Maryland Metrics - Fastener Technical Data
Content
Maryland Metrics Metric Fastener Technical Information and Data -- Index If you do not have the Proper (minimum version 5.0) Acrobat Reader software, then please follow the instructions below the table:
Click for the section section 2 page index index of our fastener fastener technical technical data pages PAGE INDEX for FASTENER CATALOG CHAPTER - T Weights (mass)
Reference
Page
Weights for nuts
T1
Weights for screws: Hex head M3-M48 Lengths 5 mm-140 mm
T2
Weights for screws: Hex head M3-M48 Lengths 16 mm-200 mm
T3
Weights for screws: Socket head M1.6-M42 Lengths 3 mm-150 mm
T4
Weights for screws: Socket head M1.6-M42 Lengths 160 mm-400 mm
T5
Weights for Machine screws: M1.6-M16 Lengths 2 mm-100 mm
T6
Weights for Set screws: M1.6-M24 Lengths 3 mm-100 mm
T7
Weights for threaded rods: M1.6-M42
T7
Weights for washers
T8
Dimensions
- Calculation of screw Dimensions
T10
- Guidelines for maximum permissible operation force
T11
- Minimum yield loads
T9
- Estimation of screw diameters
VDI 2230
- Fatigue strength
T12 T13
Materials: Property classes
- Steel property classes
ISO 898
T14
Mating screws and nuts
ISO 898
T14
Mechanical properties for bolts, screws and studs
ISO 898
T15
Minimum breaking torques for bolts and screws Materials for Nuts
T16 T16
Materials for bolts, screws and studs
T17
Mechanical properties for nuts according to DIN
T18
Mechanical properties for nuts according to ISO
T18
Mechanical properties for fine thread nuts according to DIN/ISO
T19
Failure loads for nuts with nominal height of 0,5 D
T19
- Steels for low and high temperature applications (-253 to -10 ° C)
DIN 267/13
T24
- Steels for low and high temperature applications (-10 to -300 ° C)
DIN 267/13
T24
- Steels for low and high temperature applications (above 300 ° C)
DIN 267/13
T25
- Suitable mating materials for bolts and nuts
DIN 267/13
T25
ISO 3506 ISO 3506
T26 T27
- Stainless steels - Stainless steels -- Designation system (section 1) - Stainless steels -- Designation system (section 2) - Stainless Steel grades and property classes Mechanical properties according to DIN-ISO 3506
T28
Lower yield stress at elevated temperatures
T28
Coefficien Coeff icients ts of friction friction for the bearin bearing g area (bolt or nut) and the thread µ total
T29
Preload F v and tight tightening ening torque Ma
T29
Minimum breaking torques (Mb min)
T29
Chemical composition
T30
Corrosion resistance
T30
Tables of chemical resistances (page 1) Acetic acid thru Barium chloride
T31
Tables of chemical resistances (page 2) Barium hydroxide thru Copper chloride
T32
Tables of chemical resistances (page 3) Copper carbonate thru Hydrazine sulphate
T33
Tables of chemical resistances (page 4) Hydrochloric acid thru milk
T34
Tables of chemical resistances (page 5) Mixed acid thru phenol
T35
Tables of chemical resistances (page 6) Phosphoric acid thru Potassium sulphate
T36
Tables of chemical resistances (page 7) Pyrogallic acid thru sugar solution
T37
Tables of chemical resistances (page 8) Sulphur, dry thru vegetables
T38
Tables of chemical resistances (page 9) Vinegar thru zinc sulphate
T39
- Special materials Hastelloy ® Inconel ® Monel ®
T40
Nilo ® Nimonic ® Titanium
T40
- Brass, kuprodur (copper)
ISO 8839
T42
- Aluminum (aluminium)
ISO 8839
T42
- Polyamid (nylon ®)
T43
Tightening of fasteners
- Coefficient Coefficients s of frict friction ion in the bearin bearing g area (bolt or nut) and in the thread µ total
T20
- Steel screws
T21
- Serrated and ribbed screws and nuts
T22
- Thread forming screws
DIN 7500
- Pre-Loading of high strength structural bolting
DIN 18800
T22 A48
- Stainless steel screws
T29
- Molycote ® lubrication for fasteners (See note: A below)
T41
- Screws made of brass, aluminum, and copper
T42
- Screws made of polyamid (nylon ®)
T43
- Re Reduced lo loa ads fo for s o oc cket c ca ap sc screws w wiith ei either lo low w he hea ad he heights or or sm smaller so socket o op penings
T23
Threads
- Screw threads to DIN standards, overview
T44
- Screw threads to other standards, overview
T50
- ISO metric screw threads - basic dimensions
ISO 261
T51
-Threads: Limits of size/tolerance for nuts 5H/6H
ISO 965
T52
-Threads: Limits of size/tolerance for nuts 5H/6H (continued) + 7H -Threads: Limits of size/tolerance for bolts 6g/6h
ISO 965 ISO 965
T53 T54
-Threads: Limits of size/tolerance for bolts 6g/6h (continued) + 8g
ISO 965
T55
Tolerances - Screws and nuts
ISO 4759/1
General tolerances - dimensional
T56
General tolerances - dimensional (continued)
T58
General tolerances - dimensional (continued)
T60
General tolerances - dimensional (continued)
T62
General tolerances - dimensional (continued)
T64
- Washers - Standard tolerances and deviations - DIN 7151
ISO 4759/3
T64
DIN 7160-61
T66
- Slots (nominal sizes) and Cross recesses (nominal sizes)
T67
- Widths across flats, hexagon products
ISO 272
T68
- Widths across flats, hexagon products (continued)
ISO 272
T69
- Hexalobular (Torx ®) sockets (nominal sizes)
T69
Drill/Core holes (tap drill sizes)
- Core hole diameters for thread cutting screws
DIN 7513-16
T70
- Core hole diameters for thread forming screws
DIN 7500
T70
- Application and core hole diameters for tapping screws
DIN 7975
T71
- Recommended core hole diameters for tapping screws in metals
DIN 7975
T72
- Recommended co core h ho ole diameters for ta tapping sc screws in me metals ((c continued)
DIN 7975
T73
- Recommended core hole diameters for tapping screws in plastics
DIN 7975
T73
Coatings and platings
- Electroplated coatings
ISO 4042
T74
- Electroplated coatings - coating metal/alloy
ISO 4042
T74
- Electroplated coatings - chromate treatment performance comparison
ISO 4042
T74
- Coating thickness for external threads
T75
- Surface treatment processes - coatings and platings - Electroplated high-tensile steel
T76 T77
- Electroplated spring steel
T77
Securing against loosening
- Locking of fasteners
T78
- Limitations of locking elements
T79
- Static and dynamic tests of various locking elements
T81
- Chemical methods for securing against loosening
T82
- Kaflok ® (nylon ® - polyamid) patch (See note: A below)
DIN 267/28
T82
- Microencapsulation Precote ® (See note: A below)
DIN 267/27
T83
- Anerobic adhesives OmniFIT ® (See note: A below)
T84
- Anerobic adhesives OmniFIT ® (continued) - Anerobic adhesives OmniFIT ® (continued)
T85 T86
- Anerobic adhesives OmniFIT ® (continued)
T87
Quality Certificates
- Material tests EN10204
DIN 50049
T88
- Quality confirmation
T88
- Origin
T88
Click for the Master Fastener Catalog Index Page Click for many additional fastener technical data pages Click for additional technical data pages Note: A - We offer this only as a process applied to our fastener products, not as a separate 'for sale' item.
These data charts are also available for downloading as viewable/printable Acrobat PDF files. If you do not have the Proper (minimum version 4.0) Acrobat Acrobat Reader software, software, then download the free acrobat acrobat reade readerr software from the: [Acrobat download page] Then use your back button to return to this page. Phones: Phone s: (800) 638-1830 or (410) 358-3130 are available available Monday-Friday 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM Eastern time. Faxes:: (800) 872-9329 or (410) 358-3142 & E-mail are availab Faxes available le anytime. Warehouse Wareho use & showro showroom om hours are Monday-Friday 10 AM to 5:30 PM.
[ To: Maryland Metrics home page ] ] [ To: Maryland Metrics Product Guide ]] [ e mail to Maryland Metrics ] Please note that all Trademarks and Tradenames are the property of their respective owners. copyright copyri ght 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 maryland metrics -- all rights reserved -- ver gg20gCD inxtst.htm inxtst.htm
Maryland Metrics Metric Fastener Technical Information and Data Section 2 Index If you do not have the Proper (minimum version 5.0) Acrobat Reader software, then please follow the instructions below the table:
Click for the section section 1 page index index of our fasten fastener er technical technical data pages PAGE INDEX for Section 2 of our FASTENER TECHNICAL DATA CHARTS
Page
STANDARDS CONVERSION
4-11
Standards conversion DIN–EN–ISO/ISO–EN–DIN
4
Standards types, relations
5
Normative changes to screws
6
Normative changes to nuts
7
Normative changes to nuts
8
Normative changes to nuts
9
Normative changes to bolts and pins
10
Normative changes to threads and tapping screws
11
DIMENSIONS FOR FASTENERS
12 -91
Dimensions for screws and bolts
12
– Hexagon and hexalobular socket head cap screws
12
– Hexagon head screws/bolts
13
– Studs
14
– Set screws/grub screws
15
– Screw plugs/pipe plugs
16
– Screw plugs/pipe plugs
17
– Lubricating nipples
18
– Theft resistant screws/locking screws/locking screws
18
– Other screws with metric thread
19
– Other screws with metric thread
20
– Other screws with metric thread – Other screws with metric thread
21 22
– Other screws with metric thread
23
– Slotted and cross recessed screws with metric thread
24
– Slotted and cross recessed screws with metric thread
25
– Tapping screws, thread thread rolling screws and thread cutting screws
26
– Tapping screws, thread thread rolling screws and thread cutting screws
27
– Tapping screws, thread thread rolling screws and thread cutting screws
28
– Wood screws/chipboard screws screws
29
– Hooks/special Hooks/special bolts with wood screw thread
30
– Hooks/special Hooks/special bolts with wood screw thread
31
Dimensions for bolts, nuts and accessories for steel constructions
32
– Bolts, nuts and accessories, system HV
32
– Clamping lengths
33
Dimensions for nuts
34
– Hexagon nuts
34
– Hexagon nuts
35
– Hexagon nuts
36
– Locking nuts
37
– Locking nuts
38
– Locking nuts
39
– Nuts for T-slots
40
– Welding nuts
41
– Special forms
41
– Special forms
42
– Special forms
44
– Special forms
45
– Special forms
46
– Special forms
47
– Special forms
48
– Turnbuckles
49
– Square nuts
49
Dimensions for washers and rings
50
– Plain washers-round
50
– Plain washers-round
51
– Square washers/taper washers/taper washers
52
– Sealing washer-plain
53
– Retaining lock washers and rings
53
– Retaining lock washers and rings
54
– Retaining lock washers and rings
55
– Retaining lock washers and rings
56
– Retaining lock washers and rings
57
– Retaining lock washers and rings
58
– Retaining lock washers and rings – Retaining lock washers and rings
60 61
– Retaining lock washers and rings
62
– Retaining lock washers and rings
63
– Retaining lock washers and rings
64
– Retaining lock washers and rings
66
– Retaining lock washers and rings
67
– Retaining lock washers and rings
68
– Adjusting rings
69
– Special forms
70
– Special forms
71
– Special forms
72
Dimensions for pins
73
– Parallel pins/taper pins/grooved pins/grooved pins
73
– Parallel pins/taper pins/grooved pins/grooved pins
74
– Spring-type straight pins
75
– Linch pins/spring pins/spring cottes/split pins
76
– Linch pins/spring pins/spring cottes/split pins
77
Dimensions for handles
78
– Grips
78
– Tommy screws/tomm screws/tommy y nuts
79
– Tommy screws/tomm screws/tommy y nuts
80
Dimensions for brackets, clamps and rope fixings
81
– Stirrup bolts
81
– Hose clamps/pipe clamps
81
– Hose clamps/pipe clamps
83
– Rope clips/thimble clips/thimble ropes/shackles
84
Dimensions for rivets
85
Dimensions for other products
86
– Cam segments and washers for diagonal pull tension
86
– Hooks
86
– Axle holders
86
– Parallel keys
86
– Parallel keys
87
Tolerances for screws, nuts and washers
88
Tolerances for screws, nuts and washers
89
Tolerances for screws, nuts and washers
90
Tolerances, ISO deviations
91
PRODUCT INFORMATION
93 -103
Disc springs
93
Head shapes, drive features and ends of externally threaded fasteners
94
Cable ties and accessories
96
Cable ties and accessories
97
Lifting eye bolts and lifting eye nuts
98
Special materials
99
Wire thread inserts
100
Wire thread inserts
100
Wire thread inserts
101
Self tapping thread inserts
103
STEELWORK FASTENER AND FIXING SYSTEMS -LINDAPTER
104 -106
Steelwork fixings – grider clamps
104
Steelwork fixings – grider clamps
105
Product overview: grider clamps, support fixings, cavity fixings an and flfloor fixings
106
Product overview: grider clamps, support fixings, cavity fixings an and flfloor fixings
107
PLUGS AND ANCHORS
109 -139
Plugs and anchors: Selection and assembly aids Plugs and anchors: Selection and assembly aids
109 110
Plugs and anchors: Selection and assembly aids
111
Plugs and anchors: Selection and assembly aids
112
FISCHER/UPAT: Plugs and anchors
113
– General fixings
113
– General fixings
114
– High performance steel anchors anchors
115
– High performance steel anchors anchors
116
– High performance steel anchors anchors
117
– High performance steel anchors anchors
118
– High performance steel anchors anchors
119
– High performance steel anchors anchors
120
– High performance steel anchors anchors
121
– High performance steel anchors anchors
122
– High performance steel anchors anchors
123
– High performance steel anchors anchors
124
– Chemical fixings
126
– Chemical fixings
127
– Chemical fixings
128
– Chemical fixings
129
– Chemical fixings
130
– Chemical fixings
131
– Cavity fixings
132
– Cavity fixings
133
– Long-shaft anchors/frame fixings/adjustment fixings/adjustment fixings
134
– Long-shaft anchors/frame fixings/adjustment fixings/adjustment fixings
135
– Long-shaft anchors/frame fixings/adjustment fixings/adjustment fixings
136
– Scaffold fixings
137
– Insulation supports
138
– Electrical fixings fixings
138
PLUGS AND ANCHORS
139
MULTI-MONTI screw -in -anchors
139
MULTI-MONTI screw -in -anchors
140
MULTI-MONTI screw -in -anchors
141
Blind rivets and accessories
142
Blind rivets and accessories
143
Blind rivets and accessories
144
Blind rivets and accessories
145
Blind rivets and accessories
146
Blind rivets and accessories
147
Blind rivets and accessories
148
Blind rivets and accessories
149
Blind rivets and accessories
150
Blind rivets and accessories
151
BLIND RIVET SYSTEMS
142 -152
Blind rivet nuts and accessories
152
Blind rivet nuts and accessories
153
Blind rivet nuts and accessories
154
Blind rivet nuts and accessories
155
Profile, types, threadability
156
Profile, types, threadability
157
SCREW THREAD
156 -158
Tolerances, thread pitches
158
Tolerances, thread pitches
159
Steel screws, bolts, studs and nuts Steel screws, bolts, studs and nuts
160 161
Fasteners from corrosion -resistant stainless steel
162
Fasteners from corrosion -resistant stainless steel
163
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
160 -164
Fasteners from non -ferrous materials
164
Quality inspection
166
Certificates
166
Acceptance inspection inspection according to ISO 3269 INSPECTIONS, ACCEPTANCE TESTINGS, CERTIFICATES
167 166 -168
Test method: Hardness measurement, impact test
168
Test method: Hardness measurement, impact test
169
CORROSION PROTECTION
170 -184
General information, corrosion types, contact corrosion
170
Corrosion protection measures
171
Corrosion resistance
172
Electroplated coatings, maximum layer thicknesses
173
Hot dip galvanized coatings
174
ASSEMBLY SCREWED FASTENINGS FASTENINGS
175-184
General information, tightening methods, friction coefficients
175
General information, tightening methods, friction coefficients
176
Preloads and tightening torque for fasteners of steel
177
Preloads and tightening torque for fasteners of steel
178
Preloads and tightening torque for screwed fastenings with locking elements
179
Assembly instructions, instructions, preloads and tightening torque for high -strength structural bolting (system (system HV) Assembly instructions, instructions, preloads and tightening torque for high -strength structural bolting (system (system HV)
180 181
Preloads and tightening torque for fasteners from stainless steel
182
Preloads an and t ig ightening t or orque f or or f as asteners fr from br brass, po polyamide or or he heat res resisting st steel
183
Assembly instructions for tapping screws
184
Assembly instructions for tapping screws
185
General information, measures
186
Form-fitting locking elements and adhesive coatings
187
LOCKING OF SCREWED FASTENINGS Product overview of fo form-fitting locking elements and ad adhesive co coatings DIRECTIVES AND LEGISLATION
186 -188 188 189 -192
EC Directive 2000/53/EC on end -of -life vehicles
189
EC Directive 2002/95/EC on electrical and el electronic equipment (ROHS directive)
189
ZEK 01 -08 PAK
189
HR 4040 – CPSIA
189
EC Directive 76/769/EEC
190
EC Directive EC 2006/122/EC (PFOS)
190
EC Regulation 1907/2006 – Chemicals regulation (REACH)
190
EC Directive 89/106/EEC (Construction products directive)
190
EC Directive 2006/42/EC (Machinery directive)
191
Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG)
191
EC Directive 97/23/Ec (Pressure equipment directive)
192
Fastener Quality Act (FQA)
192
Click for the section section 1 page index index of our fasten fastener er technical technical data pages These data charts are also available for downloading as viewable/printable Acrobat PDF files. If you do not have the Proper (minimum version 4.0) Acrobat Acrobat Reader software, software, then download the free acrobat acrobat reade readerr software from the: [Acrobat download page] Then use your back button to return to this page. Phones: Phone s: (800) 638-1830 or (410) 358-3130 are available available Monday-Friday 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM Eastern time. Faxes Faxes: : (800) or (410) & E-mail are availab anytime. Warehouse Wareho use872-9329 & showro showroom om hours358-3142 are Monday-Friday 10available AM to le 5:30 PM. [ To: Maryland Metrics home page ] ] [ To: Maryland Metrics Product Guide ]] [ e-mail to Maryland Metrics ] Please note that all Trademarks and Tradenames are the property of their respective owners. copyright 2011 maryland metrics -- all rights reserved -- ver gg20gCD R264_tech_data_charts.htm
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Weights in kg / 100 pieces
m d
M 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 2,2 2,5
3 3,5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Nuts
0,5 d DIN 439 B
0,8 d DIN 934
1d VSM 13 75 756
ISO 4035
ISO 4033
0,0057 0,0067 0,111 0,0136 0,0192
ISO 4032 0,0030 0,0054 0,0063 0,0074 0,0094 0,0142 0,0204 0,0276
0 0,,0 02 35 24 7 0,051 0,077 0,148 0,326 0,717 1,020 1,580 2,030 2,920 3,960 5,190 6,840
0,,0 0, 0 03 58 13 2 0,0808 0,123 0,249 0,534 1,160 1,700 2,490 3,320 4,900 6,380 7,830 10,900
0 0,,0 04 68 40 2 0,101 0,154 0,324 0,658 1,480 2,220 2,950 4,090 6,040 7,590 10,000 13,200
DIN 917
DIN 1587
0,0178 0,0251 0,0346 0,0738 0,131 0,220 0,429 0,950 1,930 2,550 3,700 4,810 7,000 9,410 11,900 16,500
0,157 0,251 0,466 1,150 2,010 2,830 4,150 5,430 9,500 10,400 12,900 21,600
27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 52 56
9,630 14,200 17,500 24,800 30,400
16,400 22,900 28,700 39,200 49,900
19,400 27,700 35,400 47,400 61,300
22,900 31,000 41,800 57,700 75,200
39,800 64,900 48,300 79,600 61,000 97,200 73,600 119,000 88,300 143,000 Weights have been calculated for steel: – Brass nuts weigh about 1,08 times these values – Aluminium nuts weigh about 0,35 times these values – Polyamid (nylon) nuts weigh about 0,15 times these values
T1
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Weights in kg / 100 pieces
Hex head screws fully threaded
have been calculated forthese steel:values –Weights Brass screws weigh about 1,08 times values – Aluminium screws weigh about 0,35 0,35 times these values – Polyamid screws weigh about 0,15 times mes these values
ISO 4017 / DIN 933 L 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
M3 0,063 0,067 0,076 0,085 0,093 0,102 0,111 0,120 0,129
M4 0,131 0,139 0,154 0,170 0,185 0,201 0,216 0,232 0,247
M5 0,213 0,225 0,250 0,275 0,299 0,324 0,349 0,374 0,398
22 25 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 80 90 100 110
0,138 0,151 0,164 0,173 0,195 0,217
0,263 0,286 0,309 0,325 0,363 0,402 0,441 0,480 0,518 0,557 0,596 0,635 0,712
0,423 0,460 0,497 0,522 0,584 0,646 0,708 0,770 0,831 0,893 0,955 1,020 1,140 1,260
120 130
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 18
M 20
0,375 0,410 0,445 0,480 0,516 0,551 0,586 0,622
0,880 0,944 1,010 1,070 1,140 1,200 1,260
1,870 1,970 2,070 2,170 2,270 2,370
2,820 2,960 3,110 3,250 3,400
4,330 4,530 4,720 4,920
6,010 6,280 6,550
8,880 9,210
12,10
1,330 1,420 1,520 1,580 1,740 1,900 2,060 2,220 2,380 2,540 2,700 2,860 3,170 3,490 3 ,8 ,810 4,130
2,470 2,620 2,770 2,870 3,120 3,370 3,620 3,870 4,130 4,380 4,630 4,880 5,380 5,880 6 ,3 ,390 6,890
3,550 3,760 3,980 4,130 4,490 4,850 5,220 5,580 5,950 6,310 6,670 7,040 7,770 8,490 9 ,2 ,220 9,950
5,120 5,420 5,720 5,920 6,420 6,910 7,410 7,910 8,400 8,900 9,400 9,900 10,90 11,90 1 2, 2,90 13,90
6,810 7,210 7,610 7,880 8,550 9,210 9,880 10,50 11,20 11,90 12,50 13,20 14,50 15,90 17,20 18,50
9,540 10,00 10,50 10,90 11,70 12,50 13,13 14,20 15,00 15,80 16,60 17,50 19,10 20,80 2 2, 2,40 24,10
4,450 4,770
7,390 7,890 7,
10,70 11,40 11
14,90 15,90 15
19,90 19 2211,20
25,70 27,450
0,657 0,710 0,763 0,798 0,886 0,975 1,060 1,150 1,240 1,330 1,420 1,500 1,680 1,860 2,030
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30
M 33
M 36
M 39
M 42
12,50 13,10 13,70 14,10 15,20 16,20 17,30 18,30 19,30 20,40 21,40 22,50 24,50 26,60 2 8, 8,70 30,80 30
15,30 16,10 16,80 17,40 18,60 19,90 21,20 22,50 23,80 25,00 26,30 27,60 30,20 32,70 3 5, 5,30 37,80
20,60 21,50 22,10 23,60 25,10 26,60 28,10 29,60 31,10 32,60 34,10 37,10 40,10 4 3, 3,10 46,10
30,10 30,90 32,80 34,70 36,70 38,60 40,50 42,50 44,40 46,40 50,20 54,10 5 8, 8,00 61.80
41,30 43,70 46,10 48,40 50,80 53,20 55,60 57,90 60,30 65,00 69,80 7 4, 4,50 79,30
55,80 58,70 61,60 64,50 67,40 70,30 73,30 76,20 82,00 87,80 9 3, 3,60 99,50
71,00 74,50 77,90 81,30 84,80 88,20 91,70 95,10 102,0 109,0 116,0 123,0
93,40 97,50 102,0 106,0 110,0 114,0 118,0 126,0 134,0 142,0 151,0
112,0 117,0 121,0 126,0 131,0 135,0 140,0 149,0 159,0 1 68 68,0 178,0
142,0 174, 17 4,00 153, 15 3,00 158, 15 8,00 164, 16 4,00 169, 16 9,00 180, 18 0,00 191, 19 1,00 202, 20 2,00 213, 21 3,00
176,00 176, 182, 18 2,00 188, 18 8,00 194, 19 4,00 200, 20 0,00 213, 21 3,00 225, 22 5,00 237, 23 7,00 250, 25 0,00
32,90 35,00
40,40 43,00 43
49,10 52,10 52
65,70 69,60 69
84,00 88,70 88
105,0 111,0 11
129,0 136,0 13
159,0 167,0 16
187,0 197,0 19
224,00 224, 235, 23 5,00
262,00 120 262, 274, 27 4,00 130
M 45
M 48
L 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 80 90 100 110
140
8,390
12,10
16,90
22,50
29,00
37,00
45,50
55,10
73,40
93,50
117,0
143,0
175,0
206,0
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T2
245, 24 5,00
287, 28 7,00 140
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Weights in kg / 100 pieces
Hex head bolts partially threaded
ISO 4014 / DIN 931 L 16 18 20 22 25 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
M3 0,116 0,127 0,138 0,149 0,166 0,182 0,193 0,221 0,249 0,277 0,304
M4 0,220 0,240 0,260 0,280 0,309 0,339 0,358 0,408 0,457 0,506 0,556 0,605 0,654 0,704 0,753 0,852
M5
0,410 0,441 0,488 0,534 0,565 0,642 0,719 0,796 0,873 0,950 1,030 1,100 1,180 1,340 1,490 1,640
M6
0,675 0,742 0,808 0,853 0,964 1,070 1,190 1,300 1,410 1,520 1,630 1,740 1,960 2,180 2,410 2,630 2,850 3,040 3,270 3,490
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 18
M 20
1,560 1,640 1,840 2,040 2,230 2,430 2,630 2,830 3,020 3,220 3,620 4,010 4,400 4,800 5,190 5,540 5,940 6,330 6,730 7,120 7,520 7,910 8,300
3,220 3,530 3,840 4,150 4,460 4,760 5,070 5,380 6,000 6,610 7,230 7,850 8,460 9,010 9,630 10,20 10,90 11,50 11 12,10 12,70 13,30
5,020 5,460 5,900 6,350 6,790 7,230 7,680 8,570 9,450 10,30 11,20 12,10 12,90 13,80 14,70 15,60 16,50 16 17,30 18,20 19,10
7,640 8,250 8,885 9,460 10,10 10,70 11,90 13,10 14,30 15,50 16,70 17,80 19,00 20,20 21,40 22,60 23,80 25,00 26,20
10,10 10,80 11,60 12,40 13,20 14,00 15,60 17,20 18,70 20,30 21,90 23,30 24,90 26,50 28,10 29,60 31,20 32,80 34,40
14,40 15,40 16,40 17,40 18,40 20,40 22,40 24,40 26,40 28,40 30,20 32,20 34,20 36,20 38,20 40,20 42,20 44,20
19,70 20,90 22,20 23,40 25,90 28,30 30,80 33,30 35,70 38,00 40,40 42,90 45,40 47,80 50,30 52,80 55,20
T3
Weights have been calculated for steel: – Brass bolts weigh about 1,08 times these values – Aluminium bolts weigh about 0,35 times these values – Polyamid (nylon) bolts weigh about 0,15 times t imes these values
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30
M 33
M 36
M 39
M 42
M 45
M 48
25,50 26,90 28,40 31,40 34,40 37,40 40,40 43,40 46,10 49,10 52,10 55,00 58,00 61,00 64,00 67,00
33,20 35,00 38,50 42,10 45,60 49,20 52,70 56,00 59,50 63,10 66,60 70,20 73,70 77,30 80,80
47,00 51,50 56,00 60,50 65,00 69,50 73,60 78,10 82,60 87,10 91,50 96,00 101,0 105,0
66,20 71,70 77,30 82,80 88,40 93,40 99,00 105,0 110,0 11 116,0 11 121,0 127,0 132,0
89,40 96,10 103,0 110,0 116,0 122,0 129,0 136,0 13 143,0 14 149,0 156,0 163,0
110,0 118,0 126,0 134,0 141,0 149,0 157,0 165,0 173,0 181,0 189,0 197,0
144,0 154,0 163,0 172,0 181,0 191,0 200,0 209,0 219,0 228,0 237,0
181,0 192,0 202,0 212,0 223,0 234,0 245,0 256,0 267,0 278,0
215,0 227, 22 7,00 239, 23 9,00 251, 25 1,00 264, 26 4,00 276, 27 6,00 289, 28 9,00 301, 30 1,00 314, 31 4,00 326, 32 6,00
265,00 265, 278, 27 8,00 293, 29 3,00 307, 30 7,00 321, 32 1,00 335, 33 5,00 349, 34 9,00 364, 36 4,00 378, 37 8,00
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
L 16 18 20 22 25 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 80 90 100 110 1200 12 1300 13 1400 14 1500 15 1600 16 1700 17 1800 18 1900 19 2000 20
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Socket head cap screws
Weights have been calculated for steel
Weights in kg / 100 pieces
L 3 4 5 6 8 10
M 1,6 0,009 0,010 0,011 0,012 0,014 0,016
M2 0,015 0,017 0,019 0,021 0,025 0,029
M 2,5 0,030 0,034 0,037 0,040 0,046 0,052
M3
M4
M5
M6
0,063 0,067 0,071 0,080 0,088
0,150 0,165 0,180
0,270
0,470
L 3 4 5 6 8 10
12
0,018
0,035
0,058
0,096
0,195
0,295
0,507
12
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 18
M 20
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30
M 33
M 36
M 42
14 16 18 20 22 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
0,020 0,022
0,041 0,047
0,064 0,070 0,076 0,082 0,089 0,097
0,105 0,116 0,126 0,136 0,146 0,161 0,186 0,211 0,236 0,261 0,286 0,311 0,336
8900 100 110 120 130 140 150
0,210 0,225 0,245 0,265 0,285 0,315 0,365 0,415 0,465 0,515 0,565 0,615 0,665 0,715 0,765 0,815
0,320 0,345 0,370 0,401 0,432 0,478 0,555 0,632 0,709 0,786 0,863 0,940 1,02 1,10 1,18 1,25
0,546 0,575 0,614 0,653 0,692 0,759 0,870 0,99 1,10 1,21 1,32 1, 1,43 1, 1,54 1,65 1,76 1, 1,87 1,
1,15 1,21 1,27 1, 1 ,34 1, 1 ,40 1, 1 ,50 1, 1,69 1,89 1, 2 ,09 2, 2 ,29 2, 2,49 2,69 2,89 3,10 3,30 3, 3,50 3,
1,99 2,09 2,19 2,29 2,39 2,59 2,79 2, 3,10 3, 3 ,41 3, 3 ,72 3, 4,03 4,34 4,65 4,96 5,27 5, 5,58 5,
3,21 3,35 3,57 3,93 3, 4,29 4, 4 ,73 4, 5 ,17 5, 5,61 6,05 6,49 6,93 7,37 7, 7,81 7,
5,3 5,8 6,3 6,9 7,5 8,1 8,7 9,3 9,9 10,5 10
7,7 8,4 9,1 9,7 10,6 11,4 12,2 13,0 13,8 14,6 14
12,9 13,7 14,7 15,7 16,7 17,7 18,7 18 19,7 19
1155,0 1 6,1 16 17,2 18,3 19,5 20,7 22,0 22 23,2 23
25,0 26,3 27,6 29,1 30,6 30 32,1 32
30,0 31,6 33,0 34,5 36,3 36 38,1 38
44,0 44 4466,2
00,,896750 1,070
11,,3438 1,64 1,80 1,95
11, 2 ,,9280 2, 2 ,42 2, 2,64 2,86 3,08 3,30 3,52
33, 4 ,,7100 4, 4 ,50 4, 4,90 5,40 5,70 6,10 6,50
55, 6 ,,8591 6, 7 ,13 7, 7,74 8,36 9,01 9,64 10,27
88, 9 ,,2153 9, 10,00 10,90 11,80 12,50 13,40 14,30
111 112,,13 12 13,5 14,7 15,9 16,8 18,0 19,2
115 1 57,,40 17 1 8,6 18 20,2 21,8 23,4 25,0 26,6
220 2 02,,77 22 2 4,7 24 26,7 28,7 30,7 32,7 34,7
224 2 46,,49 26 2 9,4 29 31,9 34,4 36,9 39,4 41,9
333 3 36,,66 36 3 9,6 39 42,6 45,6 48,6 51,6 54,6
339 4 93,,95 43 4 7,1 47 50,7 54,3 57,9 61,5 65,5
448 5 82,,49 52 5 7,4 57 61,9 66,4 70,9 75,4 79,9
Above dash line: fully threaded T4
14 16 18 20 22 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 669 7 94,,05 74 8 0,0 80 85,5 91,0 96,5 102 108
97 11004 111 11 118 125 132 13
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
123 131 139 147 155 163
200 210 221 232
80 90 100 110 1 20 20 1 30 30 1 40 40 1 50 50
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(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Socket head cap screws
Weights in kg / 100 pieces ISO 4762 4762 / DIN 912 L 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 320 340 350 360 380 400
M 1,6
M2
M 2,5
M3
M4
M5
M6 3,74 3,96 4,18 4,40 4,62
M8 6,90 7,30 7,70 8,10 8,50 9,30 10,10 10,90 11,70 12,30 12,90 13,50 14,20 14,90 15,50
M 10 10,90 11,50 12,10 12,70 13,42 14,05 14,68 15,31 15,94 16,57 17,20 17,83 18,46 19,07 20,50
M 12 15,2 16,1 17,0 17,9 18,8 19,7 20,6 21,5 22,4 23,5 24,2 25,3 26,2 27,1 28,0
M 14 20,4 21,7 24,0 25,2 26,4 27,6 28,9 30,1 31,2 32,3 33,4 34,6 35,9 37,2 38,5
Weights have been calculated for steel
M 16 28,2 29,8 31,4 33,0 34,6 36,2 37,8 39,4 41,0 42,6 44,2 45,8 47,4 49,0 50,6 53,8 57,0 58,6 60,2 63,4 66,6
M 18 34,7 36,7 38,7 40,7 42,7 44,7 46,7 48,7 50,7 52,7 54,7 56,7 58,7 60,7 62,7 66,7 70,7 72,7 74,7 78,7 82,7
M 20 44,4 46,9 49,4 51,9 54,4 56,9 59,4 61,9 64,4 66,9 69,4 71,9 74,4 76,9 79,4 84,5 89,5 92,0 94,5 99,5 104,5
M 22 57,6 60,6 63,6 66,6 69,6 72,6 75,6 78,6 81,6 84,6 87,6 90,6 93,6 96,6 99,6 105,6 108,6 111,6 114,6 120,6 126,6
M 24 68,7 72,3 75,9 78,5 82,0 86,7 90,3 93,9 97,5 101,1 104,7 108,3 111,9 113,5 119,1 126,3 130,0 133,5 137,0 144,7 152,0
M 27 84,4 88,9 93,4 97,9 102,0 106,5 111,0 115,5 120,0 124,5 129,0 133,5 138,0 143,0 147,5 157,0 166,0 170,5 175,0 184,0 193,0
M 30 113 119 124 130 135 140 146 151 157 162 168 173 179 180 190 201 212 217 223 234 245
M 33 139 146 153 160 167 16 174 181 188 195 202 209 216 223 230 237 251 265 272 279 293 307
M 36 171 179 187 195 203 211 219 227 235 243 251 259 267 275 283 299 315 323 331 347 363
M 42 242 253 264 275 286 297 308 319 330 341 352 363 374 385 396 418 440 451 462 484 506
L 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 320 340 350 360 380 400
Socket head cap screws with low head (DIN 7984, DIN 6912) weigh about 0,7-0,9 times these values. T5
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
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Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Weights in kg / 100 pieces
Slotted machine screws
DIN 84, DIN 85 L 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 (14) 16 (18) 20 (22) 25 (28) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
M 1,6 0,007 0,0088 0,00 0,009 0,010 0,011 0,014 0,016 0,018 0,0 18 0,020 0,023 0,
M2
M 2,5
M3
0,0166 0,01 0, 017 0, 019 0, 021 0, 025 0,0 ,0229 0,03 0, 0322 0, 036 0, 040 0, 044 0, 047 0, 051
0,0277 0,02 0,030 0,033 0,036 0,042 0,048 0,05 0, 0544 0,060 0,066 0,072 0 ,0 ,078 0.084 0. 0,09 0, 0933 0,102 0,111 0,120 0,129 0,138
0,0477 0,04 0, 0 51 0, 0 56 0, 0 60 0, 0 69 0,0 ,0778 0,08 0, 0866 0, 0 93 0, 1 04 0,113 0 ,1 ,122 0,131 0, 0,14 0, 1444 0, 1 57 0, 1 66 0, 1 88 0, 2 10 0, 2 32 0,254 0, 2 76 0, 2 98
M4
0, 206 0, 220 0, 255 0 , 280 0, 0, 305 0, 330 0, 354 0 ,3 ,378 0, 402 0, 440 0, 467 0, 502 0, 562 0, 625 0, 688 0, 750 0, 810 0, 875 1, 000 1, 130 1, 255 1, 380
M6
0, 35 0, 39 0, 42 0, 46 0, 49 0 , 53 0, 0, 56 0, 60 0 , 65 0, 0, 71 0, 74 0, 82 0,92 0, 1,00 1, 09 1,17 1,26 1, 43 1,60 1,77 1, 94
– Brass screws weigh about 1,08 times these the se values
– Aluminium screws weigh about 0,35 0 ,35 times these values
DIN 963, DIN 964 M8
M 10
M 1, 6 0,004 0,00 0, 0055 0,006 0,008 0,009 0,01 0, 0111 0,013
0,102 0,109 0,117 0,133 0,147 0, 0,163 0,179 0,195 0,210 0 ,2 ,225 0,240 0, 0,264 0,287 0,302 0,349 0,380 0,417 0, 0,457 0,471 0,490 0,566 0,642 0,718
DIN 7985, DIN 965, DIN 966
M5
Weights have been calculated for steel:
0,78 0,84 1,46 0,91 1,56 0,97 1,66 1,04 1,76 1,10 1,86 1,17 1,96 1,26 2,11 1,36 2,26 1 ,42 1, 2 ,36 2, 1,58 2,61 1,74 2,86 1,89 3,11 2, 06 2, 3,36 3, 2,21 3,61 2,36 3,86 2,70 4,36 3,01 4,86 3,33 5,35 3,65 5,85
– Polyamid (nylon) screws weigh about 0 ,15 times these values
M2
M 2, 5
0,0100 0,01 0,011 0,013 0,015 0,01 0, 0199 0,023 0,0 0,026 0,030 0,034 0,038 0,04 0, 0422
0,0177 0,01 0,020 0,023 0,026 0,03 0, 0322 0,038 0,0 0 , 0 44 0, 0, 0 50 0, 0 56 0,062 0,06 0, 0688 0,074 0, 0 83 0,092 0,098
M3 M4
M5
0,029 0,0335 0,0676 0,0379 0,07 0,0754 54 0, 0,12 1211 0,0 ,046 4677 0,0 0,091 91 0, 0,14 1455 0,0 ,05555 0,1 ,1006 0, 0,1170 0,0643 0,122 0, 0 ,195 0,0731 0, 0, 0,137 0,219 0,082 0,153 0,244 0,0908 0,1 ,1668 0,269 0,09 0, 0996 96 0,184 0,294 0,108 0,199 0,318 0,122 0,222 0,355 0,135 0,246 0,393 0,144 0,261 0,416 0,166 0,3 0,3000 0,465 0,188 0, 0,338 0,540 0,210 0,376 0,602 0,232 0,414 0,665 0,254 0,452 0,728 0,276 0,490 0,791 0,5 ,5666 0,917 0,642 1,043 0,718 1,169 1,295
M6
0,21 0, 2199 0,2254 0, 0 , 289 0, 0, 325 0, 360 0,3 ,3995 0, 431 0, 466 0, 519 0, 572 0, 608 0,6 ,6996 0, 784 0, 873 0, 961 1, 049 1, 137 1,3 ,3113 1, 489 1, 665 1, 841
M8
M 10
M 12
M 16
0,5 ,500 0, 56 0,95 0, 63 1,06 0, 69 1,16 0,7 ,755 1,26 0, 82 1,36 0, 88 1 ,46 1, 0 , 97 0, 1,61 1. 07 1,76 1, 14 1 ,86 1, 1,3 ,300 2,11 1, 46 2,36 1, 62 2,61 1, 78 2,86 2, 1, 94 3,11 2, 10 3,37 2,4 ,422 3,80 2, 74 4,39 3, 06 4, 9 3, 38 5,41
2,08 2,22 2, 44 2, 66 2, 81 3, 17 3, 53 3, 90 4. 26 4, 62 4, 98 5, 17 6,444 6,4 7, 71 8, 98
4, 7 5, 1 5, 4 6, 1 6, 7 7, 4 8, 1 8, 7 9, 4 10,8 12,1 13,4 14,8
L 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 (14) 16 (18) 20 (22) 25 (28) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
Cross recessed sc screws rews weigh about weigh about 1,10 times these values
T6
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Weights in kg / 100 pieces
Set screws
Weights have been calculated for steel: – Brass screws weigh about 1,08 times these values
ISO 4026-4029 / DIN 913–DIN 916 4766, 7434-6 / DIN 417, DIN 438, DIN 551, DIN 553 553 L 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 16 18 20 22
M 1,6 0,0029 0,0037 0,0046 0,0056
M2 0,0044 0,0059 0,0074 0,0089 0,0119 0,0148
M 2,5 0,0075 0,01 0,0125 0,015 0,0199 0,0249
M3 0,010 0,014 0,018 0,022 0,031 0,040 0,049 0,067 0,076 0,085 0,094
ISO
– Aluminium screws weigh about 0,35 times these values – Polyamid (nylon) screws weigh about 0,15 times these values
M4
M5
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 18
0,022 0,030 0,038 0,053 0,068 0,083 0,113 0,128 0,143 0,158
0,056 0,080 0,104 0,128 0,176 0,200 0,224 0,248
0,111 0,146 0,181 0,251 0,286 0,321 0,356
0,189 0,252 0,315 0,441 0,504 0,567 0,630
0,378 0,478 0,678 0,777 0,876 0,975
0,96 1,10 1,24 1,38
1,56 1,76 1,96
2,15 2,47
2,75 3,12
M 20
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30
M 33
M 36
M 42
L 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 16 18 20 22
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
0,284
0,409 0,497 0,585
0,726 0,885 1,040 1,200 1,360 1,520 1,680 1,840 2,160 2,480 2,780 3,10
1,120 1,370 1,620 1,870 2,120 2,370 2,620 2,870 3.,370 3,870 4,370 4,870
1,60 1,96 2,32 2,68 3,04 3,40 3,76 4,12 4,84 5,56 6,28 7,00
2,25 2,55 3,15 3,65 4,13 4,64 5,16 5,70 6,73 7,76 8,80 9,82
Threaded Threa ded rods DIN 975
L
M 1,6
M2
M 2,5
M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M 10
1000
1,2
1,87
3
4,4
7,8
12,4
17,7
31,9
50
T7
2,80 3,46 4,11 4,77 5,43 6,09 6,75 7,41 8,67 10,00 11,27 12,57
3,55 4,42 5,22 6,00 6,87 7,68 8,55 9,35 10,93 12,60 14,20 15,85
4,26 5,29 6,32 7,35 8,38 9,41 10,40 11,47 13,53 15,60 17,65 19,71
5,15 6,40 7,45 8,73 10,02 11,30 12,60 13,85 16,42 19,00 12,60 24,11
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
7,2 8,7 10,2 11,7 13,2 14,7 16,2 19,2 22,2 25,2 28,2
Weights in kg / 100 pieces
M 12
M 14
M 16
M 18
M 20
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30
M 33
M 36
M42
L
72,5
97
133
165 16
208
254
300
385
475
590
690
940
1000
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Wei eig ght hts s in in kg kg / 100 pie iece ces s
d 1,6 1,8 2 2,2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6
DIN 125 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,009 0,010 0,012 0,015 0,030 0,044 0,114
Washers
DIN 9021
DIN 127
DIN 128
0,003
0,025 0,034 0,052 0,077 0,194 0,279
0,003 0,005 0,005 0,011 0,012 0,018 0,036 0,083
0,005 0,009 0,010 0,015 0,03 0,07
DIN 434
DIN 6916
8 10 12 14 16
0,214 0,408 0,627 0,86 1,13
1 28 0 22 24 27 30 33 36 39 42
1 1,,4 77 2 1,84 3,23 4,23 5,36 7,44 9,2 13,3 18,3
45 48 52 56 60 64
22,0 29,4 33,0 42,5 45,8 49,2
0,684 1,22 2,65 3,33 4,09
0,160 0,253 0,382 0,601 0,891
0,13 0,21 0,32 0,48 0,70
0,95 0,88 1,83
0,703
3,41
1,46
6 7,,7 84 2
0 1,,9 57 23 1,65 2,62 2,87 4,43
0 1,,7 28 2 1,33 2,15 2,37 4,25
5,7 8,25 1,28 11,9
1,96 2,43 3,06 5,02 6,32
6,73 7,17 11,1 11,7 12,3 18,2 19,3 20,3
6,8
11,5
11,1 12,3 19,3
Weights have been calculated for steel: – Brass washers weigh about 1,08 times these values values – Aluminium washers weigh about 0,35 times these these values – Polyamid (nylon) washers washers weigh about 0,15 times these values copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T8
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Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Calculation of screw dimensions For the calculation of screw dimensions, yield stress is the most important factor, assuming
sufficient nut strength or thread engagement is provided. It is the basis for calculating the highest load not causing plastic deformation of the fastener. When yield stress is exceeded, the fastener will extend more and more and finally break under the increasing load. The highest operating force must neither equal nor surpass the relevant yield load (load at yield stress and at Rp 0.2 respectivel respectively: y: see page T9), but must remain within an adequate safety limit below this factor. For simple static joints, operating force is permitted to reach approx. 90% of the yield load. When safety issues arise, or the load becomes dynamic, operating force must be a smaller portion of the yield load. The selection of the most suitable property class for bolted joints depends on the force to be transferred and on the designed dimensions. As a rule of thumb, property class 8.8 is to be selected unless special requirements need to be met. Property class 8.8 is not subject to any limiting conditions conditions as a result of electrolytic plating. Note the following with regard to relevant fields of application: - For lightweight construction, small given joint sizes are to be used to avoid extra weight, so the highest possible property classes with high mechanical properties should be selected. - The higher the selected property class, the higher the pressure on the bearing surface under screw head and nut. Check material specifications for maximum bearing stresses. - The possibility of brittle fracture, especially in case of unforeseen overstressing - or in case of a catastrophe - grows with increasing mechanical properties. This may be compensated to a certain extent by specific designing of the structura structurall parts and by favorable fastening conditions - i.e. longer clamping length or reduced shank diameters. - With increasing mechanical mechanical properties, properties, consider using a plating plating or coating without embrittling effect. - Different conditions, such as low-temperature ductility, heat resistance or corrosion resistance have special requirements. Fasteners made of steel according to standardized property classes should only be used within the temperature range of -50° to +300°C. - Regulations from official authorities defining material and mechanical properties of fasteners, such as pressure vessel codes, structural bolting and apparatus engineering, are to be duly complied with. - Production cost of the fully assembled assembled joint should be the guideline guideline for choosing a suitable combination of property class and fastener dimension, and not the price of the fasteners alone. Choosing less expensive screws will often cost more in the end than smaller, smaller, hightensile fasteners, which may be more expensive, but allow smaller joints. Storage and assembly costs need also be considered. - High-tensile bolted bolted joints are to be used as high-capacity components. components. Therefore, Therefore, they require more precise calculations, more careful manufacturing, and quality assurance guarantees which only brand name companies can provide. They further require adequate storage (maintaining finish and tightening friction) and more careful assembly by means of proper tightening methods.
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 10
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Guidelines for maximum permissible operation force Type of force
Permissible operating force in % of the yield load
Property class
3. 6 – 6. 6
4. 8 – 8. 8 10. 9 – 14. 9
Constant tensile force Safety limit against fracture: 2 85%
62%
55%
24%
18%
16%
Repeated tensile shocks Safety limit against fracture: 2 Notch factor of thread: K = 3,5
Constantly alternating (dynamic) tensile force (rotating parts, over 10 000 changes of load) Safety limit against fracture: 2 Notch factor of thread: Kw = 3 Fatigue strength under bending stress = 55% of the tensile strength
15%
12%
10%
11%
8%
7%
Constantly alternating (dynamic ) tensile and compressive forces. (rotating parts, flexure, over 10 000 changes of load) Safety limit against fracture:2 Notch factor of thread: Kw = 3 Fatigue strength under reversing stress = 40% of the tensile strength
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 11 11
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Minimum yield load
at yield stress (property classes 3.6 - 6.8) and at Rp 0.2 at (stress at permanent set limit of 0.2% for property classes 8.8 - 12.9) respectively. Dimension (with pitch P)
c o a r s e p i t c h
f i n e p i
M 4 x 0,7 M 5 x 0,8 M 6x1 M 8 x 1,25 M 10 x 1,5 M 12 x 1,75 M 14 x 2 M 16 x 2 M 18 x 2,5 M 220 x 2,5 M 24 x 3 M 27 x 3 M 30 x 3,5 M 33 x 3,5 M 36 x 4,0 M 8x1 M 10 x 1 M 10 x 1,25 M 12 x 1,25 M 12 x 1,5 M 14 x 1,5 M 16 x 1,5 M 18 x 1,5 M 20 x 1,5
Nominal thread stress area AS (mm2) 8,78 14,2 20,1 36,6 58,0 84,3 115 157 192 320435 353 459 561 694 817 39,2 64,5 61,2 92,1 88,1 125 167 216 272
Minor thread stress area A3 (mm2) 7,75 12,69 17,89 32,84 52,3 76,25 104,7 144,1 175,1
3.6 [N] 1 700 2 700 3 900 7 000 11 000 16 000 22 000 30 000 37 000
4.6 [N] 2 100 3 400 4 900 8 800 14 000 20 500 28 000 38 000 46 000
4.8 [N ] 3 000 4 900 6 900 12 500 20 000 29 000 39 000 54 000 65 000
28215,52 324,3 427,1 519,0 647,2 759,3 36,03 60,45 56,29 86,03 81,07 116,1 157,5 205,1 259,0
5487 000 67 000 87 000 107 000 132 000 155 000 7 500 12 500 12 000 17 500 17 000 24 000 32 000 41 000 52 000
7539 000 85 000 110 000 135 000 167 000 196 000 9 400 15 500 15 000 22 000 21 500 30 000 40 000 52 000 65 000
10834 000 120 000 156 000 191 000 236 000 278 00 13 500 22 000 21 000 32 000 30 000 43 000 57 000 74 000 93 000
Yield load for property classes 5.6 5.8 6.8 [N ] [N] [N] 2 700 3 700 4 200 4 300 6 000 6 900 6 100 8 500 9 700 11 000 15 500 18 000 17500 24 500 28 000 25 500 36 000 41 000 35 000 49 000 55 000 47 000 66 000 76 000 58 000 81 000 92 000 9714 000 106 000 138 000 169 000 208 000 245 000 12 000 19 500 18 500 28 000 26 500 38 500 50 000 65 000 82 000
12073 000 148 000 193 000 236 000 292 000 343 000 16 500 27 000 26 000 39 000 37 000 53 000 70 000 91 000 114 000
14168 000 170 000 221 000 270 000 333 000 392 000 19 000 31 000 29 500 45 000 42 000 60 000 80 000 104 000 131 000
8.8 [N ] 5 700 9 100 13 000 23 500 37 500 54 000 74 000 101 000 127 000
10.9 [N] 8 300 13 500 19 000 35 000 55 000 79 000 108 000 148 000 181 000
12.9 [N] 9 700 16 000 22 000 40 000 64 000 93 000 127 000 173 000 211 000
210602 000 233 000 303 000 370 000 459 000 540 000 25 000 41 000 39 000 59 000 57 000 80 000 107 000 143 000 180 000
28351 000 332 000 432 000 528 000 653 000 768 000 37 000 61 000 58 000 87 000 83 000 118 000 157 000 203 000 256 000
323740 000 389 000 505 000 618 000 764 000 899 000 43 000 71 000 68 000 102 000 97 000 138 000 184 000 238 000 299 000
t c h
M 22 x 1,5 M 24 x 2 M 27 x 2
333 384 496
319,2 364,9 473,2
63 000 73 000 94 000
80 000 92 000 119 000
113 000 131 000 169 000
100 000 115 000 149 000
140 000 161 000 209 000
160 000 185 000 238 000
220 000 254 000 328 000
313 000 361 000 467 000
367 000 423 000 546 000
M 30 x 2 M 33 x 2 M 36 x 3
621 761 865
596,0 732,8 820,4
118 000 145 000 165 000
149 000 183 000 208 000
211 000 259 000 294 000
187 000 229 000 260 000
261 000 320 000 364 000
298 000 365 000 416 000
410 000 502 000 571 000
584 000 716 000 814 000
684 000 838 000 952 000
T9
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Estimation of screw diameters
(according to VDI* 2230)
The following procedure enables an estimation of screw diameter depending on the operating force at temperature of 20°C (15° - 25°C) and on tightening method. The result has to be double checked by either exact calculation or testing the joint. Special conditions as mentioned e.g. on page T 10, are not taken into consideration for this estimation. 1
Force in N
2
3
4
A Choo Choose se the next higher higher force force value to operating force F A, Q acting on the bolted joint.
Nominal diameter in mm Property class 12.9
10.9
8.8
250 400 630 1 000 1 600 2 500
3 3
3 3
3 4
4 6 000 300 10 000 16 000 25 000 40 000 63 000 100 000 160 000 250 000 400 000 630 000
4 4 5 6 8 10 12 16 20 24 30 36
4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 27 36
5 5 8 8 10 14 16 20 24 30
B Th Thee requir required ed minim minimum um preloa preloadd force force F M min is found by proceeding from this force with: 4 steps for static or dynamic transverse shear force,
or 2 steps for dynamic and eccentric axial force,
or
1 step for either dynamic and concentric or static and eccentric axial force,
or
Example:
0 step for static and concentric axial force.
A joint is dynamically and eccentrically loaded by the axial force F A = 5800 N. A screw with property class 8.8 is to be assembled using a manual torque wrench.
C The required maximum preload force F M max is found by proceeding from force F M min with: 2 steps for tightening the screw with a simple mechanical, motorized or pneumatic screw driver, which is set for a certain tightening torque, or
A 630 63000 N is the ne next xt high higher er forc forcee to F A in column 1. B 2dynamic steps for steps “eccentric “eccent ricadd andup to F M and axial force” 16000 N. min = 16000 C 1 step for for “tightenin “tighteningg with mannua ma uall to torq rquue wre rennch ch”” adds to F M max = 25000 N.
1 step for tightening with a torque wrench or precision screw driver,, which is set and driver and checked by means means of the dynamic torque measurement or elongation of the screw. or
up
D For the the force force F M max = 25000 N, you will find thread size M 10 in column 4 (property class 8.8) * VDI = Engineers Associat Assoc iation ion of Germ German an
0 step for tightening by angle control or by computerized yield point control.
D Once the maximum preload force is estimated, the correct screw size in mm is mm is found next to it in column 2 to 4 underneath the appropriate property class. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 12
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Fatigue strength In the first loaded thread of a screw there is a strong notch effect. Dynamic stress (may it be from axial , bending or torque load) reduces the capacity of a threaded fasteners to a fraction of the strength under static conditions. Independent from value of the static load and independent between ± 40from and the ± 70property N/mm2.class of the screw, the fatigue strength of threaded fasteners is Thread heat treated after threading
Fatigue strength (N/mm2) ± QAeh < 0,75
(
Range (standard value only)
180 + 52
)
Preload depending no
(eh)
d
threaded after heat treating ± Q < (et) Aet
2
(
0,2F0,2 < Fv < 0,8F0,2
Fv F0,2
·Q
)
yes Aeh
Fatigue strength of bolt threads of fasteners of property property class 8.8 , 10.9 and 12.9
By appropriate design of the threaded joint and controlled tightening the dynamic component of the load has to be eliminated or at least reduced to an acceptable minimum: – Use smaller screw diameters diameters (higher property property classes) – Increase preload preload (use higher property property classes and a controlled tightening tightening method) – Keep the screw elastic and the joint parts rigid (use long, long, thin screws or bolts with reduced shank) – Use sufficient sufficient thread engagement engagement – Use "special" nuts (e.g. stretch nuts of conical conical shape, nuts of lower property class) – Keep (or move) the operating force force as near to the parting plane as possible. – Reduce eccentricity eccentricity of the external force relative relative to the joint center. center. – (Also, see page T 78 "Locking of fasteners") fasteners") T 13
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Property classes The symbol for the property classes of bolts, screws and studs consists of two numbers separated by a point. The first number, when multiplied by one hundred, indicates the nominal tensile strength in newtons per square millimeter. The second figure, multiplied by ten, states the ratio between the lower yield stress and the nominal tensile strength (yield stress ratio) as a percentage. The multiplication of these two figures will give one tenth of the yield stress in newtons per square millimeter.
For nuts, the main characteristic property is the thread stripping strength (proof stress). The property classes of nuts are designated by a figure to indicate the maximum appropriate property class of bolts with which they may be mated. Thus, nut property class is the same as the first figure of the bolt designation.
Internationally, mechanical stress area, is expressed in newtons per square in 2 bolting N/mm . US practice is to use the term megapascal (MPa), which correspond to N/mm 2.
Example of a screw in property class 5.8 Nominal tensile strength 5 ¥ 100 = 500 N/mm2 (MPa)
Ex. 500 /mm2 = 500 MPa
Yield stress ratio 8 ¥ 10 = 80%
In this cataloque the term N/mm2 is used only.
Yield stress 80% of 500 500 = 400 N/mm N/mm2 (MPa)
Mating screws and nuts Property classes bolts, screws, studs
Property classes
3. 6
4 .6
4.8
5. 6
5 .8
6.8
8. 8
9 .8
10.9
12.9
14.9
Property classes nuts
5
6
8
9
10
12
14
Nuts of a higher property class can nomally be used in the place of nuts of a lower property class. * Property classes 14.9 are not ISO or ANSI standard = quenched and tempered
T 14
ver b2a
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Mechanical properties of bolts, screws, and studs according DIN-ISO 898, part 1 Property (at 20 °C)
3.6
10.9
12.9
600
8.8 1) 9.8 3) "d > M 16 M 16 2) 800 800 900
1000
1200
600 190
800 250
830 255
900 290
1040 320
1220 385
220 (250 at the screw end)
250
3320 20
335
36 3600
38 3800
435
114 124 147 152 209 (238 at the screw end)
181 238
238 3304 04
242 318
276 34 3422
304 36 3611
366 414
67 71 79 82 – – – – 95,0 (99,5 at the screw end) – – 18 0 240 320 300 400
89 – 99,5
– 22 – 32
– 32 – 39
– 39 – 44
480
–
–
–
190 19 0
480
– 640
– 640
– 720
– 900
– 1080
640 0,91
660 0,91
720 0,90
940 0,88
1100 0,88
Tensile strength,
nominal
30 0
Rm4), 5), N/mm2 Vickers hardnes hardnesss
min. min.
330 33 0 95
HV, F $ 98 N
max. ma x.
Brinell hardness
min. max. ma x.
90
min. HRB min. HRC max. HRB max. HRC
52 –
HB, F = 30 D2 Rockwell hardness HR Surface hardness, HV 0,3 Lower yield stress, Rel 7), N/mm2
Stress at 0,2% non-proportional elongation, Rp 0,2, in N/mm2 Stress ratio
nominal min. nominal min. Sp / ReL or
4.6
4.8
Property class 5.8 6.8
5.6
400 400 120
240
500 420 130
500 155
340
300
520 160
420
– – 0,94
0,94
0,91
0,93
0,90
0,92
– – 23 28 – – 34 37 see foot note 6) – –
Stress under proof load S p Elongation after fracture, A Reduction of area after fracture Strength under wedge loading 5) Impact strength, J Head soundness
Sp / Rp 0,2 N/mm2 min. % min. %
min.
180 18 0 22 2255 310 280 380 440 580 600 65 6500 830 970 25 22 – 20 – – 12 12 10 9 8 – 52 52 48 48 44 The values for full size bolts and screws (not studs) shall not be smaller than the minimum values for tensile strength. – 25 – 30 30 25 20 15 no fracture fracture
Minimum height of non-decarburize non-decarburizedd thread zone, E Maximum depth of mm complete decarburization, G
1
– –
2
/2 H 1
/3 H 1
3
/4 H 1
0,015
1
) For bolts of property class 8.8 in diameters diameters d 16 mm, there is an increased risk of nut stripping stripping in the case of of inadvertent over-tightening over-tightening inducing a load in excess of proof load. Reference to ISO 898-2 is recommended..
2
) For structural bolting the limit is 12 mm.
3
) Property class 9.8 applies only to nominal thread diameters d 16 mm. mm.
4
) Minimum Minimum tensile properties apply to products of nominal length 1 2,5 d. Minimum hardness applies to products of length 1< 2,5 and other products which cannot be tensile-tested (e.g. due to head configuration.)
) Surface hardness shall not be more than 30 Vickers points above the measured core hardness on the product when
6
readings of both surface and core are carried out at HV 0,3. For property class 10.9, any increase in hardness at the surface which indicates that the surface hardness exceeds 390 HV is not acceptable. 7) In
cases where the lower yield stress ReL cannot be determined, it is permissible to measure the stress at 0,2% nonproportional elongation R 0.2
ver dd11j
T 15
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA ) Minimum breaking torques (M B min for bolts and screws of property classes according DIN-ISO 898/1 Thread diameter
Pitch
Minimum breaking torque MB min
P
for property class
Nm mm
5.8
8.8
10.9
12.9
M 1
0,25
0,022
0,033
0,040
0,045
M 1,2
0,25
0,05
0,075
0,092
0,10
M 1,4
0,3
0,08
0,12
0,14
0,16
M 1,6
0,35
0,11
0,16
0,20
0,22
M 2
0,4
0,25
0,37
0,45
0,50
M 2,5
0,45
0,55
0,82
1,0
1,1
M 3
0,5
1,0
1,5
1,9
2,1
M 3,5
0,6
1,6
2,4
3,0
3,3
M 4
0,7
2,4
3,6
4,4
4,9
M 5
0,8
5,1
7,6
9,3
10
M 6
1
8,7
13
16
17
M 8
1,25
22
33
40
44
–
25
38
46
52
1,5
44
66
81
90
M 8
×
1
M 10 M 10
×
1
–
56
84
102
114
M 10
×
1,25
–
50
75
91
102
Materials for nuts Chemical composition limits (check analysis), %
Property class C max.
Mn min.
P max.
S max.
4 1), 5 1), 6 1)
–
0,50
–
0,060
0,150
8, 9
04 1)
0,58
0,25
0,060
0,150
10 2)
05 2)
0,58
0,30
0,048
0,058
12 2)
–
0,58
0,45
0,048
0,058
1) Nuts of these property classes may be be manufactured from free-cutting free-cutting steel unless otherwise agreed between between the purchaser and the manufacturer manufacturer.. In such cases the following maximum sulphur, phosphorus and lead contents are permissible: sulphur 0,34%
phosphorus 0,11%
lead 0,35%
2) Alloying elements may be added if necessary necessary to develop the mechanical properties properties of the nuts.
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 16
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Materials for bolts, screws and studs Property class
Materials and treatment
Chemical composition limits (check analysis) % C
3.61) 4.61) 4.81) 5.61) 5.81) 5.81 6.81) 8.82)
9.8
10,9 4)
10.9 5)
12.9 5), 6)
S max.
B9) max.
min.
max.
P max.
–
0,20
0,05
0,06
0,003
–
0,55
0,05
0,06
0,003
Carbon steel
Tempering temperature °C min.
– 0,153)
0,55
0,05
0,06
0,003
–
0,55
0,05
0,06
0,003
Carbon steel with additives (e. g. Boron or Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered or Carbon steel quenched and tempered
0,153)
0,40
0,035
0,035
0,253)
0,55
0,035
0,035
Carbon steel with additives (e.g. Boron or Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered or
0,153)
0,35
0,035
0,035
Carbon steel quenched and tempered
0,253)
0,55
0,035
0,035
Carbon steel with additives (e. g. Boron or Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered
0,153)
0,35
0,035
0,035
Carbon steel quenched and tempered or Carbon steel with additives (e. g. Boron or Mn or Cr), quenched and tempered or Alloy steel quenched and tempered7)
0,253)
0,55
0,035
0,035
0,203)
0,55
0,035
0,035
0,203)
0,55
0,035
0,035
0,003
Alloy steel quenched and
0,283)
0,50
0,035
0,035
0,003
0,003
425
0,003
425
0,003
340
425
380
tempered7) 1) Free cutting steel is allowed for these property classes with with the following maximum sulfur, sulfur, phosphorus phosphorus and lea contents: sulfur 0,34%; phosphorus 0,11%; lead 0,35%. 2) For nominal diameters diameters above 20 mm the steels steels specified for property property classe 10.9 may be necessary necessary in order to achieve sufficient hardenability. 3) In case of plain carbon boron alloyed steel with a carbon carbon content below 0,25% (ladle analysis), analysis), the minimum manganese content shall be 0,6% for property class 8.8 and 0,7% for 9.8 and 10.9. 4) Products shall be additionally additionally identified identified by underlining the symbol of the property class. 5) For the materials of these property classes, it is intended that there should be a sufficient hardenability hardenability to ensure a structure consisting of aproximately 90% martensite in the core of the threaded sections for the fasteners in the “as-hardened” condition before tempering. 6) A metallographically detectable detectable white phosphorous enriched enriched layer is not permitted for property class 12.9 on surfaces subjected to tensile stress. 7) This alloy steel shall contain at least least one of the following following elements elements in the minimum minimum quantity given: given: chromium 0,30%, nickel 0,30%, molybdenum 0,20%, vanadium 0,10%. Where elements are specified in combinations of two, three or four and have alloy contents less than those given above the limit value to be applied for classification is 70% of the sum of the individual limit values shown above for the two, three or four elements concerned.
9) Boron content can reach 0,005% providing that that non-effective non-effective boron is controlled controlled by titanium and/or aluminium additions. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 17
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Mechanical properties for nuts according DIN (only valid for DIN 934/DIN 985) DIN 267/part 4 Mechanical properties
Property class
Nominal proof load stress
N/mm 2
4 400
5 500
6 600
8 800
10 1000
12 1200
Vickers hardness … HV 5
max.
302
302
302
302
353
353
Brinell hardness … HB 30
max.
290
290
290
290
335
335
Rockwell hardness … HRC
max.
30
30
30
30
36
36
Mechanical properties for nuts according ISO (for all other DIN-ISO-nuts)
ISO 898/part 2 Property class Nominal size (thread diameter) mm over
04 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2
to
05
HV
Stress under proof load Sp
min. max.
N/mm2
Vickers hardness
5
HV
Stress under proof load Sp
min. max.
N/mm2
Vickers hardness
–
4
520
4
7
580
7
10
10
16
16
39
39
100
380
188
302
–
mm over to
Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2
min. 180
–
4
800
4
7
855
7
10
870
10
16
39
Vickers hardness 1) + 2)
200
880 39 9201) 8902) 2331) 1802) 100
–
1) Nuts style 1 (ISO 4032)
353
207
0,8 d nuts
Vickers hardness HV 1) min. max.
max.
Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2
302
610
1050 3531) 3022)
1060 –
150
680
302
700
630
146
720
170
–
128
–
142
12
Vickers hardness proof 1) + 2) min. max.
1040 1040
HV 1) min. max.
670
130
1040 302
Vickers hardness
N/mm2
Property class 10
8
(thread diameter)
272
Stress under proof load Sp
600
590
–
Nominal size
16
500
6
272
353
Stress under
Vickers hardness
load Sp N/mm2 11401) 11502) 11401) 11502)
2) min.
max
2951) 1 2 1140 ) 1160 ) 2722) 11701) 11902) 12002)
–
–
–
2) Nuts style 2 (ISO 4033)
–
353
– 1,0 d nuts
Note: – Minimum hardness is mandatory only for heat-treated nuts and nuts too large to be proof-load tested. For all other nuts, minimum hardness is provided for guidance only. – Nuts of property class 05, 8 (Style 1 > M 16 only), 10 and 12 shall be hardened and tempered. – Hardness values for nominal sizes (thread diameters) over 39 up to and including 100 mm are to be used for information and guidance only.
T 18
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Mechanical properties for fine thread nuts according DIN-ISO ISO 898/part 6 Property class Nominal size (thread diameter)
04 Stress under proof load
mm
Sp N/mm2
05 Vickers hardness HV 30
Stress under proof
Vickers hardness
load
load
HV 30
Sp N/mm2
6
Sp N/mm2
HV 30 1) min. max.
10
690
175
770
10
16
720
190
780
16
33
33
39
500
272
353
302
HV 30 1) min. max.
Sp N/mm2
7
302
Vickers hardness
load
to
188
min. max.
Vickers hardness
Stress under proof
over
380
min. max.
Stress under proof
5
188 302
870
233
920 Property class
Nominal size (thread diameter mm over to
8 Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2
7
10
10
16
16
33
10301)
33
39
10901)
9551) 8902)
10
12
Stress Vickers hardness under Vickers hardness HV 30 proof HV 30 load 1) + 2) 1) + 2) Sp min. max. N/mm2 min. max. 11001) 1 2 1 2 250 ) 195 ) 353 ) 302 ) 105522) 2951) 2502) 353 1 1110 ) 1055 ) 1 295 )
1
2
353 )
1080 )
1) Nuts style 1 (ISO 8673/DIN 971 part 1) 0,8 d nuts 2) Nuts style 2 (ISO 8674/DIN 971 part 2) 1,0 d nuts
2 260 )
353
Stress under proof load Sp N/mm2
Vickers hardness HV 30 2) min. max.
1200
295
353
–
–
–
Failure loads for nuts with nominal height of 0,5 D The values of failure loads given for guidance in the following table apply to different bolt classes. Bolt stripping is the expected failure mode for lower strength bolts, while nut stripping can be expected for bolts of higher property classes. Minimum failure loads for nuts in % of the screws proof load (for guidance only) Property class of the nut
Property class of the bolt
6.8
8.8
10.9
12.9
04
85
65
45
40
05
100
85
60
50
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 19
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Steels for low and high temperature applications Temperatures from –253 to –1 –10 0 °C Material Designation
Material number
according to
Symbol
Guideline for lower standard limit of temperature in continuous operation2)
KA
– 65 °C
KB
– 140 °C
KC
– 253 °C
26 CrMo 4
1.7219
12 Ni 19
1.5680
X 12 CrNi 18 9
1.6900
X 10 CrNiTi 18 10
1.6903
KD
– 253 °C
X 5 CrNi 18 9
1.4301
A21)
– 196 °C
steel-iron standard 680
X 5 CrNi 19 11
1.4303
X 10 CrNiTi 18 9
1.4541
X 5 CrNiMo 18 10
1.4401
X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 10
1.4571
ISO 3506/part 1 resp. AD-W 10
A21 A2 1)
– 196 °C
A21)
– 196 °C
A41)
– 60 °C
A41)
– 60 °C
1)If there is space enough on the fastener, fastener, it has to be marked with the property class additionally to the steel grade A2 and A4: e.g. A2-70 (see ISO 3506/part 1). If a specific steel is required the fastener has to be marked with the standard standard number number or the designation. designation. This is valid also for fasteners larger than M 39 . 2)Refer to the DIN worksheet W 10 and the steel-iron-standard 680.
Temperatures from –10 to +300 °C Hot yield-point (as information only, not subject to acceptance inspection) Temperature + 20 °C
+ 100 °C
+ 200 °C
+ 250 °C
+ 300 °C
Property classes
Mating nuts
4.6–21)
5-21)
240
210
190
170
140
5.6
5-21)
300
270
230
215
195
8.8
8
640
590
540
510
480
10.9
10
940
875
790
745
705
12.9
12
1100
1020
925
875
825
Lover yield stress ReL or 0,2% permanent strain Rp 0,2 (as guideline only) N/mm2 N/mm 2
Continuous stress at higher temperature may cause warm creep (e.g. 100 hours operation at 300° C may cause loss of preload up to 25%). 1) Index -2 states that that "Thomas" steel steel is not accepted for this property class. For screws of property class 4.6-2 impact strength of min. 25 J is required (is equal as for 5.6 screws). screws). copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 24
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Temperatures above +300 °C according DIN 17 240 Designation
Material number
Guideline for upper standard limit of temperature in continuous operation (acc. DIN 17 240)
Symbol
C 35 N2)
1.0501
Y
+ 350 °C3)
Ck 35
1.1181
YK
+ 350 °C3)
Cq 35
1.1172
YQ
+ 350 °C3)
24 CrMo 5
1.7258
G
+ 400 °C4)
21 CrMoV 5 7
1.7709
GA
+ 540 °C3)
40 CrMoV 4 7
1.7711
GB
+ 540 °C3)
X 22 CrMoV 12 1
1.4923
V6)
+ 580 °C3)
X 19 CrMoVNbN 11 1
1.4913
VW
+ 580 °C3)
X 8 CrNiMoBNb 16 16
1.4986
S
+ 650 °C3)
X 5 NiCrTi 26 15 5)
1.4980
SD
+ 700 °C3)
NiCr 20 TiAl
2.4952
SB
+ 700 °C3)
2) Not Not for for sc scre rews ws or bo bolt lts s 3) For nuts the upper limit of temperature in continuous operation may be 50°C higher. higher. 4) For nuts of steel steel 24 CrMo5 there is no indication indication in DIN 17240 17240 for use at even higher higher temperature. temperature. But, based on the strength of section the material and onJuly practical practical thare is temperature lim it may be2. exceeded according to DIN 17240 1.1 (edition 1976).experience, Indicationsthis given in DINlimit 2507, part 5) Not mention mentioned ed in DIN 17240 17240 (aero-spa (aero-space ce material material number number 1.4944) 1.4944).. 6) Symb Symbol ol VH for steel steel X 22 CrMoV 12 1 with with highe higherr strength strength (yiel (yield d stress stress R 70 700 0 N/ N/mm mm2) than p 02 according DIN 17 240.
Suitable mating materials for bolts and nuts Materials Bolt
Nut
Ck 35 Cq 35
C 35 N, Ck 35, Cq 35
24 CrMo 5
Ck 35, Cq 35, 24 CrMo 5
21 CrMoV 5 7
24 CrMo 5 21 CrMoV 5 7
40 CrMoV 4 7
21 CrMoV 5 7
X 22 CrMoV 12 1 X 19 CrMoVNbN 11 1
X 22 CrMoV 12 1
X 8 CrNiMoBNb 16 16
X 8 CrNiMoBNb 16 16
X 5 NiCrTi 26 15 NiCr20TiAl
X 5 NiCrTi 26 15 NiCr20TiAl
N o t e: If in bolted joints fasteners of these materials together with with extension sleeves are used, sleeves of the same material as the bolts are recommended. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 25
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Stainless steel Designation system
Steel group
Steel grade
Austenitic
Martensitic
A1 A22) A31) A42) A51)
C1
Ferritic
C4 (C3*)
C5
F1
Property class screws, nuts type 1 low nuts
50 025
70 035
80 040
50 025
set screws, pins tapping screws
12H 20H
21H 25H
30H
20H soft
soft
coldhighworked ssttrength
70 035
110 055
50 025
70 035
30H
25H
40H
hardened and tempered
soft
80 040
hardened hardened and and tempered tempered
45 020
60 030
20H
25H
soft
coldworked
1)Stabilized by titanium, niobium or tantalum to reduce risk of inter-granular corrosion 2) Low carbon stainless steels with carbon content content not exceeding 0,03% may additionally be marked with an L. Example: Example: A4L - 80 *) For tapping tapping screws screws grade C3 is used.
Ferritic steel group These corrosion resistant, magnetic steels can not normally be hardened. Even if possible in certain cases, hardening should not be done. F1:: Ste F1 Steel ty typ pe, e.g. g.:: 1.4016 1.4113 Steels normally used for simpler equipment with the exception of the superferrites which have extreme low contents of C and N. The steels within grade F1 could successfully replace steels of grades A2 and A3 and be used at higher chloride contents.
Ferritic-austenitic steel group
“Duplex” steels which combine the advantages of A4 and F1 grade. FA: Steels with better properties than steels of grade A4 and A5, especially as far as strength is concerned. They are also superior to resist pitting and crack corrosion. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 26
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Austenitic steel group Chromium-nickel steels which are made resistant to corrosion by the self-generated chromium oxide. If the chromium oxide film is damaged, it will restore itself as long as there is oxygen in the enviroment. However, if access of oxygen is hampered by unfavorable designs or contamination, corrosion will occur. All austenitic stainless steelmay fasteners are normally non-magnetic; after cold some magnetic properties be evident particularly for A2. When there is working a risk of inter-granular corrosion, steel grades A3 and A5 (=stabilized steels) or A2L and A4L (=low carbon steel) are recommended.
Common stainless grades are: A2-70 / A4-80 for bolts, screws, studs and nuts A1-50 for machined pins, slotted set screws, specials A1: Steel type, e.g.: 1.4305 1.4300 Chromium-nickel-steels specially designed for machining. Due to the elevated content of sulphur, the steels within this grade have lower resistance to corrosion than corresponding steels with normal content of sulphur. Weldability is possible but not good. A2: Steel type, e.g.: 1.4301 1.4303 1.4306** (= A2L) 1.431 1.4311 1 (= A2L) steel). They are suitable for Chromium-nickel steels most frequently used (stainless steel). kitchen equipments and apparatus for the chemical industry. Steels within this grade are not suitable for use in non-oxidizing acid and agents with chloride content, i. e. swimming pools and sea water. Good weldability. A3: Steel type, e.g.: 1.4541 1.4550 Stabilized “stainless steels” with properties similar to A2. A4: Steel type, e.g.: 1.4401 1.4435** (= A4L) 1.4436 1.4406** (= A4L) 1.4429** (= A4L) Acid proof steel. steel. Chromium-nickel steels which are molybdenum alloyed and give a considerably better resistance to corrosion than A1, A2 and A3. A4 is used to a great extent by the cellulose industry as this steel grade is developed for boiling sulfuric acid (thus given the name “acid proof”) and is to a certain extent also suitable in an environment with chloride content. A4 is also frequently used by the food processing industry and by the marine industry. Good weldability. A5: Steel type, e.g.: 1.4571 1.4580 Stabilized “acid proof steels” with properties similar to A4. Other types: Steel type e.g.: 1.4439 1.4539 1.4529 1.4565 1.4426 Austenitic stainless steels with particular resistance to chloride induced stress corrosion. The risk of failure of bolts, screws and studs due to chloride induced stress corrosion (for example in indoor swimming pools) can be reduced by using these types of steels. ** = Excellent resistance resistance to inter-granular inter-granular corrosion corrosion
Martensitic steel group Steels with somewhat limited resistance to corrosion, but which can be heat treated to excellent strength. Magnetic. C1: Steel 1.4006 pumps 1.4021 and 1.4028 Steelstype, usede.g.: in turbines, knives. C3: Steel type, e.g.: 1.4057 Resistance to corrosion better than C1. Used in pumps, valves and apparatus. C4: Steel type, e.g.: (1.4104 (1.4104 most commonly used) Steels intended for machining, otherwise they are similar to steels of grade C1. T 27
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Stainless steel grades Mechanical properties according DIN-ISO 3506 Steel group
Steel grade
Property class
Diameter range
s t u n w o l
Austenitic
A1 A 2, A 4 A 3, A 5
C1 Martensitic
C3 C 4
Ferritic
F 13)
504) 704) 804) 1004) 12 H 21 H
025 035 040
5044) 504 70 ) 1104) 804) 504) 70 454) 60
025
055 040 035 020 030
M 395) M 24 5) M 245) M 16 5) M 24 5) M 24 5)
Bolts
Tensile
Stress 0, 0,2% Elongation
strength
permanent strain
after fracture
Rm1) N/mm2 min. 500 700 800 1000
Rp 0,21) N/mm2 min. 210 450 600 750
AL2) mm min. 0,6 d 0,4 d 0,3 d 0,25 d
500 700 1100 800 500 700 450 600
250 410 820 640 250 410 250 410
0,2 d 0,2 d 0,2 d 0,2 d 0,2 d 0,2 d 0,2 d 0,2 d
Nuts
Bolts and nuts
Stress un under
Hardness
proof load Sp N/mm2 500 700 800 1000
500 700 1100 800 500 700 450 600
s t u n w o l
HV min. max.
250 350 400
250 350 550 400 350 200 300
125 210
200 –
155 220 350 240 155 220 135 180
220 330 440 340 220 330 220 285
1) The tensile stress is calculated on the thread stress area. 2) To be determined on the actual screw length and not on a prepared test piece. d = nominal diameter. 3) For grade F 1 diameter M 24 is maximum. 4) Not in the standard: A4 - 100 in production quantity upon request. 5) For fasteners with nominal thread diameters d 24 mm the mechanical properties shall be agreed upon between user and manufacturer. Note: M 22 and M 24 screws according old DIN standard have lower properties (approximately class 50).
Lower yield stress (ReL) and stress at 0,2% permanent strain (Rp 0,2) at elevated temperatures in % of the values at room temperature. Steel grade
+ 100 °C
+ 200 °C
+ 300 °C
+ 400 °C
A 2, A 4, A 3, A 5
851)
801)
751)
701)
C1
951)
901)
801)
651)
C3
901)
851)
801)
601)
1) This applies to property classes 70 and 80 only. only. For property class 50 see DIN 17440. Fasteners of grade A1, F1 and C4 are not to be used at elevated temperatures. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 28
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Coefficients of friction for the bearing area (bolt or nut) and the thread total Nut A2 or A4 type of joint Bolt: cold formed A2/A4 Bolt: cold rolled thread
plain
hard
soft
plain or slighly lubricated
MoS2 lubricated
0,20 (to 0,30)
0,10 (to 0,14)
0,30 (to 0,50)
0,16 (to 0,20)
Preload Fv and tightening torque Ma for screws and nuts with bearing surfaces according to ISO 4762/4014, 4017, resp. 4032/DIN 912, 931, 933 resp. 934
Thread diameter
Preload
tot. = 0,10 Tightening torque
Fv in N
M4 M5 M6 M8 M10*
A2-50 A4-50
A2-70 A4-70
A2-80 A4-80
MA in Nm A2-50 A4-50
1400 2260 3200 5900 9400
3000 4800 6800 12500 20000
4000 6500 9100 16800 26700
0,8 1,6 2,7 6,6 13
Preload
tot. = 0,20 ( thr = 0,25, hd = 0,16) Tightening torque
Fv in N A2-70 A4-70
A2-80 A4-80
A2-50 A4-50
A2-70 A4-70
A2-80 A4-80
1,7 3,4 5,8 14 28
2,3 4,5 7,8 19 36
1110 1790 2560 4720 7520
1700 2700 5500 10200 16800
3200 5100 7500 13500 13 21400 21
MA in Nm A2-50 A2-70 A4-50 A4-70 1,2 2,4 4,1 10 21
2,6 5,1 8,7 22 43
A2-80 A4-80 3,5 6,8 12 29 57
M12 M14* M16 M18 M20
13600 18700 25800 32200 41300
29200 40000 55200 69000 88600
M22** M24 M27 M30
51800 59700 78400 95500
109000 A) 128000 A) – –
M8 x1 M10 x1,25* M12 x1,25*
6400 10000 15300
13800 21500 32800
18400 28700 43700
M12 x1,5* M14 x1,5*
14400 20700
31000 44300
M16 x1,5 M18 x1,5 M20 x1,5 M22 x1 x1,5** M24 x 2
28000 37400 47300 58400 66600
M27 x 2 M30 x 2
86600 109000
38900 53400 73600 91800 118000 11
23 36 56 80 112
49 77 120 175 240
– – – –
150 195 285 400
315 A) 412 A) – –
– – – –
41500 88000 A) 48000 102000 A) 63100 – 76900 –
7,2 14 25
15 30 53
21 39 70
5150 8100 12300
41300 45900
24 39
51 84
68 113
11700 16600
60000 80200 80000 11007000 100000 1350000 122000 A) – A) 140000 –
60 90 125 165 210
126 190 265 351 A) 446 A)
170 255 350 – –
300 430
– –
– –
– –
65 103 160 230 320
– –
10900 15000 20500 26000 33200
23400 32100 44000 55600 71100
3311200 42800 58600 74100 94800
35 55 86 124 12 173 17
75 119 189 265 373
– – – –
238 297 443 605
495 A) 641 A) – –
11000 17300 26400
1144700 23000 35300
11 22 38
24 46 82
31 60 108
24910 35700
33200 47600
37 61
78 130
104 173
22700 48200 64300 30400 65200 86800 38300 82000 11009100 47200 100000 A) – A) 54000 11 115000 5000 –
91 1 41 14 200 265 330
195 303 421 556 A) 709 A)
259 400 562 – –
70000 88600
486 681
– –
– –
– –
99 157 249 351 497 – – – –
– –
*, **: refer to page T 21 A) Note: For M22 and M24 screws according old DIN standard use 45% lower torque values (preload also 45% lower )
Minimum breaking torques (MB min) for bolts and screws of stainless steel grades A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 Thread diameter
Minimum breaking torques in Nm class 50
class 70
class 80
M 1,6
0,15
0,2
0,24
M 2,0
0,30 0,3 0
0,4
0,48
M 2,5
0,60
0,9
0,96
M 3,0
1,10 1,1 0
1,6
1,80
M 4,0
2,70 2,7 0
3,8
4,30
M 5,0
5,50 5,5 0
7,8
8,80
M 6,0
9,30 9,3 0
13,0
15,00
M 8,0
23,00 23,0 0
32,0
37,00
M 10,0 10,0
46,00 46,0 0
65,0
74,00
M 12,0 12,0
80,00 80,0 0
110,0
130,00
M 16,0 16,0
210,00 210,0 0
290,0
330,00
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 29
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Stainless steel grades Chemical composition
Group
Grade
C
Si
Mn
A1
0,12
1,0
6,5
0,200
0,15–0,35
16–19
0,7
A2
0,1
1,0
2,0
0,0500 0,05
0,03
15–20
A3
0,08
1,0
2,0
0,045
0,03
A4
0,08
1,0
2,0
0,045
A5
0,08
1,0
2,0
C1
0,09–0,15
1,0
C3
0,17–0,25
C4 F1
Austenitic
Martensitic
Ferritic AusteniticFerritic
Chemical composition, mass content % 1) P S Cr Mo7) Ni
FA14)
Cu
Notes
5–10
1,75–2,25
–
8–19
4
2) 8) 13) 6) 9) 12)
17–19
–
9–12
1
0,03
16–18,5
2–3
10–15
1
0,045
0,03
16–18,5
2–3
10,5–14
1
1,0
0,0500 0,05
0,03
11,5–14
–
1
–
1,0
1,0
0,0400 0,04
0,03
16–18
–
1,5–2,5
–
0,08–0,15
1,0
1,5
0,060
0,15–0,35
12–14
0,6
1
–
0,12
1,0
1,0
0,0400 0,04
0,03
15–18
–
1
–
2) 5) 6) 10) 11)
0,03
1,7
1,5
–
–
18–19
2–2,7
4,5–5
–
N = 0,07
0,03
1,0
2,0
–
–
21–23
2,5–3
5–5,5
–
N = 0,14
3) 4) 8) 5) 12) 3) 4) 5) 5)
01) Values are maximum unless otherwise indicated. 02) Sulphur may be replaced by selenium. 03) Must contain titanium 5 x C up to 0,8% maximum for stabilization, or4). 04) Must contain niobium (columbium) and/or tantalum 10 x C up to 1% maximum for stabilization, or 3). 05) At the option of the manufacturer the carbon content may be higher where required to obtain the specified mechanical properties at larger diameters, but shall not exceed 0,12% for austenitic steels. 06) Molybdenum may also be present at the option of the manufacturer. 07) If for some applications a maximum molybdenum content is essential, this must be stated. 08) If the nickel content is below 8%, the minimum manganese content must be 5%. 09) If the chromium content is below 17%, the minimum nickel content should be 12%. 10) May contain titanium 5 x C up to 0,8% maximum. 11) May contain niobium (columbium) and/or tantalum 10 x C up to 1,0% maximum. 12) For austenitic stainless steels having a maximum carbon content of 0,03%, nitrogen may be present to a maximum of 0,22%. 13) There is no minimum limit to the copper content providing that the nickel content is greater than 8%. 14) For information only, will most probably be included in the future.
Corrosion resistance Resistance group
Loss of material g/m2 h
Loss of material in mm per year
0
max. 0,1
max. 0,11
1
> 0,1–1,0
> 0,11–1,1
2
> 1,0–10,0
> 1,1–11,0
3
> 10,0
> 11,0
X
Risk of pitting even in resistance group 0
Comments completely resistant sufficiently resistant less resistant not resistant
The data listed are based on laboratory tests. If parts are intended for a critical application, they should be tested in a practice oriented experiment (consult an expert if necessary). If there is a risk of inter-granular corrosion (mainly in chlorine bearing environments) use titanium or niobium stabilized steels (grade A3 or A5) or low carbon stainless steels (grade A2L or A4L). For details see ISO 3506 or consult an expert. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 30
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P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Table of Resistance Material Nr. Corrosive Agent
Concentration
Acetic acid
10 % CH3 COOH
50 %
Acetic acid
100 %
Acetic acid
10 % & 50 %
Acetic anhydride Acetone
+ hydrogen peroxide CH3 COOH + H2O2 (CH3 CO)2 O CH3 COCH3
Acetyl Chloride CH3 COCI Acetylic acid HOOC.C6H4.OCOCH3 Acid-salt mixtures: H NO3 fuming + 10 % potassium nitrate H NO3 fuming + 10% aluminium nitrate 10 % H2 SO4 + 10 % copper sulphate 10 % H2 SO4 + 2 % ferric-lll-sulphate Aluminium Al Aluminium acetate (CH3 COO)3 Aluminium ammonium sulphate Al (NH4) (SO4)2, 12H2O Aluminium chloride Al CI3, 6H2O Aluminium nitrate Aluminium sulphate
Al (No3)3, 9H2O Al2 (SO4)3, 18H2O
all concentrated -
NH3
x
molten saturated saturated 5% 25 % 10 % saturated
Ammonia
L
-
x x
Temperature
C 4021 4104
C+F 4016 4510 4057
20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
2 2 3 1
0 2 1 2 0
A2 4301 4306 4541 430 305 5 4540 0 0 0 1 0
A4 div. 4401 4449° 4404 4577^ 4436 4506+ 457 571 1 453 4539 9* 4435 0 0 0 0 0
boiling 20°C 50°C 90°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling boiling 20°C boiling
3 1 2 3 0 2 1 2 2 0 -
2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 -
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
boiling boiling boiling 750°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 50°C 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling -
2 3 3 0 2 3 2 3 0
1 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 0
1 0 2 3 0 0 0 3 2 3 0 0 1 1 2 0
1 0 1 3 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0
0°
0+° 0+ 2+
0+
Ammonium bifluoride Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium chloride
NH4 HF2 NH HCO 4 3 (sal-ammoniac) NH4 CI
with copper and zinc chlorides Ammonium hydroxide = liquid ammonia NH4 OH Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2 CO3, H2O Ammonium hexachlorostannate (IV) = pink salt (NH4)2 [SnCl6] Ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3, 9H2O Ammonium oxalate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium sulphate
(NH4)2 C2O4, H2O NH4, CIO4 (NH4)2 SO4 sulphuric acid
Ammonium sulphite Aniline Aniline hydrochloride Antimony Sb Antimony chloride Aqua regia Arsenic acid Atmosphere Barium chloride
(NH4)2, SO3, H2O C6H5NH2 C6H5NH2HCI Sb Cl3 H Cl + H N O3 H3 A5 O4, 1 / 2 H2O Ba Cl2 Ba Cl2, 2 H 2O
cold saturated 10 % 25 % 50 % saturated saturated cold saturated any
x
saturated saturated cold saturated
x
saturated saturated 10 %
x
saturated saturated +5% saturated saturated 5% molten -
x
x
saturated solution
x
20 C 20°C boiling boiling boiling 20°C boiling boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 60°C 20°C boiling
3 0 1 1 3 0
3 0 0 1 0 3 0
0 0 0 1 2 0 2 3 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 0
0 0 2 3 0 1
0 0 2 3 0 0
0 0 1 3 0 0
0 0 0 3 0 0
20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 100°C 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 650°C 20°C 20°C -
1 2 2 1 2 3 2 0 3 3 3 3 0
1 2 0 2 1 2 3 0 2 0 3 3 3 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0
fused mass 20°C boiling
1 3 1 2
1 3 0 2
0 3 0 1
0 3 0 0
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 31
1+ 1+
0+^
3°
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Corrisive Agent
Concentration
Barium hydroxide
saturated saturated any -
Barium nitrate Beer Benzine (Gasoline) Benzoic acid Blood Boric acid Brandy Brine
Ba (OH)2 Ba (NO3)2
C6 H6
L
all
C6 H5 COOH
concen - trated
H3 BO3
all concentrated -
x
Temperature
C
C+F
A2
A4
20°C boiling boiling 20°C 70°C 20°C or. boiling 20°C
0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b2o0il° in Cg 20°C boiling 20 °C boiling 20°C boiling
-1 -
00 1 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
div.
0°
Bromine Br Bromine water
Buttermilk Butyric acid Cadmium Cd Calcium sulphate Calcium sulphite Camphor Carbon dioxide Carbon disulphide Carbon tetrachloride
C3 H7 COOH Ca SO4 Ca SO3 C10 H16 O = carbonic acid C O2 C S2 C Cl4 = tetrachloromethane
Carbonate of ammonia NH4 HCO3 + NH4 CO2 NH2 Carnallite KCl, MgCl2, 6 H2O Cheese Chlorbenzene Chloric acid Chloride of lime bleaching solution Chlorine gas Cl
-
x
0,03 % 0,3 % 1,0 % 100 %
x x x
saturated cold saturated dry humid water-free cold saturated cold saturated
x
dry
C5 H5 Cl HCIO3 Ca (C (CIO IO))2, CaO, 2H2O gas in dry state
dry humid 2,5g Cl/l -
x x
in humid state Chloroform Chlorosulphonate acid Chlorine water Chocolate Chrimic acid
x water-free
CH Cl3 HSO3 Cl water saturated with Cl
CrO2
Chrome sulphate Cr2 (SO4)3, 18 H2O Cider Citric acid HO C (CH2 COOH)2 COOH, H2O
10 % concentated 10 % pure SO3-free 50 % pure SO3-free 50 % comm. with SO3 hot saturated 1% 10 % 25 %
50 % 5 %, 3 a t -
Coal tar, pure Coffee
-
Copper-ll-acetate Copper-ll-chloride
T 32
(CH3 COO)2 Cu, H2O Cu Cl2, 2 H 2O
cold saturated
x x x
x
20 C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C
3 3 1
3 3 0
3 3 0 1 3 0
3 3 0 1 3 0
20°C
-
0
0
0
boiling molten 20°C 20°C 20°C hot hot 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 -
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 -
1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C 100°C 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling
2 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 2 3
1 2 3 3 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 1 1 2 1 3
0 0 3 0 1 1 0 3 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 2 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 3 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cg b2o0il° in 140°C 20°C and hot 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
2 3 2 0
1 3 1 0
0 2 1 0
0 1 0 0
3
0 0 3
0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 3
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
0° 0°
1° 0°
0°
0+ 0+ 2+ -
0+
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Corrosive Agent
Copper carbonate Copper-ll-cyanide Copper-ll-nitrate
Concentration
2 CuCO3, Cu (OH)2 Cu (CN)2 Cu (NO3)2, 3 H 2O
Copper-ll-sulphate
Creosote Cresol Crude oil Curing solution Dichloroethane Dichloroethylene Diethyl ether Disulphur dichloride Drainage water Drainage water Dye bath
Cu SO4, 5 H 2O = blue vitriol + 3 % H2 SO4
CH3 C6 H4 OH CH2 Cl . CH2Cl CHCl : CHCl (C2 H5)2 .0 S2 Cl2 = acidic water alkaline or neutral organic acid
weak sulphuric acid or organic + sulphuric acid (H SO below 1%) strong sulphuri2c ac4 id or organic + sulphuric acid (H2SO4 above 1 %) Ethyl alcohol C2 H5 OH (alcohol) Ethyl chloride C2 H5 Cl Ethyl glycol CH2OH-CH2OH Fatty acid = oleic acid C17 H33 COOH Fatty acid Ferric-lll-chloride Ferric-lll-nitrate Ferro-gallic ink Ferrous-ll-sulphate Ferric-lll-sulphate Fluorosilicic acid (= sand acid) Formaldehyde Formic acid
+ traces H2 SO4 Fe Cl3 Fe (NO3)3, 9 H 2O Fe (SO4), 7 H2O Fe2 (SO4)3 H2 Si F 6 HC HO H.COOH
L
hot saturated 50 % all concentrated
x water-free water-free acidic -
all concentrated water-free commercial grade 30 at
30 % 50 % all concentrated 10 % 10 % vapours 40 % 10 %
50 %
x x x
Temperature
C 4021
C+F 4016
A2 A4 4301 4401
4104
4510 4057
4306 4404 4577^ 4541 4436 4506+ 430 305 5 457 571 1 4540 4435 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20°C boiling 20° C boiling 20°C and boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling boiling 20°C 150°C 180°C 235°C 300°C hot 20°C 50°C 20°C
0 3 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0
0 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 3 3 3 3 0
0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 3 3 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0
20°C 20°C boiling 100°C 20°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C
1 0 1 3 2 3 3 2
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 3 2
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
div. 4449°
4539* 45
0+°
0+^
0°
0+
80 % 100 % Fruit juices and fruit acids Fruit pulp fuming
containing SO2 ( 11 11 % free SO3)
fuming
( 60 % free free S SO O3)
Gallic acid
C6 H2 (OH)3 COOH (also acidic)
Glue Glycerine
C3 H5 (OH)3
Humid Hydrazine sulphate
(NH ) H SO 22 2 4
hot saturated concentrated 10 %
70°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
3 3 2 3 1
2 3 2 3 1
2 3 0 2 0
1 1 0 1 0
boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 100°C 20°C 80°C 20°C boiling boiling 20°C boiling boiling
3 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 -
3 1 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 -
2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 33
1+ 1+ 0+
1+
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Corrosive Agent Hydrochloric acid
H Cl
Hydrocyanic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrogen chloride
HCN H2F2 H Cl
Hydrogen fluoride
HF
Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulphide
H2 O2
Hydroxylamine sulphate Iodine
dry H2 S (NH2 OH)2 H2 SO4
Iodine, tincture of Iodoform Iron phosphate Lactic acid
CHJ3 (by the bonderizing process) CH3 CHOH COOH
Concentration 0,5% 40 % -
L x
x x x x
gaseous form dry <4
10 % dry humid vapours 1,5 % 10 % 80 %
x x
Temperature 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C 50°C 100°C 400°C 100°C
C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
C+F 2 3 0 3 2 2 3 3 3
A2 1 3 0 3 1 1 2 3 1
A4 1 3 0 3 1 1 1 3 1
20°C 20°C 100°C <400°C 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C 60°C 98°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 3 1
0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
div. 0°+^*
0°
0+
concentrated Lead 3 Pb
molten
Lead acetate = sugar of lead Pb (CH3 COO)2, 3H2O Lead nitrate Pb (NO3)2 Lemon juice Linseed oil Liqueur Lysoform Lysol Magnesium carbonate Magnesium chloride Magnesium sulphate Maleic acid Malic acid
+ 3 % H2 H2 SO SO4 4
Mg CO3 Mg Cl2, 6 H 2O = Epsom salts Mg SO4, 7 H2O (CH CO OH)2
all concentrated 10 % 30 % concentrated
x
50 % to 50 %
(COOH)2 CH2 CH OH Manganese-ll-chloride Manganese-ll-sulphate Meat Melted fat Mercuric cyanide Mercury Hg
Mn Cl2, 4 H2O Mn SO4, 7 H2O Hg (CN)2
Mercury-ll-acetate Hg (CH3 COO)2 Mercury-ll-chloride Hg Cl2 (sublimate) Mercury-ll-chloride
cold saturated hot saturated 0,1 %
Mercury-ll-nitrate (Hg NO3)2, 2 H 2O Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Methylene chloride Milk
10 % 50 %
C H3 O H CH3 Cl CH2 Cl2
x
0,7 % boiling all concentrated water-free water-free fresh sour
3
boling 20°C boiling 400°C 600°C 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C
3 1 3 1 1 0
2 1 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
200°C boiling boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 100°C 20°C 50°C 100°C boiling boiling
0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20°C 20°C 20°C 50°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 3 boiling 20°C 65°C boiling boiling to 70°C to 70°C
0 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1° 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 34
0+ 0+
0°
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Corrosive Agent
Concentration
L
Temperature
C 4021 4104
C+F 4016 4510
A2 A4 4301 4401 4306 4404
div. 4449° 4577^
4057
4541 4436
4506+
430 43 05 45 457 71 Mixed acid (nitrating acids)
Monochloroacetic acid Mustard Nickel chloride Nickel nitrate Nickel sulphate Nitric acid
CH2 Cl COO H Ni Cl2, 6 H 2O Ni (NO3)2, 6 H 2O Ni SO4, 7 H 2O H NO3 NO3
50 % H2SO4 + 50 % HNO3 75 % H2SO4 + 25 % HNO3 20 % H2SO4 + 15 % HNO3 70 % H2SO4 + 10 % HNO3 30 % H2SO4 +5% HNO3 15 % H2SO4 +5% HNO3 2 % H2SO4 +1% HNO3 50 % -
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
50°C 90°C 168°C 90°C 110°C
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
0 1 3 0 1
0 0 3 0 0
134°C
3
3
1
1
boiling
3
3
2
0
20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C
3 2 0 -
3 0 -
3 0 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 0
0
0
0
0
b2o0il° in Cg boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 20°C
1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 2 3 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 0
-
75°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C and boiling 20°C boiling boiling boiling 20° molten mass 95°C
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 0
-
20°C
0
0
0
0
-
20°C and boiling 20°C -
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
7% 10 % 25 % 37 % 50 % 66 %
Nitrous acid Nitrous acid 60° Nitrous vitreol content 4 - 5 % Novocaine Oil Oil
H NO2
(lubricating oil) (vegetable)
Oxalic acid
Paraffin P3-washing powder Paris Green 3 CU (As O2)3, CU (CH3 COO)2 Persil Petrol Petrol ether
99 % (Hoko) concentrated 5%
(COOH)2, 2 H 2O
4540 4435 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 3 3 0 0 1 0
50°C 90°C 120°C 50 % 90°C 157°C 50°C 80°C
10 % 25% 50% -
all concentrated -
x x x
4539* 45
1+
1+^ 1+^ 1+^
Petroleum
-
Phenol = carbolic acid C6 H5 OH
pure + 10 % H2O crude 90 % Ph
20°C boiling boiling boiling boiling
0 0 2 3 3
0 0 1 1 3
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 35
0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Corrosive Agent Phosphoric acid (pure)
Concentration 1% H3 PO4
L
10 % 45 % 60 % 70 % 80 % concentrated
Phosphorous pentoxide
P2 O5
Photographic developer Photographic fixer Picric acid C6 H2 (NO2)3 OH Potassium acetate CH3 COO K Potassium aluminium sulphate = alum KAL (SO4)2, 12 H2O Potassium bichromate Potassium bifluoride Potassium bisulphate
K2 Cr2 O7 KHF2
Potassium chloride Potassium chloride
cold saturated 2% 5% 15 % -
Potassium bisulphite
Potassium bromide Potassium chlorate Potassium carbonate
x
25 %
KHSO 4
Potassium bitartrate
dry or humid all concentrated 10 % hot saturated
Ca H2 (SO3)2 = sulphite lye = tartar K H C 4 H4 O6 KBr K Cl O3 K2 CO3 = potash Ca Cl2, 6 H 2O
20 at hot saturated hot saturated -
x
cold saturated
x
-
x
Temperature 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling
C 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
C+F 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
A2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 3 1 3
A4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 3
20°C
-
-
1
0
20°C 20°C 20°C molten 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C 90°C 20°C 90°C 90°C 20°C boiling 200°C cold boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
1 3 1 2 2 3 0 3 3 2 3 3 0 1 1
0 3 0 0 2 2 3 0 2 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 3 1 3 3 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
div.
1+0* 1+0* 1+0* 1+*
1+
0+ 0+^ 1+
0+
0°
Potassium chrome alum Potassium cyanate Potassium cyanide Potassium cyanoferrate (lll) Potassium cyanoferrate (ll) Potassium hypochlorite Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide
= chrome aKluC ml KCr (SO4)2, 12 H2O KOCN KCN K3 [Fe (CN)6] K4 [Fe (CN)6], 3 H2O Ca (OCI)2, 4 H 2O
Ca (OH)2 = slaked lime
hot sat-urated 5% hot saturated cold saturated 20 %
= caustic potash 50 % KOH Potassium hypochlorite
hot saturated fused mass -
x
-
x
K Cl O Potassium iodide KJ Potassium nitrate
25 % = Kalisalpeter K NO3
Potassium oxalate Potassium permanganate Potassium sulphate
K2 C2 O4, H2O KMnO4
50 % molten mass all concentrated all concentrated -
K2 SO4
b2o0il° in Cg boiling 20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C and boiling to 40°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C
3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
boiling boiling 360°C 20°C 150°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 550°C 20°C boiling 20°C
2 2 3 2
1 1 3 1
0 0 3 2 2 0
0 0 3 1 1 0
0 0 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
boiling 20°C and boiling
3 -
1 0
0 0
0 0
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 36
00+ 1+
0°
0° 0°
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Corrosive Agent
Pyrogallic acid Quinine sulphate Salicyclic acid Sauerkraut pickle Silver bromide Silver chloride Silver nitrate Spinning bath (viscous bath) Soap
Concentration
= pyrogallol C6 H3 (OH)3 HO C6 H4 COOH Ag Br Ag Cl Ag No3 H2 SO4 H2 SO4
L
Temperature
C
C+F
A2
4021 4104
4016 4510 4057
4301 4306 4541 4305
all concentrated
20°C
-
0
10 % fused mass up to 10 % ovet 10 % -
20°C 20°C 20°C boiling 250°C 70°C 70°C 20°C
0 0 3 3 3 0
0 0 0 3 0 2 3 3 0
x x x
A4
div.
4401 44 4449° 4404 4577^ 4436 4506+ 4571 4539*
4540 4435 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 2 3 0
0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 3 0
0+^ 1+^
Sodium acetate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bisulphate Sodium bisulphite Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate
CH3 COO Na, 3 H2O Na H CO3 Na H SO4, H2O Na H SO3 Na Br Na2 CO3, 10 H2O
Sodium chlorate Sodium chloride
Na Cl O3 Na Cl = table salt
Sodium chlorite Sodium fluoride Sodium hydrogenphosphate Sodium hydroxide
Na Cl O2 Na F Na2 HPO4, 12 H2O = caustic soda
Sodium hypochlorite
Na O H Na Cl O = bleach
Sodium nitrate
stabilized by 10% sodium silicate Sodium phosphate sec. Na2 PO4, 12 H2O Sodium phosphate tert. Na3 PO4, 12 H2O Sodium salicylate HO C6 H4 COO Na Sodium silicate Na2 SiO3 Sodium sulphate = Glauber salt Na2 SO4, 10 H2O Sodium sulphide Na2 S, 9 H2O Sodium sulphite Na2 SO3, 7 H 2O Sodium tetraborate
Soft soap Stearic acid Sugar solution
0 0 0 0 3 -
0 0 0 0 3 -
0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
0°
1 2 3 -
0 0 2 0
0 1 1 2 3 0
0 0 1 2 2 0 0
0° 1° 2°
5% -
boiling 20°C boiling boiling 80°C boiling boiling 900°C 20°C and boiling 20°C 100°C 100°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling
25 %
20°C
0
0
0
0
50 % fused mass 5 %
b oiilliin bo ng g 320°C 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 360°C boiling 20°C and boiling
2 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 -
2 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 -
1 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
20°C boiling 20°C
2 2
0 2 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
boiling to 80°C 20°C and boiling 20°C and boiling 20°C 20°C and boiling 20°C boiling boiling 100°C boiling 20°C
3 3 0
2 2 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 2 0
0 0 2 2 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
boiling
0 3 0 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cold saturated
x x
x x
hot saturated 5%
x
-
Na NO3 = sodium salpeter Sodium nitrite Na NO2 Sodium p-toluensulphonchloramine = chloramine-T CH3 C6 H4 SO2 NCINa, 3 H2O Sodium perborate Na BO3, 4 H 2O Sodium perchlorate Na Cl O4, 4 H 2O Sodium peroxyd Na2 O2
Sodium thiosulphate
saturated jede 10 % 50 % 20 % 10 % cold saturated fused mass 30 %
= borax Na2 B4 O7, 10 H2O Na2 S2 O3, 5 H 2O
C17 H35 COOH
fused mass hot saturated -
cold saturated 10 % 10 % 10 % cold saturated 25 % sat. soln. 50 % saturated molten 25 % -
20°C boiling 20°C 20°C 130°C 20°C boiling
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 37
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
0 1+ + 3+ 0° 1°
1+
All rights reserved
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Corrosive Agent Sulphur dry
Concentration molten simmering
Sulphur wet Sulphuric acid
Temperature 130°C 445°C
C 0 3
C+F 0 3
A2 0 2
A4 0 2
20°C 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C boiling 20°C 70°C 150°C boiling 20°C 135°C 160°C 180° -200°C up to100°C >100°C >300°C 900°C 20°C
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -
1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 -
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 0 2 2 3 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 3 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 1 2 3 0 2 2 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0
5%
20°C boiling
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
10 %
20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 20°C boiling 300°C 400°C
0 1 0 1 1 2 2 3 2 3
0 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1
1% H2 SO4
2,5 %
5%
7,5 %
10 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
98 % concentrated
Sulphurous acid H2 S O 3
Sulphurous Gas
SO2 humid, free of SO3
Superphosphate Ca (H2 PO4)2 + Ca So4 + 3 % H2 SO4 Tannic acid
saturated 4at 4a 5 - 8 at 10 - 20 at
-
= tannin
50 % Tartaric acid
10 % COOH (CHOH)2 COOH
Thioglycollic acid Tin
50 % -
HS CH2 COOH Sn
molten
L
div.
0+*
0+* 0+* 1+ 0* 1+ 0+ 1+0* 1+ 0+ 1+0* 1+ 0+ 1+0* 2+ 0+ 1+0* 0+* 1+* 0 1+*
0+ 1+
0+ 0+
1+ 0+ 0+
Tin-lV-chloride
Sn Cl4
Tin-ll-chloride
Sn Cl2, 2 H 2O
Toluene Trichloroethylene Trichloroacetic acid Turpentine, oil of Urea Urine Varnish Vaseline
hot saturated
CO (NH2)2
Vegetables
x
-
C6 H5 CH3 C2 H Cl 3 C Cl3 - COOH
= copal varnish
x
water free -
x
-
x
-
600°C 20°C boiling
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 2 3
50°C boiling 20°C and boiling boiling 20°C 20°C and hot 20°C 20°C boiling 20°C hot boiling
3 3 0
2 3 0
1 3 0
0 3 0
0 0
0 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 38
0
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Corrosive Agent
Concentration
Vinegar
L
= wine vinegar
Washing powder Waste water Waste water
(acid-free) (with traces of sulphuric acid)
Water Waterglass (sodium silicate) Water vapour Water vapour with SO2 Water vapour with CO2 Wine
tap water
-
(red wine, white wine)
Xylol C6 H4 (CH3)2
Zink Zn Zink chloride
molten -
Zn Cl2 Zink cyanide da dampened with water Zink sulphate
Alcohol Alum
Zn (CN)2 Zn SO4, 7 H 2O
cold saturated hot saturated
= m me ethyl and ethyl alcohol = potassium aluminium sulphate
x
Temperature
C 4021 4104
C+F 4016 4510
A2 A4 div. 4301 4401 4449° 4306 4404 4577^
4057
4541 4436 4506+ 430 305 5 457 571 1 453 4539 9* 4540 4435 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20°C boiling to 40°C to 40°C
0 2 1 2
0 1 0 0 2
20°C 20°C boiling 400°C 20°C hot 20°C boiling 500°C 20°C 45°C boiling 20°C
0 0 0 0 2 2 0
0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 3 1
3 1 3 1
3 0 2 3 0
3 0 1 2 0
20°C boiling boiling
2
2
0 0 0
0 0 0
Slaked lime Soda
= calcium hydroxide = sodium carbonate
1° 1°
Ammonium alum Antichlor Aspirin Bleach Bleach Bleaching solution Bonderizing solution Borax Carbolic acid Caustic potash Caustic soda Chloramine- T Chloride of lime Chloroacetic acid Chrome alum Cynide of potash Developer Epsom salts Ethylene di dichloride Fixer Glacial acetic acid Glauber salt Hydrochloric acid
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
g Inadsufsotrrim al air Ink Liquid ammonia Lubricating oil Methyl aldehyde Nitrating acids Oleic acid Pink salt Potash Precipitating bath Prussic acid Prussiate of of po potash
= = = = = = = = = = = = =
Pulp
h droosgpehnercehloride gas ay tm ferro-gallic ink Ammonium hydroxyde o il oi formaldehyde mixed acid Fatty acid Fa ammonium hexachlorostannate (IV) p otassium carbonate po spinning bath hydrocyanic acid potassium cy cyanoferrate (l (lll) (r (red) potassium cyanoferrate (ll) (yellow) = fruit pulp
Quicklime Red Re d pru prus ssi sia ate of po pota tas sh Refrigerating brine Sal-ammoniac Saltpeter Sea-water Silver bromide
= = = = = = =
T 39
aluminium ammonium sulphate sodium thiosulphate so acetylic acid sodium hypochloride so sodium hypochlorite and / chlorite chloride of lime iron phosphate sodium tetraborate phenol potassium hydroxide sodium hydroxide so sodium p-toluensulphonchloramine calcium chloride mono- and trichloroacetic acid potassium chrome alum potassium cyanide photographic developer magnesium sulphate Dichloroethane photographic fixing agent acetic acid sodium sulphate
calcium hydroxide pot ota assi sium um fe ferr rroc ocya yan nid ide e (ll (lll) l) calcium chloride Ammonium chloride potassium nitrate / sodium nitrate salt-water sa Silver bromide
Spirits of wine Sugar of lead Steam Sublimate Sulphite lye Sulphur (II) chloride Sulphur dioxide Tannic Tartar Tetrachloromethane Trisodium Wine vinegar Yellow prussiate of potash
= = = = = = = = = = = = =
ethyl alcohol lead acetate water vapour mercury-II-chloride calcium bisulphite sulphur dichloride su sulphurous acid (gas) su tannic acid potassium bitartrate carbon tetrachloride sodium phosphate tert. vinega vi potassium ferrocyanide (II)
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261 Owings Mills, MD 21117 211 17 USA (410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Consult the steel manufacturer for particular applications!
Is especially resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids in the unaerated condition. It is 2.4360 successfully utilized in the production of salt. The alloy has good resistance to cavitation and erosion 2.4375 in sea water and brackish water at high flow rates. The alloy is highly corrosion resistant to chlorinated solvents, glass etchants, sulphuric and other acids and almost all alkalis. It is not susceptible susceptibl e to stress-corrosion stress-corr osion cracking. crackin g. It can be used in oxidizi oxidizing ng atmospheres up to 550°C and a little higher in reducing atmospheres. atmospheres. Usable for formed and forged fasteners.
400 K-500
Alloy used where strength/weight ratio is of prime importance (43 percent lighter than stainless
B-2 2.4617
Especially useful for equipment handling hydrogen chloride gas, aluminium chloride catalysts, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, (in the absence of oxidizing contaminants), acetic and phosphoric acids. The alloy all oy can be used in oxizing oxizi ng atmospheres up to 530°C 530°C and in reducing atmospheres or under vacuum vacuu m at temperatures above 815°C. 815°C. It is resistant to grain-boundary grain-bou ndary carbide formation and therefore does not normally require a post-weld heat-treatment. Not recommend for use in strongly oxidizing environments, mineral acids or copper-chloride; see
99,8% 99,7% 99,6% 99,5%
3.7025 steel). Good fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance in chemical processing equipment, 3.7035 especially in oxidizing environments. Sea water resistant. 3.7055 3.7065
Hastelloy C. The most versatile nickel-chromium-molybdenum nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy available today, today, with improved resistance to 2.4610 both uniform and localized corrosion as well as a variety of mixed industrial chemicals. Also exhibits 2.4602 superior weldability. weldability. Outstanding corrosion corrosion resistance in chemical processing equipment, especially especially 2.4819 in strongly oxidizing environments, hot contaminated mineral acids, solvents, chlorine and chlorinecontaminated media media (organic and inorganic), inorganic), dry hypochlorite (chlorine (chlorine dioxide), formic acid, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, sea water and salt solutions. Outstanding resistance in chemical processes containing Fe +++ and Cu++ chlorides. Even after exposure to temperatures in the range of 650 1040°C, 1040° C, the alloy retains high ductility duct ility and corrosion corros ion resistance. resistanc e. It is resistant to the precipitation precipi tation of grain boundary carbides and can thus be put into service without the need for a post-weld heat treatment. Some applications: cellophane manufacturing, nuclear fuel reprocessing, chlorine
C-4 C-22 C-276
spargers, pesticide production, circuit board etching equipment, complex acid mixtures, heat exchangers, electro galvanizing equipment, SO2 cooling towers, HF furnaces.
G-30
2.4603
75 90 105
2.4951 2.4969 2.4634
Finds application under both oxidizing and reducing conditions especially in hot phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, and as a material of construction for gas scrubbers in flue-gas desulphurization desulphurization units. Very good resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking. A high temperature alloy with good mechanical properties and oxidation resistance up to approximately approxima tely 1000° 1000°C. C.
Oxidation resistance res istance up to 1175°C combined with outstanding outs tanding general corrosion cor rosion resistance. resi stance. Retains Retain s high mechanical properties prope rties up to 700°C. High fatigue resistance resista nce and outstanding creep properties propertie s
6 60 20 5 718
2 2..4 48 81 56 6 2.4668
at high temperatures. Good mechanical mechanical properties also at low temperatures temperatures.. This alloy is also used in nuclear reactor components because of its resistance to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking. Weldable without post-weld heat-treatmen heat-treatment. t.
1.391 2
An alloy with controlled thermal expansion and an controlled average coefficient of expansion (e.g. less than 1,7 x 10-6/K or between 5,95 and 6,45 1,7 x 10-6/K) in the temperature range 20100°C.
36
42
1.391 7
K
1.391 8
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 40
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Material
Nominal thread diameter
Tensile strength
R m
mm Symbol
Designation
over
Stress at Perc rce entage permanent elongation set limit after fracture
R
A
N/mm2
p 0,2 N/mm2
5 %
min. 160
min. 14
to
–
39
min. 240
– 6 – 6 – 12 –
6 39 6 39 12 39 39
440 370 440 370 470 400 590
340 250 340 250 340 200 540
11 19 11 19 22 33 12
CuZn40MnPb
6
39
440
180
18
CU7
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
12
39
640
270
15
AL1
AIMg3
AL2
AIMg5
AL3
AISi1MgMn
AL4
AlCuMgSi
AL5
AIZnMgCu0,5
– 10 – 14 – 6 – 10 –
10 20 14 36 6 39 10 39 39
270 250 310 280 320 310 420 380 460
230 180 205 200 250 260 290 260 380
3 4 6 6 7 10 6 10 7
AL6
AIZn5,5MgCu
–
39
510
440
7
TI1 TI2
TI 99,8 TiAI6V4
– –
20 39
290 890
180 820
30 10
CU1
E-Cu57/Cu-ETP
CU2
CUZn37
CU3
CuZn39Pb3
CU4
CuSn6
CU5
CuNi1,5 Si
CU6
Brass = Ms 63 = Cu Zn 37 Aluminium = AI Mg 3 Kuprodur = Cu Ni 1,5 Si Brass = Ms 58 = Cu Zn 39 Pb3
Aluminium
= AI Mg Si 1
Ms 63 Ms 63 AI Mg 3 Cu N Nii 1,5 Si
0,14
0,29
0,50
0,79
1,20
2,2
3,9
9,0
17
0,10
0,20
0,36
0,57
0,85
1,6
2,8
7,0
13
2,30
4,7
8,0
19,5
38
copyright 1998, 2006 Maryland Metrics
T 42
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Mechanical properties (dry) Yield strength N/mm2 (MPa) Elongation % Bending stress max. Elasticity module N/mm2
Moisture absorption % Thermal properties (dry) Smelting temperature Heat resistance briefly, max. Heat resistance continuously
Dry 85 N/mm2 30–60% 130 –135 N/mm2 2600–2900 N/mm2
Humid 60 N/mm2 120 –280% – 1700–2000 N/mm2
3,4–3,8%
–
Dry 250 –255 °C 150-170 °C 80 –100 °C
Humid – –
Resistant against:
Not resistant against:
Acetone, Ammonia 10%, Brandy, Butter, Citric acid 10%, Diesel, Formaldehyde, Fruit juice, Gasoline, Glycerine 90%, hydrogen peroxide, Ink, Mercury, Mercury, Methanol, Milk acid 10%, Mineral oil, Petroleum, Potassium hydoxide 50%, Potassium nitrate 10%, Soap solution 1%, Sodium carbonate 10%, Sodium chloride (salt), Sodium hydroxide 10%, Vaseline, Vegetable oils, Wax, Wine
Acetic acid, Boric acid, Chlorine gas, Chlorine water, Chloroform, Chromium trioxide, Formic acid, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Ozone, Perchloric acid, Phenol, Phosporic acid, Sulphuric acid, Hot water
Tolerances for polyamid (nylon ®) fasteners correspond about to those of steel fasteners multiplied by 2. (as guideline only)
Screws Nuts
0,1 0,1
0,2 0,3
0,5 0,6
1,5 1,5
2,5 3,0
3 4
4 6
8 12
Following table helps to select the correct type of screws. However, making suitable tests is recommend in any case to determine the two most important parameters: core hole diameter and thread engagement. Inscription: very suitable limited suitable not suitable not
Soft thermoplasics as: CA, CAB, PUR, soft PVC, PTFE, PP, PE Hard thermoplastics as: PPO, PC, PMMA, PA, hard PVC, ABS, PS, SB, SAN, POM Duroplastics as: PF,, UF, PF UF, MF, MF, UP, UP, EP Suitable for reassembling:
T 43
Tapping screws
Tapping screws
Thread cutting screws
PT screws
PT screws
DIN standard
with cutting edge
DIN 7513 metr. thread
with cutting edge
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Tightening of fasteners see prescription page T 24 below Preload FV and tightening torque M a for screws and nuts with bearing surfaces according to ISO 4762, 4014, 4017 resp. 4032 / DIN 912, 931, 933 resp. 934 90% of the yield strength is utilized by preload and torque stress mges.
T hr ea d diameter
*
= 0,08
mges.
= 0,10
Pr el oa d
T i g h te n i n g t o r q u e
Preload
T i g h t e n i n g t o r u qe
FV [ N ]
M A [Nm]
FV [ N ]
M A [Nm]
8.8
1 0 .9
12.9
8.8
10 . 9
1 2 .9
8.8
10. 9
12. 9
8 .8
1 0. 0
12.9
M4 M5 M6
4 3 50 7 1 50 10 100
6 150 10 100 14 200
7 400 12 100 17 000
2,1 4,2 7,0
2, 9 6, 0 10
3,5 7,1 12
4 200 6 900 9 750
5 9 00 9 7 00 13 7 0 0
7 1 00 11 600 16 400
2 ,4 4 ,9 8 ,0
3 ,3 7 ,0 12
4, 0 8, 0 14
[M 87] M [M 9]
18 45 80 00 0 1 24 700
26 01 70 00 0 2 34 700
21 43 90 00 0 3 41 600
17 2 1 25
14 6 2 35
29 0 2 43
17 49 40 00 0 1 2 3 80 0
25 01 20 00 0 2 33 4 0 0
20 42 20 00 0 3 40 100
10 3 2 29
18 9 2 41
24 3 3 49
M 10 * M 12 * M 14 *
29 500 43 000 59 000
41 400 60 500 82 500
49 700 72 500 99 000
34 60 95
48 84 135
58 100 160
28 400 41 500 56 500
40 000 58 500 80 000
48 000 70 000 96 000
40 69 110 110
56 98 155
67 115 185
M 16 M 18 M 20
81 000 98 500 12 7 000
114 000 138 0 00 178 0 00
137 000 166 000 214 000
145 200 285
205 285 400
245 340 480
7 8 50 0 9 5 00 0 122 000
110 000 1 34 000 1 72 000
132 000 160 000 206 000
170 235 330
240 330 465
285 395 560
M 22 ** M 24 M 27
158 000 183 000 239 000
222 000 257 000 337 00 0
266 000 308 000 404 000
380 490 720
530 690 1 0 00
640 830 1 200
152 000 176 000 232 000
214 000 248 000 3 26 000
257 000 298 000 391 0 00
445 445 570 570 840
620 800 1 200
750 960 1 4 00
M 30 M 33 M 36
292 000 363 000 426 000
410 00 0 533 00 0 620 00 0
493 000 612 000 710 000
980 1 330 1 710
1 4 00 1 9 50 2 5 00
1 650 2 200 2 900
282 000 351 000 412 000
3 97 000 5 16 000 6 05 000
476 0 00 593 0 00 690 0 00
1 150 1 560 2 000
1 600 2 290 2 900
1 9 50 2 6 00 3 4 00
M 39 M 42
510 000 58 0 000
750 00 0 860 00 0
860 000 980 000
2 190 2 700
3 2 00 4 0 00
3 700 4 600
490 000 560 000
7 20 000 8 30 000
830 0 00 950 000
2 600 3 200
3 800 4 700
4 4 00 5 4 00
M 8x1 M 10 x 1,25 * M 12 x 1,25 *
20 200 31 600 48 200
28 400 44 400 68 000
34 100 53 300 81 500
18 36 64
26 51 91
31 61 110
19 500 30 500 46 600
27 000 42 900 65 500
33 000 51 500 78 500
22 42 76
30 59 105
36 71 130
M 12 x 1,5 * M 14 x 1,5 * M 16 x 1,5 1,5
45 400 65 000 88 000
64 000 91 500 124 000
76 500 110 000 148 000
62 100 150
87 140 215
105 170 255
43 900 63 000 85 000
62 000 88 500 120 000
74 000 106 000 144 000
72 120 120 180 180
100 165 250
120 200 300
M 18 x 1,5 M 20 x 1, 1,5 5 M 22 x 1,5 **
114 000 144 000 178 000
161 000 203 000 250 000
193 000 244 000 300 000
220 305 405
310 430 570
370 510 680
111 000 140 000 172 000
156 000 197 000 242 000
187 000 236 000 291 000
260 380 380 480 480
365 510 680
435 610 810
M 24 x 2 M 27 x 2 M 30 x 2
203 000 264 000 331 000
286 000 371 000 466 000
343 000 445 000 559 000
520 760 1 050
730 1 050 1 500
880 1 300 1 800
197 000 256 000 321 000
277 000 359 000 452 000
332 000 431 000 542 000
610 610 900 900 1 250
860 1 250 1 750
1 050 1 500 2 100
M 33 x 2 M 36 x 3 M 42 x 3
407 000 458 000 640 000
598 000 670 000 940 000
680 000 770 000 1 080 000
1 410 1 770 2 900
2 080 2 600 4 200
2 400 3 000 4 800
395 000 444 000 620 000
581 000 650 000 910 000
660 000 740 000 1 050 000
1 680 2 100 3 400
2 470 3 100 5 000
2 800 3 500 5 700
Hexagonal items with wi width dth ac across ross fl flats ats according according to ISO require about ca. 1,5% lower tightening torque
**
(preload remains the same). Hexagonal items with width across flats according to ISO require about ca. 2% higher tightening torque (preload remains the same).
Preload and tightening torque for fastenres of lof property class: 5.8:
Preload Tightening torque
Fv –5 –5.8 .8 [N] [N] = Ma –5 –5.8 .8 [Nm] [Nm] =
0,65 0,65 x Fv –8 –8.8 .8 [N] [N] 0,65 0,65 x Ma –8 –8.8 .8 [Nm] [Nm]
5.6:
Preload Tightening torque
Fv –5 –5.6 .6 [N] [N] = Ma –5 –5.6 .6 [Nm] [Nm] =
0,46 0,46 x Fv –8 –8.8 .8 [N] [N] 0,46 0,46 x Ma –8 –8.8 .8 [Nm] [Nm]
T 20
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Tightening of fasteners For good functioning of the fasteners, the preload (clamping force) obtained by tightening is of significance. As a principle, fasteners are to be tightened until their lower yield stress value is reached. However, since tightening causes friction and adds additional stress on the fastener, the effective preload is lower than the yield strength. Suitable tightening torques and the resulting preload are shown in the following charts. Friction, however, has a strong influence on these figures. For normal applications (plain, slightly lubricated), start with friction coefficient mtotal = 0,12 0,12 for your calculations. In other cases, refer to the following table to find the friction coefficient range. Values for high-strength structural bolting are found on page A 53, for stainless steel fasteners see page T 29. Coefficients of friction in the bearing area (bolt or nut) and in the thread
m
total
Nut l tapped threads, plain or phosphated l electr electroplatin oplating g (zinc in the thread , 4 mm) l nut face according to ISO 4032 / DIN 934 zinc plated plain
MoS2 lubricated
plain or phosphated, slightly lubricated
0,12–(0,18)
0,06–(0,12)
0,12–(0,18)
0,06–(0,12)
Bolt l formed or cut
zinc plated, dacrometized
l bearing surface according to l ISO 4014, 4017, 4762 l DIN 931, 933, 912
black or phosphated with PLUS*)
0,14–(0,20)
zinc plated with PLUS*)
0,14–(0,20)
hot-dip galvanized
0,16–(0,25)
0,12–(0,20)
0,08–(0,12)
*) PLUS coating = the thread is coated with an adhesive as locking feature. Addition: m-values m-values only apply to PLUS-coatings and onmiFIT adhesives. For all other adhesives, especially anaerobic adhesives, use mtotal = 0,20–(0,30) (please consult the manufacturer).
T 24
ver z1d
P.O.Box 261 Owings Mills, MD 21117 211 17 USA (410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
90% of the yield strength is utilized by preload and torque stress
µ T hr ea d diameter
P r e lo a d F V [ N]
tot.
= 0,125
= 0,14
µ tot.
Tightening torque M A [Nm]
Preload FV [ N ]
T i g h te n i n g t o r q u e M A [Nm]
8.8
10.9
12.9
8.8
10 . 9
1 2 .9
8.8
10. 9
1 2 .9
8.8
1 0. 0
12.9
4 000 6 550 9 250
5 650 9 200 13 000
6 750 11 100 15 600
2,7 5,5 9,5
3, 8 8, 0 13
4,6 9,5 16
3 900 6 350 9 000
5 4 50 8 9 50 12 6 0 0
6 550 10 700 15 100
2,9 6,0 10
4,1 8,5 14
4, 9 10 17
[M 7] M8 [M 9]
13 600 17 000 22 600
19 100 23 900 31 900
22 900 28 700 38 200
15 23 34
22 32 47
26 39 57
1 3 20 0 1 6 50 0 2 2 00 0
18 5 0 0 23 2 0 0 30 9 0 0
22 200 27 900 37 100
16 25 36
23 35 51
28 41 61
M 10 * M 12 * M 14 *
27 100 39 500 54 000
38 000 55 500 76 000
45 700 66 700 91 300
46 80 125
64 110 180
77 135 215
26 200 38 300 52 500
36 900 54 000 74 000
44 300 64 500 88 500
49 86 135
69 120 190
83 145 230
M 16 M 18 M 20
75 000 90 500 117 000
105 000 127 000 164 000
126 000 153 000 197 000
195 270 385
275 390 540
330 455 650
7 3 00 0 8 8 00 0 114 000
102 000 124 000 160 000
123 000 148 000 192 000
210 290 410
295 405 580
355 485 690
M 22 ** M 24 M 27
145 000 169 000 221 000
205 000 237 000 311 000
245 000 284 000 374 000
510 660 980
720 930 1 4 00
870 1 100 1 65 0
141 000 164 000 215 000
199 000 230 000 302 000
239 000 276 000 36 3 000
550 710 1 050
780 1 000 1 500
930 1 200 1 8 00
M 30 M 33 M 36
269 000 335 000 394 000
379 000 493 000 578 000
454 000 566 000 665 000
1 350 1 810 2 320
1 8 50 2 7 00 3 4 00
2 25 0 3 10 0 3 90 0
262 000 326 000 382 000
368 000 479 000 562 000
44 2 000 55 0 000 64 6 000
1 450 1 950 2 500
2 000 2 900 3 700
2 4 00 3 3 00 4 2 00
M 39 M 42
470 000 540 000
690 000 790 000
790 000 910 000
3 000 3 700
4 4 00 5 5 00
5 10 0 6 30 0
460 000 520 000
670 000 7 70 000
77 0 000 880 000
3 200 4 000
4 800 5 900
5 5 00 6 8 00
M 8x1 M 10 x 1,25 * M 12 x 1,25 *
18 600 29 100 44 600
26 200 40 900 62 500
31 500 49 100 75 000
25 49 88
35 68 125
42 82 150
18 100 28 300 43 300
25 500 39 800 61 000
30 600 47 700 73 000
27 52 95
38 73 135
45 88 160
M 12 x 1,5 * M 14 x 1,5 * M 16 x 1,5
41 900 60 500 81 500
59 000 85 000 114 000
70 500 102 000 137 000
83 140 210
115 195 295
140 235 350
40 700 58 500 79 000
57 000 82 500 111 000
68 500 99 000 133 000
90 150 225
125 210 315
150 250 380
M 18 x 1,5 M 20 x 1,5 M 22 x 1,5 **
106 000 134 000 165 000
149 000 189 000 232 000
179 000 226 000 279 000
305 425 570
425 600 800
510 720 960
103 000 130 000 161 000
145 000 183 000 226 000
174 000 220 000 271 000
325 460 610
460 640 880
550 770 1 050
M 24 M 27 M 30 M 33 M 36 M 42
188 000 245 000 308 000 379 000 425 000 590 000
265 000 344 000 433 000 557 000 624 000 870 000
318 000 413 000 520 000 640 000 710 000 1 000 000
200 800 500 400 200 700
183 238 300 369 413 580
257 335 422 542 607 850
309 402 506 623 690 980
100 600 250 200 900 300
1 1 2 3 4 7
M4 M5 M6
x x x x x x
2 2 2 2 3 3
1 1 1 2 4
720 050 450 990 460 000
µ T hr ea d diameter
1 1 2 2 3 5
tot.
000 500 050 900 600 900
1 1 2 3 4 6
000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000
= 0, 0,16 16
1 1 2 2 4
780 150 600 150 700 300
1 1 2 3 3 6
µ tot.
300 950 700 600 500 300
= 0,20
P r e lo a d
Tightening torque
Preload
T i g h te n i n g t o r q u e
F V [ N]
M A [Nm]
FV [ N ]
M A [Nm]
8.8
10.9
12.9
8.8
10 . 9
1 2 .9
8.8
10. 9
1 2 .9
8.8
1 0. 0
12.9
3 700 6 100 8 600
5 200 8 600 12 100
6 250 10 300 14 500
3,1 6,5 11
4, 4 9, 0 15
5,0 11 18
3 400 5 600 7 900
4 8 00 7 9 00 11 100
5 750 9 450 13 300
3,5 7,0 12
4,9 10 17
6 12 20
[M 7]
12 600
17 800
21 300
18
25
30
11 600
16 3 0 0
19 600
20
28
34
M [M 89]
1 25 18 10 00 0
29 27 30 00 0 2
25 66 70 00 0 3
26 3 9
3 57 5
4 65 6
1 14 95 40 00 0
2 20 75 30 00 0
2 34 25 70 00 0
3 40 4
4 60 2
5 70 4
M 10 * M 12 * M 14 *
25 200 36 800 50 500
35 500 51 500 71 000
42 600 62 000 85 000
53 92 145
75 130 205
90 155 250
23 400 33 900 46 300
32 600 47 600 65 000
39 100 57 000 78 000
60 105 165
84 145 230
100 175 280
M 16 M 18 M 20
70 000 84 000 109 000
98 000 118 000 153 000
118 000 142 000 184 000
230 310 445
320 435 630
385 520 750
6 4 50 0 7 7 50 0 100 000
90 5 0 0 109 000 141 000
108 000 131 000 169 000
255 350 500
380 495 710
435 590 850
M 22 ** M 24 M 27
136 000 157 000 207 000
191 000 221 000 291 000
229 000 265 000 349 000
600 770 1 150
840 1 1 00 1 6 00
1 000 1 30 0 1 95 0
125 000 145 000 190 000
176 000 203 000 268 000
211 000 244 000 321 000
680 870 1 300
950 1 200 1 800
1 150 1 4 50 2 2 00
M 30 M 33 M 36
252 000 313 000 368 000
354 000 460 000 540 000
425 000 528 000 621 000
1 550 2 120 2 700
2 2 00 3 1 00 4 0 00
2 60 0 3 60 0 4 60 0
232 000 288 000 338 000
326 000 424 000 497 000
391 000 48 7 000 57 1 000
1 750 2 400 3 100
2 450 3 500 4 500
2 9 50 4 1 00 5 2 00
M 39 M 42
442 000 500 000
650 000 740 000
740 000 850 000
3 500 4 300
5 2 00 6 4 00
5 90 0 7 30 0
408 000 460 000
599 000 6 80 000
68 0 000 780 000
4 000 4 900
5 900 7 200
6 7 00 8 3 00
M 8x1 M 10 x 1,25 * M 12 x 1,25 *
17 400 27 200 41 600
24 400 38 200 58 500
29 300 45 900 70 000
29 57 105
41 80 145
49 95 175
16 000 25 000 38 400
22 500 35 100 54 000
27 000 42 200 64 500
33 64 11 115 5
46 90 165
55 105 195
M 12 x 1,5 * M 14 x 1,5 * M 16 x 1,5
39 100 56 500 76 000
55 000 79 000 107 000
66 000 95 000 128 000
97 160 245
135 225 345
165 270 410
36 000 52 000 70 000
50 500 73 000 98 500
60 500 87 500 118 000
11 110 0 185 275
155 255 390
185 310 465
M 18 x 1,5 M 20 x 1,5 M 22 x 1,5 **
99 000 126 000 154 000
139 000 176 000 217 000
167 000 212 000 261 000
355 500 670
500 700 940
600 840 1 150
91 000 116 000 143 000
128 000 163 000 201 000
154 000 195 000 241 000
405 570 760
570 800 1 050
680 960 1 300
M4 M5 M6
M 24 x 2 M 27 x 2 M 30 x 2
176 000 229 000 288 000
248 000 322 000 406 000
297 000 387 000 487 000
850 1 250 1 750
1 200 1 750 2 450
1 450 2 100 2 950
M 33 x 2 M 36 x 3 M 42 x 3
355 000 397 000 550 000
522 000 584 000 820 000
600 000 670 000 940 000
2 350 2 900 4 700
3 500 4 300 6 900
4 000 4 900 8 000
ver z1d-ee13c
163 000 211 000 266 000
229 000 297 000 374 000
275 000 357 000 449 000
960 1 400 2 000
1 350 2 000 2 800
1 600 2 400 3 350
328 000 366 000 510 000
481 000 538 000 750 000
553 000 618 000 870 000
2 700 3 300 5 400
4 000 4 800 7 900
4 500 5 600 9 100
T 21
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Preload FV and tightening torque M a for screws and nuts with special torque or bearing surfaces Values for plain or zinc plated fasteners as supplied. Serrated screws and nuts
M5
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
Property class
Clamped material
Tightening torque M A [Nm]
Screws
Steel
9
16
34
58
97
155
215
8.8 (90) Nuts 8
Cast iron
7
13
28
49 Preload FV [N] [N]
83
130
195
6350
9000
16 500
26 200
38 300
52 500
73 000
Tightening torque M A [Nm] Screws 10.9 (100) Nuts 10
Steel: Rm 500–1000 [N/mm2]
12
21
44
75
120
185
280
Cast iron
9,5
16
36
64
105
170
260
Preload FV [N] [N]
9000
12 600
23 200
37 000
54 000
74 000
102 000
M5
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
M 14
M 16
Ribbed screws and nuts
Tightening torque M A [Nm] Screws 10.9 (100) Nuts 10
Steel: Rm , 80 800 [N/mm2]
11
19
42
85
130
230
330
Steel: Rm 800–1100 [N/mm2]
10
18
37
80
120
215
310
Cast iron
9
16
35
75
115
200
300
54 000
74 000
102 000
Preload FV [N] [N] 9000
12 600
23 200
37 000
T 22
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Thread forming screws M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M 10
20
39
10
24
48
max. forming torque MF [Nm] Screws according DIN 7500 case hardened
Steel (sufficient sheet metal thickness assumed)
0,3
1
2,4
4,7
8
Tightening torque M A [Nm] 0,4
1,2
2,8
5,7 Preload FV [N]
900
2 100
3 900
6 400
9 100
16 800
26 700
M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M 10
M 12
14
25
51
9900
14 000
23 500
32
58
115
22 500
31 800
53 800
Oval head screws with pressed-on washer (K748)
Tightening torque M A [Nm] Class 5.8
mges 0,125
0,8
1,8
3,3
6,1 Preload FV [N]
1400
2450
3500
5700
Tightening torque M A [Nm] Class 10.9
mges 0,125
1,8
4,2
7,4
14 Preload FV [N]
3200
5600
8000
13 000
T 23
M ARY YL LA N D M M E T RIC S P.O.Box 261 Owings Owing s Mills, MD 21117 USA (410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Pre-Loading of high-strength structural bolts Complete sets are only to be used. Hot dip galvanized nuts supplied by us are treated and ready for assembly (coated with molykote). An additional lubrication of screws, nuts or washers is not permissible, since it alters the preload values and leads to failures in assembly. The preload is generally applied by tightening the nut. For this purpose, torque wrenches, impact screwdrivers or similar devices may be used. Tightening via the bolt head requires a free turning shank, so that no additional frictional resistance is developed.
Torque wrench When tightening with a torque wrench, the necessary pre-loading force is provided by applicating a measured torque. The wrench used must be properly adjustable or allow a reliable reading of the required torque. The maximum discrepancy allowed for adjusting and reading should be +0.1 Ma. Testing is to be done before the torque wrench is used and also during use at least every six months.
Impact screwdriver When tightening with impact screwdrivers the necessary preload force is provided by impulses. The screwdriver is to be adjusted to the prescribed preload by tests with suitable equipment (e.g. tensometer) on at least three screws intended for use in the assembly.
Angle of rotation Pre-loading thethen screws by athe angle of rotation method is done tightening and adding further rotation through the angle ϕ. by an alignment (“snug”)
copyright 1999 Maryland Metrics
A 48
M A R Y L A N D M E T R IIC CS P.O.Box 261 Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA (410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Method of tightening
Bolt diameter
Necessary preload Pv in the bolt
Torque wrench
Impact
Tightening torque Ma
Screwdriver Preload P v
to be applied Bolt lubricated with MoS2 (hot dip galvanized)
Necessary alignment torque
Clamping range
Angle of rotation
Rotation
1)
Mav 1)
lk
O
kN 060
Nm 010
mm
1)
U 1)
0–50
180°
1/2
050 100
51–100
240°
4/6
200
101–240
270° 3)
3/4 3)
to be applied
Bolt slightly oiled
Nm 2)
M 12
kN 050
0100
Nm 0120
M 16 M 20
10 0 16 0
0250 0450
0350 0600
110 175
M 22
19 0
0650
0900
210
M 24 M 27
22 0 29 0
0800 1250
1100 1650
240 320
M 30 M 36
35 0 51 0
1650 2850
2200 3800
390 560
1) Independent of lubrication of the thread or the surfaces of nut and bolt. 2) For tightening from the head, please ask for data.
Angle of rotation method
3) For bolts M 12–M 22 with clamping range of 171–240 mm, an angle of rotation = 360° or U = 1 is to be applied. Important: Import ant:
Tightening Tightening torques torques for hot dip ga galvaniz lvanized ed bolts bolts differ from th those ose for plain plain.. See ta table ble ab above. ove.
copyright 1999 maryland metrics
all rights reserved
A 49
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA We offer this only as a process applied to our fastener products, not as a separate item.
® For high-tensile bolted connections, connections, the most important criterion for effectiveness is the preload. Using torque controlled tightening, friction in the thread and under the bearing face directly influences the attained preload. Bolt lubrication aims to reduce and stabilize friction and minimize the scatter between fastened joints. Additionally,, it will improve the ability to loosen the bolts even after long term operation. In view of the many different Additionally materials for bolts and nuts and the environmental influences, it is understandable that there can not be a single, multi-purpose lubricant. However, However, for common use the plain, slightly oiled surface or zinc plating gives sufficient temporary protection against corrosion and a favourable coefficient of friction. For stainless steel or hot dip galvanized fasteners, for high temperature or critical applications as far as corrosion or preload are concerned, an additional lubrication leads to better performance and higher security of the bolted joints. Low coefficient of friction, high preload Low variation of friction, equal preload Additional protection against corrosion
Dry fasteners, clean handling Assured loosening even after years of operation
Application
Service temperature – 030 °C to + 125 °C
7405 1000 7405
D D 321R
G-Rapid plus D 321R D 3484
D HSC plus 1000 7443
G-Rapid p l u s*
H SC pl us
+ 300 °C to + 600 °C
D G-Rapid plus HSC plus G-Rapid plus D 321R 1000 1000
+ 125 °C to + 300 °C
Paste 1000
1000 P 37
P 37
+ 1100 °C to + 1400 °C
HSC plus
P 37
P 37
P 37
HSC plus
P 37
HSC plus 1000
D G-Rapid plus HSC plus G-Rapid pl plus D 321R D 321R D 3484 D 3484
P 37
+ 0600 °C to + 1100 °C
D *
7405 **
AFC Anti-friction coating D 321R 7443 D 3484 * ** ***
µ-thread
0,10
0, 12
0,11
0, 13
0,13
0, 08
0, 09
0,14
0,14
µ-head
0,07
0,010
0, 10
0, 10
0,08
0, 09
0, 04
0,07
0,03
* = Prefe Preferab rably ly for for aust austenit enitic ic stai stainles nlesss steel steelss as as coef coeffici ficient ent of frict friction ion is very very low ** = Thread phosphated *** = Pref Prefera erabl blyy for for hot hot dip dip gal galvan vaniz ized ed ®
Molykote coated heavy nuts for high-strength structural bolting and heat-resistant nuts class 5-2 are available on special order. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics All rights reserved T 41 We offer this only as a process applied to our fastener products, not as a separate item.
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Reduced load Socket cap screws with low heads For socket cap screws with low heads, with shallow or small sockets, the critical cross section may be underneath the socket and not in the thread. It is recommended not to use such screws in applications where high loads and full preloading are required. Property class 10.9 is used to reduce wear in the socket, it is not to get high-strength application fasteners. Such screws should be tightened by nuts, the socket should be used to prevent rotation of the screws only. In case the screws has to be tightened by the socket, reduced tightening torques should be used. Recommended maximum tightening torques Ma max (Nm) for low head screws or screws with small sockets. st eel
M 3 M 4 M 5
ISO 7379 12.9
6
4, 6
DIN 7984 8.8
1,0 2,3 4,3
DIN 6912 8.8
K 323 10.9
ISO 7380 10.9
2, 3 5,3
1, 8 5,8
0,9 1,7 3 ,7 3,
DIN 7991 10.9
1, 0 2,0 5,0
DIN 913–916 45 H
0, 6 1,5 3,5
M 6 M 8 M 10
8 10 12
9, 5 22,0 45,5
M 12
16
M 14 M 16
20
M 20 M 24 stainless st eel
–
7, 5 13, 5 34,5 34 ,5
9,3 19,3 36,3 36 ,3
100,5
52,5 52 ,5
60,3 60 ,3
200,5
80,5 110,5 110,5
90,3 90 ,3 155,3 155,3
210,5 350,5
280,3 280,3 440,3 440 ,3
A2 / A4 –70
6,8 13,8 13 ,8 22,8 22 ,8
8,7 13,7 13 ,7 30,7 30 ,7
8,0 16,0 16 ,0 37,0 37 ,0
6,0 14,0 14 ,0 26,0 26 ,0
60,7 60 ,7
65,0 65 ,0
50,0 50 ,0
105,7 105 ,7
100,0 100,0 110 10,0 ,0
55,0 55 ,0 110 10,0 ,0
165,0 165,0 400,0 400 ,0
210,0 210,0 350,0 350 ,0
A2 / A4 –70
–
A 2 / A 4 –70
A2 / A4 –70
M 3 M 4 M 5
0, 6 1,4 2, 5
1,7 3,5
0,5 0,8 1,8
M 6 M 8 M 10
5,5 10,3 10 ,3 24,3
6,4 14,3 14 ,3 26,3 26 ,3
4,7 7,7 15,7 15 ,7
M 12 M 14 M 16
39,3 60,3 85,3
44,3 44,3 68,3 68 ,3 115 15,3 ,3
33,7 33 ,7
60,7 60 ,7
M 20 M 24
160,3 250,3
210,3 210,3 330,3 330 ,3
A2 / A4 –70
0, 5 1, 3 2, 8
0, 2 0, 5 1, 5
4, 2 8,5 8, 20,0 20 ,0
2,5 5,5 10,5 10 ,5
34,0 34,0 52,0 52 ,0 58,0 58 ,0
20,5 20,5 22,5 22 ,5 50,5 50 ,5
88,0 88,0 210,0 210 ,0
80,5 80,5 130,5 130 ,5
The above tightening torques are estimated, taking into consideration head configuration, key size, socket depth and the strength of the screw. They should be double checked by means of testing if used for critical applications.
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 23
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Screw threads, overview Screw threads to DIN standards
Name M ISO-metric thread (60° thread angle)
M ISO-metric thread with interference fit
Designation/ example M 0.8 M 30
M 20 x 1 M 30 x 2 – LH1) DIN 6630 – M 64 x 4 LN 9163 – M 30 x 2 – 4H5H M 10 Sn 4 M 10 Sk 6
Nominal diameter
Standard
Application
0.3 to 0.9 mm 1 to 68 mm
DIN 14, part 1 to part 4 DIN 13, part 1 ISO 68 ISO 261/262
Watches and fine work General engineering (coarse thread)
1 to 1000 mm 64 and 76 mm 1.4 to 355 mm 3 to 150 mm
(60° thread angle)
M Metric thread with large clearance (60° thread angle) EG M ISO-metric thread, internal thread for adopting threaded
Tap end of studs
M 10 Sn 4 tight DIN 2510 – M 36
3 to 150 mm 12 to 180 mm
(draft at present) DIN 2510 part 2
DIN 8140 – EG M 20
2 to 52 mm
DIN 8140 part 2 (draft
not tight
tight Bolted connections with reduced shank
Internal thread for adoption of threaded wire inserts
at present ) DIN 158 – M 30 x 2 keg DIN 158 – M 30 x 2 tap short
S Self forming taper external thread (105° thread angle) (taper 7° 7°30’) 30’)
S 8 x1
MJ MJ-thread (60° thread angle angle))
MJ 6 x 1 –
Plugs and Grease nipples 6 to 60 mm
DIN 158
6 to 10 mm
DIN 71 412 (draft at present)
Taper lubricating nipple
DIN ISO 5855
Aviation and aerospace construction const ruction
1,6 to 39 mm
MJ 6 x 1 – 4H5H LN ISO-metric thread for aviation
LN 9163
General engineering (fine thread) Packaging; external thread for barrels Aviation and aerospace
DIN 13 part 51
inserts (60° thread angle) M Metric taper external thread (60° thread angle) (taper 1:16)
ISO 724/965 DIN 13, part 2 to part 11 DIN 6630
LN 9163 H 30 x 2
(thread similar to DIN 158 but 105°thread angle)
part 1 and part 2 1,4–355 mm
LN 9163 EN 2158
Aviation and aerospace
1) LH international designation for left hand thread
Name G Parallel pipe thread, pressure tight joints are not made on the thread (55° thread angle) Whitworth
Designation/ exemple G 11 /2 A G 11 /2 B
Nominal diameter
Standard
Application External pipe thread
1 / to 6 16
DIN ISO 228
G 11 /2 DIN 6630 – G 3 /4
3 / , 1, 2 4
part 1 DIN 6630
Parallel pipe thread, pressure tight joints are not made on the thread (55° thread angle)
51 /2
51 /2
DIN 6602
Internal pipe thread Packaging; external thread for barrels External thread for cistern cars
R Whitworth parallel pipe thread, pressure tight joints are not made on the thread (55° thread angle) Rp Whitworth parallel pipe thread, pressure tight joints on the thread (55° thread angle)
R 3 /4
1 / to 6 8
DIN 259 part 1 to part 32)
Piping, do not use in new designs
DIN 2999 – Rp 1 /2
1 / to 6 16
DIN 2999 part 1
Internal thread for pipes and fittings
DIN 3858 – Rp 1 /8
1 / to 11 / 8 2
DIN 3858
Internal thread for pipe unions
R
DIN 2999 – R 1 /2
1 /16 to 6
DIN 2999 part 1
External thread for pipes and fittings
DIN 3858 – R 1 /8 –1
1 / to 11 / 8 2
DIN 3858
External thread for pipe unions
Whitworth taper pipe thread, pressure tight joints on the thread (55° thread angle) angle),, (taper 1:16)
Tr ISO metric trapezoidal thread, single or multiple start (30° thread angle)
DIN 103 part 1 to part 8 ISO 2901 to 2904
Tr 40 x 7 Tr 40 x 14 P7
8 to 300 mm General
Tr
DIN 380 –
DIN 380
Stub metric trapezoidal thread, single or multiple start (30° thread angle)
Tr 48 x 8
part 1 and part 2
DIN 380 – Tr 48 x 14 P7
Tr Acme trapezoidal thread with clearance, single or multiple start
DIN 263 – Tr 48 x 12
48 mm
DIN 263 –
40 mm
(30° thread angle)
Tr 40 x 16 P8
Tr
DIN 263 part 1 and part 2
For rail vehicles
DIN 6341 – Tr 32 x 1,5
10 to 56 mm
DIN 6341 part 2
For collet chucks
DIN 30 295 –
26 to 80 mm
DIN 30 295
For rail vehicles
Rounded trapezoidal thread (30° thread angle) KT Trapezoidal thread (20° thread angle)
Tr 40 x 5 DIN 6063 – KT 22
part 1 and part 2 10 to 50 mm
DIN 6063 part 2
Preferably for packages made of plastics
2) Danger to be mixed up due to identical designation as ISO 7/1. Replaced by DIN ISO 228 part 1 and new designation. See DIN ISO 228 part 1.
Name
Designation/ exemple
Nominal diameter
Standard
Application
Buttress metric thread, single-
S 48 x 8
10 to 640 mm
DIN 513
General
or multiple-start (30°/3° thread angle)
S 40 x 14 P7
S
DIN 2781 –
100 to
Buttress single-start thread
S 630 x 20
1250 mm
DIN 20 401 – S 25 x 1.5
6 to 40 mm
DIN 20 401
Mining industry
DIN 6063 – KS 22
10 to 50 mm
DIN 6063 part 1
Preferably for packages made of plastics
Rd Knuckle parallel thread, single- or multiple-start (30° thread angle)
Rd 40 x 1 /6 Rd 40 x 1 /3 P1 /6
8 to 200 mm
DIN 405 part 1 and part 2
General
Rd Knuckle parallel thread (30° thread angle)
Rd 40 x 5
10 to 300 mm
DIN 20 400
Mining industry,, with large industry thread overlap
DIN 15 403 – Rd 80 x 10
50 to 320 mm
DIN 15 403
For lifting hooks
DIN 7273 – Rd 70
20 to 100 mm
DIN 7273 part 1
For steel sheet items and related joints
S
part 1 to part 3 DIN 2781
For machine tools, hydraulic
presses
(45°/0° thread angle) S
Buttress thread,
(30°/3° thread angle) KS Buttress thread (40°/10° thread angle)
part 1 and part 2
Rd Round parallel thread with clearance
DIN 262 – Rd 59 x 7
34 to 79 mm
(steep flank: 15° 15°56’ 56’ thread angle)
DIN 262 DIN 262 – Rd 59 x 7 left DIN 264 – Rd 50 x 7
(flat flank: 30° thread angle)
DIN 264 – Rd 50 x 7 left
Rd
DIN 3182 –
part 1 and part 2 For rail vehicles 50 mm
DIN 264 part 1 and part 2
40, 80 and
DIN 3182
Respirators and gas masks
Round parallel thread
Rd 40 x 1 / 7
110 mm
part 1
GL
DIN 168 –
8 to 45 mm
DIN 168
Round parallel (30°/60° threadthread angle)
GL 25 x 3
Gf
DIN 4930 – Gf 127
127 mm
DIN 4930 part 2
Tubes for tunneling
Name
Designation/ exemple
Nominal diameter
Standard
Application
E
DIN 40 400 – E 27
14 mm 16 mm
DIN 40 400
For d-type fuses (E 14 and E 27 for lamp-sockets)
Round taper thread
Edison thread
For glass containers
part 1
18 27 mm mm 33 mm
Lamp-socket thread
DIN 49 612 – E5
5 mm
DIN 49 612
DIN 49 610 – E 10
10 mm
DIN 49 610
DIN 49 625 – E 40
40 mm
DIN 49 625
DIN 49 689 –
28 and 40 mm
DIN 49 689
External thread for lamp-sockets,
internal holders thread for lampshade For d-type fuses, screw -in gauge D ll and D lll
28 x 2
For lamp-sockets
DIN 49 301 –
3 / 16
DIN 49 301
DIN 40 450 – Glasg 74,5
74,5 mm 84,5 mm 99 mm 123,5 mm 158 mm 188 mm
DIN 40 450
Electric industry: glass fittings, protection glasses
DIN 40 430 – Pg 21
7 to 48 mm
DIN 40 430
For electric installations
DIN 7970 – ST 3,5
1,5 to 9,5 mm
DIN 7970 ISO 1478
For tapping screws
Wood screw thread (60° thread angle)
DIN 7998– 7998–44
1,6 to 20 mm
DIN 7998
For wood screws
FG
FG 9,5
2 to 34,8 mm
DIN 79 012
For cycles and motor-scooters
DIN 7756 – Vg 12
5 to 12 mm
DIN 7756
Valves for tires
W Parallel Whitworth thread (55° thread angle) Glasg Glasg Thread for glass (35°/50° (35° /50° thread angle angle))
Pg Steel conduit thread (80° thread angle)
ST Tapping screw thread (60° thread angle)
W 3 /16
Bicycle screw thread (60° thread angle)
Vg Threads for valves
(60° thread angle) W Taper Whitwort Whitworthh thread (55° thread angle), taper 3:25 W Parallel Whitworth thread (55° thread angle)
DIN 477 – W 28,8 x 1 /14 tap DIN 477 – W 21,80 x 1 /14 W 80 x 1 /11
19,8 mm, 28,8 mm, 31,3 mm
Gas cylinders, thread for main nozzle DIN 477 part 1
21,8 mm, 24,32 mm, 25,4 mm 80 mm
ABC Tripod thread (60° thread angle)
DIN 4503 A 1 / 4
1 / –3 / 4 8
DIN 4503 ISO 1222
Gas cylinders, thread for neck rings and protection caps Connections to photographic equipment
Name
Designation/ exemple
Nominal diameter
Standard
Application
RMS RMS-thread (55° thread angle) Gg Taper thread (60° thread angle), taper 1 :16 Gg Taper thr thread ead (30 (30°°/30° thre thread ad angle), taper 1:4 HA Bone screw thread
DIN 58 888 – RMS
20,32 mm
DIN 58 888
Objective for microscope
DIN 4941 – Gg 51
44,5 to 88,9 mm
DIN 4941
DIN 58 810 – HA 4,5
HB Bone screw thread
DIN 58 810 – HB 6,5
DIN 20 314 –
DIN 4668
Gas cylinders, thread for side nozzles
31 / 2 41 / 2 51 / 2 1,5, 2, 2,7 2,7,, 3,5 and 4,5 mm
4 to 6,5 mm
DIN 20 314
For drill pipes in water and rock drilling, mining
For surgical implants, external and internal thread DIN 58 810
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 44-48
All rights reserved
1 P.O.Box 261 Owings Mills, MD 211 21 17 USA (410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA Screws threads to other standards
Name
Identification UNM UN UNC
UNF UNEF UNS UNR UNRC
Unified threads
US thread (old)
Withworth threads
B.A. threads
Parallel pipe threads
Taper pipe threads
Trapezoidal thread
UNRF UNREF UNRS
1)
UNC 2) UNF UNEF UNJ UNJC UNJF UNJEF NC NF NEF NS 8 N; 12 N; 16 N BSW
BSF B.A. NPSC NPSM NPSL Dryseal NPSF Dryseal NPSI G3) Rp4) NPT N PTR Dryseal NPTF Dryseal PTF-SAE SHORT R5) Rc
Designation/example 0.80 UNM
Standard ASA B 1.10 –1985 ANSI B 1.1 – 1982
Origin USA USA
B.S. 1580: Part 1 & 2 1962 CSA B 1.1 – 1949 ISO 263; 725; 5864
Great Britain
7 / -20 UNRF–2A 14 or 0.4375–20 UNRF–2A
ANSI B 1.1 – 1982
USA
6(0.138)–32 UN UNC–2A
B.S. 1580: Pa Part 3: 3: 19 1965
Great Br Britain
0,250–28 UNJF–3A
B. S. 4084: 1978
12–32 NEF
ANSI B 1.1–1960 replaced by ANSI B 1.1–1982
1 / in.–20 B.S.W. 4
B.S. 84: 1956
11 B.A.
B.S. 93: 1951
1 / –27 NPSC 8
ANSI/ASME B 1.20.1–1983
1 / –20 UNC–2A 4 or 0.250 –20 UNC–2A
NPSH 1 / –27 NPSF 8 G 11 / 4 Rp 1 / 2 3 / /88 –18 NPT 1 / –27 NPTF–1 8 R 1 / 2 Rc 1 / 2
Acme Stub-Acme Butt
13 / 4 –4 ACME–2G 0.500–20 STUB ACME 2.5–8 BUTT–2A
Buttress
2,0 B.S. Buttress thread 8 tpi medium class 1 / –26. BSC-Med. 4
Buttress threads
Threads for cycles
BSC
Canada
Great Britain
USA
Great Britain
USA ANSI B 1.20.3–1976 (R 1982) B.S. 2779: 1973 B.S. 21:1973 ANSI/ASME B 1.20.1–1983 ANSI B 1.20.3–1976 (R 1982)
Great Britain
USA
Great Britain B.S. 21: 1985 ANSI B 1.5 –1977 B.S. 1104: 1957 ANSI B 1.8–1977 ANSI B 1.9–1973 (R 1985) B.S. 1657: 1950
USA Great Britain USA
Great Britain B.S. 811: 1950
1)External thread with rounded root 2)For nominal diameter less than 1 / inch 3)Replaces old identification BSP.F. 4
4)Replaces old identification BSP.Pl BSP.Pl 5)Replaces old identification BSP.Tr. copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 50
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
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ISO metric screw threads Basic dimensions
Table 3 Pitch P
Thread height h 3
Pitch H 1
P
Thread height h 3
H 1
0,25 0,3 0,35
0,153 0,184 0,215
0,135 0,162 0,189
1,25 1,5 1,75
0,767 0,920 1,074
0,677 0,812 0,947
0,4 0,45 0,5
0,245 0,276 0,307
0,217 0,244 0,271
2 2,5 3
1,227 1,534 1,840
1,083 1,353 1,624
0,6 0,7 0,75
0,368 0,429 0,460
0,325 0,379 0,406
3,5 4 4,5
2,147 2,454 2,760
1,894 2,165 2,436
0,8 1
0,491 0,613
0,433 0,541
5 5,5 6
3,067 3,374 3,681
2,706 2,977 3,248
1) not in ISO 262
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 51
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
T 52
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 53
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
2) maximum calculated as
T 54
R =
0,144
P =
H/6, minimum as
R min
= 0,125
P <
H/7 (see DIN 13 part 14)
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
All rights reserved
1 P.O.Box 261 Owings Mills, MD 211 21 17 USA (410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 55
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 21 211 117 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Tolerance for fasteners Tolerance for product grades Feature
Notes
Internal thread (nuts)
A
B
C
6H
6H
7H
For electroplated coatings and hot dip galvanizing, see relevant product and coating standards.
External thread (screws)
6g
6g
8g
Thread length
P = pit pitch ch of thre thread ad
b
+ 2 P 0
b
+ 2 P 0
b
+ 2 P 0
Tolerance + 2 P only for such bolts where l s and l g are not fixed in the product standard.
Stud + 2 P 0 b 1 js16 b
Nominal length
js 15 js 16 for slotted and cross recessed screws with
+ 2 P 0 js17 7 b 1 js1 b
js 17
+ 2 P 0 js17 7 b 1 js1 b
l < 150 : js 17 l . 150 : 2 js 17
*) Only stud end of studs.
length 50 mm Type C tolerance
l # 25 . 25
0,8 ± 1,3
±
Type F tolerance
l # 19
0 – 0,8
. 19 # 38
0 – 1,3
. 38
0 – 1,5
Shank diameter
h13
h14
±
IT 15
The tolerance is not applicable in the areas of the underhead fillet and thread run-out. Allowance for the swelling under the head, see the relevant product standard.
Tolerance for product grades Feature
Notes A
B
C
s
tolerance
Width across flats s % 30 . 30
tolerance h13 h1
30 % 18 . 18 % 60 . 60 % 180 . 180 30
h14 h15 h16 h17
Width across corners e min. 1,13 s min. e min. 1,12 s min. for flanged bolts and screws and other cold forged heads without trimming operation
Head height
tolerance
1)For flanged hexagon bolts and screws k is js16 defined only as a js17 maximum.
k
js14
js15
, 10
Head diameter
Head height Head diameter
h13 *)
10
h14 **)
% M 5 : h13 . M 5 : h14
h14
–
h14 h14
*)
IT 13 for for knurled knurled heads **) ± IT 14 for for knurled knurled heads
– –
±
Tapping screws are product grade B
Head height
%M 5 : h13
h14
. M 5 : h14
–
1) Fo Forr fla flatt he head ad sc scre rews ws k is definied only as a maximum.
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 56-57
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Tolerance for product grades Feature
Notes A
B
Bearing area w min. = s min. – IT 16 for width across flats 21 mm d
C Flange bolts see product standards
w min. = 0,95 s min. for width across flats 21 mm d
w max. = s actual
d
thread
c
diameter 3 and 4 5 and 6 8 to 14 16 to 36 over 36
max. 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,8 1
min. 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,2 0,3
Height of nuts . M
M 12 : h14
12
% M
. M
18 : h15
h17
18 : h16
Prevailing torque type nuts see product standards
Other features d e m
h14
h15
h16
h14
h15
h17
n
H14
H14
H15
w
h14
h14
h15
Tolerance for product grades Feature
Notes A
B
C
Slots
Hexagon sockets
n
tolerance*)
% 1
+ 0,20 + 0,06
.1 % 3
+ 0,31 + 0,06
.3 % 6
+ 0,37 + 0,07
tolerance
–
–
*) Tolera olerance nce field field C 13 for n % 1 C 14 for n . 1
)
s
)
0,7
EF8
0,9
JS9
1,3
K9
1,5 2
D9
D 11
4
–
–
D 10
2,5 D 10 10 3
*)
D 11 E 11
5 6 8
E 11
10
Tol oler eran ance ce fi fiel elds ds fo forr flat countersunk head screws, button head screws and socket head cap screw of property class 12.9, and socket set screws only. **)) Fo ** Forr all all oth other er pro pro-ducts. e min. 1,14 s min. (values see product standards)
E 12
12 14 .14
D 12
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 58-59
All rights reserved
Tolerance for product grades Feature
Notes A
B
C
s
tolerance
Width across flats s % 30 . 30
tolerance h13 h14
. 30 % 18 . 18 % 60 . 60 % 180 . 180 % 30
h14 h14 h15 h15 h16 h17 h1 7
Width across corners min. ^ 1,13 s min. e min. ^ 1,12 s min. for flanged bolts and screws and other cold forged heads without trimming operation e
Head height tolerance
k
js14 js14
Head diameter
Head height
Head diameter
js15 js15
h13 *)
h14 **)
% M
5 : h13 . M 5 : h14 h14
h14
h14
, 10
js16
^ 10
js17 –
1
) For flang flanged ed hexag hexagon on bolts and screws k is defined only as a maximum.
*)
± IT 13 for knurled heads **) ± IT 14 for for knur knurle led d heads
–
– Tapping screws are product grade B
Head height
% M
5 : h13 . M 5 : h14
1
h14
–
)
For flflat he head sc screws k is definied only as a maximum.
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
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T 59
Tolerance t Feature
Tolerance t based on dimension
for product grades A
B
C
Coaxiality: head to shank / thread
Notes
Tapping screws are product grade A
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 15
s
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 15
d
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 15
*) The datum datum feat feature ure must not be partly shank partly thread. If necessary the datum feature d should be displaced at sufficient distance (max. 3P ) from the head of the screw (to avoid thread run-out X).
k
Coaxiality: shank to thread
d
*)
See above
**)) Or le ** leng ngth th of th the e GO-gange of tolerance class 6h 2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 13
–
–
d
Coaxiality: thread end to thread
Coaxiality: WAF to minor diameter
–
d
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 15
s
Tolerance t Feature
Tolerance t based of dimension
for product grades A
B
C
2 IT 13
–
–
Notes
Coaxiality: socket to shank / thread cross recess to shank / thread
d
Tapping screws are product grade A 2 IT 13
–
–
d
2 IT 12
–
–
d
2 IT 12
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
Symmetry: slot to shank
d
2 IT 12
2 IT 13
2 IT 12
–
2 IT 14
–
d
Tapping screws are product grade A
d
copyright 1998 Maryland Metrics
T 60-61
All rights reserved
P.O.Box 261
Owings Mills, MD 211 21117 17 USA
(410)358-3130 (800)638-1830 Faxes: (410)358-3142 (800)872-9329 http://mdmetric.com [email protected] TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA
Tolerance t Feature
for product grades
Tolerance t based on dimension
A
B
C
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 15
d
2 IT 13
2 IT 14
2 IT 15
d
Symmetry: splint hole to shank
Symmetry: slot to minor diameter
Notes
Tolerance t **) Feature
for product grades A
B
Notes C
Perpendicularity: bearing face to shank / thread
d
1,6
0,05
2 –
0,10 0,1 0
2,5 3 3,5 4 5
0,15
Perpendicularity:
0,30
6
0,18
0,36
7 8
0,24
0,48
10
0,27
0,54
12
0,31
0,62
14
0,34
0,68
16
0,38
0,76
18
0,42
0,84
20
0,45
0,90
22
0,50
1,00
24
0,57
1,14
27
0,64
1,28
30
0,70
1,40
33
0,77
1,54
36
0,84
1,68
39
0,45
0,90
42
0,49
0,98
45
0,52
1,04
48
0,56
1,12
52
Measuring circle: 0,8 x width across flats or 0,8 x head diameter *) se see e pa page ge 54 **)Tolerance t calculated from an angle of 1° for product grades A and B and 2° for product grade C up to d = 39 mm and 30° or 1° respectively for sizes over 39 mm (in accordance with common practice).
0,08
ST 2,2
0,16
ST 2,9
0,16 0,16 0,30 0,3 0
ST 3,5 ST 4,2 **)Tolerance for t calculated as ST 4,8
0,30 0,3 0
ST 5,5
0,30 0,3 0
ST 6,3
0,34
ST 8
0,42
ST 9,5
follows t 1,2 d × tan 2°
