!istrtion $i$ not '"ll, co*%l, it( t(e 'or*l re"isites o' Section 110 o' Act o 476 or *ore s%eci&cll, t(ere )ein! no $escri%tion o' t(e ln$ in (ic( ri!(t or interest is cli*e$ nor t(e %lce to (ic( ll notices *, )e ser.e$ "%on t(e $.erse cli*nt !i.en s"c( $.erse cli* co"l$ not )e re!istere$ 8=/C Cons"lt o 144 /e!ister o' Dee$s o' "e#on Cit, %et Fe)r"r, 1 1759
108 ortes vs Arcl 468 SCRA 343 "ri,i! Nth,iel
ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e (eirs o' %oleon (s ri!(t on t(e %ro%ert, /U=I>: T(e (eirs o' %oleon (s no ri!(t o.er t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb A (o*este$ (o*este$ %tent once re!istere$ re!istere$ "n$er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion /e!istrtion Act )eco*es s in$e'esi)le s Torrens Title bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb /es%o es%on$e n$ent nts s %re %rents nts i ice cent nte e n$ n$ Felis elis one one$ $ =o =ots ts 2 n$ n$ 3 ), .irt .irt"e "e o' (o*este$ %tent Felo*in ($ no ri!(t o .e r =ot bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb
2
/econstit"tion /econst it"tion is si*%l, t(e restortio restortion n o' lost or $estro,e$ $estro,e$ instr"*ent or title to its its ori!i ori!in nll 'or* 'or* n$ co con$i n$itio tion n Felo*in elo*in ($ ($ not( not(in! in! to re reco const nstit" it"te te s no certi&cte o' title s e.er iss"e$ to (er o.er =ot 2 ="is 'ro* (o* %oleon %"rrc(s %" c(se$ e$ =ot =ot 2aA 2aA s s " "st st s !"il !"ilt, t, s (is (is "nt "nt Felo* elo*in in in $e'r $e'r" "$i $in! n! res%on$ents bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb ="is s $e&nitel, not )",er in !oo$ 'it( /es%on$ents ere still in %ossession o' =ot 2 (en ="is s"%%ose$l, %"rc(se$ t(e lot 'ro* Felo*in n$ (en ="is ($ t(e lot s")$i.i$e$ n$ t(e s")$i.i$e$ lots title$ bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb T(e onl, , 'or t(e (eirs o' %oleon to .li$l, cli* =ot 2aA is to %ro.e t(t %oleon %"rc(se$ =ot 2aA in !oo$ 'it( bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb T(e in !oo$co'it( ;e tril n$ %%ellte !ree co"rts r"le$ it(t(t %oleon t(es not %"rc(ser to "rts bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb T(e tril n$ %%ellte co"rts %ointe$ o"t t(t s erl, s 1766 t(ere s lre$, )rein! $is%"te )eteen res%on$ents n$ ="is o.er =ot 2ri %oleons i$o testi& tes ti&e$ e$ t(t s(e s it( %ole %oleon on (en ="is ="is sol$ to t(e* =ot 2a A ri ri sse ssert rte$ e$ t( t(t t s( s(e e s s '*i '*ili lirr it( it( t(e t(e (isto (istor, r, o' =o =ott 2aA 2aA n$ n$ t(e t(e s" s"%%o %%ose se$ $ %re.io"s oners ="is ="is n$ Felo*in Felo*in It s t("s i*%ossi)le 'or %oleon n$ n$ ri not to (.e knon o' t(e B"re" o' =n$s %en$in! in.esti!tion t t(e ti*e ="is sol$ to t(e* =ot 2aA bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb bb T(e contro.ers, )eteen res%on$ents s(o"l$ (.e %ro*%te$ %oleon to in"ire into t(e stt"s o' ="is title o.ern$ =ot ="is 2aAs( Ao"l$ %"rc(ser cnnot close (is e,es
to 'cts t(t s(o"l$ %"t reson)le *n on (is !"r$ n$ still cli* t(t (e cte$ in !oo$ 'it( A (ol$er in )$ 'it( o' certi&cte o' title is not entitle$ to t(e %rotection o' t(e l bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb Ass"*in! t(t %oleon s "nre o' t(e conRict o.er =ot 2aA t t(e ti*e o' t(e e+ec e+ ec"t "tio ion n o' t( t(e e $ee$ $ee$ o' sle sle %o %oleo leon n s s (oe (oe.e .er r lre lre$ $, , c(r c(r!e$ !e$ it( it( knole$!e o' t(e R in ="is title t t(e ti*e o' t(e re!istrtion o' t(e sle Inscri%tions o' n $.erse cli* $te$ 23 o.e*)er 170 n$ lis %en$ens $te$ 14 Se%te*)er 171 ere lre$, nnotte$ on ="is title o.er =ot 2aA (en %oleon re!istere$ t(e Dee$ o' Sle on 16 Dece*)er 171 T(e notice o' lis %en$ens is n nno"nce*ent to t(e (ole orl$ t(t %rtic"lr re rel l %ro%ert %ro%ert, , is in liti!t liti!tion ion T(e inscri%t inscri%tion ion ser.es ser.es s rnin! rnin! t(t t(t one (o c"ires n interest o.er liti!te$ %ro%ert, $oes so t (is on risk or t(t (e !*)les !* )les on t(e re res"lt s"lt o' t(e liti!t liti!tion ion o.er t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, B, $isre!r $isre!r$in! $in! t(e inscri%tions n$ %"rs"in! t(e re!istrtion o' t(e sle %oleon ss"*e$ t(e risk o' losin losin! ! =o =ott 2aA 2aA to re res% s%on on$en $ents ts %o %ole leon ons s (eirs (eirs )ein! )ein! *ere *erel, l, t(e t(e "ri$i "ri$ic cll contin"tion o' (is %ersonlit, (ol$ =ot 2aA in tr"st 'or res%on$ents
10) eo%le vs R"C 178 SCRA 2)) Crti;uit! Re.ville
10/4/1)8)
FACTS: Pri.te res%on$ents sol$ se.erl %rcels o' ln$ locte$ in Ds*riZs C.ite in '.or o' /icr$o Sil.erio T(ese %rcels ere t t(t ti*e re!istere$ in t(e n*es o' t(e %ri.te res%on$ents @ne o' t(e %rcels is t(e s")ect *tter o' liti!tion )et )e tee een n t(e t(e %ri. %ri.t te e re res% s%on on$en $ents ts n$ n$ Pe$ro e$ro Cr Cr! !o o n$ n$ (is co-o co-one ners rs 'or 'or recon.e,nce n$ cncelltion o' title n$ $*!es )e'ore Brnc( III o' t(e /e!ionl /e !ionl Tril Tril Co"rt o' C.ite C.ite in T!,t, !,t, Cit, Cit, Pe$ro Pe$ro Cr!o Cr!o t(en c"se$ c"se$ t(e nnottion o' notice o' lis %en$ens t t(e )ck o' t(e ori!inl o' t(e Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title 8TCT 8TCT9 9 o' t(e %rcel o' ln$ "n$er liti!tion liti! tion on &le in t(e /e!ister o' Dee$ Dee$s s 'or 'or t( t(e e %r %ro. o.in ince ce o' C.i C.ite te it( it(o" o"tt t( t(e e kno knole le$! $!e e o' t( t(e e %r %ri. i.t te e res%on$ents encet(e %ri.te res%on$ents co%, o' t(e title in "estion $i$ not )er n, nnottion o' s"c( notice o' lis %en$ens ;(en t(e %ri.te res%on$ents so sol$ l$ t(e to to %rc %rcel els s o' ln$ ln$ to Sil.e Sil.erio rio incl"$ incl"$in! in! t(e t(e one one "n$er "n$er liti! liti!tio tion n 'or 'or recon.e, rec on.e,nce nce )eteen )eteen Cr!o Cr!o n$ t(e %ri.te res%on$ents res%on$ents t(e, rrnte$ t(t t(e %ro%erties re G'ree 'ro* ll liens n$ enc"*)rnces (tsoe.erH @n t(e )sis o' t(is e+%ress rrnt, .is--.is t(e notice o' lis %en$ens $"l, nnotte$ t t(e )ck o' t(e ori!inl o' t(e Trns'er Certi&cte o' Title 8TCT1107429 on &le in t(e /e!istr, o' Dee$s 'or t(e Pro.ince o' C.ite Assistnt Fiscl %oleon Dilo o' t(e Cit, o' nil &le$ n in'or*tion 'or GFlsi&ction o' P")lic Doc"*entH !inst t(e %ri.te res%on$ents ISSUE: ;(et(er notice o' lis %en$ens is lien or enc"*)rnce it(in t(e conte*%ltion o' cri*inl l in %rtic"lr t(e cri*e o' 'lsi&ction o' %")lic $oc"*ent
E=D: o =is %en$ens is =tin ter* (ic( literll, *ens %en$in! s"it or %en$in! liti!tion (ile notice o' lis %en$ens is n nno"nce*ent to t(e (ole orl$ t(t %rtic"lr rel %ro%ert, is in liti!tion ser.in! s rnin! t(t one (o c"ires n interest o.er t(e si$ %ro%ert, $oes so t (is on risk or t(t (e !*)les on t(e res"lt t(e liti!tion t(eorsi$ %ro%ert, is )"t ti! si!nl or *ort *oo' rt! !!ee !ee to tk tkeo.er c cre re )e )ere re n$ n$Itto in.es in.esti !te te to t(e t(et(e %ros %rinten$in! os%e %ect ct or)",er nonnon%ros%ect o' t(e liti!tion s"ccee$in! )e'ore (e 'orks $on (is *one, otice o' lis %en$ens (s )een concei.e$ n$ *ore o'ten t(n not .ile$ o' to %rotect t(e rel ri!(ts o' t(e re!istrnt (ile t(e cse in.ol.in! s"c( ri!(ts is %en$in! resol"tion or $ecision ;it( t(e notice o' lis %en$ens $"l, recor$e$ n$ re*ins "ncncelle$ (e co"l$ rest sec"re t(t (e o"l$ not lose t(e %ro%ert, or n, %rt o' it $"rin! t(e liti!tion GTV(e $octrine o' lis %en$ens is 'o"n$e$ "%on reson o' %")lic %olic, n$ necessit, t(e %"r%ose o' (ic( is to kee% t(e s")ect *tter o' t(e liti!tion it(in t(e %oer o' t(e Co"rt "ntil t(e "$!*ent or t(e $ecree s(ll (.e )een entere$ ot(erise ), s"ccessi.e lientions %en$in! t(e liti!tion its "$!*ent or $ecree s( s(l lll )e re ren$e n$ere re$ $ )or )orti ti.e .e n$ n$ i*%o i*%oss ssi)l i)le e o' e+ec e+ec"ti "tion onH H T(e T(e loe loerr co"rt co"rt is t(ere'ore correct in r"lin! t(t notice o' lis %en$ens )ein! *ere c"tionr, notice to %ros%ecti.e )",er or *ort!!ee %rcel o' ln$ "n$er liti!tion t(en it i*%oses no o)li!tion on t(e oner )"to'on t(e %ros%ecti.e )",er It cnnot concei.)l, )e t(e Glien Gli en or enc"*)rnceH conte*%lte$ ), l l
110 =ill,uev vs CA 281 SCRA 2)8 Cstillo! ri,z (e->el
11/&/1))7
Fcts: /ecor$s s(o t(t TCT os 262631K 233 n$ 273 sicV ere iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' lint /elt, n$ De.elo%*ent Cor%ortion n$ Fili%ins Te+tile ills Inc n$ t(e s*e ere *ort!!e$ in '.or o' E"it)le Bnkin! Cor% U%on 'il"re o' t(e *ort!!ors to co*%l, it( t(e ter*s n$ con$itions o' t(e *ort!!e t(e )nk 'oreclos 'or eclose$ e$ t(e *ort!!e$ %ro%erties %ro%erties n$V sol$ t(e s*e to t(e E"it)le Bnkin! Cor% Co r% s t( t(e e (i!(e (i!(est st )i )i$$e $$err t %")li %")lic c "ct "ctio ion n s sle le A'te A'terr t(e t(e e+%ir e+%irt tio ion n o' t(e t(e re$e*%tion %erio$ *ort!!ors $i$ not e+ercise t(e ri!(t o' re$e*%tion n$ s conse"ence t(ereo' t(e *ort!!ee sol$ ll its ri!(ts interests n$ %rtici%tion o' si$ %ro%erties to t(e (erein o%%ositor @o in Tiok Iss"e: , t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s re'"se to re!ister n %%liction 'or notice o' lis %en$e %e n$ens ns on t( t(e e !ro" !ro"n$ n$ t(t t(t t(e t(e %%l %%lic icn ntt $oes $oes not not (.e (.e n, n, titl title e or ri!(t ri!(t o' %ossession o.er t(e s")ect %ro%erties< el$: T(e notice o' lis %en$ens is n nno"nce*ent to t(e (ole orl$ t(t %rtic"lr rel %ro%ert, is in%ro%ert, liti!tion n$ s risk rnin! t(t one (o on c"ires n interest o.er si$ $oes so ser.es t (is on or t(t (e !*)les t(e res"lt
o' t(e liti!tion o.er si$ %ro%ert,13V T(e re!istrtion o' notice o' lis %en$ens is !o.erne$ ), Section 24 /"le 14 o' t(e t( e /"les o' Co"rt:14V Sec 24 Sec 24 otic otice e o' lis %en$e %en$ens ns In n ctio ction n Lec Lectin tin! ! t(e t(e title title or t(e t(e ri!(t ri!(t o' %ossession o' rel %ro%ert, t(e %lintiL t t(e ti*e o' &lin! t(e co*%lint n$ t(e $e'en$nt t t(e ti*e o' &lin! (is nser (en r*ti.e relie' is cli*e$ in s"c( nser or t ti*e recor$ in t(e oce t(e re!istrr o'ction $ee$s o' %ro.ince in n, (ic( t(e'terr$s %ro%ert, is*, sit"te$ notice o' t(e o' %en$enc, o' t(e continin! t(e n*es o' t(e %rties n$ t(e o)ect o' t(e ction or $e'ense n$ $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, in t(t %ro.ince Lecte$ t(ere), Fro* t(e ti*e onl, o' &lin! s"c( notice 'or recor$ s(ll %"rc(ser or inc"*)rncer o' t(e %ro%ert, Lecte$ t(ere), )e $ee*e$ to (.e constr"cti.e notice o' t(e %en$enc, o' t(e ction n$ onl, o' its %en$enc, !inst %rties $esi!nte$ ), t(eir rel n*es T(e notice o' lis li s %en$ens (erein)o.e *entione$ *enti one$ *, )e cncelle$ onl, "%on or$er o' t(e co"rt 'ter %ro%er s(oin! t(t t(e notice is 'or t(e %"r%ose o' *olestin! t(e $.erse %rt, or t(t it is not necessr, to %rotect t(e ri!(ts o' t(e %rt, (o c"se$ it to )e recor$e$ T@ /EUI/E TAT TAT A APP=ICAT UST P/@E IS @;E/SIP @/ IS ITE/EST @E/ TE P/@PE/T S@U>T T@ BE AFFECTED ;IT TE @TICE @F =IS PEDES ;I== ;I == UDU UDU= = /EST /EST/I /ICT CT TE TE SC@P SC@PE E @F TE TE /U=E /U=E I SUC SUC CASE CASE A PA/T A/T UESTI@I> TE @;E/SIP @F TE /E>ISTE/ED @;E/ ;I== =ITI>ATE IS @/ E/ CASE CASE ;IT@UT ;IT@UT A ASSU/ ASSU/ACE ACE TAT TAT TE P/@PE/ P/@PE/T T ;I== ;I== BE P/@TECT P/@TECTED ED F/@ U;ATED A=IEATI@ DU/I> TE PEDEC @F TE ACTI@ TE/EB DEFEATI> TE E/ PU/P@SE AD /ATI@A=E @F TE /E>IST/ATI@=E ;E/EF@ ;E/E F@/E /E TE PETI PETITI TI@ @ IS E/EB E/EB >/A >/ATED TED TE ASSAI ASSAI=E =ED D DECI DECISI@ SI@ IS /EE/ /E E/SE SED D AD AD SET SET ASIDE ASIDE TE TE =AD =AD /E>IST /E>IST/ /ATI@ TI@ AUT@ AUT@/I /IT T IS E/E E/EB B @/DE/ED T@ A@TATE TE APP=ICATI@ F@/ A @TICE @F =IS PEDES I TCT @S 262631 233 AD 273 @ C@STS S@ @/DE/ED
111 S(C vs CA .celle
44) SCRA )) 1/21/200&
112 gle, vs CA 184 S SC CRA 32& Cstillo! Rio Str
Cstillo!
4/17/1))0
Fcts: EI $onte$ certin %rt o' t(e lot to t(e Cit, >o.ern*ent 'or "se s %rks n$ %l,!ro"n$s n$ t(e $ontion s rti&e$ ), t(e Cit, Co"ncil An re it(in t(is lot s s")se"entl, con.e,e$ to t(e DBP ), , o' $cion en %!o T(e rest erre sol$ e sol$ to t( t(ir ir$ $ %rt %rtie ies s (o (o t( t(er ere e''te terr cons constr tr"c "cte te$ $ (o"s (o"ses es !$ !$l len en o*eoners Assocition Inc )elie.e$ t(t t(e ct o' t(e "e#on Cit, >o.ern*ent o' "t(ori#in! t(e relese o' si$ s o%en s%ce 'ter it ($ )een so $eclre$ n$
erlier $e$icte$ s s"c(_n$ its s")stit"tion ), not(er %ortion o' t(e s")$i.ision _s )e,on$ t(e Cit, >o.ern*ents "t(orit, "t(orit, A )ro"!(t s"it !inst EI 'or t(e reco. eco.er er, , o' s si$ i$ =ot =ot s Go%en o%en s% s%c ceH eH 'o 'orr %")l %")lic ic "s "se e o' t( t(e e resi$ esi$en ents ts o' t( t(e e s")$i.ision ;(ile t(e cse s %en$in! notices o' lis %en$ens ere inscri)e$ ), t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s T Tril ril co"rt $is*isse$ t(e ;(ile s %en$in! ! %el $"$!*ent in EI n$ EI n $ DBP DB P &l &le$ e$ se se% %r rte te cse *oti *otion ons s it( it(e t( cse t( t(e e Co"r Co "rt%en$in t o' A%%e A% ls s %r %r, ,in in! ! CA 'or 'or cncelltion o' t(e notice o' lis %en$ens nnotte$ on t(e titles Iss"e: ;(et(er or not t(e notice o' lis %en$ens nnotte$ on t(e titles *, )e cncelle$ /"lin!: es es Accor$in! to Section 24 /"le 14 o' t(e /"les o' Co"rt n$ Section 6 o' Presi$entil Decree o 1527 notice o' lis %en$ens is %ro%er in t(e 'olloin! cses .i#: 89 An ction to reco.er %ossession o' rel estte )9 An ction to "iet title t(ereto c9 An ction to re*o.e clo"$s t(ereon $9 An ction 'or %rtition n$ e9 An, ot(er %rocee$in!s o' n, kin$ in co"rt $irectl, Lectin! t(e title to t(e ln$ or t(e "se or occ"%tion t(ereo' or t(e )"il$in!s t(ereon T(e notice o' lis %en$ens %en$ens_i _ie e t(t t(t re rel l %ro%e %ro%ert, rt, is in.ol.e$ in.ol.e$ in n ction_ ction_is is or or$in $inril, ril, recor$e$ it(o"t t(e inter.ention o' t(e co"rt (ere t(e ction is %en$in! T(e notice is )"t n inci$ent in n ction n e+tr"$icil one to )e s"re It $oes not *erits(o t(ereo' It is inten$e$ *erel, constr"cti.el, $.ise orLect rn t(e ll %eo%le $el it( t(e %ro%ert, %ro%ert, t(t to t(e, so $el it( it t t(eir on risk n$ (te.er ri!(ts t(e, *, c"ire in t(e %ro%ert, in n, .ol"ntr, trnsction re s")ect to t(e res"lts o' t(e ction n$ *, ell )e in'erior n$ s")or$inte to t(ose (ic( *, )e &nll, $eter*ine$ n$ li$ $on t(erein T(e cncelltion o' s"c( %rec"tionr, notice is t(ere'ore lso *ere inci$ent in t(e ction n$ *, )e or$ere$ ), t(e Co"rt (.in! "ris$iction o' it t n, !i.en ti*e An$ its contin"nce or re*o.l_ like t(e contin"nce or re*o.l o' %reli*inr, ttc(*ent or in"nction_is nott co no cont ntin! in!ent ent on t(e t(e e+ist e+istenc ence e o' &nl &nl "$!*e "$!*ent nt in t(e t(e ctio ction n n$ n$ or$inril, (s no eLect on t(e *erits t(ereo' t(ereo' In t(e t(e cse cse t )r )r t( t(e e cs cse e ($ ($ %ro% %ro%er erl, l, co*e co*e it it(i (in n t(e t(e %% %%el ell lte te "ris$iction o' t(e Co"rt o' A%%els in .irt"e o' t(e %er'ection o' t(e %lintiLs %%el It t(ere'ore ($ %oer to $el it( n$ resol.e n, inci$ent in connection it( t(e ction s")ect o' t(e %%el e.en )e'ore &nl "$!*ent T(e r"le t(t no
"estions *, )e rise$ 'or t(e &rst ti*e on %%el (.e re'erence onl, to t(ose Lec L ecti tin! n! t( t(e e *eri *erits ts o' t( t(e e cti ction on n$ n$ not not to *er *ere inci inci$e $ent nts s t( t(er ereo eo' ' e! e! cncelltion o' notices o' lis %en$ens or to re%et t(e !rnt or $issol"tion o' %ro.isionl re*e$ies o notice o' lis %en$ens *, )e cncelle$ "%on or$er o' t(e co"rt G'ter G'ter %ro%er s(oin! t(t t(e notice notice is 'or t(e %"r%ose o' *olestin! t(e $.erse %rt, or t(t it is not necessr, to %rotect t(e ri!(ts o' t(e %rt, (o c"se$ it to )e recor$e$H
113 (gul vs Csi-iro Cstro! loricel
)8 hil# 102
12/17/1)&&
FACTS: =!"l et l &le$ %etition %r,in! t(t %rcel o' ln$ co.ere$ ), TCT o 4250 )e s")$i.i$e$ in ccor$nce it( t(e s")$i.ision %ln n$ tec(nicl $escri%tion ttc(e$ to t(e %etition n$ t(t ne trns'er certi&cte )e iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' %etitioners T(e C(ie' o' t(e >enerl =n$ /e!istrtion @ce reco**en$e$ t(e %%ro.l o' t(e re"est Petitioners t(en &le$ n *en$e$ %etition (erein t(e, incl"$e$ t(e (eirs o' Feli%e =!"l n$ A%olinrio Csi*iro T(e co"rt %%ro.e$ t(e %etition s *en$e$ n$ or$ere$ t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s to cncel TCT o 4250 n$ iss"e trns'er certi&ctes o' title in t(e n*e o' %etitioners eirs o' t(e lte A%olinrio Csi*iro co-oner o' t(e ln$ &le$ *otion 'or reconsi$ertion %r,in! t(t t(e or$er $irectin! t(e cncelltion o' TCT o 4250 n$ t(e iss"nce iss"nce o' ne trns'er certi&ctes certi&ctes o' titles in t(e n*e o' %etitioners %etitioners )e set si$e on t(e !ro"n$ t(t t(e, (.e not !ree$ to t(e s")$i.ision %ln s s")*itte$ to t(e co"rt nor ere t(e, noti&e$ o' t(e %etition s re"ire$ ), l l ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e co"rt co"l$ c"ire ;(et(er c"ire "ris$iction "ris$iction to (er t(e %etition %etition 'or t(e s")$i.ision s")$i.ision o' t(e ln$ it(o"t nee$ o' %re.io"s notice to t(e *o.nts E=D: ES It is not $is%"te$ t(t %%ellnts ere ne.er noti&e$ o' t(e %etition (ic( initite$ t(ese %rocee$in!s lt(o"!( t(e, ere *entione$ t(erein s co-oners o' t(e ln$ to )e s")$i.i$e$ T(e co"rt (oe.er e+%resse$ t(e o%inion t(t s"c( noti no tice ce s s not not nece necess ssr r, , )ec" )ec"se se t(e t(e %"r%o %"r%ose se o' t(e %etit %etitio ion n s s *ere *erel, l, to s")$i.i$e %rcel o' ln$ (ic( is lre$, co.ere$ ), certi&cte o' title *on! its ne oners n$ t(t t(is cn )e $one ), *erel, &lin! it( t(e C(ie' o' t(e >enerl =n$ /e!istrtin @ce s")$i.ision %ln n$ t(t once t(e %ln is %%ro.e$ t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s *, iss"e ne certi&ctes o' title in %"rs"nce o' section 44 o' Act o 476 s *en$e$ ), /e%")lic Act o 440 T(e co"rt e+%resse$ t(e .ie t(t notice o' (erin! is onl, necessr, i' t(ere re streets or %ss!e,s incl"$e$ in t(e s")$i.ision in (ic( cse %etition s(ll )e &le$ ), t(e re!istere$ oner n$ t(e co"rt s(ll not ct t(ereon Q'ter notice n$ (erin! s re"ire$ ), l In t(e %resent t(eis inti*te$ notice o'cse (erin! i sco"rt "nnecessr, "nnecessr, no s"c( street or %ss!e, is in.ol.e$ n$ so
Fcts: /os sol$ %ro%ert, 8Q=ot o 1Q9 to t(e Cit, o' T!,t, !,t, T(e T (e Cit, o' T!,t, T!,t, &le$ 'or n ori!inl re!istrtion o' =ot o 1 n$ %ln Ps"-103176-A*$ it( t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce T(e Co"rt o' First %%ro.e$ t(e re!istrtion oe.er /os 8s*e %erson (o sol$ t(e =ot o 1 to t(e Cit, o' T!,t,9 n$ ot(er res%on$ents &le$ %etition on t(e s*e %rocee$in! to set si$e t(e $ecision T(e, r!"e$ t(t =ot o 1 s %rt o' )i!!er ln$ lre$, $ecree$ in %re.io"s ln$ re!istrtion cse n$ co.ere$ ), n ori!inl certi&cte o' title In t(is cse t(ere ere to s"r.e, %ln Ps"-103176 (ic( s %re.io"sl, re!istere$ n$ Ps"-103176-A*$ (ic( s *$e ), t(e Cit, o' T!,t, n$ s(os t(e $i.ision o' )i!!er %ro%ert, into 'o"r lots incl"$in! =ot o 1 Iss"e: ;(et(er t(e CIt, o' T!,t, cn &le n ori!inl re!istrtion on %ro%ert, lre$, co.ere$ ), n ori!inl certi&cte o' title el$: o T(e %re.io"s $ecree n$ t(e certi&cte o' title $"l, re!istere$ re )in$in! "%on ll incl"$in! t(e Cit, o' T!,t, T(e re*e$, 'or t(e Cit, o' T!,t, is to sec"re &rst t(e Co"rtXs %%ro.l o' t(e s")$i.ision %ln se!re!tin! =ot o 1 T(en (.e t(e $ee$ o' %"rc(se re!istere$ n$ sec"re t(e trns'er certi&cte o' title
11& Re%u'lic vs A'rille uee,ie
71 SCRA &7
&/7/1)76 De =er!
FACTS: De'en$nt 8eirs o' ="is ill A)rille9 is t(e oner o' %rcel o' ln$ cont continin inin! ! n r re e o' *ore *ore or less less 52565 525652 2 s* Decese$ Decese$ A)rille A)rille $"rin! $"rin! (er li'eti*e c"se$ t(e s")$i.ision o' t(e si$ %rcel o' ln$ into to lots Un$er t(e S")$i.ision %lnor =ot 1 contins n607 re o' 30 100 s*is(ile =ots* 2 contins n re o' 567 s* totl re o' s* (ic( 212 *ore t(n t(e ori!inl re A'ter t(e %%ro.l o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co**issioner A)rille s )le to sec"re n$ or$er 'ro* t(e CFI $irectin! t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s to correct t(e re re n$ n$ t(er t(ere e't 'ter er to c cnc ncel el t(e t(e Cert Certi& i&c cte te o' Title itle T(e /e!ist e!ister er o' Dee$ Dee$s s re!istere$ =ot 1 in t(e n*e o' ="is ill A)rile n$ =ot 2 in t(e n*e o' ="is ill[ A)rill A)r ille e T(e re re!is !istr trt tion ion o' =o =ott 2 (ic( (ic( incl"$ incl"$es es t(e t(e e+ce e+cess ss re re s s not not in ccor$nce it( l 'or lck o' t(e re"ire$ notice n$ %")liction s %rescri)e$ in Act 476 s *en$e$ ot(erise knon s t(e =n$ /e!istrtion = T(e e+cess re s res"lt o' t(e %%ro.l o' t(e s")$i.ision s"r.e, s 'or*erl, %ortion o' t(e D.o /i.er (ic( $rie$ "% ), reson o' t(e c(n!e o' co"rse o' t(e si$ ri.erK (ence ln$ )elon!in! to t(e %")lic $o*in An$ s conse"ence t(ereo' TCT o' =ot 2 (erein t(e e+cess re o' ln$ )elon!in! to t(e %")lic $o*in is n"ll n$ .oi$ ) initio ISSUE:
;(et(er t(e TCTs (ic( co.er t(e increse$ re in "estion totlin! 2125 s* s(ll )e cncelle$ E=D: ES T(e increse$ re in "estion (ic( is not re!istere$ ln$ )"t 'or*erl, ri.er )e$ is so )i! s to !i.e llonce 'or *ere *istke in re o' t(e ori!inl re!istrtion o' t(e trcts o' ln$ o' t(e $e'en$nt[%%ellnt 'or*erl, )elon!in! to n$ re!istere$ in t(e n*e o' t(eir !rn$'t(er In or$er to )rin! t(is increse in re (ic( t(e %rties $*itte$ to (.e )een 'or*er ri.er)e$ o' t(e D.o /i.er "n$e "n $err t( t(e e o%er o%ert tio ion n n$ n$ co.e co.er r!e !e o' t( t(e e =n$ =n$ /e!is e!istr trt tio ion n = = Act Act 476 476 %rocee$in!s in re!istrtion o' ln$ title s(o"l$ (.e )een &le$ inste$ o' n or$inr, %%ro.l o' s")$i.ision %ln Un$er Sec 44 o' Act 476 (ic( t(e %re$ecessor[in[ interest o' t(e (erein $e'en$nt[%%ellnt took is !oo$ onl, inso'r s it co.ers %re.io"sl, re!istere$ ln$s In t(is cse %rt o' t(e trcts o' t(e ln$ %rtic"lrl, t(e re o' 212 s* (s not ,et )een )ro"!(t "n$er t(e o%ertion o' t(e T Torrens orrens S,ste* ;orse still t(e %%ro.l o' t(e s")$i.ision %lns s it(o"t t(e notice not ice to ll %rties %rties in intere interest st *ore %rtic %rtic"lr "lrl, l, t(e Direc Director tor o' =n$s =n$s For n %%licnt to (.e (is i*%er'ect or inco*%lete title or cli* to ln$ to )e ori!inll, re!istere$ Act 476 %ro.i$e$ certin re"isites to )e stis&e$ n$ in t(is cse t(e si$ re"isites ere not co*%lie$ it( T("s t(e "$!*ent %%ele$ is r*e$
116 ,g Cu,g o vs CA Sittee 5u,ir
23) SCRA 341
Di-o!
D@CT/I D@CT /IE E:: T(e c%c c%cit it, , to c"ir c"ire e %ri. %ri.te te ln$ is *$e *$e $e%en$ $e%en$en entt "%on "%on t(e t(e c%c c%cit, it, to c"ir c"ire e or (ol$ (ol$ ln$ ln$ o' t(e %")lic %")lic $o* $o*in in T(e 1735 1735 const constit"t it"tion ion reser.e$ rese r.e$ t(e ri!(t to %rtici%te %rtici%te in t(e G$is%osition G$is%osition e+%loittion e+%loittion $e.elo%*ent n$ "tii#tionH o' ll Gln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in n$ ot(er nt"rl reso"tces o' t(e P(ili%%inesH P(ili%%in esH 'or Fili%ino citi#ens or cor%ortion cor%ortions s t lest si+t, %ercent %ercent o' t(e c%itl c%itl o' (ic( s one$ ), Fili%inos Aliens (et(er in$i.i$"ls cor%ortioon (.e )een )e en $i $is s" "li li&e &e$ $ 'ro* 'ro* c" c"ir irin in! ! %")l %")lic ic ln$ ln$sK sK (enc (ence e t( t(e, e, (.e (.e lso lso )een )een $is"li&e$ 'ro* c"irin! %ri.te ln$s FACTS @n J"l, 23 174 @n! Joi Jon! sol$ %rcel o' ln$ to %ri.te res%on$ent Sole$$ Prin i'e o' @n! ee @n! ee is t(e )rot(er o' %etitioner @n! C(in! PoT(e sle s e.i$ence$ ), notri#e$ Dee$ o' Sle n$ s")se"entl, re!istere$ it( t(e re!ister o' Dee$s o' nil o' (ic( trns'er o' certi&cte o' Title s iss"e$ to t(e %ri. %ri.te te re res% s%on on$e $ent nt Acco Accor$ r$in! in! to t(e t(e %ri. %ri.te te re res% s%on on$e $ent nt s( s(e e entr entr"st "ste$ e$ t(e t(e $*inistrtion o' t(e lot n$ )"il$in! to %etitioner @n! C(in! Po (en s(e n$ (er ("s)n$ settle$ in Iloilo ;(en (er ("s)n$ $ie$ s(e $e*n$e$ t(e lot )e .cte$ )ec"se s(e s !oin! to sell it Un'ort"ntel, @n! C(in! Po re'"ses to .cte t(e ln$ @n rc( 17 171 t(e %ri.te res%on$ent &le$ cse 'or 'or "nl'"l $etiner )e'ore t(e etro%olitn Tril Co"rt o' nilT(e in'erior co"rt $is*isse$ t(e cse T(e $is*issl s )ot( r*e$ ), t(e /e!ionl tril co"rt n$ t(e Co"rt o' A%%els
Petitioners on t(e ot(er (n$ cli*e$ t(t on J"l, 23 1747 @n! C(in! Po )o"!(t t(e %rcel o' =n$ 'ro* @n! Joi Jon! e.i$ence$ ), %(oto co%, o' Dee$ o' Sle con.e,in! t(ereit( t(e (e is cce$in! to t(e re"est o' r @n! C(in! Po to si!n not(e no t(err $oc"*e $oc"*ent nt in '.or '.or o' Sole$ Sole$$ $ Prin rin 'ort(e 'ort(e %"r%ose %"r%ose o' 'cilit 'cilitti tin! n! t(e iss"nce o' t(e ne title ), t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s n$ 'or t(e reson t(t (e is not ,et Fili%ino @n Dece*)er 12 175 %etitioners @n! C(in! Po n$ (is c(il$ren &le$ n ction 'or re con.e,nce n$ $*!es !inst %ri.te res%on$ent in t( t(e e /TC /TC o' nil @n J"l, 26 176 %ri.te res%on$ent &le$ n ction 'or "ietin! o' title !inst @n! C(in! Po U%on t(e *otion t(e cse s consoli$te$ n$ on , 30 1770 t(e TC ren$ere$ ren$e re$ $ecision $ecision in '.or '.or o' %ri.te res%on$ent res%on$ent @n %%el %%el ), t(e %etitioners %etitioners to t(e CA t(e co"rt r*e$ t(e $ecision o' t(e /TC /TC ence t(e %etition %etiti on to t(e SC ISSUE 19 ;(et ;(et(e (err or not not @n! @n! C(in! C(in! Po s s C(in C(ines ese e citi citi#e #en n cn cn .li$ .li$l, l, c c"ir "ire e t(e t(e ln$ ln$ e+ec"te$ "n$er t(e Dee$ o' Sle 29
;(et ;(et(e (err or not not t(e %ri. %ri.te te res res%o %on$e n$ent nt too took k %o %oss sses essio sion n o' t(e t(e %ro %ro%er %ert, t,
E=D?/ATI@ 19 o An Al Aliien is $is is"li "li& &e$ 'ro* c"ir "irin in! ! ln$ ln$s s in t(e P(ili%% li%%in ine es T(e S"%re*e Co"rt $i$ not !o lon! it( t(e cli* o' t(e %etitioner t(t @n! C(in! Po *erel, "se$ t(e %ri.te res%on$ent s $"**, to (.e t(e title o.er t(e %rcel o' ln$ re!istere$ in (er n*e )ec"se )ein! n lien (e s $is"li&e$ to on rel %ro% %ro%er ert, t, in t( t(e e P(ili P(ili%%i %%ine nes s To s"st s"stin in s"c( s"c( co conte ntent ntio ion n is .iol .iolti tion on o' t(e t(e ntionli#tion ls Ass"*in! t(t t(e Dee$ o' sle is in e+istence n$ s $"l, e+ec"te$ still t(e %etitioner cnnot cli* oners(i% o' t(e ln$ ), .irt"e o' Section 5 Artic Article le III III o' t(e t(e 1735 1735 Const Constit" it"tio tion n (ic (ic( ( %ro. %ro.i$e i$es s t(t t(t G s s.e .e in cse cses s o' (ere$itr, (ere $itr, s"ccession s"ccession no %ri.te %ri.te !ric"lt"rl !ric"lt"rl ln$ s(ll )e trns'err trns'erre$ e$ or ssi!ne$ ssi!ne$ e+ce%t to in$i.i$"ls cor%ortions or ssocitions "li&es to c"ire or (ol$ ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in t(e P(ili%%inesH t(is s '"rt(er reiterte$ in t(e Section 14 Article I o' t(e 173 Constit"tion n$ $o%te$ in t(e 17 Constit"tion Section Article II (ic( '"rt(er sttes t(t Gs.e in cses o' (ere$itr, s"ccession no %ri.te ln$s s(ll )e trns'erre$ or con.e,e$ e+ce%t to in$i.i$"ls cor%ortions or sso ssoci cit tio ions ns "l "li& i&e$ e$ to c" c"ir ire e or (ol$ (ol$ ln$ ln$s s in t( t(e e %")l %")lic ic $o $o* *in in o' t( t(e e P(ili%%inesH T(e c%cit, to c"ire %ri.te ln$ is *$e $e%en$ent "%on t(e c%cit, to c c"ir "ire e or (ol$ ln$s ln$s o' %")lic %")lic $o*in $o*in Pri. Pri.te te ln$ ln$ *,) *,)e e trns' trns'err erre$ e$ or co con.e n.e,e ,e$ $ to in$i. in$i.i$" i$"l ls s or entit entities ies G G" "li& li&e$ e$ to c"i c"ire re ln$s ln$s o' t(e t(e %")lic %")lic $o*inHT(e 1735 constit"tion reser.e$ t(e ri!(t to %rtici%te in t(e G$is%osition e+%loittion $e.elo%*ent n$ "tili#tionH o' ll Gln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in n$ ot(er nt"rl reso"rces o' t(e P(ili%%inesH 'or Fili%ino citi#ens or cor%ortions t lest si+t, %ercent o' t(e c%itl o' (ic( s one$ ), Fili%inos Aliens (et(er in$i.i$"ls in$i.i$" ls cor%ortio cor%ortion n (.e )een $is"li&e$ $is"li&e$ 'ro* 'ro* c"irin! c"irin! %")lic ln$sK (ence (ence t(e, (.e lso )een $is"li&e$ 'ro* c"irin! %ri.te ln$s Petitioner @n! C(in!
Po s C(inese citi#enK t(ere'ore (e s $is"li&e$ 'ro* c"irin! n$ onin! rel %ro%ert, Ass"*in! t(t t(e !en"ineness n$ $"e e+ec"tion o' t(e Dee$ o' sle (s )een est)lis(e$ t(e s*e is n"ll n$ .oi$ it )ein! contrr, to l 29 es es T(e T(e %ri. %ri. te res% res%on on$e $ent nt took took %oss %osses essi sio on o' t(e t(e ln$ ln$ Un$e Un$err t(e l l %oss %o sses essi sion on is trn trns' s'er errre$ to t( t(e e .en$ .en$ee ee ), .irt .irt"e "e o' t( t(e e not notri ri#e #e$ $ $ee$ $ee$ o' con.e,nce Art instr"*ent 147 o' t(et(e Ci.ile+ec"tion Co$e o' t(e P(ili%%ines t(e sle is *$e t(ro"!(Un$er %")lic t(ereo' s(ll )e G(en e"i.lent to t(e $eli.er, o' t(e o)ect o' t(e contrct i' 'ro* t(e $ee$ t(e contrr, $oes not %%er or cnnot clerl, clerl, )e in'erre$ in'erre$ I' (t t(e %etitioners %etitioners *ent s t(t t(t t(e %ri.te res%on$ent ne.er li.e$ in t(e )"il$in! constr"cte$ on si$ ln$ it s )ec"se (er '*il, ($ settle$ in Iloilo It is *rkort(, t(t ll t(e t+ recei%ts ere in t(e n*e o' %ri.te res%on$ent n$ (er ("s)n$ T(e rentl recei%ts ere lso in t(e n*e o' (er ("s)n$
117 (ee vs Re%u'lic Crlo
360 SCRA &24
er! 5u,
Fcts: T(e Din!lsns 8.en$ors9 sol$ t(e s")ect %ro%ert, to =ee =ion! 8.en$ee9 C(inese citi#en =ter on t(e .en$ors &le$ n ction !inst t(e (eirs o' t(e .en$ee 'or t(e nn"l*ent o' sle n$ reco.er, o' t(e ln$ ssilin! t(e .li$it, o' t(e sle on t(e !ro"n$ o' t(e constit"tionl %ro(i)ition !inst liens c"irin! oners(i% %ri.te or %")lic ln$ T(e /TC CA n$ SC r"le$ neit(er 'or t(e .en$ors n$ .en$ee %%l,in! t(e %rinci%le o' %ri $elicto Anot(er cse s &le$ !inst t(e s*e $e'en$nts ), t(e s*e %lintiLs )"t t(is s )rre$ ), res "$ict s $eci$e$ ), t(e SC A'ter t(e r t(e i$os Eli#)et( n"el-=ee n$ Pcit "-=ee o' t(e (eirs o' =ee =ion! )ot( Fili%ino Citi#ens (erein %etitioners &le$ it( t(e /TC %etition 'or t(e reconstit"tion o' title o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, n$ !rnte$ t(e s*e T(e Solicitor >enerl &le$ %etition 'or nn"l*ent o' "$!*ent o' reconstit"tion @S> conten$e$ t(t t(e %etitioners ere not t(e %ro%er %rties in t(e reconstit"tion o' title since t(eir %re$ecessor-in-interest =ee =ion! $i$ not c"ire title to t(e lot )ec"se (e s C(inese citi#en n$ s constit"tionll, not "li&e$ to on t(e s")ect ln$ CA r"le$ in '.or o' t(e @S> ence t(is %etition Iss"e?s: ;@ t(e s"ccessors-in-interest 8%etitioners9 o' n Aliens (s t(e ri!(t to c"ire t(e s")ect %ro%ert, el$?/tio: ES T(e sle o' t(e ln$ s cons"**te$ in 1736 "n$er t(e 1735 Constit"ion liens lie ns co"l$ co"l$ not c"ir c"ire e %ri.te %ri.te !ric"l !ric"lt"r t"rl l ln$s ln$s s.e s.e in cses cses o' (ere$i (ere$itr tr, , s" s"cc cces essi sion on ere ere Alien Alien =e =ee e =ion! =ion! is $is" $is"li li&e &e$ $ to c"i c"ire re t(e t(e ln$ ln$ (oe (oe.e .err oners(i% o' t(e ln$ cnnot re.ert to t(e ori!inl seller )ec"se o' t(e %rinci%le o' %ri constit"tionl $elicto o t(e s")ect ln$ is in t(e (n$s o' %etitioners )ot(or Fili%inos T(e %roscri%tion on lien oners(i% o't(e ln$s o' t(e %")lic %ri.te $o*in s inten$e$ to %rotect ln$s 'ro* 'llin! in t(e (n$s o' non Fili%inos In
t(is cse (oe.er t(ere o"l$ )e no *ore %")lic %olic, .iolte$ since t(e ln$ is in t(e (n$s o' Fili%inos "li&e$ to c"ire n$ on s"c( ln$ GI' ln$ is in.li$l, trns'erre$ to n lien (o s")se"entl, )eco*es citi#en or trns'ers it to citi#en t(e R in t(e ori!inl trnsction is consi$ere$ c"re$ n$ t(e title o' t(e trns' tr ns'er eree ee is re ren$e n$ere re$ $ .li$H .li$H T("s t(e s")se" s")se"ent ent trns' trns'er er o' t(e %r %ro%e o%ert, rt, to "li&e$ Fili%inos *, no lon!er )e i*%"!ne$ on t(e )sis o' t(e in.li$it, o' t(e initil trns'er T(e o)ecti.e o' t(e constit"tionl %ro.ision to kee% o"r ln$s in Fili%ino (n$s (s )een c(ie.e$ Petition >/ATED
118 hi hili%% %%ii,e * *, ,:i :i,g ,g Cor% Cor%o orti rtio, o, vs vs## (ui (ui She &2 ?lici! o,ico i,g A#
21 SC SCRA RA
FACTS: J"stin Sntos )ec*e t(e oner o' t(e entire %ro%ert, in nil nil s (er sister $ie$ T(en lre$, ell $.nce$ in ,ers )ein! t t(e ti*e ti *e 70 ,ers ol$ )lin$ cri%%le$ n$ n in.li$ s(e s le't it( no ot(er relti.e to li.e it( S(e li.e$ in one o' t(e (o"ses (ile ;on! en! C(inese li.e$ it( (is '*il, in t(e rest"rnt ;on! ($ )een lon!ti*e lessee o' %ortion o' t(e %ro%ert, ;on! (i*sel' s t(e tr"ste tr" ste$ $ *n to (o* (o* s(e $eli.er $eli.ere$ e$ .rio" .rio"s s *o"nts *o"nts 'or s'ek s'ekee% ee%in! in! incl"$in incl"$in! ! rentls 'ro* (er %ro%ert, GIn !rte'"l cknole$!*ent o' t(e %ersonl ser.ices o' t(e lessee to (erH J"stin Sntos e+ec"te$ contrct o' lese in '.or o' ;on! co.erin! t(e entire %ro%ert, incl"$in! t(e %ortion on (ic( t(e (o"se o' J"stin Sntos stoo$ S(e t(en e+ec"te$ not(er contrct !i.in! ;on! t(e o%tion to )", t(e lese$ %re*is %re*ises es T(e o%tion o%tion s con$iti con$itione one$ $ on (is o)tin o)tinin! in! P(ili%%i P(ili%%ine ne citi#e citi#ens(i ns(i% % %etition 'or (ic( s t(en %en$in! in t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l It %%ers (oe (o e.e .er r t( t(t t t( t(is is %%li %%lic cti tion on 'o 'orr nt" nt"r rli# li#t tio ion n s s it($r it($r n n (en (en it s s $isco.ere$ $isco. ere$ t(t (e s not resi$ent o' /i#l In 175 s(e &le$ %etition %etition to $o%t (i* n$ (is c(il$ren on t(e erroneo"s )elie' t(t $o%tion o"l$ con'er on t(e* P(ili P( ili%% %%ine ine citi citi#e #ens ns(i% (i% T(e T(e erro errorr s s $isco $isco.e .ere re$ $ n$ n$ t(e t(e %roc %rocee ee$in $in!s !s ere ere )n$one$ =ter on s(e e+ec"te$ to ot(er contrcts one e+ten$in! t(e ter* o' t(e lese to 77 ,ers n$ not(er &+in! t(e ter* o' t(e o%tion o' 50 ,ers In to ills e+ec"te$ on s(e )$e (er le!tees to res%ect t(e contrcts s(e ($ entere$ into it( ;on! )"t in co$icil o' lter $te s(e %%ers to (.e c(n!e o' (ert Cli*in! t(t t(e .rio"s contrcts ere *$e ), (er )ec"se o' *c(intions n$ in$"ce*ents %rctise$ ), (i* s(e no $irecte$ (er e+ec"tor to sec"re t(e nn"l*ent o' t(e contrcts Action s &le$ n$ t(e co"rt s ske$ to $irect t(e /e!ister o' Dee$s o' nil nil to cncel t(e re!istrtion o' t(e contrcts Bot( %rties $ie$ $"rin! t(e %en$enc, o' t(e ction ;on! s s")stit"te$ ), (is i'e i' e ="i ="i S(e S(e (ile (ile J"sti J"stin n Snt Sntos os s s s" s")st )stit it"t "te$ e$ ), t(e t(e P(ili P(ili%%i %%ine ne Bnk Bnkin! in! Cor%ortion
ISSUE: ;(et(er n lien *, .li$l, c"ire lese ri!(t n$ n o%tion to )", rel %ro%ert, E=D?/ATI@: o A lese to n lien 'or reson)le %erio$ is .li$ So is n o%tion !i.in! n lien t(e ri!(t to )", rel %ro%ert, %ro%ert, on con$ition con$ition t(t (e is !rnte$ P(ili%%ine citi#ens(i% citi#ens(i% As t(is Co"rt si$ in ri.enko r i.enko . . /e!ister o' Dee$s: GAVliens re not co*%letel, e+cl"$e$ ), t(e Constit"tion 'ro* t(e "se o' ln$s ln$ s 'or re resi$e si$enti ntill %"r%ose %"r%oses s Since Since t(eir t(eir resi$e resi$ence nce in t(e P(ili%% P(ili%%ines ines is te*%orr, t(e, *, )e !rnte$ te*%orr, ri!(ts s"c( s lese contrct (ic( is not 'or)i$$en ), t(e Constit"tion S(o"l$ t(e, $esire to re*in (ere 'ore.er n$ s(re o"r 'ort"nes n$ *is'ort"nes Fili%ino citi#ens(i% is not i*%ossi)le to c"ireH B"t i' n lien is !i.en not onl, lese o' )"t lso n o%tion to )", %iece o' ln$ ), .irt" .irt"e e t(is o' (ic ( ( t(e Fili ili%i %ino no one o nerrit c cnno nnott se sell ll or t(t ot(er ot(eris ise e $is%o $is%ose se o' is(i (is %ro%ert, to ic( lst 'or 50 ,ers t(en )eco*es cler t(e rrn!e*ent s .irt"l trns'er o' oners(i% (ere), t(e oner $i.ests (i*sel' in st!es not onl, o' t( t(e e ri!(t ri!(t to eno, eno, t(e ln$ ln$ 8 8"s "s %oss %ossi$e i$en$ n$i i "s "t "ten en$i $i "s 'r"e 'r"en$ n$ii n$ n$ "s )"ten$i9 )"t lso o' t(e ri!(t to $is%ose o' it 8"s $is%onen$i9_ri!(ts t(e s"* totl o' (ic( *ke "% oners(i% It is "st s i' to$, t(e %ossession is trns'erre$ to*orro t(e "se t(e ne+t $, t(e $is%osition n$ so on "ntil "lti*tel, ll t(e ri!(ts o' (ic( oners(i% is *$e "% re consoli$te$ in n lien An$ ,et t(is is "st e+ctl, (t t(e %rties in i n t(is t( is cse $i$ it(in t(e s%ce o' one ,er it( i t( t(e re res"lt s"lt t(t J"stin J"stin Sntos Sntos oners oners(i% (i% o' (er %ro%ert %ro%ert, , s re$"ce$ re$"ce$ to (ollo (ollo conce%t As t(is Co"rt si$ in ri.enko: GIt is ell to note t t(is "nct"re t(t in t(e %resent cse e (.e no c(oice ;e re constr"in! t(e Constit"tion s it is n$ not s e *, $esire it to )e Per(%s t(e eLect o' o"r constr"ction is to %recl"$e (ere t(e, *, )"il$ liens $*itte$ 'reel, into t(e P(ili%%ines 'ro* onin! sites t(eir (o*es B"t i' t(is is t(e sole*n *n$te o' t(e Constit"tion e ill not tte*%t to co*%ro*ise it e.en in t(e n*e o' *it, or e"it, +++ GFor ll t(e 'ore!oin! e (ol$ t(t "n$er t(e Constit"tion liens *, not c"ire %ri.te or %")lic !ric"lt"rl ln$s incl"$in! resi$entil ln$s n$ ccor$in!l, "$!*ent is r*e$ it(o"t costsH