Mobile Communication Systems
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Communication
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ΔϴΑήόϟήμϣΔϳέϮϬϤΟ
Email : [email protected]
Tel : +2 / 050 / 6771551
&
Mobile : +2 / 0109833045
Mobile communication systems
Chapter 1 : Introduction To Communication Systems
Chapter 2 : Cellular Network Structure
Chapter 3 : Modern Wireless Communication Systems
C ha p t e r
1
Introduction To Communication
Systems
Introduction
History of Mobile Communications
Ñ__¾f³¾.
Ñ»³ÃNA PÛBvMáA cÌiBM .
Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication ¼_ÌBIËA Ñ¿£ÂC iË_ðM .3
Cellular Principle ΔϴϠΨϟΪΒϣ
Mobile Radio-telephony in U.S ΎϜϳήϣϰϓϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΔϤψϧ
Mobile Radio System Around The World ϢϟΎόϟϝϮΣϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΔϤψϧ
ÑÌËÌeAjºA ½BmiáA À£Ãº ÁB_§ºA °ÍÃvNºA .
Simplex Communication Systems ΔτϴδΑϝΎγέ·Ϣψϧ
Half Duplex Communication System ΔΟϭΩΰϣϒμϧϝΎγέ·Ϣψϧ
Full Duplex Communication System ΔΟϭΩΰϣϝΎγέ·Ϣψϧ
5. Comparison of Common Wireless Communication Systems
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ϱάѧϟϭϝΎμѧΗϹΕϭΩϝΎϜѧηΪѧΣϮѧϫϝϮѧΠϟϒΗΎѧϬϟϭϝϮѧϤΤϤϟϒΗΎѧϬϟϭϱϮѧϠΨϟϒΗΎѧϬϟϭϝΎ˷ϘϨϟϒΗΎϬϟ
ΓΰѧѧϬΟέϮѧѧτΗϊѧѧϣΔѧ ϨϴόϣΔΣΎδѧѧϣϦϤѧѧοΔѧѧϋίϮϤϟΚѧѧΒϟΝήѧѧΑϦѧѧϣΔϜΒѧѧηϖѧѧϳήσϦѧѧϋϲϜϠѧѧγϼϟϝΎμѧѧΗϹϰѧѧϠϋΪѧѧϤΘόϳ
ϲѧϔϛήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛΓΰϬΟ΄ѧϛϡΪΨΘδѧΗΖΤΒѧλΚѧϴΤΑϲΗϮѧλϝΎμѧΗΔϠϴѧγϭΩήѧΠϣϦѧϣήѧΜϛΓΰѧϬΟϷΖΤΒѧλϝΎѧϘϨϟϒΗΎϬϟ
ϭ˯ΎѧѧѧѧϘϧβϔϨѧѧѧѧΑήϳϮμѧѧѧѧΘϟΎѧѧѧѧϬϨϜϤϳΓΪѧѧѧѧϳΪΠϟΓΰѧѧѧѧϬΟϷϭΖѧѧѧѧϧήΘϧϻϔμѧѧѧѧΗϭϲΗϮμѧѧѧѧϟΪѧѧѧѧϳήΒϟϝΎΒϘΘѧѧѧѧγϭΪѧѧѧѧϴϋϮϤϠϟ
ϲϠϐθѧϣϦϴѧΑΪϳΪθѧϟβϓΎѧϨΘϟΐΒδѧΑϭϚϟάϛϥϼϋϹϞΎγϭΪΣΔϟΎϘϨϟϒΗϮϬϟΖΤΒλΎϤϛΔϴϤϗήϟΕήϴϣΎϜϟΡϮοϭ
ϥ΄ѧѧѧϓάѧѧѧϟϊѧ ѧϤΘΠϤϟΕΎѧѧѧΌϓϊѧѧѧϴϤΟϝϭΎѧѧѧϨΘϣϲѧѧѧϓΕΎѧѧѧϴτόϤϟϝΩΎѧѧѧΒΗϭΕΎѧѧѧϤϟΎϜϤϟΔѧѧѧϔϠϜΗΖΤΒѧѧѧλϝΎѧѧѧϘϨϟϒΗΎѧѧѧϬϟΓΰѧѧѧϬΟ
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ΎѧѧѧϬϨϜϟϭϲѧѧγΰΟϮϴϨΑΎѧѧϬϠϤόϣϲѧѧϓΏέΎѧѧΠΘϟΰϴΟϮѧѧѧϟϮϨϜΗΖѧѧγϮϟΔϛήѧѧηΕΪѧѧѧΑΎϣΪѧѧϨϋ ϡΎѧѧϋϲѧѧѧϟ·ϪѧѧΨϳέΎΗΩϮѧѧόϳϭ
ΔϛήѧѧηϲѧѧϓΚѧѧΣΎΒϟήΑϮѧѧϛϦΗέΎѧѧϣϲѧѧϜϳήϣϷϮѧѧϫίΎѧѧΠϧϹάѧѧϫΐΣΎѧѧλϥΎѧѧϛϞѧѧΑϝϮѧѧϤΤϣϥϮѧѧϔϴϠΗϝϭΔΒΣΎѧѧλϦѧѧϜΗϢѧѧϟ
ϡΎϋϞϳήΑϲϓϪΑΔϤϟΎϜϣϝϭϱήΟΚϴΣϮϏΎϜϴηϲϓΕϻΎμΗϼϟϻϭέϮΗϮϣ
ΕέΎѧѧѧѧη·ϖѧѧѧϳήσϦѧѧѧϋϝΎѧѧѧѧγέ·ϭϝΎΒϘΘѧѧѧγΓήѧѧѧΩϦѧѧѧѧϋΓέΎѧѧѧΒϋϮѧѧѧϫϭϝϮѧѧѧѧΠϟϭϞѧѧѧϳΎΑϮϤϟ ϝϮѧѧѧϤΤϤϟϒΗΎѧѧѧϬϟ
ϪΗΎϜΒѧѧѧηϭϞѧѧѧϳΎΑϮϤϟϦѧѧѧϜϟϮѧѧѧϳΩήϟΕέΎѧѧѧη·ϞѧѧѧΜϣΎѧѧѧϣΎϤΗΔϴΎπѧѧѧϓΎѧѧѧϬϨϣϭΔϴѧѧѧοέϝΎѧѧѧγέ·ΕΎѧѧѧτΤϣήѧѧѧΒϋϪѧѧѧΑάΑΫ
ϞμѧѧѧΗΪѧѧѧΟΔѧѧѧϳϮϗϰѧѧѧϫϭϲϟίΎѧѧѧϨΗϭϱΪϋΎμѧѧѧΗΐѧѧѧϠϘϟϢѧѧѧγέΕέΎѧѧѧη·ϞѧѧѧΜϣΔѧѧѧϴΑάΑΫΔΗέΎѧѧѧηϭϢϬϨѧѧѧϋϒѧѧѧϠΘΨϳΔϴѧѧѧοέϷ
ΔѧѧϠϣΎϜΘϣΓήѧѧѧΩϖѧѧѧϳήσϦѧѧѧϋϥϮѧѧϜΘϓϝΎμѧѧѧΗϻΔѧѧѧϘϳήσϦѧѧѧϋΎѧѧѧϣΓΪѧѧΣϮϟΔѧѧѧϴϧΎΜϟϰѧѧѧϓϻΎΒϘΘѧѧѧγϭϻΎѧѧѧγέ·MHZϰѧѧϟ
SIM
CARD ςѧѧѧѧѧΨϟϭΔϛήθѧѧѧѧѧϟΎΑιΎѧѧѧѧѧΨϟϰδѧѧѧѧѧϴήϟζΘϳϮδѧѧѧѧѧϟϭϲμѧѧѧѧѧΨθϟϝϮѧѧѧѧѧϤΤϤϟϰѧѧѧѧѧϓϦѧѧѧѧѧϤϜΗ
ΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΑΎѧѧϬΑϥΰѧѧΨΗΔѧѧΠϟΎόϣΓΪѧѧΣϭϭΔѧѧϘϴϗΩϭΪѧѧΟΓήϴϐѧѧλϦϳΰѧΨΗΓΪѧѧΣϭΎѧѧϬΑΓήϴϐѧѧλΔѧѧϗΎτΑϦѧѧϋΓέΎѧѧΒϋ ΕέΎѧѧϛϢϴδѧѧϟϭ
ϦѧѧѧѧϣϥϮѧѧѧѧѧϜΘϴϓϝϮѧѧѧѧѧϤΤϤϟιϮѧѧѧѧѧΧϦѧѧѧѧѧϋΎѧѧѧѧѧϣ·ϦϳήΧϵΎѧѧѧѧѧΑϝΎμѧѧѧѧѧΗϼϟϪϣΪΨΘѧѧѧѧѧγΎΑϡϮѧѧѧѧѧϘϳϯάѧѧѧѧѧϟΪѧѧѧѧѧϳήϟϭϡΪΨΘδѧѧѧѧѧϤϟ
Δѧ ѧѧΑΎΘϛϦѧѧѧѧϜϤϳϭΕΎѧѧѧѧϣϮϠόϤϟϦϳΰѧѧѧѧΨΘϟεϼѧѧѧѧϓϭΔѧѧѧѧϣέϭΔѧѧѧѧϴϋήϓϭΔѧѧѧѧϳΰϛήϣΔѧѧѧѧΠϟΎόϣΓΪѧѧѧѧΣϭϭϝΎѧѧѧѧγέ·ϭϝΎΒϘΘѧѧѧѧγΓήѧѧѧѧΩ
ϰϫϭϝϮϤΤϤϟιϮΨΑωΎΘϤΘγϻϭΓήϴμϘϟϞΎγήϟ
ΔϘϴϗΩΕήϴϣΎϜΑΓΩϭΰϤϟdct4ΓΰϬΟϷϦϣΪϳΪΠϟϞϴΠϟϖϳήσϦϋϢϬΘϴϭέϭϦϳήΧϵΎΑϝΎμΗϻ
ϢϟΎόϟϰϓϥΎϜϣϯϻΓήϴμϘϟϞΎγήϟϝΎγέ·ϦϜϤϳ
ΔΜϳΪΤϟΎϓΎΠϟΏΎόϟάϛϭΏΎόϟϷΎΑΔϴϠδΘϟ
ϞΠδѧѧϣϭϮѧѧϳΩήϟϰѧѧϟωΎΘϤΘѧѧγϻάѧѧϛϭwav . mp3ΔѧѧϔϠΘΨϣΕΩΪѧѧΘϣΎΑϰϧΎѧѧϏϻϭϯήѧѧΛϰѧѧΑϡϻϰѧѧϟωΎΘϤΘѧѧγϻ
ΖϧήΘϧϻρϮτΧήΒϋϭΓΰϬΟϷϦϴΑΔϛήΘθϤϟΏΎόϟϷϦϣΎϫήϴϏϭΕΎϴΗϮμϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
History of Mobile Communications
Ñ»³ÃNA PÛBvMáA cÌiBM .
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ŗºſťƃŒƇƆŗƒƃœŵŗŞŧťŕƍƒťŒŧƇƂƃƍƍƒťŒŧƃŒŨœƌŞƊƄƆŵƑżƊŕŬƒŨœƌŞƍƋ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŨœƌŞƇŊŻŧŶřƇŊūƋťƆƃŒƇƆ
ŗƒƂƄºŪƚƃŒŘƙœŮºřƙŒƍƑºż¾ŕƅœƋŒŧŞŧťƈŪƂƃŒƅƃœŶƃŒŗűŪŒƍŕƐťœŶƃŒƇƍŽƄřƃŒųŧřŤŊťƒƀŶřƃŒƍ
ŧƒťŞƃŒƇƆƍ ƑżƚŪřƐƙƍƂƒƈƅƃœŶƃŒŗűŪŒƍŕųŧřŤŒƐŦƃŒƍƒťŒŧƃŒŖŨƌŞŊŧƍűřƍųŒŧřŤƙŗރřƈŘŧƍűř
œŶƆƍƒťŒŧƃŒƍŻřœƌƃŒŖŧƂżŝƆťƈřƍťšřřƇŊƑŶƒŕűƃŒƇƆƊƈŊŧƂŦƃœŕ
ŗºƄƀƈřƆ ŖŨƌŞŋŕƑƂƄŪƚƃŒ ¾œŮřƙŒ Əƃō ŒƍŞœřšŒƇƒŦƃŒ ŭœŤŬƕŒ ƇœƂŘƙŒƍŞƃŒųŒŧřŤŒ¾ŕſ
Radio ƍºƒťŒŧƃŒŘœºƈƍŽƄřŒƍƆťŤřºŪŒĹƚśºƆŘŒŧœƒŪºƃŒƑƀőœŪºƂƅƌƄƆŵŗŶƒŕűƃŗރřƈ
¾œºŪŧōŗºűšƆƎƍŪťŞƍƒƇƂƒƅƃŘœƈƍŽƒƄřƃŒƇƆŗƆŲƈƕŒƉŦƋƑżTelephones
œºƆƆƅŒťŤřºŪƚƃŗºšœřƆűƀż¾œŮřŒŖœƈſƍ Antenna ŗƈƒťƆƃŒƏżŗƒŨƂŧƆŖťšŒƍ
ŧřƆƍºƄƒƂóŗżœŪƆƏűźƒƃƎƍſ¾œŪŧōŨœƌŞƏƄŵŖŨƌŞƕŒƁƄřƎƍřšřƇŊŔŞƍŊ
ƇŒŚƒšƍƒťŒŧƃŒŘœƈƍŽƄřƅŒťŤřŪŒƅƌƈƂƆƒŭœŤŬƕŒƇƆťƍťšƆťťŵƇŊƏƈŶƒŒŦƋƍ
ŗƒżœƂŧƒŹƅŒťŤřŪƚƃŖŧżƍřƆƃŒŘŒƍƈƀƃŒťťŵ
œºƒƚŤƏºƃōƅŪºƀřŗƈƒťƆƃŒƇŎż¾ŒƍŞƃŒƇƍŽƄřƅœŲƈƑżœƆŊƍƒťŒŧƃŒŘœƈƍŽƄřƃŗŕŪƈƃœŕŒŦƋ
ƇºƂƆƒŗºƀƒŧűƃŒƉŦºƌŕƍ Antenna ¾œŪŧōŗűšƆťŞƍƒŗƒƄŤ¾ƂƑżƍcells ŖŧƒźŮ
ƅƌƈºƂƆƒťŒŧºżƕŒƇºƆƇƒºƒƚƆƃŒƇŎżƑƃœřƃœŕƍŗƈƒťƆƃŒ¾ƂƏƄŵťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪŒŖťœŵō
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑż¾ŒƍŞƃŒƅŒťŤřŪŒ
Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication ¼_ÌBIËA Ñ¿£ÂC iË_ðM .3
ŧºƌŲż ŗƒƃœŶƃŒŇœŰƍŰƃŒ¾ƒťŶřƃŒŒŦƋŔƒŶƒƇƂƃƍ AM ƅťŤřŪřŘƈœƂƍ ƅœŵƏżŗƒƂƄŪƚƃŒ ŗƆŲƈƕŒ ŘŧƌŲ
ŖŧºƂżŘŧƌŲƁƃŦťŶŕƅś ƅœŵƏżDigital ModulationƅťŤřŪŒƁƃŦťŶŕƅś ƅœŵƏżFMƁƃŦťŶŕ
ƐƍƄŤƃŒƅœŲƈƃŒ
Cellular Principle ŗƒƄŤƃŒŊťŕƆ.1
ŘŒťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪŒŖťœŵōœƒƚŤƃŒƉŦƋƏżƅřƒŖŧƒźŮœƒƚŤƏƃō Coverage Area ŗƒűźřƃŒžűœƈƆƅƒŪƀřƅřƒ
ƏºżƇƒƂŧřŬºƆƃŒťťŵŖťœƒŨƎŊŗƂŕŬƃŒŗŶŪŖťœƒŨƁƃŦťőŒƍżƇƆƍŖťƍťšƆŗšœřƆƃŒ Channels ŘŒƍƈƀƃŒƇƕ
ƅœŲƈƃŒťƒƀŶřƍ¾ŤŒťřƃŒŗƒƃœƆřšŒŖťœƒŨƊŕƒŶƒƇƂƃƍŗƂŕŬƃŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
Cellular System
ƍºƋŒŦƋƍƐƍƄŤƃŒ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƐŊCell PhoneŗƒŨƒƄŞƈƙœŕŘƙŒƍŞƃŒŗƒƆŪřƏƃōƎťŊCellsœƒƚŤƏƃōŗƈƒťƆƃŒƅƒŪƀř
ƅƃœŶƃŒƑżƇœƂƆƐŊƇƆŚťšřƃŒŗƒƄŕœſƏƄŵŘƙƙťƑƌż¾ŒƍŞƃŒƍ¾ƍƆšƆƃŒŗƆƄƂœƆŊŗƒƆŪřƃŒƑżũœŪƕŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
Mobile Radio-telephony in U.S œƂƒŧƆŊƏż¾ƒœŕƍƆƃŒŗƆŲƈŊ .2
North America Generations
Mobile Radio System Around The WorldƅƃœŶƃŒ¾ƍš¾ƒœŕƍƆƃŒŗƆŲƈŊ.3
European Generations
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
Japan Generations
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ÑÌËÌeAjºA ½BmiáA À£Ãº ÁB_§ºA °ÍÃvNºA .
ƑƄƒœƆƂŗƒƍƒťŒŧƃŒ¾œŪŧƗŒƅŲƈŻƒƈŮřƇƂƆƒ
Simplex Communication Systems ŗűƒŪŕ¾œŪŧōƅŲƈ.1
ƇºŵŖŧœºŕŵ¾œŮºřƙŒŗƂŕŬ ƇƍƂř .. ĹœŶƆ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ¾œŪŧƙŒƇƂƆƒƙƁƃŦƃƍ .. ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ¾œŪŧƘƃťšŒƍťťŧř
¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ ¾œŪŧƘƃťšŒƍťťŧřƏƄŵŗŽƃŌƆŖŨƌŞƕŒŴƒƆŞƇƍƂřƍĹŒŨœƌŞ ¾ƆšƒƅƌƈƆ¾ƂŭœŤŬƕŒƇƆŗŵƍƆŞƆ
Śťšřƒƍ ¾œŪŧƗŒşœřŽƆűźŰŕƅƍƀƒŚťšřƃœŕťšŊŔŹŧƒœƆťƈŵųœƆřŪŒ ŗƒŶŰƍŕƇƍƄƆŶƒŇœŰŵƕŒŴƒƆŞƇƍƂƒ
ƇšŬºƃŒŘŒŧœƒºŪ ŗƄżœſ¾śƆŖŧƒśƂŘœƀƒŕűřƑżŗƃœŶżƑƋƍŗűƒŪŕŗƂŕŬƃŒ ƉŦƋ .. ¾ƍƀƒœƆƃƇƍŶƆřŪƒŴƒƆŞƃŒœƆƈƒŕ
ƇƒƀőœŪƃŒ ƇƆĹœƒŊƇŊœƆƂŴƒƆŞƃŒƊƃŴƆřŪƒżƁƃŦƏƃōœƆƍŻſƍřƃŒ ƍŧƒŪƆƃœŕŖťœŵƉŧƆŒƍŊƑűŶƒťőœſƁœƈƋƇŊŚƒš
žƚűƗŒƏƄŵ ŗƒŧŪƙƇŊœƌŕƍƒŵƇƆĹœŶŕű .. ƊƒťƃŗƄƂŬƆƇŵĹƚśƆ ƅƌƆƄŶƒƃƇƒŧŤƓŒƍťőœƀƃŒƏƃōŗƃœŪŧƊƒŞƍřƊƈƂƆƒ
ŘºƃŒŨ œºƆƑƌżƁƃŦƇƆƅŹŧƃŒƏƄŵƇƂƃƍ . ťšŒƍƇňƑżŭœŤŬŊ ŖťŵŚťšřƒƇŊƇƂƆƒƙƊƈŊœƆƂŗƂŕŬƃŒƉŦƋƑż
ŴƒƆŞƃŒŴƆřŪƒƇŊŔƍƄűƆƃŒœƌƒżƇƍƂƒŘœƀƒŕűřƃŒƇƆŧƒśƂƃŒ ƁœƈƋƇŊœƆƂŗƒšœƈƇƆœƌřűœŪŕŔŕŪŕƅŒťŤřŪƙŒŗŶŪŒƍ
. ŗűŧŬƃŒƍŻœŶŪƗŒƍ ŐżœűƆƃŒŗƂŕŬ¾śƆ¾ŮŒƍřƏƄŵĹœƆőŒťŒƍƈƍƂƒƇŊƍŇŒťƈƄƃ
Half Duplex Communication System ŗŞƍťŨƆŻŮƈ¾œŪŧōƅŲƈ.2
ũƒºƃƇºƂƃƍ Channel ŖœƈƀƃŒũŽƈƏƄŵ ƐťœŶƃŒ ŻřœƌƃŒ¾śƆ ťšŒƍƇʼnŕ¾ŕƀřŪƒƍŭŤŬƃŒ¾ŪŧƒƇŊœƈƋƇƂƆƒ
¾œŕƀřŪŒ ƍ¾œŪŧōŴŰƍƇƒŕ¾ťŕƒşœřŽƆƃŖŧƍŧŰƙƍ ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƏż
ƇŒœºƆōƁŧřŬƆƃŒŴƒűřŪƒŘſƍƎŒƏżƊƈŒƏƈŶƒŒŦƌż¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ¾œŪŧƘƃŖťšŒƍŖœƈſƅťŤřŪřŗƆŲƈƕŒƉŦƋƇŊŚƒšƍ
ũƒƃƍŕƃŒŘœƒżŧűƁƃŦ¾œśƆƍ Push to Talk ƅƚƂƄƃŴżťƃŒ¾śƆťƍƒƀƃœżŗƆƍƄŶƆƃŒ¾ŕƀřŪƒƍŒ¾Ūŧƒ
Full Duplex Communication System ŗŞƍťŨƆ¾œŪŧōƅŲƈ.3
ũºŽƈƏºƄŵťšŒƍƇʼnŕ¾ŕƀřŪƒƍŭŤŬƃŒ¾ŪŧƒƇŊœƈƋƇƂƆƒ ¾œŕƀřŪƚƃŧŤƓŒƍ¾œŪŧƘƃƅťŤřŪƒťšŒƍƇŒťťŧř
ƇœŶƒűřŪºƒűƀżƇƒŨœƌŞƇƆƙōŗƂŕŬƃŒƉŦƋ ƇƍƂřřƇŊƇƂƆƒƙœƈƋƇƂƃƍŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƏżƍ Channel ŖœƈƀƃŒ
¾œºŪŧƗŒťťŧřƍ ŨœƌŞƄƃ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒ ťťŧřũŽƈƍƋŨœƌŞƄƃ¾œŪŧƗŒťťŧř ƇŊŚƒšœƆƌƈƒŕ œƆƒż¾œŮřƙŒ¾ťœŕř
ťƍŮºƀƆŧºƒźƃŒóŘƈŮřƄƃŗŰŧŵœƌƈŊŖŨƌŞƕŒƉŦƋ ŔƍƒŵƅƋŊƇƆ ŨœƌŞƄƃ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒťťŧř ũŽƈƍƋŨœƌŞƄƃ
ƉŦºƋƎťºƆŖťœƒŨƇŎżƑƃœřƃœŕƍ .. ŗƀűƈƆƃŒ ũŽƈŕƇŒŧƒŞƃŒťƈŵŖťŞŒƍřƆƃŒŗƌŕœŬƆƃŒŖŨƌŞƕŒŴƆ¾ŤŒťřř œƌƈŊŚƒš
¾œºŪŧōŖƍºſƍŗƒƃœŵŘœƒőŒƍƋŔƄűřƒƎťƆƃŒŖťœƒŨ ƇŊœƆƂ .. ŗƄśœƆƆƃŒŖŨƌŞƕŒŴƆ¾ŤŒťřƃŒ¾œƆřšŒƇƆ ťƒŨƒŖŨƌŞƕŒ
ŒŧƒźŮƍĹœƒŮŤŬƇƍƂƒƇŊůŧřŽƒþ¾ƍƆšƆ ŨœƌŞƃƑƄƆŵŧƒŹĹœŶŕűŒŦƋƍŖťťŶřƆŘœƒŧœűŕƑƃœřƃœŕƍ ŖŧƒŕƂ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
5. Comparison of Common Wireless Communication Systems
ůºŶŕŴºƆ¾ŒƍºŞƃŒŗƈŧœƀƆŕ ƅƍƀƈŻƍŪ¾ŒƍŞƃŒ¾ƆŵŖŧƂŽƃžƒſťƅƌŽƃƍ
ƅºŪœŕŻŧŶƒœƆƃŧœŮřŤŒƍƋƍƍCB radioŨœƌ޾śƆŗƒƂƄŪƚƃŒŖŨƌŞƕŒ
ƏºƄŵŧśƂŊŻŧŶřƄƃƍ City Band Radio ŗƈƒťƆƃŒŗŞƍƆƍƒťŒŧŨœƌŞ
ƏºººƄŵƑƃœºººřƃŒŴºººſƍƆƃŒƏºººƄŵŴºººƄűŒŨœºººƌŞƃŒŒŦºººƋ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cb_radioŘƈŧřƈƙŒ
CB Radio
ŨœºƌŞƍŊƍºƋƍœºƈƃŧºśƂŊŻƍŧºŶƆŧŤŊŨœƌŞŕ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƇŧœƀƈŻƍŪœƆƂ
ťŞřºŪƍ¾œŕƀřºŪŒƍ¾œŪŧŒƍƒťŒŧƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶƒŨœƌŞƍƋƍwalkie-talkie
ŘºƈŧřƈƗŒŗƂŕºŬƏºƄŵƑƃœºřƃŒŴºſƍƆƃŒƏºƄŵŨœºƌŞƃŒŒŦºƋƇŵťƒŨƆƃŒ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkie-talkie
Walkie-Talkie
ƑƋ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŨœƌŞƍ Walkie-TalkieƍCB radiosƐŨœƌŞƇƒŕŗƈŧœƀƆƃŒŧŮœƈŵ
Duplex¾œŮřƙŒŗƀƒŧű
ChannelsŘŒƍƈƀƃŒ
RangeƎťƆƃŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
CB ŖŨƌŞŊƑżƇŊŚƒšhalf-duplexŘŒŦŖŨƌŞŊƇŒŧŕřŶƒ Walkie-TalkieƍCB radiosƐŨœƌŞƇƆƖƂ
ŴƆřŪƒŧŤƕŒƍŚťšřƃŒŴƒűřŪƒűƀżťšŒƍŭŤŬƇŎżŒŦƃťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪœŕƇƒŮŤŬƇƒŕ¾œŮřƙŒƅřƒRadio
œƆƆųœƆřŪƚƃŻƄřŤƆ ŧŤň ťťŧřƍŚƒťšƄƃŭŮŤƆťťŧřƁœƈƋƇŊƑƈŶƒŒŦƋƍ full-duplex ƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶƒż¾ŒƍŞƃŒœƆŊ
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑżŚťšřƃŒœƆƌƈƂƆƒƇƒŮŤŬƃŒƖƂƇŊƑƈŶƒ
ƇƂƃƍ¾œŮřƚƃŖœƈſťŞƍƒCB radioŖŨƌŞŊƑżœƆƈƒŕ¾œŮřƚƃŖťšŒƍŖœƈſwalkie-talkieŖŨƌŞŊƑżťŞƍƒ
ŖœƈſƇƆŧśƂŊŴƆ¾ƆœŶřƒ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŖŨƌŞŊƑż
CB ŖŨºƌŞŊƍŘŒƍŖŧťſƅŒťŤřŪœŕŧřƆƍƄƒƂƏƃō¾ŮƒƎťƆƏűźřƇŊwalkie-talkieŖŨƌŞƕƇƂƆƒ
ƇƆºŰ¾ºƆŶř¾ŒƍºŞƃŒŖŨƌŞŊƍŧřƆƍƄƒƂƏƃō¾ŮƒœƋŒťƆƇŎżŘŒƍ Əƃō¾ŮřŧŕƂŊŖŧťſƏƄŵ¾ƆŶř radio
ƅŒťŤřºŪƙŒŇœƈśŊŧŤƕƇœƂƆƇƆŘƂŧšřœƆƄƂƎŧŤŊƏƃōŗƒƄŤƇƆ¾ƍšřřƇŊƇƂƆƒƍŗƈƒťƆƃŒœƌƃŘƆŪſƑřƃŒœƒƚŤƃŒ
ŘœőƆŧżœŪƆŘƈŊƍŭŤŬƐŊŴƆŚťšřƃŒŴŕűƃœŕƁƈƂƆƒƍĹŒťŞŧƒŕƂ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŨœƌŞƊƒż¾ƆŶƒƐŦƃŒƎťƆƃŒƇŊƏƈŶƒŒŦƋƍ
¾œŮřƙŒŴűƀƈƒƇŊƇƍťŘŒŧřƆƍƄƒƂƃŒ
œƆƋťšŊŚťšřƒŚƒš half-duplex ťšŒƍťťŧřƏƄŵ¾ƆŶƒƍƒťŒŧƅœŲƈœƆťŤřŪƒƇƒřƈšœŬƑƀőœŪƇƒŕ¾œŮřŒ
ŴƆřŪƒŧŤƕŒƍ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ŠƆŪƒœƆƆŗŽƄřŤƆŘŒťťŧřœƆťŤřŪƒƇƒśťšřƆƃŒƇƒŮŤŬƃŒƇŎżfull-duplexƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶřƑřƃŒƍƒťŒŧƃŒŖŨƌŞŊƑż
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑżŚťšřƃŒœƆƌƃ
first-¾ƍƕŒ¾ºƒŞƃŒ¾ŒƍŞœƒŞƍƃƍƈƂřŕƏƆŪřanalogƐŧŲœƈřƃŒƅœŲƈƃœŕ¾ƆŶřƑřƃŒŗƒƍƄŤƃŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒŗƆŲƈŊ ŗŲšƚƆ
ƅœºŲƈƃœŕŘºƄƆŵƑºřƃŒŗƒƍƄŤƃŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒƅœŲƈƍ1GŨƆŧƃœŕœƌƃŨƆŧƒƍgeneration mobile technology
ƐŊŻœŶºŰŒŗśƚśƑƃŒƍšŕƅŒťŤřŪƚƃŖŧżƍřƆƃŒŘŒƍƈƀƃŒťťŵŘťŒťŨŒŚƒš2GƑƈœśƃŒ¾ƒŞƃŒœŞƒƍƃƍƈƂřƏƆŪřƑƆſŧƃŒ
ƊºƃœƒŞŊƍ¾ŒƍŞƃŒœƒŞƍƃƍƈƂřŧƍűřşŧŬƈŻƍŪƍŖťšŒƍƃŒŗƒƄŤƄƃŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑż¾œŮřƚƃŖŧżƍřƆŖœƈſŠŕŮŊ
ĹœƀšƙTDMA, CDMA, GSMŘŒŧœŮřŤƙœŕŗżƍŧŶƆƃŒ
ÊÆ°´fÕ³:IÔ;oFÕ³Ê_¬³:ʸ»Ö:½¶:Ä:IÔ;oF:;Å:e·
ƍºƋœºƆŕ¾ºſŊŒŦºƋƍűƀżŘŒƍ3Əƃō 0.6 ƇƒŕœƆ¾ŮřŗŰŽŤƈƆŖŧťſ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƅťŤřŪƒ
ŗſœűŕ¾ƆŶř¾œŪŧƗŒŘœűšƆƇŊœƆƂŘŒƍ4ŖŧťƀƃŒŘƈœƂŚƒšCB radioƑżƅťŤřŪƆ
ťƒŨřƇƃ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƍ¾œŪŧƗŒŗűšƆƇƒŕŘŒťťŧřƄƃŗƒűźřƃŒŗƀűƈƆƇŊƑƈŶƒœƆƆœŰƒŊŗŰŽŤƈƆ
œºƒƚŤƑºżŘŒťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪŒŖťœŵō¾ŶރŒŦƋƍ¾ƂŬƃŒŗƒŪŒťŪƃŒŗƒƄŤƃŒŗšœŪƆƇŵ
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑżůŶŕƃŒƅƌŰŶŕŴƆŚťšřƃŒƅƌƈƂƆƒŗƒƄŤ¾ƂƃŭŤŬƐŊƇƂƆƆƎŧŤŊ
ŘŒťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪœŕ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
C ha p t e r
2
Cellular Network Structure
Cellular Network Structure
ÏË»A ÁB£Ã»º λ·ÍA ÔBÃJºA .
Mobile Station (MS)ŗƂŧºšřƆƃŒŗºűšƆƃŒ
The Mobile Equipment or Terminal 1.1.1
The The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) ŗšƒŧŬƃŒ 1.1.2
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS ) : ŗƒŪœŪƕŒŗűšƆƄƃƑŵŧŽƃŒƅœŲƈƃŒ
The Base Station Controller (BSC): ŗƒŵŧŽƃŒŘœűšƆƃŒŔſŒŧƆ
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) ŗƂŕŬƄƃƑŵŧŽƃŒƅœŲƈƃŒŗűšƆ
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)¾ƒœŕƍƆƃŒ ŘœƆƃœƂƆ ¾ƒƍšř ¾ƒťŕřŨƂŧƆ
The Gateway Mobile services Switching Center (GMSC) 1.3.2
Home Location Register (HLR): ƇűƍƆƃŒ ƑŪƒőŧƃŒŧºƀƆƃŒ¾ŞŪ
Visitor Location Register (VLR) :ŧŒƍŨƃŒŧºƀƆ¾ŞŪ
The Authentication Center (AUC)
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
:žƒśƍřƃŒŨƂŧƆ.
:ŖŨƌŞƕŒŻƒŧŶř¾ŞŪ
Mobile Telephone Switching Office(MTSO) 1.4
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
ÏË»A ÁB£Ã»º λ·ÍA ÔBÃJºA .
Cellular Network Structure
=#ÕÑqÑÙl#ØDoXF#¬LlF#J#ÀÐELÏ D#Õ»Mt#ÄÑq·P#È»#
The GSM network can be divided into four main parts:
The Mobile Station (MS).
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS).
The Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS).
ΔϴϔϴχϮϟΔϤψϧϷϦϣΩΪϋΎϬϨϣϞϛϯϮΤϳϭΔϜΒθϠϟϲγΎγϷϡΎψϨϟϦϣϰϋήϓϡΎψϧϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫΎϬϨϣϢδϗϞϛϭ
ϯήΧϷΔϴϋήϔϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Mobile Station (MS)ʯcXSG:ÊXø
:.1
ϝΎΒϘΘγϭϝΎγέ·ίΎϬΟϰϠϋϯϮΘΤϳϭΪϴϟϰϓϞϤΤϳϱάϟ ϝϮΠϟ ϝϮϤΤϤϟίΎϬΟϮϫϭ
A Mobile Station consists of two main elements:
The Mobile Equipment or Terminal. ϝϮΠϟ ϙήΤΘϤϟϒΗΎϬϟ
The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). ϪΤϳήθϟ ΔϴϛάϟΔϗΎτΒϟ
ϙήΘθϤϟΔϳϮϬΑϒϳήόΘϟΓΪΣϭ
1.1.1 The Mobile Equipment or Terminal
There are different types of terminals distinguished principally by
their power and application:
TYPE
Maximum output power
USAGE
FI XED
20 watt
Installed in vehicles
PORTABLE
8
watt
In military comm.
HANDSET
2
watt
Handheld
Table 2- Types of M T in GSM
1.1.2 The The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) :ΔΤϳήθϟ
The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
ϰѧϓΎѧϬΘϴΒΜΗϢΘѧϳήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛΓήϛΫϦϋΓέΎΒϋϰϫϭˬϙήΘθϤϟΔϳϮϬΑϒϳήόΗΓΪΣϭϯ
ΔѧѧϣίϼϟϒѧѧϳήόΘϟϡΎѧѧϗέϭϝΎμѧѧΗϼϟΔѧѧϣίϼϟΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϞѧѧϛϦϳΰѧѧΨΗϢΘѧѧϳϭϝϮѧѧΠϟ
ΖϠμѧΣϲѧΘϟΔϛήθѧϟϦѧϣΔϣΪϘϤϟ IMSI ϞΜϣ ϝϮΠϟΕΎϣΪΨϟϝϮΧΪϟΎΑΡΎϤδϠϟ
SIM ΔΤϳήηϰϠϋΎϬϨϣ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The SIM is a smart card that identifies the terminal. By inserting the SIM card into the
terminal, the user can have access to all the subscribed services. Without the SIM card, the
terminal is not operational. The SIM card is protected by a four-digit Personal Identification
Number (PIN). In order to identify the subscriber to the system, the SIM card contains some
parameters of the user such as its International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). Another
advantage of the SIM card is the mobility of the users. In fact, the only element that
personalizes a terminal is the SIM card. Therefore, the user can have access to its
subscribed services in any terminal using its SIM card.
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS ) :ÊÆf;fÖ:ÊøS¸´³Çc¨³:º;¼³:.2
ΎѧϣϮѧϫϭ ΕϻΎμΗΔϓήϏϪΒϧΎΠΑϭ BTS˰ΑϰϤδϳΎϣϮϫϭ ΕΎϴϮϫΝήΑϦϋΓέΎΒϋ
ϰѧϠϋΕϻΎμѧΗϻΔѧϓήϏϯϮѧΘΤΗϭήѧΜϛϭΪѧΣϭΔѧϴϠΧϞϛϡΪΨϳΚϴΣ BSC˰ΑϰϤδϳ
ϲϮϬϟϰϠϋΕΩΩήΘϟϊϳίϮΗϦϋΔϟϮΌδϤϟϰϫϭϝΪόϤϟ
ϭϪѧϴϠΨΑϰѧτϐϳϥϦѧϜϤϳνέϷ τѧγϰѧϠϋϥΎѧϜϣϯΔѧϴϠΧϡΪѧΨϳ BTS Ϟѧϛ
ϭϢѧϛΎѧΒϳήϘΗ BTS ϝΓΪѧΣϭΎѧϬϴτϐΗϥϊϴτΘδѧϳ ΔѧτϘϧΪѧόΑϥ·ΎѧϳϼΧΓΪѧϋ
ϥΪϤϟϲΣϮοϭϯήϘϟϞΜϣΔϤΣΩΰϣήϴϐϟΔϴΟέΎΨϟϦϛΎϣϷ ϲϓΓΩΎϋϥϮϜΗ
BTS ϰѧϟΝΎѧΘΤϧ Ϋ·ˬϪѧΟέΩΎϫέΪѧϗΔѧϳϭίϲѧτϐϳϲΟΫϮѧϤϨϟ BTS ˰ѧϟ
.ΔΟέΩΔϴτϐΘϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The Base Station Controller (BSC): ΔϴϋήϔϟΕΎτΤϤϟΐϗήϣ.2.1
ϮѧϳΩήϟϝΎμѧΗΩέϮѧϣήϳΪѧΗϲΘϟϲϫϭ … BTS˰ϟϦϣΔϋϮϤΠϣϰϓϢϜΤΘΗBCS˰ϟ
ΐѧΛϭ ΰѧϔϗϡΎѧψϧ ϭˬϮѧϳΩήϟΓΎѧϨϗΩΪѧϋ·ϊѧϣϞѧϣΎόΘΗ … BTS ΓΪѧϋϭΪѧΣϭ BTS ˰ѧϟ
ϞѧϳΎΑϮϤϟ˯Ύѧτϋ·ϰѧϨόϤΑϯήΧϷϪϴϠΧ ϦϣϢϴϠδΘϟϭ Frequency Hopping ΕΩΩήΘϟ
ˬ Handovers ˰ѧΑϰϤδѧϳΎѧϣϮѧϫϭϪѧόϗϮϣϭϪѧΘϴϠΧήѧϴϐϳ ΎϣΪѧϨϋΪѧϳΪΟΩΩήΗ ϝϮΠϟ
τѧγϰѧϠϋϞѧϘϨϟˬϊѧϗϮϤϟβѧϔϧϲѧϓ BTS ΓΪѧϋϭ BSC ΪѧΠΗϑϮѧγϥΎѧϴΣϷήѧΜϛϲѧϓ
.ΕΎϳΎϨΒϟ ϯΪΣ
The BSC controls a group of BTS and manages their radio
resources. A BSC is principally in charge of handovers, frequency
hopping, exchange functions and control of the radio frequency
power levels of the BTSs.
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) 3Ê°Ck´³Çc¨³:º;¼³:Êø.3
ϯήѧΧϷΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕΎϜΒθѧϟϊѧϣϭΔѧϣΎόϟΔϜΒθѧϟϊѧϣΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΔϜΒθѧϟϞμѧϳϱάϟϮϫϭˬΔϜΒθϠϟϞϘόϟ NSSήΒΘόϳ
ΔѧϣΪΧϭήϴΗϮѧϔϟΔϤψϧ ϪϴϓϦϤϜΗϭΎϬΟέΎΧϭΔϜΒθϟϞΧΩϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟΕΎϛήΤΗϊϣΔϜΒθϟϞϤϋϢψϨϳϱάϟϮϫϭ
ΦϟΎϬόϣϝΎμΗϻϖϴϘΤΗ ΩήϤϟΕΎϜΒθϟϰϟ·ϝΎμΗϻϪϴΟϮΗ
The different components of the NSS are described below.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)ϞϳΎΑϮϤϟ ΕΎϤϟΎϜϣ ϞϳϮΤΗ ϞϳΪΒΗΰϛήϣ.3.1
BSCs ˰ϟϦϣΔϋϮϤΠϣήϳΪϳϭϯήΧϢγΎϘϣϊϣϝΎμΗϻϢψϨϳϮϫϭέϮτΘϣϲϤϗέϲϔΗΎϫϢδϘϣϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫ
ϊϴϤΟήϓϮϳΰϛήϤϟϥϰϟ·ϪϓΎοϻΎΑΔϴϜϠδϟϒΗϮϬϟϡΎψϧϲϓ ΓΪΟϮΘϤϟϞΜϣΔϳΩΎϴΘϋϪϟΪΒϛϞϤόϳϭϪϟΔόΑΎΘϟ
: ϞΜϣ ϝϮΠϟ ϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΎϬΟΎΘΤϳϲΘϟϒΎχϮϟ
Registration ˰ϟΎΑϑήόϳΎϣϭΔϜΒθϟϊϣϞΠδϣϞϳΎΑϮϤϟ Ϟϫ
Authentication , ˰ϟΎΑϰϤδϳΎϣϭ ΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑϪϟΡήμϣϞϳΎΑϮϤϟϞϫ
Location Updating
˰ϟΎΑϑήόϳΎϣϭΔϜΒθϟϲϓ ϝϮΠϟ ϞϳΎΑϮϤϟϊϗϮϣΚϳΪΤΗ ΔϔϴχϭϡΪϘϳΎπϳ
ϝΎμΗϻ ϞϳϮΤΗϭϪϴΟϮΗΔϔϴχϭΎϨϟϡΪϘϳϭ HandOvers ˰ϟΎΑ ϑήόϳΎϣϭ BTS's ˰ϟϦϴΑϢϴϠδΘϟΔϴϠϤόΑϡϮϘϳϭ
Romaing subscriber ϦϴϟϮΠΘϤϟϦϴϛήΘθϤϠϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
ϭ PTSN ϲϜϠδϟϒΗϮϬϟϢδϘϣΔϜΒηϞΜϣΔΘΑΎΜϟΔϴϠΤϤϟ ΕΎϜΒθϟϊϣςΑήϟϭϝΎμΗϻΎϨϟϡΪϘϳ MSC ˰ϟ
.(ISDN ) ΔϠϣΎϜΘϤϟΕΎϣΪΨϠϟΔϴϤϗήϟΔϜΒθϟ
˰ϟΎΑϑήόϳΎϣ ϭϪόΒγϢϗέϱέΎηϻϡΎψϨϟϲϫΔϜΒθϟϲϓΕΎϣΪΨϟϩάϫϦϴΑ ΐσΎΨΘϟΔϐϟ
ϒΗΎϬϟϢδϘϤϛΔϴϜϠδϟΕΎϜΒθϟ ϲϓΎπϳϲϫϭ( Signaling System number 7: SS7)
. BSC's˰ϟϊϴϤΟϪϴϟΙΪΤΘΗϱάϟ ϡΎψϨϟϮϫΰϛήϤϟάϫ
The Gateway Mobile services Switching Center (GMSC) 1.3.2
A gateway is a node interconnecting two networks. The GMSC is the interface
between the mobile cellular network and the PSTN. It is in charge of routing
calls from the fixed network towards a GSM user. The GMSC is often
implemented in the same machines as the MSC.
ϦѧϋϝΆδѧϤϟϮѧϫϭ PSTN ΖѧΑΎΜϟϥϮѧϔϴϠΘϟΔϜΒѧηϭΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟϞѧϳΎΑϮϤϟΔϜΒѧηϦϴѧΑϞѧλϮϟΔѧτϘϧϦѧϋΓέΎѧΒϋϮѧϫ
βϜόϟϭϝϮϤΤϤϟϥϮϔϴϠΘϟϭϲοέϷϥϮϔϴϠΘϟϦϣΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϟϪϴΟϮΗ
Home Location Register (HLR): ϦσϮϤϟ ϲδϴήϟή˰ϘϤϟϞΠγ.3.3
ϲѧϓϢϜΤΘѧϟϦѧϣΔϜΒθϟϦϴϜϤΘϟϙήΘθϣϞϜϟΔλΎΨϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϪϴϓφϔΤΗϢΩϞΠγϭΕΎϧΎϴΑΓΪϋΎϗϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫϭ
ΔϜΒθѧϟϡΪΨΘѧγΎΑϡΪΨΘδѧϤϠϟΡΎϤδѧϠϟΔѧΑϮϠτϤϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϊϴϤΠϟϱΰϛήϣωΩϮΘδϣϮϬϓϙήΘθϤϠϟιΎΨϟϝΎμΗϻ
ϩάѧϫϰѧϟ·ΔϓΎѧοϹΎΑϙήΘθϤϠϟΔΣΎΘϤϟΔϤϤΘϤϟΕΎϣΪΨϟΎϬϴϓΎϤΑϙήΘηϻϞϴλΎϔΗΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϩάϫϦϤπΘΗΎϤϛ
ϲѧϓ Ϯѧϫ Ϟѧϫ MS ˰ѧϟΔѧϟΎΣ ϒμѧΗΎѧϤϛ ϙήΘθѧϤϠϟ ϑϭήѧόϣϊѧοϮϣήѧΧϒμѧΗΓήѧϴϐΘϣΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣΪΟϮΗΔΘΑΎΜϟΕΎϴτόϤϟ
ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ϝΎΒϘΘγϻ ΰϫΎΟ Ϯϫ Ϟϫ ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ϱήΠϳϞϫ ΔϣΪΨϟΝέΎΧ ϡΔϣΪΨϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
ϲѧΘϟϭ HLR ΕΎѧϴτόϤϟ ΓΪѧϋΎϗ ϰѧϟ·SIM˰ѧϟϲѧϓ ΓΩϮѧΟϮϤϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟ ξѧόΑϞѧγήΗΔѧϤϟΎϜϣ ϙήΘθѧϤϟϱήѧΠϳΎϣΪѧϨϋ
ϞΠδѧΗϭ έήϤΘѧγΎΑ ϙήΘθѧϤϟΩϮѧΟϭϥΎѧϜϣ Ϧѧϋ ΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟΩΪѧΠΘΗ ϭ ήѧΧϙήΘθѧϣ Ϧѧϋ ϩΰѧϴϤΗϭ ϙήΘθѧϤϟϰѧϠϋ ϑήѧόΘΗ
HLR˰ϟϲϓ ΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϟϞγήϳϱάϟϥϮϔϠΘϟ ΓΰϬΟ Ϣϗέ ϭ ϙήΘθϤϟϰϟ·ΔϬΟϮϤϟϞΎγήϟ
˯ΪѧΑ ΪϨϋ ΔϜΒθϟϡϮϘΗ ΚϴΣ ΔϜΒθϟϊϣ ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ˯ήΟΈΑΔϜΒθϟΪΒΗΎϣΪϨϋ ΔλΎΧ ΓέϮμΑΓΪϴϔϣ ΔϴϜϴϣΎϨϳΪϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϥ·
Ϧϋ ϭ ΖϗϮϟ ϚϟΫ ϲϓ ϭ ϞϘϨΘϤϟϩίΎϬΟ ΔϟΎΣ ϭ ϙήΘθϤϠϟ ϑϭήόϣϊοϮϣήΧϦϋ ϦϴΒ˰ΘΘϟ HLR ˰ϟΏϮΠΘγΎΑ ΔϤϟΎϜϤϟ
ΏϮϠτϤϟϡΪΨΘδϤϟϊϗϮϣ ΪϳΪΤΗϭ ΔϤϟΎϜϤϟέΎδϣ ΪϳΪΤΗϢΘϳΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟ ϩάϫ ϖϳήσ
ϥΰѧΨϳ ϙήΘθѧϤϟϰϠϋ ϑήόΘϟΎΑΔϜΒθϠϟϤδϳΎϤϣ ϙήΘθϤϠϟ ΐΣΎμϤϟϱήδϟήϴϔθΘϟ ΡΎΘϔϣ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳ HLR ˰ϟϥ·
HLR ΪѧΟϮϳ ΓΩΎѧόϟΎΑϭ Γήϔθѧϟϩάϫ Ϛϓ ϰϠϋ έΩΎϘϟΪϴΣϮϟϮϫ ϖϴΛϮΘϟΰϛήϣϥ ΚϴΣ ϱήγ ΰϣέ ϞϜηϰϠϋ ΡΎΘϔϤϟάϫ
ϲϓΎο·ϢϋΩ HLR ΩϮΟϭ ϦϜϤϳήϣϷϰπΘϗΫ·ϦϜϟϭ ΔϜΒθϟϲϓ ΪϴΣϭ
Visitor Location Register (VLR) :έϭΰϟή˰ϘϣϞΠγ.3.4
Δϳέϭήѧο ΔѧΒϗήϤϟϩάѧϫ ϥ ΚѧϴΣ ΔϜΒθѧϟήѧΒϋ ϦϴѧϠϘϨΘϤϟϦϴϛήΘθϤϟΎΑΔϘϠόΘϤϟΔΘϗΆϤϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϠϟ ϥΰΨϣ Ϧϋ ΓέΎΒϋ Ϯϫ
˰ѧϟ Ϫѧϴϓ ΪѧΟϮϳϥΎѧϜϣ Ϟѧϛ ϲѧϓ VLR ˰ѧϟΪѧΟϮΘϳ ϭ ΩϮѧΟϮϣ ΔѧϴϠΧ ϱϲѧϓ ϙ ήΘθѧϣ Ϟѧϛ ΩϮѧΟϭ ϥΎѧϜϣΔϜΒθϟΩΪΤΗ ϲϜϟ
ϥΎϛ ΫΎϤϴϓ ήψϨϟ ξϐΑϭ ΔΘϗΆϣ ΕϼΠδϟϩάϫ ϥϮϜΗϭϲϠΤϤϟ MSC ˰Ϡϟ ϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟϦϋ ΕϼΠγ ϚϠϤϳ ϭMSC
ϡϮѧϳϞϛΎϋΎΒΗ VLR ˰ϟϲϓ ΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϩάϫ ΙΪΤΗ ϭ ήΧ MSC ˰ϟ ϭϲϠΤϤϟ MSC ˰ϟβϔϨϟ ϊΑΎΗϡΪΨΘδϤϟάϫ
ΪѧΣΎѧϬΒϠσ ΔѧϤϟΎϜϣ ΊθѧϨΘϟ ϭΔѧϤϟΎϜϤϟϪѧϴΟϮΗϦѧϣ ϦϜϤΘѧΘϟ VLR ˰ѧϟϲѧϓ ΓΪѧΟϮΘϤϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϩάѧϬϟ ΔϜΒθϟΝΎΘΤΗϭ
ϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The Authentication Center (AUC)
:ϖϴΛϮΘϟΰϛήϣ.3.5
Ϧѧϋ Δϳήѧγ ΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣϥΰΨϳϮϬϓ ΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑϞϳΎΑϮϤϠϟϞϳϮΤΘϟΎΑήϣϭϷ ϲτόϳϱάϟΔϜΒθϠϟϦϣϷΰϛήϣϮϫάϫ
Ϧѧϣ ϦϴϛήΘθѧϤϟΔѧϳΎϤΣ ϢΘѧΗ ϚϟάѧΑϭ ΔѧϳϮϠΨϟΔϜΒθѧϟϰѧϟέϮΒόϟΎѧΑ ςѧϘϓ ΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϩάѧϫ ΐΣΎμѧϟ ϴѧΘϳ ΎѧϤϣ ϦϴϛήΘθѧϤϟ
ϝϼѧΧ Ϧѧϣ ϚѧϟΫ ϭ ήϴϔθѧΘϟϭ ϖѧϴΛϮΘϟΕΎѧϴϠϤϋ ϲѧϓ ϡΎѧϫ έϭΪѧΑ AUC ˰ѧϟϡϮѧϘϳ ΎѧϤϛϢϫΎΒδѧΤϟ ϲϟΎѧϴΘΣϻϡΪΨΘѧγϻ
SIM˰ϟϲϓ ΔϧΰΨϣ ϯήΧϭ ϪΑΔλΎΧ ΕΎϧΎϴΑ ΓΪϋΎϗ ϲϓ ΔϧΰΨϣ ΕΎϣϮϠόϣ
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
:ΓΰϬΟϷϒϳήόΗϞΠγ.3.6
ϲѧϓ ΔϠΠδѧϣ ήѧϴϏ ϭΔϗϭήδѧϣ ϲѧϫ ϞϫϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΓΰϬΟΔϴϋήηϦϣ Ϊϛ΄ΘϟϩέϭΩϥϮϜϳϭ ΔϴϨϣϷΔϔϴχϮϟϲϓ ϙέΎθϳϮϫ ϭ
ΓέΎѧΒϋϮѧϫϭˬϞѧϳΎΑϮϤϟίΎѧϬΠϟϒѧϳήόΘϟϡΎѧϗέ ϞѧϜϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣΓΪϋΎϗϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫ IMEIϖϳήσ Ϧϋ ϚϟΫϭ ΔϜΒθϟ
˰ѧΑϰϤδѧϳΎѧϣϮѧϫϭϪѧΑιΎѧΧϢѧϗέϪѧϟϢϟΎѧόϟϲѧϓ ίΎѧϬΟϞϛϭϪϟΔόϨμϤϟΔϛήθϟϞΒϗϦϣίΎϬΠϟϞΧΩϊοϮϳϢϗέ Ϧϋ
ϞΠδѧϟάѧϫϭ International Mobile Equipment Identity ϲϤϟΎѧόϟϙήѧΤΘϤϟίΎѧϬΟ ϒѧϳήόΗIMEI
ϢϮϗϭϡΎδϗΙϼΛϰϠϋϱϮΘΤϳ
ΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑΔΣήμϤϟ ΓΰϬΟϷϲϫϭ White list ˯ΎπϴΒϟΔϤΎϘϟ
ΔϗϭήδϤϟΓΰϬΟϷϞΜϣΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑΎϬϟΡήμϣήϴϐϟΓΰϬΟϷϲϫϭ Black List ˯ΩϮδϟΔϤΎϘϟ
έΎΒΘΧϻΖΤΗϥϮϜΗϲΘϟΓΰϬΟϷϲϫϭ Gray List ΔϳΩΎϣήϟ ΔϤΎϘϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Mobile Telephone Switching Office(MTSO) 1.4
ƉŦºƋťťºŵ¾Ůºƒťºſƍ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŻřŒƍƋƅťŤřŪřŗƈƒťƆ¾ƂƑżťŞƍř¾œŪŧƗŒŘœűšƆƇƆŧƒŕƂťťŵƇŎżŗƒœƌƈƃŒƑż
Mobile Telephone Switching Office ƅŪœŕŻŧŶřŘƚƒƍšřƄƃŗƒŨƂŧƆŗűšƆœƌŕƅƂšřƒƍŘœőƆƃœŕŘœűšƆƃŒ
¾ºƂűºŕŧƏƄŵœŰƒŊ¾ƆŶřƍ œƒƚŤƃŒ ŗƈƒťƆƃŒƑżŖŧŬřƈƆƃŒŘœűšƆƃŒƑżƅƂšřƃŒƏƄŵŗűšƆƃŒƉŦƋ¾ƆŶř(MTSO)
ƐťƒƄƀřƃŒ¾œŮřƙŒƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶřƑřƃŒŗƒŰŧƕŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒŴƆŗƃŒƍŞƃŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒƇƆŘƙœŮřƙŒ
ŗºűšƆƑºżŧřƍƒŕƆƂƇŵŖŧœŕŵƍƋƍ MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching OfficeŘƚƒƍšřƃŒŔřƂƆ
ŧºƆƕŒƑűŶƒƍƁƃŒƍŞƃ¾ŮřƑřƃŒŖŧœŬƗŒŖƍſũƒƀƒƍƊŕƀŶřƒƍ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƅœŲƈ¾ƂƑżƅƂšřƒƍ¾ŒƍŞƃœŕŗŮœŤƃŒ ¾œŪŧƗŒ
œºƒƚŤƃŒ¾ºƂƑºżŖťƍŞƍƆƃŒŗƒƍƀřƃŒŘœűšƆ¾ƂűŕŧƒƊƈŊœƆƂƍŖŧœŬƗŒŻŶŰřœƆťƈŵƎŧŤŊŗƒƄŤƏƃō¾œƀřƈƚƃ
ƁřœƆƃœƂƆƃŖŧƍřœŽƃŒŗƆƒſŔœŪšœŰƒŊƊƆœƌƆƇƆƍŗƒŨƂŧƆƃŒŗűšƆƃŗŶŕœřƃŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
C ha p t e r
Modern Wireless Communication
Systems
Introduction
Ñ__¾f³¾
First Generation 1G
½ÊÝA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
Second Generation 2G
ÎÂBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
Multiple AccessΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ϱΩΩήΘϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.
Time division multiple access (TDMA) ϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Code division multiple access (CDMA) ϱΩϮϜϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
ϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟΎϬΑϞϤόΗϲΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟ
Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)ΔϴϜϠγϼϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϤϟΎόϟϡΎψϨϟ
2.2.2 HSCSD : (High Speed Circuit Switched Data)
2.2.3 GPRS : (General Packet Radio Services)
2.2.4 EDGE : (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution)
3G SºBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
ΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟΎϬΑϞϤόΗϲΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟ
Tri-Mode ϲΛϼΜϟςϤϨϟϝϮΟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
ϊѧϣϞѧϣΎόΘϟϰѧϓΎϬϤϋΪѧϳϲѧΘϟΕΎѧϴϨϘΘϟϭϝϮѧΠϟϞѧϴΟϮѧϫΎѧϨϫΎΒΘϧΖѧϔϠϳΎѧϣϝϭϥΈѧϓΪϳΪΟϝϮΟϰϨΘϘϧϥϝϭΎΤϧΎϣΪϨϋ
ϲϧΎѧѧΜϟϞѧѧϴΠϟϭϝϭϷϞѧѧϴΠϟϦѧѧϣΕϻϮѧѧΟϙΎѧѧϨϬϓˬϢϟΎѧѧόϟ˯ΎѧѧΤϧ·ϊѧѧϴϤΟϰѧѧϓΓΪѧѧϤΘόϤϟΓΪѧѧϳΪόϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΔѧѧϤψϧϭΕΎϜΒѧѧη
ΔϜΒθϟϭϝϮΠϟϰϠϋΖϠΧΩϲΘϟΔϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϰϠϋΪϤΘόϳήΧϰϟ·ϞϴΟϦϣϝΎϘΘϧϻϭˬΚϟΎΜϟϭ
First Generation 1G ½ÊÝA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .1
˰ѧѧΑΖϴϤѧѧγϭ AnalogSystemϱήχΎѧѧϨΘϟϡΎѧѧψϨϟΎΑΔѧѧϟϮΠϟΕΎѧѧϧϮϔϠΘϟΕήѧѧϬχ ϡΎѧѧόϟϲѧѧϓ
ΕΎѧϧϮϔϠΘϟΔѧϤψϧϱAMPS˱έΎμѧΘΧΐѧΘϜΗϲѧΘϟϭAdvanced Mobile Phone System
ΎѧѧϣϝϭϭFCCΔѧѧϴϟϭΪϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΔδѧѧγΆϣϦѧѧϣΩΎѧѧϤΘϋϻϰѧѧϠϋΖϠμѧѧΣϲѧѧΘϟϭΓέϮѧѧτΘϤϟΔѧѧϟϮΠϟ
ϦϴѧΑΕΩΩήѧΘϟϦѧϣϯΪѧϣAMPSΕϻϮѧΟΖϣΪΨΘѧγΔѧϴϜϳήϣϷϮϏΎϜϴηΔϳϻϭϲϓΖϣΪΨΘγ
ΰΗήϴϫΎΠϴϣ ϭΰΗήϴϫΎΠϴϣ
ϦѧϣΔϴϜϠδѧϟΕΎѧϧϮϔϠΘϟΔϜΒѧηβϓΎѧϨΗϭΓΪѧϳΪΟΔϴϜϠѧγϻϒѧΗϮϫΔϜΒηϢϋΪϟΎϬόγϭϲϓΎϣϞϛΔϴϜϳήϣϷΔϣϮϜΤϟΖϠϤϋϭ
ϲϤѧγϭϥΎϜϣϞϛϲϓϪΘόοϭϭΔϴϜϠγϼϟΔϜΒθϠϟΔϣΪΧΩϭΰϣϚϟάϟΖμμΨϓˬϡΪΨΘδϤϠϟΔΒδϨϟΎΑέΎόγϷϭϒϴϟΎϜΘϟΚϴΣ
BϲϧΎΜϟϭAϝϭϻϲϤγϦϴϠϗΎϧϦϣΔϣΪΧΩϭΰϣϞϛϥϮϜΘϳϭˬϲϠΤϤϟΔϣΪΨϟΩϭΰϤΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
ϝΎμѧΗΓΎϨϗϞϛΖϧϮϜΗϭΕΎϧΎϴΒϠϟΩΩήΗϭΕϮμϠϟΩΩήΗ ϢϬϨϣBϭAϦϴϠϗΎϨϠϟϒϠΘΨϣΩΩήΗκϴμΨΗϢΗ
ΕϮμѧϟϞѧϘϧϥΎϤπѧϟϚѧϟΫϭΰΗήϴϫϮѧϠϴϛωΎδѧΗΎΑΕΩΩήѧΘϟΕήѧϴΘΧϭϝΎΒϘΘѧγϼϟϲϧΎѧΜϟϭϝΎѧγέϺϟΪѧΣϭϦϳΩΩήΗϦϣ
ϲϜϠδϟϝΎμΗϻΓΩϮΠΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
IÔ:ÄX:½·¶ÃÖ:µÆ:µ¸ÉcX°§
ΓήϴϐΘϣΔϳϮϳΩέΕΩΩήΗϰϠϋϝϭϷϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟϞϤϋΓήϜϓΕΪϤΘϋ
ϝΎμѧΗϻϚѧϟΫϴѧΘϳΚѧϴΣϦϴϣΪΨΘδѧϤϟΕϮѧλϞϘϨϟΓήϤΘδϣΔϘϳήτΑ
ϝϮѧΟϞѧϛϡΪΨΘδѧϳϭϝΎѧγέϹΔѧτΤϤΑϱϮѧϠΧϒΗΎѧϫϦѧϣήΜϛϷ ΩΪόΘϤϟ
ϞѧϛΚѧϴΣΔѧϧϮϠϤϟΔσήѧηϷΎΑϞϜθѧϟϲѧϓѧοϮϣ ϮѧϫΎϤϛϒϠΘΨϣΩΩήΗ
ϚѧϠΗϲϓωΎτϘϧϻήϴθϳϭˬΓΪΣϭΔϤϟΎϜϤϟκμΨϣΩΩήΗϦϋήΒόϳϥϮϟ
ϢΩϞϜθΑϥϮϜϳϻΕϮϨϘϟϚϠΗ ϡΪΨΘγϥϰϟ·ΔσήηϷ
ϦϴѧѧΑΕϼΧΪѧѧΗΙϭΪѧѧΣϡΪѧѧϋϦϤπѧѧΘϟΰΗήϫΎѧѧΠϴϣ˰ѧѧΑΎϬπѧѧόΑϦѧѧϋΓΎѧѧϨϗϞѧѧϜϟΔϠΒϘΘδѧѧϤϟϦѧѧϋΔϠѧѧγήϤϟΕΩΩήѧѧΘϟϞμѧѧϔϳϭ
ΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϠϟϝΩΎѧѧΒΗΓΎѧѧϨϗϭ Voice Channel ϝΎμѧѧΗΓΎѧѧϨϗ ϰѧѧϠϋϯϮѧѧΘΤϳϞѧѧϗΎϧϞѧѧϛϭϞΒϘΘδѧѧϤϟϭϞѧѧγήϤϟ
ϲϟΰϨϤϟϒΗΎϬϟϭϝϮΠϟϒΗΎϬϟϦϴΑΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϝΩΎΒΘϟϡΪΨΘδΗ Control Channel
Narrowband Advanced Mobile ϱNAMPSϰϤδѧϳΎѧϣϰϟ·ΔϳήχΎϨΘϟΕϻϮΠϟϦϣΔϤψϧϷϩάϫΕέϮτΗϭ
ϤδѧΘϟΔѧϴϤϗέΕΎѧϴϨϘΗϝΎѧΧΩ·ϢѧΗΚѧϴΣϖϴπϟϕΎτϨϟΕΫΓέϮτΘϤϟΔϟϮΠϟΕΎϧϮϔϴϠΘϟΔϤψϧϱPhone Service
ΕϻϮѧΠϟΔѧϴϤϗήϟΕΎѧϴϨϘΘϟϝΎѧΧΩ·ϦѧϣϢϏήϟΎΑϭΓΎϨϗϞϜϟΕήϣΙϼΜΑήΜϛΕϻΎμΗ˯ήΟϹΎϬΗέΪϗΓΩΎϳΰΑΔϤψϧϷϩάϬϟ
ϞѧΜϣΓέϮѧτΘϤϟΕΎϣΪѧΨϟϦѧϣΪѧϳΪόϟϢϋΪѧΗϻϭΰΗήϫΎѧΠϴϣΩΩήѧΗϰϠϋϞϤόΗΔϳήχΎϨΗήΒΘόΗΖϴϘΑΎϬϧϻ·NAMPS
ΖϧήΘϧϻϔμΗϭϲϧϭήΘϜϟϻΪϳήΒϟ
ˮΖϗϮϟβϔϧϰϓϝϮΠϟϡΪΨΘγϢϬϨϜϤϳϦϳάϟΓΪΣϮϟΔϴϠΨϟϰϓιΎΨηϷΩΪϋϢϛ
ϲѧѧΘϟΔѧѧλΎΨϟΕΩΩήѧѧΘϟϦѧѧϣΔѧѧϋϮϤΠϣΎѧѧϬϟϥϮϜϴѧѧγΔѧѧϴϠΧϞѧѧϛϥΎѧѧϓςѧѧϘϓΎѧѧϳϼΧϊΒѧѧγϰѧѧϟ·ϪϤδѧѧϘϣΔѧѧϨϳΪϤϟϥΎϨѧѧοήΘϓϮѧѧϟ
ϯήΧΔϴϠΧϊϣϞΧΪΗΙΪΤϳϥϥϭΩΎϬϣΪΨΘδΗ
ϝϮΠϟϡΪΨΘγϻΔΣΎΘϤϟϮϳΩήϟΕΩΩήΗϦϣΩΪϋΔϨϳΪϣϞϛϰϓΪΟϮϳ
ϰѧϨόϳάѧϫϭ ωΎϤΘγϻ ϝΎΒϘΘγϼϟϲϧΎΜϟϭ ΙΪΤΘϟ ϝΎγέϺϟΪΣϭϦϳΩΩήΗϡΪΨΘδϳϝΎμΗ˯ήΟ·ΪϨϋϝϮΟϞϛ
ΕϮѧϨϗϡΪΨΘѧγϻΩΩήѧΗΩΪѧϋϰѧϘΒΘϳϭ ΔѧϨϳΪϤϟϰѧϓΔѧϴϠΧϞϜϟ ϝΎγέ·ΔτΤϣϞϜϟϝΎμΗΓΎϨϗ ΪΟϮϳϪϧ
ϢϜΤΘϟ
ΓήϓϮѧΘϣΓΎѧϨϗΎѧϬΑΪΟϮϳΔϴϠΧϞϛϥΎϓάϟΓήϓϮΘϤϟΔόΒδϟϦϣΪΣϭΩΩήΗϰϟςϘϓΝΎΘΤΗΔϴϠΧϞϛϥΚϴΣϭ
ϝΎμΗϼϟ
ΖϗϮϟβϔϧϰϓϝϮΠϟϒΗϮϫϝϼΧϦϣΙΪΤΘϟϢϬϨϜϤϳΓΪΣϮϟΔϴϠΨϟϰϓκΨηήΧϰϨόϤΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Second Generation 2G ÎÂBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
ϥήѧϘϟϦѧϣΕΎϨϴόδѧΘϟϲѧϓΎϬϣΪΨΘѧγΪѧΑϲѧΘϟϭϲѧϤϗήϟϡΎѧψϨϟΎΑϞѧϤόΗΕϻϮΟϝϭϲϫ2GϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟήΒΘόΗ
ϡΪΨΘδѧΗϦѧϜϟϭ 1G ϱήχΎѧϨΘϟϝϮѧΠϟϥϮѧϔϠΘϟϲѧϓΎѧϤϛϮϳΩήϟΎϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΗβϔϧϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϝϮΟϡΪΨΘδϳϭˬϲοΎϤϟ
ΚѧϴΣΎѧϬϟϊΑΎѧΘϟΔϜΒθѧϟϭϝϮѧΠϟϦϴѧΑΔϟΩΎΒΘϤϟΓέΎηϹΕΎϴϧΎϜϣ·ϞϛϡΪΨΘδΗϻϱήχΎϨΘϟϡΎψϨϟϲϔϓˬΔϔϠΘΨϣΔϘϳήτΑ
ςϐѧοϢΘѧϳΔѧϴϤϗήϟΓέΎηϹϲϓϦϜϟϭΔϴϤϗήϟΓέΎηϹϞΜϣΔϳήχΎϨΘϟΓέΎηϹήϴϔθΗϭςϐοϢΘϳϥϦϜϤϤϟήϴϏϦϣϪϧ
ϡΪΨΘδϤϟϱΩΩήΘϟϯΪϤϟβϔϨϟΕϮϨϘϟΩΪϋΓΩΎϳΰΑϤδϳΎϤϣΓέΎηϹΔΠϟΎόϣΓΩΎϋ·ϭ
Binary ϲΎѧϨΜϟΩΪѧόϟϡΎѧψϨΑΔѧϴϤϗέΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣϰѧϟ·ΙΪѧΤΘϤϟϦѧϋΓέΩΎμѧϟΔϴΗϮμѧϟΓέΎѧηϹϝϮѧΤΗΔϴϤϗήϟΕϻϮΠϟ
ήϴ˰ϔθѧΗϢΘѧϳϢѧΛˬϦϴϤϗήѧϟϦϳάѧϫϦѧϣΔϧϮϜϣΕΎϣϮϠόϣϦϋΓέΎΒϋΔϴΗϮμϟΓέΎηϹΒμΘϓ ϭ ϦϴϤϗέϦϣϥϮϜϤϟϭ
ϦѧϜϤϤϟϦѧϣϞѧόΠϳΕΎϧΎϴΒϟςϐοϥΎϤϛˬΓήϴμϗΔϴϨϣίΓήΘϓϰϓϭΔϴϟΎϋΓ˯ΎϔϜΑΎϬϟΎγέ·ϞϬδϴϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϩάϫςϐοϭ
ΕΰѧѧϴϬΠΘϟβѧѧϔϧϰѧѧϠϋΓΪѧѧΣϭΔѧѧϤϟΎϜϣϊѧѧϣΔѧѧϧέΎϘϤϟΎΑΓΪѧѧΣϭΓήѧѧϣΕϻΎμѧѧΗϰѧѧϟ·ϦѧѧϣϞμѧѧϳΩΪѧѧϋϞѧѧϤϋϢΘѧѧϳϥ
ΓέΎѧηϹϢδѧϘΗΚѧϴΣΖѧϗϮϟβѧϔϧϰѧϓϡΪΨΘδѧϣϦѧϣήѧΜϛϷΓΪѧΣϭΓΎѧϨϗϡΪΨΘγϦϜϤϴϓϱήχΎϨΘϟϡΎψϨϟϰϓΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟ
ήθѧϟωίϮѧΘΗϞΒϘΘδѧϤϟϰѧϟ·ΎѧϬϟΎϘΘϧ˯ΎѧϨΛϭϝϮѧΠϠϟϡΪΨΘδѧϤϟϥϮϨόΑΩϮϛϞϤΤΗΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϦϣήηϰϟ·ΔϴϜϠγϼϟ
(GSM : ΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧΗϼϟϲϤϟΎѧόϟϡΎѧψϨϟΎΑάѧϫϰϤδѧϳϭϝΎΒϘΘѧγϻΪѧϨϋΎѧϬόϴϤΠΗΩΎѧόϳϢѧΛΕΩΩήѧΘϟϕΎѧτϧϰѧϠϋ
Global Systems for Mobile Communication)
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Multiple Access ef§NA ½Ëu˺A
ϲѧϓϡΪΨΘδѧΗΔѧϔϠΘΨϣΕΎѧϴϨϘΗΙϼѧΛϙΎѧϨϫϭΕϻϮѧΠϟϦѧϣϲϧΎѧΜϟϞѧϴΠϟϞϴϐθѧΘϟΔϣΪΨΘδѧϤϟΕΎѧϴϨϘΘϟΡήθΑϡϮϘϧϑϮγ
ϲϫβϜόϟϭΔϜΒθϟϰϟ·ϝϮΠϟϦϣΔϴϤϗήϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϞϘϨϟϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟ
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ϱΩΩήΘϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Time division multiple access (TDMA) ϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Code division multiple access (CDMA) ϱΩϮϜϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
ϼΜѧϤϓΎѧϬϠϤϋΓήѧϜϓϦѧϣΖϘΘѧηΔϴϤϠόϟΔϴϤδΘϟϩάϬϓϪδϔϧΡήθϳΔΛϼΜϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϦϣΔϴϨϘΗϞϜϟϱΰϴϠΠϧϹϠτμϤϟϭ
ΔϣΪΨΘδѧϤϟΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϰѧϟ·ήϴθѧΗΎѧϬϧΪΠϨϓCodeϭTimeϭFrequency ϲϫϭΔϴϨϘΗϞϛϦϣϰϟϭϷΔϤϠϜϟΎϧάΧϮϟ
ΪѧϤΘόΗΔѧΜϟΎΜϟϭϦϣΰѧϟϰѧϠϋΪѧϤΘόΗΔѧϴϧΎΜϟϭΩΩήѧΘϟϰѧϠϋΪѧϤΘόϳϰϟϭϷΎѧϓˬΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϞϗΎϨΗϲϓΔϜΒθϟϰϟ·ϝϮΧΪϟΔϘϳήτϟ
ϰѧϟ·ϝϮΧΪѧϟΔѧϘϳήσϰѧϠϋΪѧϤΘόϳΕΎѧϤϟΎϜϤϟϞμѧϓΔѧϘϳήσϥϰѧϟ·ήϴθΗϲϬϓdivisionΔϴϧΎΜϟΔϤϠϜϟΎϣΓήϔθϟϰϠϋ
ϲϟΎΘϟϮΤϨϟϰϠϋΔϴϨϘΗϞϛϒλϮϧϥΎϨϨϜϤϳϱΰϴϠΠϧϻϠτμϤϠϟΎϨϤϬϓϝϼΧϦϣΎϨϧϚϟΫϦϣΞΘϨΘδϧϭˬΔϜΒθϟ
ΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟϦϴόϣΩΩήΗκϴμΨΗϢΘϳϪϧϰϨόΗϭFDMA
ΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟΩΩήΘϟϦϣήϴϐλϲϨϣί˯ΰΟκϴμΨΗϢΘϳΚϴΣϦϣΰϟϰϠϋΪϤΘόΗΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϥϰϨόΗϭTDMA
ΡΎΘϣΩΩήΗϯϰϠϋϞϘϨΗΓΪϴΣϭΓήϔϴηΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟϰτόϳΔϴϓϭCDMA
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ϱΩΩήΘϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.1.1
ϦѧϣκμѧΨϤϟϕΎѧτϨϟϝϼѧΧΔѧϔϠΘΨϣΕΩΩήѧΘΑΓέΎѧηϹϞѧγήΗΔѧϳϮϳΩέϝΎѧγέ·ΔѧτΤϣΪΟϮΗϝϮΟϝΎμΗΔτΤϣϞϛϲϓ
ϞϜθѧϟϲѧϓΎѧϤϛήϐѧλΔѧϳΩΩήΗΕϮѧϨϗΓΪѧϋϰѧϟ·ϱΩΩήѧΘϟϯΪѧϤϟάϫϢϴδϘΗϰϠϋFDMAΔϴϨϘΗΪϤΘόΗϭϱΩΩήΘϟϯΪϤϟ
ϝΎѧѧγέϹϒѧѧϠΘΨϣΩΩήѧѧΗϡΪΨΘδѧѧΗϝΎѧѧγέ·ΔѧѧτΤϣϞѧѧϛϭΰΗήϴϫΎѧѧΠϴϣϩέΪѧѧϘϣϱΩΩήѧѧΗϯΪѧѧϣκϴμѧѧΨΗϢѧѧΗΚѧѧϴΣѧѧοϮϤϟ
ΔϴϤϗήϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟΔϟΎόϓΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫήΒΘόΗϻϦϜϟϭˬΔϴϤϗήϟΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϘϧϢϋΪΗϭϝΎμΗϼϟΔϳήχΎϨΗΔϘϳήτΑΕέΎηϹ
ϒϠΘΨϣΩΩήΗϡΪΨΘδϳϝϮΟϞϛFDMAΔϴϨϘΗϲϓ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Time division multiple access (TDMA) ϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.1.2
ΕήѧΘϓΔѧΛϼΛϰѧϠϋΩΩήѧΘϟϊѧϳίϮΗϝϼѧΧϦѧϣΔϴϜϠѧγϻΕϻΎμѧΗΔѧΛϼΛ˯ήѧΟϹΩΩήѧΘϟβѧϔϧϡΪΨΘγϦϜϤϳΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϰϓ
ΔϴΗϮμѧϟΓέΎѧηϹϞѧϳϮΤΘΑΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϩάѧϫϡϮѧϘΗΩΩήѧΘϟβѧϔϧϰѧϠϋΖϗϮϟβϔϧϰϓΕΎϤϟΎϜϣΔΛϼΛ˯ήΟ·ΪϨϋ˱ϼΜϤϓˬΔϴϨϣί
κμѧΨϳϲϧΎѧΜϟΚѧϠΜϟϭΩΩήѧΘϠϟΔѧϴϨϣΰϟΓήѧΘϔϟΚѧϠΛϝϼѧΧΔѧϋϮϤΠϤϛΎϬϠѧγήΗϢΛΎϬτϐπΗϭΔϴϤϗέΓέΎη·ϰϟ·ΔϳήχΎϨΘϟ
ΔѧΛϼΛ˯ή˰ѧΟ·ΩΩήѧΘϟβѧϔϧϰѧϠϋϢΘѧϳϮѧΤϨϟάϫϰϠϋϭΓέϭΪϟέήϜΗϢΛΔΜϟΎΜϟΔϤϟΎϜϤϠϟΚϟΎΜϟΚϠΜϟϭΔϴϧΎΜϟΔϤϟΎϜϤϠϟ
ΔϔϠΘΨϣΕΎϤϟΎϜϣ
TDMAϡΎψϨϟϲΤϴοϮΗΡήη
έήѧѧϜΗΐѧѧϗΎόΗϲѧѧϓѧѧοϮϣϮѧѧϫΎѧѧϤϛέήѧѧϜΘϣϲѧѧϨϣίΰѧѧϴΣϡΪΨΘδѧѧϣϞѧѧϜϟκμѧѧΨϳ
ϰѧϠϋϭΩΪѧΤϣΩΩήѧΗΕΫΓΎѧϨϗςϳήηϞϛϞΜϤϳϭˬ˱ϼΜϣϝϭϷςϳήθϟϲϓϥϮϟϷ
ϥϮѧѧϟϞѧѧϛϞѧѧΜϤϳˬϦϣΰѧѧϟϝϼѧѧΧέήѧѧϜΘΗΔѧѧϔϠΘΨϣϥϮѧѧϟΔѧѧΛϼΛΪѧѧΠΗΩΩήѧѧΘϟβѧѧϔϧ
βѧϔϧϲѧϓΕΎѧϤϟΎϜϣΔѧΛϼΛϝΎѧγέ·ΩΩήѧΘϟβϔϧϰϠϋϦϜϤϳάϬΑϭΔϠγήϣΔϤϟΎϜϣ
ΖϗϮϟ
ΔѧϴϨϣίΓήѧΘϓκϴμѧΨΗϝϼѧΧϦѧϣΔϴΗϮμѧϟΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϝΎγέϹϝϮΟϞϜϟΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟΔϴϨϣΰϟΕΎϗΎτϨϟϩΎϧΩϞϜθϟοϮϳϭ
ΩΪΤϣΩΩήΗϰϠϋϞϤόΗΓΪΣϭϝΎμΗΓΎϨϗβϔϧϰϠϋϞγήΗΰΗήϴϫϮϠϴϛϩέΪϗϱΩΩήΗϯΪϤΑϭ6.7ms˰ΑέΪϘΗ
ΔϴϨϣίΕήΘϓϰϟ·TDMAΔϴϨϘΗϲϓΩΩήΘϟϢδϘϳ
ϡΎѧѧψϨΑϞѧѧϤόΗϲѧѧΘϟΔѧѧϟϮΠϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΔѧѧϤψϧϥΈѧѧϓΔϴϜϠѧѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻTDMAΔѧѧϴϨϘΗΎѧѧϬΗήϓϭϲѧѧΘϟΓΪѧѧϳΪόϟΕΰѧѧϴϤϤϠϟϭ
ωϮѧϧϦѧϣήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛίΎѧϬΟϰѧϠϋΖϠμѧΣϚѧϧνήѧΘϓΓήϜϔϟϩάϫϴοϮΘϟϭΎϬϟϞϴϐθΗϡΎψϨϛΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϡΪΨΘδΗGSM
ϞѧϤόΗΎѧϣ·ϲѧϬϓGSMωϮѧϧϦѧϣΕϻϮѧΟϰϓϝΎΤϟάϜϫϭβϜϨϴϠϟϡΎψϨΑϭίϭΪϨϳϮϟϡΎψϨΑΎϣ·ϪϠϐθΗϥϚϨϜϤϴϓϡϮϴΘϨΑ
CDMAϡΎψϧϭTDMAϞϴϐθΗϡΎψϨΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Code division multiple access (CDMA) ϱΩϮϜϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.1.3
ϱήχΎѧϨΘϟϦѧϣ ϞѧϳϮΤΘϟΔѧϴϠϤϋΪѧόΑϡϮѧϘΗΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϩάѧϬϓTDMAΔѧϴϨϘΗϦϋΎϣΎϤΗΔϔϠΘΨϣΔϠϴγϭCDMAΔϴϨϘΗϡΪΨΘδΗ
ϲѧѧϓϞѧѧγήΗΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϥϱˬϱΩΩήѧѧΘϟϕΎѧѧτϨϟϲѧѧϓήϓϮѧѧΘϣϮѧѧϫΎѧѧϣϰѧѧϠϋΔσϮϐπѧѧϤϟΔѧѧϴϤϗήϟΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟήθѧѧϨΑ ϲѧϤϗήϟϰѧϟ·
ΔϴϨϣίΓήΘϓϱϝϼΧϡΪΨΘγϼϟΔΣΎΘϣΔϗήϔΘϣΕΩΩήΗϰϠϋϡίέϭϡΰΣΓέϮλ
ϡΪϗϷ ΔϳϮϠΨϟ ϒΗϮϬϟ ϡΪΨΘδΗ ΎϤϨϴΑ spread-spectrum ήθΘϨϤϟ ϒϴτϟ ΔϴϨϘΗ ϰϠϋ CDMA ϡΎψϧ ΪϤΘόϳ
ΔϘϴοΔϳΩΩήΗϡΰΣϰϟ·ϮϳΩήϟ ϒϴσϢϴδϘΗϝϼΧϦϣήθΘϨϤϟϒϴτϟΔϴϨϘΗϰϠϋ GSM ˰ϟϭ TDMA ϰϠϋΓΪϤΘόϤϟ
ϰμϗΪΣϙΎϨϫϦϜϟϭ ΔϳΩΩήΘϟΓΎϨϘϟβϔϧϰϠϋΔϴϔΗΎϫ ΕΎϤϟΎϜϣΓΪϋΞϣΪΑϡϮϘΗΕΎϜΒθϟϩάϫϥΈϓΔόδϟΓΩΎϳΰϟϭ
ϮϬϓ CDMA ˰ϟ ϡΎψϧ Ύϣ ΔϟϮϘϨϤϟ ΓέΎηϹ ϲϓΕΎότϘΗϭΕΎηϮθΗ ΙΪΤΗ ϥϞΒϗ ΓΎϨϘϟβϔϨϟϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟ ΩΪόϟ
ϢγΎϘΘΗ ϥ ΔϳϮϳΩήϟ ΕέΎηϹ Ϧϣ ΔϋϮϤΠϤϟ ϦϜϤϳ ϪϧΈϓ ϲϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ ΔϴϔΗΎϫ ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ϞϜϟ ΓΩΪΤϣ Γήϔϴη )ΩϮϛ κμΨϳ
.ϪϠϤΤΗϱάϟΩϮϜϟϰϠϋ˯ΎϨΑ ϪμΨΗϲΘϟΔϤϟΎϜϤϟϞΒϘΘδϣϞϛςϘΘϠϳΚϴΤΑˬϮϳΩήϟΕΩΩήΗϦϣϊγϭϯΪϣ
CDMAϡΎψϨϟϲΤϴοϮΗΡήη
ϪѧϧΈϓΓΩΪΤϣΕΩΩήΗϭΔμμΨϣΕϮϨϗϰϠϋΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϝΎγέ·Ϧϣ˱ϻΪΑ
ϢѧΛ ϡίέ ϡΰѧΣϰѧϟ·ΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟϭΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϢϴδѧϘΘΑϡϮѧϘΗΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫ
ϞѧѧϛϭϞϜθѧѧϟΎΑѧѧοϮϣϮѧѧϫΎѧѧϤϛΔѧѧΣΎΘϤϟΕϮѧѧϨϘϟΪѧѧΣϰѧѧϠϋΎϬϠѧѧγήΗ
ΩΪѧѧΤϣϝϮѧѧΟϦѧѧϣΓέΩΎѧѧλϡΰѧѧΣϰѧѧϟ·ΩϮѧѧόϳΕΎѧѧόΑήϤϟϥϮѧѧϟϦѧѧϣϥϮѧѧϟ
ˬϝΎΒϘΘѧγϻΪѧϨϋΎϬόϴϤΠΗΩΎόϳϢΛΔϔϠΘΨϣΔϳΩΩήΗΕΎϗΎτϧϰϠϋϞγήΗ
βѧѧϔϧϰѧѧϠϋΕΎѧѧϤϟΎϜϤϟϦѧѧϣήѧѧϴΒϛΩΪѧѧϋ˯ήѧѧΟϢΘѧѧϳΔѧѧϘϳήτϟϩάѧѧϬΑϭ
ΔψΤϠϟβϔϧϲϓϱΩΩήΘϟϕΎτϨϟ
ΓήϔϴθѧѧϟϦѧѧϋΔѧѧϔϠΘΨϣΓήϔϴѧѧηϡΪΨΘδѧѧϳΎϤϫΪѧѧΣϦϴϟϮѧѧΟϦѧѧϣΓέΩΎμѧѧϟΔϴΗϮμѧѧϟΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϥϒѧѧϴϛѧѧοϮϳϲϟΎѧѧΘϟϞϜθѧѧϟϭ
ϞϜѧηϰѧϠϋΓΎѧϨϘϠϟϱΩΩήѧΘϟϕΎѧτϨϟϞѧϛϰѧϠϋϪѧΗΎϧΎϴΑϞѧγήϳϡΪΨΘδѧϣϞϛΚϴΣΓΎϨϘϟβϔϧϰϠϋΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϤΤΗϭϯήΧϷ
ϩάѧϫϊѧϤΠΑϡϮѧϘΗΓΰѧϴϤϤϟΓήϔϴθϟϥΎϓϢϠΘδϤϟϑήτϟΪϨϋϭˬΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟΓΰϴϤϣΓήϔϴθΑξόΒϟΎϬπόΑϊϣςΒΗήΗϡίέ
ΓΎϨϘϟβϔϧϰϠϋΕϻΎμΗΓΪϋϯήΠΗϥΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϬΑϦϜϤϳϭΎϬϜϓϭϡίήϟ
ΓΰϴϤϣΓήϔϴθΑξόΒϟΎϬπόΑϊϣςΒΗήΗϡίέϰϟ·ϢδϘΗϭΔϴϤϗέΕΎϧΎϴΑϰϟ·ϝϮΤΗΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϛCDMAΔϴϨϘΗϲϓ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
CDMA Ñ¿£ÂC ©AËÂC
CDMA IS-95A
ϥΎϛ ϲΘϟ ΕΰϴϤϟ Ϧϣ ΪϳΪόϟ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳϭ TIA / EIA IS-95 Ύπϳ ϰϤδϳϭ ϡ ϮϴϟϮϳ ϲϓ ϪΑ ϞϤόϟ ˯ΪΑ
.ΔϴϧΎΜϟ ϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛϰϟ·ϞμΗΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϘϨϟΔϴϟΎϋΔϋήγήϴϓϮΗΎϬϤϫ
CDMA IS-95B : 2.5G
ϲΘϟ ΕΰϴϤϤϟ Ϧϣ ΪϳΪόϟ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳϭ TIA / EIA-95 Ύπϳ ϰϤδϳϭ ϡ ϡΎϋ ήΒϤΘΒγ ϲϓ ϪΑ ϞϤόϟ ˯ΪΑ
ΔϴϧΎΜϟ ϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛϰϟ·ϞμΗΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϘϨϟΔϴϟΎϋΔϋήγήϴϓϮΗΎϬϤϫϥΎϛ
CDMA 2000 X1
ΩΎΤΗϻ ϩίΎΟ Ϊϗϭ ˬΎϳΪϴϤϴΘϠϤϟ ϝΩΎΒΗ ΎϬϨϣ ϩΪϳΪϋ Εΰϴϣ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳ ϩέΎΒΘϋΎΑ ΚϟΎΜϟ ϞϴΠϟ ΔϤψϧ Ϧϣ ήΒΘόϳ
. ήΑϮΘϛϲϓ I.T.U. ΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϟϭΪϟ
CDMA2000 ϡΎψϧϦϣϦϴϋϮϧΪΟϮϳ ϭ
ϞμѧѧΗΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϠϟϞѧѧϘϧΔϋήѧѧγϭΕϮμѧѧϟϞѧѧϘϨϟΔϔϋΎπѧѧϣΕΎϋήѧѧγϡΪѧѧϘϳϡΎѧѧψϨϟάѧѧϫϭ : CDMA2000 1X ϝϭϻ
ΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟ ϞѧϤΤϟΔѧϴϟΎϋΕΎϋήѧγϡΪѧϘϳ : CDMA2000 1x EV-DO ϲϧΎѧΜϟ. ΔѧϴϧΎΜϟϲѧϓΖѧϳΎΑΎѧΠϴϣ 307 ϰѧϟ·
. MP3 ωϮϧϦϣϩήϴΒϜϟΎϳΪϴϤϴΘϠϤϟ ΕΎϘϴΒτΗϝΩΎΒΗϢϋΪϳΎϤϛΔϴϧΎΜϟϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛ ϭϦϴΑΡϭήΘΗ
WCDMA
ΰΗήϫΎΠϴϣ ΎϫέΪϘϣϪϴϟΎϋΕΩΩήΗΕΫϝΎμΗΕϮϨϗϡΪΨΘδϳϭ CDMA ϡΎψϧϦϣέϮτϤϟΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟ ϞΜϤϳϮϫϭ
ΎΠϴϣϰϟ·ϞμΗϥϦϜϤϳΔλΎΧϑϭήχ ϲϓϭˬΔϴϧΎΜϟϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛϰϟ·ϞμΗΕΎϧΎϴΑϞϘϧ ϰϠϋΓέΪϘϟϪϟϥΎϤϛ
. ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϝΩΎΒΗνήϏ ϲϓϡΎψϨϟάϫΐϳήΠΗϝϭΪϟξόΑΕΪΑΪϗϭΖϳΎΑ
CDMA ÁB£Ãº ѾB§ºA PAlÍ¿A
. ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϭΕϮμϟϞϘϧϲϓΔϴϟΎϋ ΓϭΎϘϧ
ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϭΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϠϟωϭήθϤϟ ήϴϏΏήδΘϟϦϣϪϟΎόϓΔϳΎϤΣϊϣΎϧΎϣήΜϛ
. ϱΪϴϠϘΘϟϞϳΎΑϮϤϟϦϋϩήϣ ϱϭΎδϳΎϤΑϞϗϪϠηΎϔϟΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϟΕήϣΩΪϋ
ΔΤλϰϠϋΎϧΎϣήΜϛΎϬϣΪΨΘγϞόΠϳΎϤϣΪΟ ΔπϔΨϨϣΔϳΩΩήΗΕέΎη·ϡΪΨΘγΎΑϞϤόΗϒΗΎϬϟΓΰϬΟ
. ΔϳέΎτΒϟϙϼϬΘγ ήϓϮΗΎϬϧΎϤϛΕΎϋΎόηϻκΨϳΎϤϴϓαΎϨϟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
. frequency band ΔϳΩΩήΘϟΕΎΟϮϤϠϟϝΎόϔϟϡΪΨΘγϻ
. frequency planning ΕΩΩήΘϟςϴτΨΗϰϟ·ΝΎΘΤϳϻ
ϪΜϳΪΤΗϭϪΘϴϗήΗϭϡΎψϨϟήϳϮτΗ ϲϓΔϴϟΎόϟΔϧϭήϤϟϭΔϟϮϬδϟ
ÎÂBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU BÇI ¼¿§M ÒNºA PBÍóNºA
ΔϴϜϠγϼϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϤϟΎόϟϡΎψϨϟ
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
ϞϴϐθѧѧѧΘϟΪѧѧѧϤΘόϣϡΎѧѧѧψϧϮѧѧϫGSMΔϴϜϠѧѧѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧѧѧΗϼϟϲϤϟΎѧѧѧόϟϡΎѧѧψϨϟ
ιΎѧѧΨϟέϮδѧѧϴγϭήΑϭήϜϴϤϟϰѧѧϠϋϞѧѧϤόϳϭΔϴϜϠѧѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΕΎϜΒѧѧη
ϞϴϐθѧΗϡΎѧψϧϙΎѧϨϫϥΎѧϤϛGSMϡΎѧψϧϰѧϠϋϞѧϤόΗϲѧΘϟϝϮѧΠϟΓΰϬΟ΄Α
ϞϴϐθѧΗΔѧϤψϧ΄ΑϝϮѧΠϟϞϴϐθѧΗΔѧϤψϧϪϴΒθѧΗϦѧϜϤϳϭˬIS-136ϮѧϫήΧ
βϜϨϴϠϟϭίϭΪϨϳϮϟϞΜϣήΗϮϴΒϤϜϟ
ΕΩΩήѧΗϰѧϠϋϞϤόΗϭϥΎϣϷϦϣΔΟέΩϰμϗϖϴϘΤΘϟϝϮΠϟΔτγϮΑΔϠγήϤϟΕΎϧΎϴΒϟήϴϔθΗϰϠϋGSM˰ϟϡΎψϧϡϮϘϳ
ϰѧϓ ϰѧϟϦѧϣΕΩΩήΗϰϠϋϞϤόΗΎϤϨϴΑΎϴγϭΎΑϭέϭϦϣϼϛϰϓΰΗήϫΎΠϴϣϰϟΰΗήϫΎΠϴϣ Ϧϣ
ΰΗήϫΎΠϴΟ ˰ϟΔΟϮϤΑϦϴΘϟΎΤϟϼϛϰϓϰϤδΗϭΔϴϜϳήϣϷΓΪΤΘϤϟΕΎϳϻϮϟ
˯ήѧηϚѧϨϜϤϳΚѧϴΤΑϢϟΎѧόϟϝϭΩϒѧϠΘΨϣϰѧϓήθѧΘϨϣϪѧϧΚѧϴΣΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧΗϼϟΎѧϴϤϟΎϋΎѧϣΎψϧGSM ˰ѧϟϡΎψϧήΒΘόϳ
ϦѧϣϯϰѧϓϝϮѧΠϟΔѧϣΪΧΩϭΰѧϣήΒϋϝΎμΗϼϟϭϡΎψϨϟάϫΪϤΘόΗΔϟϭΩϯϰϓϪϣΪΨΘγϭϢϟΎόϟϰϓϥΎϜϣϯϦϣϝϮΟ
ϙήΘθѧϤϟΔѧϳϮϬΑϒϳήόΗΓΪΣϭϯSIMϢγΎΑϑήόΗϲΘϟϝΎμΗϻΔΤϳήηϰϠϋϞμΤϳGSMϰϣΪΨΘδϣϥΎϓϝϭΪϟϚϠΗ
ϒѧϳήόΘϟϡΎѧϗέϭϝΎμѧΗϼϟΔѧϣίϼϟΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟϞѧϛϦϳΰѧΨΗϢΘѧϳϭϝϮѧΠϟϰѧϓΎѧϬΘϴΒΜΗϢΘѧϳήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛΓήѧϛΫϦѧϋΓέΎѧΒϋϰѧϫϭˬ
SIM ΔΤϳήηϰϠϋΎϬϨϣΖϠμΣϰΘϟΔϛήθϟϦϣϪϣΪϘϤϟϝϮΠϟΕΎϣΪΨϟϝϮΧΪϟΎΑΡΎϤδϠϟΔϣίϼϟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
2.2.2 HSCSD : (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) – the first step towards faster data
speeds on GSM circuit switched networks. HSCSD concentrates up to four GSM timeslots
and allows data speeds of up to 64 kbit/s (mostly aimed at the corporate market). However,
mobile terminals supporting HSCSD are not currently available. It is primarily used for
notebooks with a data card. Operators will need to decide if they will offer this service or
GPRS or both. HSCSD is being installed in markets that are highly competitive where
differentiation is key, such as Finland, as well as where data services have been
particularly successful such as Norway and Hong Kong.
2.2.3 GPRS : (General Packet Radio Services) – the introduction of packet switching
technology to GSM, CDMA and TDMA (ANSI-I36) mobile networks, making it easier to
integrate with other packet-based protocols such as IP or X.25. GPRS is the first important
step on the path to 3G, hence GPRS also being known as 2.5G. The announcements of
GPRS data speeds vary from up to 115 kbit/s to up to 117 kbit/s, but is likely to average at
56 kbit/s, with between 28 and 40 kbit/s initially. If GPRS usage is mainly text based, it will
meet many wireless Internet service requirements from the outset.
Trials of GPRS
services will occur in 2000, but it is unlikely that commercial usage will be significant before
2001. GPRS is being deployed in mobile networks today to provide the core network
packet data handling capabilities that 3G will need, whether delivered using WCDMA or
EDGE .
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
2.2.4 EDGE : (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) – the second step towards 3G for
GSM/GPRS networks. EDGE will increase data rates on GSM to 384 kbit/s by bundling up
to eight channels or 48 kbit/s per channel. Analysts suggest that indoor EDGE speeds will
drop outside of the urban areas to 115 kbit/s, but that EDGE will be able to offer outdoor
rates of 450-550 kbit/s. EDGE is unlikely to emerge until 2002 and is an attractive option for
operators that do not have a UMTS licence. GPRS is based on a modulation technique
known as Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK). EDGE is based on a new modulation
scheme that allows a much higher bit rate across the air interface - this is called eightphase-shift keying (8 PSK) modulation. Since 8 PSK will also be used for UMTS, network
operators will need to incorporate it at some stage to make the transition to third generation
mobile phone systems.
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
3G SºBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
ϲѧΘϟΕϻϮѧΟϥΎϨΣήѧηϥϭϖΒѧγΪѧϘϓˬΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧΗϻΔѧϤψϧΙΪѧΣϝϮѧΠϟϦѧϣΚѧϟΎΜϟϞѧϴΠϟΎѧϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΗήΒΘόΗ
ΕϻϮѧΟϲѧϫdigitalϲѧϤϗήϟϡΎѧψϨΑϞѧϤόΗϲѧΘϟΕϻϮѧΠϟϭϝϭϷϞѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧΟϲϫanalogϱήχΎϨΘϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑϞϤόΗ
ϩάѧϫϰϤδѧΗϭMultimedia Cell PhoneΓΩΪѧόΘϤϟςΎѧγϮϟϝϮΟΪόϴϓΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϝϮΟΎϣϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟ
ϡΪΨΘδѧϤϟΪϋΎδѧϴϟΓήѧϴΒϛΔϋήδѧΑΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟϝΩΎѧΒΗϰѧϠϋϪѧΗέΪϘΑίΎѧΘϤϳϭSmart PhonesΔѧϴϛάϟΕϻϮΠϟΎѧΑΕϻϮѧΠϟ
ϮϳΪϴϔϟϭΔϴΗϮμϟϞΎγήϟϝΎΒϘΘγϭϝΎγέ·ϦϜϤϳΎϤϛΓήϴΒϛΔϋήδΑΖϧήΘϧϻϔμΗϰϠϋ
Sony EricssonΔϛήηϦϣΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϦϣϝϮΟ
SºBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU BÇI ¼¿§M ºA PBÍóNºA
ϩάѧѧϫΕήθѧѧΘϧϡΎѧѧόϟϊѧѧϠτϣϊѧѧϣϭϢѧѧΛϡΎѧѧόϟϒμѧѧΘϨϣϰѧѧϓϥΎѧѧΑΎϴϟϰѧѧϓϻϭΚѧѧϟΎΜϟϞѧѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧѧΟΕήθѧѧΘϧ
ΕϻΎμѧΗϻϦѧϣϦϴϘΑΎδѧϟϦϴѧϠϴΠϟϦϋΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϪΑίΎΘϤϳΎϣϥ·ΔϴϜϳήϣϷΓΪΤΘϤϟΕΎϳϻϮϟϭΎΑϭέϭϰϓΎϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟ
ΔѧϴϧΎΜϟϰѧϓΖΑϮϠϴϛώϠΒΗΔϋήδΑϭΎόϣΓέϮμϟϭΕϮμϟϭΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϊϣϞϣΎόΘϠϟϢϤμϣΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϥϮϫΔϴϜϠγϼϟ
ϰѧτϐϳϊѧγϭϠτμѧϣϮѧϫΚѧϟΎΜϟϞѧϴΠϟϠτμϣϥήϛάϟΎΑήϳΪΟϭϲϟΎΤϟϲϜϠδϟϝΎμΗϻΔϋήγϒόοϝΩΎόΗϩάϫϭ
ϯήΧϰϟ·ΓέΎϗϦϣϒϠΘΨΗΪϗϭϥΪϠΒϟϭϝϭΪϟϒϠΘΨϣϰϓϖΒτΗϲΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϭήϴϳΎόϤϟϦϣΪϳΪόϟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
ϰϫΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϭϝϮΠϟϦϴΑϭΎϬϨϴΑΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϝΩΎΒΘϟΎπϳΕΎϴϨϘΗΓΪϋΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϝϮΟΕΎϜΒηϡΪΨΘδΗϭ
Code ΔѧѧϴϨϘΗήϳϮѧѧτΗϰѧѧϠϋΪѧѧϤΘόΗϰѧѧΘϟϭCDMA2000έϮѧѧτϤϟϯΩϮѧѧϜϟϢϴδѧѧϘΘϟΎΑΩΪѧѧόΘϤϟϝϮѧѧλϮϟΔѧѧϴϨϘΗ
ϰϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϰϓΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟDivision Multiple Access
Wideband Code Division ϯWCDMAϕΎѧτϨϟξϳήѧόϟϯΩϮѧϜϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟΔϴϨϘΗ
Multiple Access
ϱTD-SCDMAϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟϊϣϦϣΰΘϤϟϱΩϮϜϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟΔϴϨϘΗ
Time-divisionSynchronous Code-division Multiple Access
ΔѧϴϧΎΛϰѧϟ·ΝΎѧΘΤΗϚѧϧϰѧϨόϤΑ 3Mbpsϰѧϟ·ϞμѧΗΓήѧϴΒϛΕΎѧϧΎϴΑϞѧϘϧΔϋήѧγϰѧϠϋϞѧϤόΗϩάϫΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕΎϴϨϘΗϭ
ϦѧϣήΜϛ΄ѧΑϞѧϤόϳϻϲϧΎѧΜϟϞѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧΟωήѧγϥΈѧϓΔϧέΎϘϤϟΎΑϭ ϚϟϮΟϰϠϋϖΎϗΩΎϬΗΪϣΔϴϘϴγϮϣΔϋϮτϘϣϞϴϤΤΘϟ
ΚѧϟΎΜϟϞѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧΟϥΈѧϓάϬϟϭ ϖΎϗΩΎϬΗΪϣΔϴϘϴγϮϣΔϋϮτϘϣϞϴϤΤΘϟϖΎϗΩϰϟ·ΝΎΘΤΗϚϧϱ 144Kpbs
ϡϼѧѧϓϷϞѧѧϴϤΤΗϭΖѧѧϧήΘϧϻΔϜΒѧѧηϊѧѧϣΎϬϠѧѧλϮΗϭΓήѧѧϴΒϛΕΎϋήδѧѧΑΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϞѧѧϘϧΎϬϤϋΪѧѧϟΓΩΪѧѧόΘϤϟςΎѧѧγϮϟΕϻϮѧѧΟήѧѧΒΘόΗ
βϛΎϔϟϭϲϧϭήΘϜϟϻΪϳήΒϟϝΩΎΒΗϭ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Tri-Mode ÎQÜRºA ¿ÃºA ½AËU
ΎѧϨϫϭΓΩΪѧόΘϣΕΎѧϴϨϘΗΔѧΛϼΜΑϞѧϤόΑϝϮѧΠϟϥϰѧϟ·ΓέΎѧηtri-modeϝϮΟϪϧϪΗΎϔλϮϣϦϣϝϮΟΪΠΗϥϦϜϤϤϟϦϣ
ΔѧϳήχΎϨΗΔѧϴϨϘΗϭTDMAϭCDMAϦϴѧΘϴϤϗέϦϴѧΘϴϨϘΗϢϋΪѧϳϝϮѧΠϟϥ˱ΎѧϧΎϴΣΎѧϬΑΪμϘϳΪϗΔϋΪΧϥϮϜΗϥϦϜϤϤϟϦϣ
ϲѧϓάѧϫϭˬΔѧϳήχΎϨΗΔѧϴϨϘΗϭϦϳΩΩήѧΘΑΓΪѧΣϭΔѧϴϤϗέΔѧϴϨϘΘΑϞѧϤόϳϝϮѧΠϟϥΎπѧϳϲѧϨόΗΪѧϗϦѧϜϟϭίΎѧΘϤϣάϫϭAMPS
dual modeϲΎϨΛΓΩΪόΘϣΕΎϴϨϘΗϝϮΟΔϴϨϘΗΔϴΣΎϧϦϣΔϘϴϘΤϟ
References
http://www.tech-faq.com
ϊϗϮϤϟάϫϰϠϋΎϫΪΠΗϲϨόΗΫΎϣϭΕΎΤϠτμϤϟϭϝϮΠϟϦϋϪϨϋέΎδϔΘγϻϲϓΐϏήΗΎϣϞϛ
http://www.cellular.co.za/in-fone.htm
ϝϮΠϟΐϴϛήΗϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϣ
http://www.fcc.gov
FCCΔϴϟϭΪϟΕϻΎμΗϻΔδγΆϣϊϗϮϣ
http://www.itu.int/home/index.html
ΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϟϭΪϟΩΎΤΗϻϊϗϮϣ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_access
TDMAϭCDMAϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϦϣΪϳΰϤϟ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA
TDMAϭCDMA ϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϦϣΪϳΰϤϟ
http://www.privateline.com/PCS/GSM0.htmlΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϦϣΪϳΰϤϟ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications
GSM˰ϟϦϋ˯ϲηϞϛ
http://www.privateline.com/mt_cellbasics/index.html
ϝϮΠϟΕΎϴγΎγϦϋϞϣΎηωϮοϮϣ
http://www.wirelessadvisor.com/glossary.cfmΔϴϜϠγϼϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟΔϴϨϘΗΕΎΤϠτμϣ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone ϝϮΠϟϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϞϛ
www.gsmarena.comΎϬΗΎϔλϮϣϭΕϻϮΠϟωϮϧΙΪΣ
Communication
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ΔϴϠϬϗΩϦϳϭϼΒϨδϟΔτϳήϏΖϴϣ
ΔϴΑήόϟήμϣΔϳέϮϬϤΟ
Email : [email protected]
Tel : +2 / 050 / 6771551
&
Mobile : +2 / 0109833045
Mobile communication systems
Chapter 1 : Introduction To Communication Systems
Chapter 2 : Cellular Network Structure
Chapter 3 : Modern Wireless Communication Systems
C ha p t e r
1
Introduction To Communication
Systems
Introduction
History of Mobile Communications
Ñ__¾f³¾.
Ñ»³ÃNA PÛBvMáA cÌiBM .
Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication ¼_ÌBIËA Ñ¿£ÂC iË_ðM .3
Cellular Principle ΔϴϠΨϟΪΒϣ
Mobile Radio-telephony in U.S ΎϜϳήϣϰϓϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΔϤψϧ
Mobile Radio System Around The World ϢϟΎόϟϝϮΣϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΔϤψϧ
ÑÌËÌeAjºA ½BmiáA À£Ãº ÁB_§ºA °ÍÃvNºA .
Simplex Communication Systems ΔτϴδΑϝΎγέ·Ϣψϧ
Half Duplex Communication System ΔΟϭΩΰϣϒμϧϝΎγέ·Ϣψϧ
Full Duplex Communication System ΔΟϭΩΰϣϝΎγέ·Ϣψϧ
5. Comparison of Common Wireless Communication Systems
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ϱάѧϟϭϝΎμѧΗϹΕϭΩϝΎϜѧηΪѧΣϮѧϫϝϮѧΠϟϒΗΎѧϬϟϭϝϮѧϤΤϤϟϒΗΎѧϬϟϭϱϮѧϠΨϟϒΗΎѧϬϟϭϝΎ˷ϘϨϟϒΗΎϬϟ
ΓΰѧѧϬΟέϮѧѧτΗϊѧѧϣΔѧ ϨϴόϣΔΣΎδѧѧϣϦϤѧѧοΔѧѧϋίϮϤϟΚѧѧΒϟΝήѧѧΑϦѧѧϣΔϜΒѧѧηϖѧѧϳήσϦѧѧϋϲϜϠѧѧγϼϟϝΎμѧѧΗϹϰѧѧϠϋΪѧѧϤΘόϳ
ϲѧϔϛήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛΓΰϬΟ΄ѧϛϡΪΨΘδѧΗΖΤΒѧλΚѧϴΤΑϲΗϮѧλϝΎμѧΗΔϠϴѧγϭΩήѧΠϣϦѧϣήѧΜϛΓΰѧϬΟϷΖΤΒѧλϝΎѧϘϨϟϒΗΎϬϟ
ϭ˯ΎѧѧѧѧϘϧβϔϨѧѧѧѧΑήϳϮμѧѧѧѧΘϟΎѧѧѧѧϬϨϜϤϳΓΪѧѧѧѧϳΪΠϟΓΰѧѧѧѧϬΟϷϭΖѧѧѧѧϧήΘϧϻϔμѧѧѧѧΗϭϲΗϮμѧѧѧѧϟΪѧѧѧѧϳήΒϟϝΎΒϘΘѧѧѧѧγϭΪѧѧѧѧϴϋϮϤϠϟ
ϲϠϐθѧϣϦϴѧΑΪϳΪθѧϟβϓΎѧϨΘϟΐΒδѧΑϭϚϟάϛϥϼϋϹϞΎγϭΪΣΔϟΎϘϨϟϒΗϮϬϟΖΤΒλΎϤϛΔϴϤϗήϟΕήϴϣΎϜϟΡϮοϭ
ϥ΄ѧѧѧϓάѧѧѧϟϊѧ ѧϤΘΠϤϟΕΎѧѧѧΌϓϊѧѧѧϴϤΟϝϭΎѧѧѧϨΘϣϲѧѧѧϓΕΎѧѧѧϴτόϤϟϝΩΎѧѧѧΒΗϭΕΎѧѧѧϤϟΎϜϤϟΔѧѧѧϔϠϜΗΖΤΒѧѧѧλϝΎѧѧѧϘϨϟϒΗΎѧѧѧϬϟΓΰѧѧѧϬΟ
ΔΘΑΎΜϟϝΎμΗϻΓΰϬΟϞΤϣϞΤϴϟϲϣϮϳϞϜθΑΪϳΰΘϳϲΑήόϟϢϟΎόϟϭϢϟΎόϟϰϓΓΰϬΟϷϩάϫϲϣΪΨΘδϣΩΪϋ
ΎѧѧѧϬϨϜϟϭϲѧѧγΰΟϮϴϨΑΎѧѧϬϠϤόϣϲѧѧϓΏέΎѧѧΠΘϟΰϴΟϮѧѧѧϟϮϨϜΗΖѧѧγϮϟΔϛήѧѧηΕΪѧѧѧΑΎϣΪѧѧϨϋ ϡΎѧѧϋϲѧѧѧϟ·ϪѧѧΨϳέΎΗΩϮѧѧόϳϭ
ΔϛήѧѧηϲѧѧϓΚѧѧΣΎΒϟήΑϮѧѧϛϦΗέΎѧѧϣϲѧѧϜϳήϣϷϮѧѧϫίΎѧѧΠϧϹάѧѧϫΐΣΎѧѧλϥΎѧѧϛϞѧѧΑϝϮѧѧϤΤϣϥϮѧѧϔϴϠΗϝϭΔΒΣΎѧѧλϦѧѧϜΗϢѧѧϟ
ϡΎϋϞϳήΑϲϓϪΑΔϤϟΎϜϣϝϭϱήΟΚϴΣϮϏΎϜϴηϲϓΕϻΎμΗϼϟϻϭέϮΗϮϣ
ΕέΎѧѧѧѧη·ϖѧѧѧϳήσϦѧѧѧϋϝΎѧѧѧѧγέ·ϭϝΎΒϘΘѧѧѧγΓήѧѧѧΩϦѧѧѧѧϋΓέΎѧѧѧΒϋϮѧѧѧϫϭϝϮѧѧѧѧΠϟϭϞѧѧѧϳΎΑϮϤϟ ϝϮѧѧѧϤΤϤϟϒΗΎѧѧѧϬϟ
ϪΗΎϜΒѧѧѧηϭϞѧѧѧϳΎΑϮϤϟϦѧѧѧϜϟϮѧѧѧϳΩήϟΕέΎѧѧѧη·ϞѧѧѧΜϣΎѧѧѧϣΎϤΗΔϴΎπѧѧѧϓΎѧѧѧϬϨϣϭΔϴѧѧѧοέϝΎѧѧѧγέ·ΕΎѧѧѧτΤϣήѧѧѧΒϋϪѧѧѧΑάΑΫ
ϞμѧѧѧΗΪѧѧѧΟΔѧѧѧϳϮϗϰѧѧѧϫϭϲϟίΎѧѧѧϨΗϭϱΪϋΎμѧѧѧΗΐѧѧѧϠϘϟϢѧѧѧγέΕέΎѧѧѧη·ϞѧѧѧΜϣΔѧѧѧϴΑάΑΫΔΗέΎѧѧѧηϭϢϬϨѧѧѧϋϒѧѧѧϠΘΨϳΔϴѧѧѧοέϷ
ΔѧѧϠϣΎϜΘϣΓήѧѧѧΩϖѧѧѧϳήσϦѧѧѧϋϥϮѧѧϜΘϓϝΎμѧѧѧΗϻΔѧѧѧϘϳήσϦѧѧѧϋΎѧѧѧϣΓΪѧѧΣϮϟΔѧѧѧϴϧΎΜϟϰѧѧѧϓϻΎΒϘΘѧѧѧγϭϻΎѧѧѧγέ·MHZϰѧѧϟ
SIM
CARD ςѧѧѧѧѧΨϟϭΔϛήθѧѧѧѧѧϟΎΑιΎѧѧѧѧѧΨϟϰδѧѧѧѧѧϴήϟζΘϳϮδѧѧѧѧѧϟϭϲμѧѧѧѧѧΨθϟϝϮѧѧѧѧѧϤΤϤϟϰѧѧѧѧѧϓϦѧѧѧѧѧϤϜΗ
ΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΑΎѧѧϬΑϥΰѧѧΨΗΔѧѧΠϟΎόϣΓΪѧѧΣϭϭΔѧѧϘϴϗΩϭΪѧѧΟΓήϴϐѧѧλϦϳΰѧΨΗΓΪѧѧΣϭΎѧѧϬΑΓήϴϐѧѧλΔѧѧϗΎτΑϦѧѧϋΓέΎѧѧΒϋ ΕέΎѧѧϛϢϴδѧѧϟϭ
ϦѧѧѧѧϣϥϮѧѧѧѧѧϜΘϴϓϝϮѧѧѧѧѧϤΤϤϟιϮѧѧѧѧѧΧϦѧѧѧѧѧϋΎѧѧѧѧѧϣ·ϦϳήΧϵΎѧѧѧѧѧΑϝΎμѧѧѧѧѧΗϼϟϪϣΪΨΘѧѧѧѧѧγΎΑϡϮѧѧѧѧѧϘϳϯάѧѧѧѧѧϟΪѧѧѧѧѧϳήϟϭϡΪΨΘδѧѧѧѧѧϤϟ
Δѧ ѧѧΑΎΘϛϦѧѧѧѧϜϤϳϭΕΎѧѧѧѧϣϮϠόϤϟϦϳΰѧѧѧѧΨΘϟεϼѧѧѧѧϓϭΔѧѧѧѧϣέϭΔѧѧѧѧϴϋήϓϭΔѧѧѧѧϳΰϛήϣΔѧѧѧѧΠϟΎόϣΓΪѧѧѧѧΣϭϭϝΎѧѧѧѧγέ·ϭϝΎΒϘΘѧѧѧѧγΓήѧѧѧѧΩ
ϰϫϭϝϮϤΤϤϟιϮΨΑωΎΘϤΘγϻϭΓήϴμϘϟϞΎγήϟ
ΔϘϴϗΩΕήϴϣΎϜΑΓΩϭΰϤϟdct4ΓΰϬΟϷϦϣΪϳΪΠϟϞϴΠϟϖϳήσϦϋϢϬΘϴϭέϭϦϳήΧϵΎΑϝΎμΗϻ
ϢϟΎόϟϰϓϥΎϜϣϯϻΓήϴμϘϟϞΎγήϟϝΎγέ·ϦϜϤϳ
ΔΜϳΪΤϟΎϓΎΠϟΏΎόϟάϛϭΏΎόϟϷΎΑΔϴϠδΘϟ
ϞΠδѧѧϣϭϮѧѧϳΩήϟϰѧѧϟωΎΘϤΘѧѧγϻάѧѧϛϭwav . mp3ΔѧѧϔϠΘΨϣΕΩΪѧѧΘϣΎΑϰϧΎѧѧϏϻϭϯήѧѧΛϰѧѧΑϡϻϰѧѧϟωΎΘϤΘѧѧγϻ
ΖϧήΘϧϻρϮτΧήΒϋϭΓΰϬΟϷϦϴΑΔϛήΘθϤϟΏΎόϟϷϦϣΎϫήϴϏϭΕΎϴΗϮμϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
History of Mobile Communications
Ñ»³ÃNA PÛBvMáA cÌiBM .
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ŗºſťƃŒƇƆŗƒƃœŵŗŞŧťŕƍƒťŒŧƇƂƃƍƍƒťŒŧƃŒŨœƌŞƊƄƆŵƑżƊŕŬƒŨœƌŞƍƋ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŨœƌŞƇŊŻŧŶřƇŊūƋťƆƃŒƇƆ
ŗƒƂƄºŪƚƃŒŘƙœŮºřƙŒƍƑºż¾ŕƅœƋŒŧŞŧťƈŪƂƃŒƅƃœŶƃŒŗűŪŒƍŕƐťœŶƃŒƇƍŽƄřƃŒųŧřŤŊťƒƀŶřƃŒƍ
ŧƒťŞƃŒƇƆƍ ƑżƚŪřƐƙƍƂƒƈƅƃœŶƃŒŗűŪŒƍŕųŧřŤŒƐŦƃŒƍƒťŒŧƃŒŖŨƌŞŊŧƍűřƍųŒŧřŤƙŗރřƈŘŧƍűř
œŶƆƍƒťŒŧƃŒƍŻřœƌƃŒŖŧƂżŝƆťƈřƍťšřřƇŊƑŶƒŕűƃŒƇƆƊƈŊŧƂŦƃœŕ
ŗºƄƀƈřƆ ŖŨƌŞŋŕƑƂƄŪƚƃŒ ¾œŮřƙŒ Əƃō ŒƍŞœřšŒƇƒŦƃŒ ŭœŤŬƕŒ ƇœƂŘƙŒƍŞƃŒųŒŧřŤŒ¾ŕſ
Radio ƍºƒťŒŧƃŒŘœºƈƍŽƄřŒƍƆťŤřºŪŒĹƚśºƆŘŒŧœƒŪºƃŒƑƀőœŪºƂƅƌƄƆŵŗŶƒŕűƃŗރřƈ
¾œºŪŧōŗºűšƆƎƍŪťŞƍƒƇƂƒƅƃŘœƈƍŽƒƄřƃŒƇƆŗƆŲƈƕŒƉŦƋƑżTelephones
œºƆƆƅŒťŤřºŪƚƃŗºšœřƆűƀż¾œŮřŒŖœƈſƍ Antenna ŗƈƒťƆƃŒƏżŗƒŨƂŧƆŖťšŒƍ
ŧřƆƍºƄƒƂóŗżœŪƆƏűźƒƃƎƍſ¾œŪŧōŨœƌŞƏƄŵŖŨƌŞƕŒƁƄřƎƍřšřƇŊŔŞƍŊ
ƇŒŚƒšƍƒťŒŧƃŒŘœƈƍŽƄřƅŒťŤřŪŒƅƌƈƂƆƒŭœŤŬƕŒƇƆťƍťšƆťťŵƇŊƏƈŶƒŒŦƋƍ
ŗƒżœƂŧƒŹƅŒťŤřŪƚƃŖŧżƍřƆƃŒŘŒƍƈƀƃŒťťŵ
œºƒƚŤƏºƃōƅŪºƀřŗƈƒťƆƃŒƇŎż¾ŒƍŞƃŒƇƍŽƄřƅœŲƈƑżœƆŊƍƒťŒŧƃŒŘœƈƍŽƄřƃŗŕŪƈƃœŕŒŦƋ
ƇºƂƆƒŗºƀƒŧűƃŒƉŦºƌŕƍ Antenna ¾œŪŧōŗűšƆťŞƍƒŗƒƄŤ¾ƂƑżƍcells ŖŧƒźŮ
ƅƌƈºƂƆƒťŒŧºżƕŒƇºƆƇƒºƒƚƆƃŒƇŎżƑƃœřƃœŕƍŗƈƒťƆƃŒ¾ƂƏƄŵťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪŒŖťœŵō
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑż¾ŒƍŞƃŒƅŒťŤřŪŒ
Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication ¼_ÌBIËA Ñ¿£ÂC iË_ðM .3
ŧºƌŲż ŗƒƃœŶƃŒŇœŰƍŰƃŒ¾ƒťŶřƃŒŒŦƋŔƒŶƒƇƂƃƍ AM ƅťŤřŪřŘƈœƂƍ ƅœŵƏżŗƒƂƄŪƚƃŒ ŗƆŲƈƕŒ ŘŧƌŲ
ŖŧºƂżŘŧƌŲƁƃŦťŶŕƅś ƅœŵƏżDigital ModulationƅťŤřŪŒƁƃŦťŶŕƅś ƅœŵƏżFMƁƃŦťŶŕ
ƐƍƄŤƃŒƅœŲƈƃŒ
Cellular Principle ŗƒƄŤƃŒŊťŕƆ.1
ŘŒťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪŒŖťœŵōœƒƚŤƃŒƉŦƋƏżƅřƒŖŧƒźŮœƒƚŤƏƃō Coverage Area ŗƒűźřƃŒžűœƈƆƅƒŪƀřƅřƒ
ƏºżƇƒƂŧřŬºƆƃŒťťŵŖťœƒŨƎŊŗƂŕŬƃŒŗŶŪŖťœƒŨƁƃŦťőŒƍżƇƆƍŖťƍťšƆŗšœřƆƃŒ Channels ŘŒƍƈƀƃŒƇƕ
ƅœŲƈƃŒťƒƀŶřƍ¾ŤŒťřƃŒŗƒƃœƆřšŒŖťœƒŨƊŕƒŶƒƇƂƃƍŗƂŕŬƃŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
Cellular System
ƍºƋŒŦƋƍƐƍƄŤƃŒ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƐŊCell PhoneŗƒŨƒƄŞƈƙœŕŘƙŒƍŞƃŒŗƒƆŪřƏƃōƎťŊCellsœƒƚŤƏƃōŗƈƒťƆƃŒƅƒŪƀř
ƅƃœŶƃŒƑżƇœƂƆƐŊƇƆŚťšřƃŒŗƒƄŕœſƏƄŵŘƙƙťƑƌż¾ŒƍŞƃŒƍ¾ƍƆšƆƃŒŗƆƄƂœƆŊŗƒƆŪřƃŒƑżũœŪƕŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
Mobile Radio-telephony in U.S œƂƒŧƆŊƏż¾ƒœŕƍƆƃŒŗƆŲƈŊ .2
North America Generations
Mobile Radio System Around The WorldƅƃœŶƃŒ¾ƍš¾ƒœŕƍƆƃŒŗƆŲƈŊ.3
European Generations
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
Japan Generations
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ÑÌËÌeAjºA ½BmiáA À£Ãº ÁB_§ºA °ÍÃvNºA .
ƑƄƒœƆƂŗƒƍƒťŒŧƃŒ¾œŪŧƗŒƅŲƈŻƒƈŮřƇƂƆƒ
Simplex Communication Systems ŗűƒŪŕ¾œŪŧōƅŲƈ.1
ƇºŵŖŧœºŕŵ¾œŮºřƙŒŗƂŕŬ ƇƍƂř .. ĹœŶƆ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ¾œŪŧƙŒƇƂƆƒƙƁƃŦƃƍ .. ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ¾œŪŧƘƃťšŒƍťťŧř
¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ ¾œŪŧƘƃťšŒƍťťŧřƏƄŵŗŽƃŌƆŖŨƌŞƕŒŴƒƆŞƇƍƂřƍĹŒŨœƌŞ ¾ƆšƒƅƌƈƆ¾ƂŭœŤŬƕŒƇƆŗŵƍƆŞƆ
Śťšřƒƍ ¾œŪŧƗŒşœřŽƆűźŰŕƅƍƀƒŚťšřƃœŕťšŊŔŹŧƒœƆťƈŵųœƆřŪŒ ŗƒŶŰƍŕƇƍƄƆŶƒŇœŰŵƕŒŴƒƆŞƇƍƂƒ
ƇšŬºƃŒŘŒŧœƒºŪ ŗƄżœſ¾śƆŖŧƒśƂŘœƀƒŕűřƑżŗƃœŶżƑƋƍŗűƒŪŕŗƂŕŬƃŒ ƉŦƋ .. ¾ƍƀƒœƆƃƇƍŶƆřŪƒŴƒƆŞƃŒœƆƈƒŕ
ƇƒƀőœŪƃŒ ƇƆĹœƒŊƇŊœƆƂŴƒƆŞƃŒƊƃŴƆřŪƒżƁƃŦƏƃōœƆƍŻſƍřƃŒ ƍŧƒŪƆƃœŕŖťœŵƉŧƆŒƍŊƑűŶƒťőœſƁœƈƋƇŊŚƒš
žƚűƗŒƏƄŵ ŗƒŧŪƙƇŊœƌŕƍƒŵƇƆĹœŶŕű .. ƊƒťƃŗƄƂŬƆƇŵĹƚśƆ ƅƌƆƄŶƒƃƇƒŧŤƓŒƍťőœƀƃŒƏƃōŗƃœŪŧƊƒŞƍřƊƈƂƆƒ
ŘºƃŒŨ œºƆƑƌżƁƃŦƇƆƅŹŧƃŒƏƄŵƇƂƃƍ . ťšŒƍƇňƑżŭœŤŬŊ ŖťŵŚťšřƒƇŊƇƂƆƒƙƊƈŊœƆƂŗƂŕŬƃŒƉŦƋƑż
ŴƒƆŞƃŒŴƆřŪƒƇŊŔƍƄűƆƃŒœƌƒżƇƍƂƒŘœƀƒŕűřƃŒƇƆŧƒśƂƃŒ ƁœƈƋƇŊœƆƂŗƒšœƈƇƆœƌřűœŪŕŔŕŪŕƅŒťŤřŪƙŒŗŶŪŒƍ
. ŗűŧŬƃŒƍŻœŶŪƗŒƍ ŐżœűƆƃŒŗƂŕŬ¾śƆ¾ŮŒƍřƏƄŵĹœƆőŒťŒƍƈƍƂƒƇŊƍŇŒťƈƄƃ
Half Duplex Communication System ŗŞƍťŨƆŻŮƈ¾œŪŧōƅŲƈ.2
ũƒºƃƇºƂƃƍ Channel ŖœƈƀƃŒũŽƈƏƄŵ ƐťœŶƃŒ ŻřœƌƃŒ¾śƆ ťšŒƍƇʼnŕ¾ŕƀřŪƒƍŭŤŬƃŒ¾ŪŧƒƇŊœƈƋƇƂƆƒ
¾œŕƀřŪŒ ƍ¾œŪŧōŴŰƍƇƒŕ¾ťŕƒşœřŽƆƃŖŧƍŧŰƙƍ ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƏż
ƇŒœºƆōƁŧřŬƆƃŒŴƒűřŪƒŘſƍƎŒƏżƊƈŒƏƈŶƒŒŦƌż¾œŕƀřŪƙŒƍ¾œŪŧƘƃŖťšŒƍŖœƈſƅťŤřŪřŗƆŲƈƕŒƉŦƋƇŊŚƒšƍ
ũƒƃƍŕƃŒŘœƒżŧűƁƃŦ¾œśƆƍ Push to Talk ƅƚƂƄƃŴżťƃŒ¾śƆťƍƒƀƃœżŗƆƍƄŶƆƃŒ¾ŕƀřŪƒƍŒ¾Ūŧƒ
Full Duplex Communication System ŗŞƍťŨƆ¾œŪŧōƅŲƈ.3
ũºŽƈƏºƄŵťšŒƍƇʼnŕ¾ŕƀřŪƒƍŭŤŬƃŒ¾ŪŧƒƇŊœƈƋƇƂƆƒ ¾œŕƀřŪƚƃŧŤƓŒƍ¾œŪŧƘƃƅťŤřŪƒťšŒƍƇŒťťŧř
ƇœŶƒűřŪºƒűƀżƇƒŨœƌŞƇƆƙōŗƂŕŬƃŒƉŦƋ ƇƍƂřřƇŊƇƂƆƒƙœƈƋƇƂƃƍŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƏżƍ Channel ŖœƈƀƃŒ
¾œºŪŧƗŒťťŧřƍ ŨœƌŞƄƃ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒ ťťŧřũŽƈƍƋŨœƌŞƄƃ¾œŪŧƗŒťťŧř ƇŊŚƒšœƆƌƈƒŕ œƆƒż¾œŮřƙŒ¾ťœŕř
ťƍŮºƀƆŧºƒźƃŒóŘƈŮřƄƃŗŰŧŵœƌƈŊŖŨƌŞƕŒƉŦƋ ŔƍƒŵƅƋŊƇƆ ŨœƌŞƄƃ¾œŕƀřŪƙŒťťŧř ũŽƈƍƋŨœƌŞƄƃ
ƉŦºƋƎťºƆŖťœƒŨƇŎżƑƃœřƃœŕƍ .. ŗƀűƈƆƃŒ ũŽƈŕƇŒŧƒŞƃŒťƈŵŖťŞŒƍřƆƃŒŗƌŕœŬƆƃŒŖŨƌŞƕŒŴƆ¾ŤŒťřř œƌƈŊŚƒš
¾œºŪŧōŖƍºſƍŗƒƃœŵŘœƒőŒƍƋŔƄűřƒƎťƆƃŒŖťœƒŨ ƇŊœƆƂ .. ŗƄśœƆƆƃŒŖŨƌŞƕŒŴƆ¾ŤŒťřƃŒ¾œƆřšŒƇƆ ťƒŨƒŖŨƌŞƕŒ
ŒŧƒźŮƍĹœƒŮŤŬƇƍƂƒƇŊůŧřŽƒþ¾ƍƆšƆ ŨœƌŞƃƑƄƆŵŧƒŹĹœŶŕűŒŦƋƍŖťťŶřƆŘœƒŧœűŕƑƃœřƃœŕƍ ŖŧƒŕƂ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
5. Comparison of Common Wireless Communication Systems
ůºŶŕŴºƆ¾ŒƍºŞƃŒŗƈŧœƀƆŕ ƅƍƀƈŻƍŪ¾ŒƍŞƃŒ¾ƆŵŖŧƂŽƃžƒſťƅƌŽƃƍ
ƅºŪœŕŻŧŶƒœƆƃŧœŮřŤŒƍƋƍƍCB radioŨœƌ޾śƆŗƒƂƄŪƚƃŒŖŨƌŞƕŒ
ƏºƄŵŧśƂŊŻŧŶřƄƃƍ City Band Radio ŗƈƒťƆƃŒŗŞƍƆƍƒťŒŧŨœƌŞ
ƏºººƄŵƑƃœºººřƃŒŴºººſƍƆƃŒƏºººƄŵŴºººƄűŒŨœºººƌŞƃŒŒŦºººƋ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cb_radioŘƈŧřƈƙŒ
CB Radio
ŨœºƌŞƍŊƍºƋƍœºƈƃŧºśƂŊŻƍŧºŶƆŧŤŊŨœƌŞŕ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƇŧœƀƈŻƍŪœƆƂ
ťŞřºŪƍ¾œŕƀřºŪŒƍ¾œŪŧŒƍƒťŒŧƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶƒŨœƌŞƍƋƍwalkie-talkie
ŘºƈŧřƈƗŒŗƂŕºŬƏºƄŵƑƃœºřƃŒŴºſƍƆƃŒƏºƄŵŨœºƌŞƃŒŒŦºƋƇŵťƒŨƆƃŒ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkie-talkie
Walkie-Talkie
ƑƋ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŨœƌŞƍ Walkie-TalkieƍCB radiosƐŨœƌŞƇƒŕŗƈŧœƀƆƃŒŧŮœƈŵ
Duplex¾œŮřƙŒŗƀƒŧű
ChannelsŘŒƍƈƀƃŒ
RangeƎťƆƃŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
CB ŖŨƌŞŊƑżƇŊŚƒšhalf-duplexŘŒŦŖŨƌŞŊƇŒŧŕřŶƒ Walkie-TalkieƍCB radiosƐŨœƌŞƇƆƖƂ
ŴƆřŪƒŧŤƕŒƍŚťšřƃŒŴƒűřŪƒűƀżťšŒƍŭŤŬƇŎżŒŦƃťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪœŕƇƒŮŤŬƇƒŕ¾œŮřƙŒƅřƒRadio
œƆƆųœƆřŪƚƃŻƄřŤƆ ŧŤň ťťŧřƍŚƒťšƄƃŭŮŤƆťťŧřƁœƈƋƇŊƑƈŶƒŒŦƋƍ full-duplex ƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶƒż¾ŒƍŞƃŒœƆŊ
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑżŚťšřƃŒœƆƌƈƂƆƒƇƒŮŤŬƃŒƖƂƇŊƑƈŶƒ
ƇƂƃƍ¾œŮřƚƃŖœƈſťŞƍƒCB radioŖŨƌŞŊƑżœƆƈƒŕ¾œŮřƚƃŖťšŒƍŖœƈſwalkie-talkieŖŨƌŞŊƑżťŞƍƒ
ŖœƈſƇƆŧśƂŊŴƆ¾ƆœŶřƒ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŖŨƌŞŊƑż
CB ŖŨºƌŞŊƍŘŒƍŖŧťſƅŒťŤřŪœŕŧřƆƍƄƒƂƏƃō¾ŮƒƎťƆƏűźřƇŊwalkie-talkieŖŨƌŞƕƇƂƆƒ
ƇƆºŰ¾ºƆŶř¾ŒƍºŞƃŒŖŨƌŞŊƍŧřƆƍƄƒƂƏƃō¾ŮƒœƋŒťƆƇŎżŘŒƍ Əƃō¾ŮřŧŕƂŊŖŧťſƏƄŵ¾ƆŶř radio
ƅŒťŤřºŪƙŒŇœƈśŊŧŤƕƇœƂƆƇƆŘƂŧšřœƆƄƂƎŧŤŊƏƃōŗƒƄŤƇƆ¾ƍšřřƇŊƇƂƆƒƍŗƈƒťƆƃŒœƌƃŘƆŪſƑřƃŒœƒƚŤƃŒ
ŘœőƆŧżœŪƆŘƈŊƍŭŤŬƐŊŴƆŚťšřƃŒŴŕűƃœŕƁƈƂƆƒƍĹŒťŞŧƒŕƂ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŨœƌŞƊƒż¾ƆŶƒƐŦƃŒƎťƆƃŒƇŊƏƈŶƒŒŦƋƍ
¾œŮřƙŒŴűƀƈƒƇŊƇƍťŘŒŧřƆƍƄƒƂƃŒ
œƆƋťšŊŚťšřƒŚƒš half-duplex ťšŒƍťťŧřƏƄŵ¾ƆŶƒƍƒťŒŧƅœŲƈœƆťŤřŪƒƇƒřƈšœŬƑƀőœŪƇƒŕ¾œŮřŒ
ŴƆřŪƒŧŤƕŒƍ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 1
Introduction To Communication Systems
ŠƆŪƒœƆƆŗŽƄřŤƆŘŒťťŧřœƆťŤřŪƒƇƒśťšřƆƃŒƇƒŮŤŬƃŒƇŎżfull-duplexƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶřƑřƃŒƍƒťŒŧƃŒŖŨƌŞŊƑż
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑżŚťšřƃŒœƆƌƃ
first-¾ƍƕŒ¾ºƒŞƃŒ¾ŒƍŞœƒŞƍƃƍƈƂřŕƏƆŪřanalogƐŧŲœƈřƃŒƅœŲƈƃœŕ¾ƆŶřƑřƃŒŗƒƍƄŤƃŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒŗƆŲƈŊ ŗŲšƚƆ
ƅœºŲƈƃœŕŘºƄƆŵƑºřƃŒŗƒƍƄŤƃŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒƅœŲƈƍ1GŨƆŧƃœŕœƌƃŨƆŧƒƍgeneration mobile technology
ƐŊŻœŶºŰŒŗśƚśƑƃŒƍšŕƅŒťŤřŪƚƃŖŧżƍřƆƃŒŘŒƍƈƀƃŒťťŵŘťŒťŨŒŚƒš2GƑƈœśƃŒ¾ƒŞƃŒœŞƒƍƃƍƈƂřƏƆŪřƑƆſŧƃŒ
ƊºƃœƒŞŊƍ¾ŒƍŞƃŒœƒŞƍƃƍƈƂřŧƍűřşŧŬƈŻƍŪƍŖťšŒƍƃŒŗƒƄŤƄƃŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑż¾œŮřƚƃŖŧżƍřƆŖœƈſŠŕŮŊ
ĹœƀšƙTDMA, CDMA, GSMŘŒŧœŮřŤƙœŕŗżƍŧŶƆƃŒ
ÊÆ°´fÕ³:IÔ;oFÕ³Ê_¬³:ʸ»Ö:½¶:Ä:IÔ;oF:;Å:e·
ƍºƋœºƆŕ¾ºſŊŒŦºƋƍűƀżŘŒƍ3Əƃō 0.6 ƇƒŕœƆ¾ŮřŗŰŽŤƈƆŖŧťſ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƅťŤřŪƒ
ŗſœűŕ¾ƆŶř¾œŪŧƗŒŘœűšƆƇŊœƆƂŘŒƍ4ŖŧťƀƃŒŘƈœƂŚƒšCB radioƑżƅťŤřŪƆ
ťƒŨřƇƃ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƍ¾œŪŧƗŒŗűšƆƇƒŕŘŒťťŧřƄƃŗƒűźřƃŒŗƀűƈƆƇŊƑƈŶƒœƆƆœŰƒŊŗŰŽŤƈƆ
œºƒƚŤƑºżŘŒťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪŒŖťœŵō¾ŶރŒŦƋƍ¾ƂŬƃŒŗƒŪŒťŪƃŒŗƒƄŤƃŒŗšœŪƆƇŵ
ŘſƍƃŒũŽƈƑżůŶŕƃŒƅƌŰŶŕŴƆŚťšřƃŒƅƌƈƂƆƒŗƒƄŤ¾ƂƃŭŤŬƐŊƇƂƆƆƎŧŤŊ
ŘŒťťŧřƃŒũŽƈƅŒťŤřŪœŕ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
C ha p t e r
2
Cellular Network Structure
Cellular Network Structure
ÏË»A ÁB£Ã»º λ·ÍA ÔBÃJºA .
Mobile Station (MS)ŗƂŧºšřƆƃŒŗºűšƆƃŒ
The Mobile Equipment or Terminal 1.1.1
The The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) ŗšƒŧŬƃŒ 1.1.2
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS ) : ŗƒŪœŪƕŒŗűšƆƄƃƑŵŧŽƃŒƅœŲƈƃŒ
The Base Station Controller (BSC): ŗƒŵŧŽƃŒŘœűšƆƃŒŔſŒŧƆ
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) ŗƂŕŬƄƃƑŵŧŽƃŒƅœŲƈƃŒŗűšƆ
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)¾ƒœŕƍƆƃŒ ŘœƆƃœƂƆ ¾ƒƍšř ¾ƒťŕřŨƂŧƆ
The Gateway Mobile services Switching Center (GMSC) 1.3.2
Home Location Register (HLR): ƇűƍƆƃŒ ƑŪƒőŧƃŒŧºƀƆƃŒ¾ŞŪ
Visitor Location Register (VLR) :ŧŒƍŨƃŒŧºƀƆ¾ŞŪ
The Authentication Center (AUC)
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
:žƒśƍřƃŒŨƂŧƆ.
:ŖŨƌŞƕŒŻƒŧŶř¾ŞŪ
Mobile Telephone Switching Office(MTSO) 1.4
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
ÏË»A ÁB£Ã»º λ·ÍA ÔBÃJºA .
Cellular Network Structure
=#ÕÑqÑÙl#ØDoXF#¬LlF#J#ÀÐELÏ D#Õ»Mt#ÄÑq·P#È»#
The GSM network can be divided into four main parts:
The Mobile Station (MS).
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS).
The Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS).
ΔϴϔϴχϮϟΔϤψϧϷϦϣΩΪϋΎϬϨϣϞϛϯϮΤϳϭΔϜΒθϠϟϲγΎγϷϡΎψϨϟϦϣϰϋήϓϡΎψϧϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫΎϬϨϣϢδϗϞϛϭ
ϯήΧϷΔϴϋήϔϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Mobile Station (MS)ʯcXSG:ÊXø
:.1
ϝΎΒϘΘγϭϝΎγέ·ίΎϬΟϰϠϋϯϮΘΤϳϭΪϴϟϰϓϞϤΤϳϱάϟ ϝϮΠϟ ϝϮϤΤϤϟίΎϬΟϮϫϭ
A Mobile Station consists of two main elements:
The Mobile Equipment or Terminal. ϝϮΠϟ ϙήΤΘϤϟϒΗΎϬϟ
The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). ϪΤϳήθϟ ΔϴϛάϟΔϗΎτΒϟ
ϙήΘθϤϟΔϳϮϬΑϒϳήόΘϟΓΪΣϭ
1.1.1 The Mobile Equipment or Terminal
There are different types of terminals distinguished principally by
their power and application:
TYPE
Maximum output power
USAGE
FI XED
20 watt
Installed in vehicles
PORTABLE
8
watt
In military comm.
HANDSET
2
watt
Handheld
Table 2- Types of M T in GSM
1.1.2 The The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) :ΔΤϳήθϟ
The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
ϰѧϓΎѧϬΘϴΒΜΗϢΘѧϳήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛΓήϛΫϦϋΓέΎΒϋϰϫϭˬϙήΘθϤϟΔϳϮϬΑϒϳήόΗΓΪΣϭϯ
ΔѧѧϣίϼϟϒѧѧϳήόΘϟϡΎѧѧϗέϭϝΎμѧѧΗϼϟΔѧѧϣίϼϟΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϞѧѧϛϦϳΰѧѧΨΗϢΘѧѧϳϭϝϮѧѧΠϟ
ΖϠμѧΣϲѧΘϟΔϛήθѧϟϦѧϣΔϣΪϘϤϟ IMSI ϞΜϣ ϝϮΠϟΕΎϣΪΨϟϝϮΧΪϟΎΑΡΎϤδϠϟ
SIM ΔΤϳήηϰϠϋΎϬϨϣ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The SIM is a smart card that identifies the terminal. By inserting the SIM card into the
terminal, the user can have access to all the subscribed services. Without the SIM card, the
terminal is not operational. The SIM card is protected by a four-digit Personal Identification
Number (PIN). In order to identify the subscriber to the system, the SIM card contains some
parameters of the user such as its International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). Another
advantage of the SIM card is the mobility of the users. In fact, the only element that
personalizes a terminal is the SIM card. Therefore, the user can have access to its
subscribed services in any terminal using its SIM card.
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS ) :ÊÆf;fÖ:ÊøS¸´³Çc¨³:º;¼³:.2
ΎѧϣϮѧϫϭ ΕϻΎμΗΔϓήϏϪΒϧΎΠΑϭ BTS˰ΑϰϤδϳΎϣϮϫϭ ΕΎϴϮϫΝήΑϦϋΓέΎΒϋ
ϰѧϠϋΕϻΎμѧΗϻΔѧϓήϏϯϮѧΘΤΗϭήѧΜϛϭΪѧΣϭΔѧϴϠΧϞϛϡΪΨϳΚϴΣ BSC˰ΑϰϤδϳ
ϲϮϬϟϰϠϋΕΩΩήΘϟϊϳίϮΗϦϋΔϟϮΌδϤϟϰϫϭϝΪόϤϟ
ϭϪѧϴϠΨΑϰѧτϐϳϥϦѧϜϤϳνέϷ τѧγϰѧϠϋϥΎѧϜϣϯΔѧϴϠΧϡΪѧΨϳ BTS Ϟѧϛ
ϭϢѧϛΎѧΒϳήϘΗ BTS ϝΓΪѧΣϭΎѧϬϴτϐΗϥϊϴτΘδѧϳ ΔѧτϘϧΪѧόΑϥ·ΎѧϳϼΧΓΪѧϋ
ϥΪϤϟϲΣϮοϭϯήϘϟϞΜϣΔϤΣΩΰϣήϴϐϟΔϴΟέΎΨϟϦϛΎϣϷ ϲϓΓΩΎϋϥϮϜΗ
BTS ϰѧϟΝΎѧΘΤϧ Ϋ·ˬϪѧΟέΩΎϫέΪѧϗΔѧϳϭίϲѧτϐϳϲΟΫϮѧϤϨϟ BTS ˰ѧϟ
.ΔΟέΩΔϴτϐΘϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The Base Station Controller (BSC): ΔϴϋήϔϟΕΎτΤϤϟΐϗήϣ.2.1
ϮѧϳΩήϟϝΎμѧΗΩέϮѧϣήϳΪѧΗϲΘϟϲϫϭ … BTS˰ϟϦϣΔϋϮϤΠϣϰϓϢϜΤΘΗBCS˰ϟ
ΐѧΛϭ ΰѧϔϗϡΎѧψϧ ϭˬϮѧϳΩήϟΓΎѧϨϗΩΪѧϋ·ϊѧϣϞѧϣΎόΘΗ … BTS ΓΪѧϋϭΪѧΣϭ BTS ˰ѧϟ
ϞѧϳΎΑϮϤϟ˯Ύѧτϋ·ϰѧϨόϤΑϯήΧϷϪϴϠΧ ϦϣϢϴϠδΘϟϭ Frequency Hopping ΕΩΩήΘϟ
ˬ Handovers ˰ѧΑϰϤδѧϳΎѧϣϮѧϫϭϪѧόϗϮϣϭϪѧΘϴϠΧήѧϴϐϳ ΎϣΪѧϨϋΪѧϳΪΟΩΩήΗ ϝϮΠϟ
τѧγϰѧϠϋϞѧϘϨϟˬϊѧϗϮϤϟβѧϔϧϲѧϓ BTS ΓΪѧϋϭ BSC ΪѧΠΗϑϮѧγϥΎѧϴΣϷήѧΜϛϲѧϓ
.ΕΎϳΎϨΒϟ ϯΪΣ
The BSC controls a group of BTS and manages their radio
resources. A BSC is principally in charge of handovers, frequency
hopping, exchange functions and control of the radio frequency
power levels of the BTSs.
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) 3Ê°Ck´³Çc¨³:º;¼³:Êø.3
ϯήѧΧϷΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕΎϜΒθѧϟϊѧϣϭΔѧϣΎόϟΔϜΒθѧϟϊѧϣΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΔϜΒθѧϟϞμѧϳϱάϟϮϫϭˬΔϜΒθϠϟϞϘόϟ NSSήΒΘόϳ
ΔѧϣΪΧϭήϴΗϮѧϔϟΔϤψϧ ϪϴϓϦϤϜΗϭΎϬΟέΎΧϭΔϜΒθϟϞΧΩϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟΕΎϛήΤΗϊϣΔϜΒθϟϞϤϋϢψϨϳϱάϟϮϫϭ
ΦϟΎϬόϣϝΎμΗϻϖϴϘΤΗ ΩήϤϟΕΎϜΒθϟϰϟ·ϝΎμΗϻϪϴΟϮΗ
The different components of the NSS are described below.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)ϞϳΎΑϮϤϟ ΕΎϤϟΎϜϣ ϞϳϮΤΗ ϞϳΪΒΗΰϛήϣ.3.1
BSCs ˰ϟϦϣΔϋϮϤΠϣήϳΪϳϭϯήΧϢγΎϘϣϊϣϝΎμΗϻϢψϨϳϮϫϭέϮτΘϣϲϤϗέϲϔΗΎϫϢδϘϣϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫ
ϊϴϤΟήϓϮϳΰϛήϤϟϥϰϟ·ϪϓΎοϻΎΑΔϴϜϠδϟϒΗϮϬϟϡΎψϧϲϓ ΓΪΟϮΘϤϟϞΜϣΔϳΩΎϴΘϋϪϟΪΒϛϞϤόϳϭϪϟΔόΑΎΘϟ
: ϞΜϣ ϝϮΠϟ ϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΎϬΟΎΘΤϳϲΘϟϒΎχϮϟ
Registration ˰ϟΎΑϑήόϳΎϣϭΔϜΒθϟϊϣϞΠδϣϞϳΎΑϮϤϟ Ϟϫ
Authentication , ˰ϟΎΑϰϤδϳΎϣϭ ΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑϪϟΡήμϣϞϳΎΑϮϤϟϞϫ
Location Updating
˰ϟΎΑϑήόϳΎϣϭΔϜΒθϟϲϓ ϝϮΠϟ ϞϳΎΑϮϤϟϊϗϮϣΚϳΪΤΗ ΔϔϴχϭϡΪϘϳΎπϳ
ϝΎμΗϻ ϞϳϮΤΗϭϪϴΟϮΗΔϔϴχϭΎϨϟϡΪϘϳϭ HandOvers ˰ϟΎΑ ϑήόϳΎϣϭ BTS's ˰ϟϦϴΑϢϴϠδΘϟΔϴϠϤόΑϡϮϘϳϭ
Romaing subscriber ϦϴϟϮΠΘϤϟϦϴϛήΘθϤϠϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
ϭ PTSN ϲϜϠδϟϒΗϮϬϟϢδϘϣΔϜΒηϞΜϣΔΘΑΎΜϟΔϴϠΤϤϟ ΕΎϜΒθϟϊϣςΑήϟϭϝΎμΗϻΎϨϟϡΪϘϳ MSC ˰ϟ
.(ISDN ) ΔϠϣΎϜΘϤϟΕΎϣΪΨϠϟΔϴϤϗήϟΔϜΒθϟ
˰ϟΎΑϑήόϳΎϣ ϭϪόΒγϢϗέϱέΎηϻϡΎψϨϟϲϫΔϜΒθϟϲϓΕΎϣΪΨϟϩάϫϦϴΑ ΐσΎΨΘϟΔϐϟ
ϒΗΎϬϟϢδϘϤϛΔϴϜϠδϟΕΎϜΒθϟ ϲϓΎπϳϲϫϭ( Signaling System number 7: SS7)
. BSC's˰ϟϊϴϤΟϪϴϟΙΪΤΘΗϱάϟ ϡΎψϨϟϮϫΰϛήϤϟάϫ
The Gateway Mobile services Switching Center (GMSC) 1.3.2
A gateway is a node interconnecting two networks. The GMSC is the interface
between the mobile cellular network and the PSTN. It is in charge of routing
calls from the fixed network towards a GSM user. The GMSC is often
implemented in the same machines as the MSC.
ϦѧϋϝΆδѧϤϟϮѧϫϭ PSTN ΖѧΑΎΜϟϥϮѧϔϴϠΘϟΔϜΒѧηϭΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟϞѧϳΎΑϮϤϟΔϜΒѧηϦϴѧΑϞѧλϮϟΔѧτϘϧϦѧϋΓέΎѧΒϋϮѧϫ
βϜόϟϭϝϮϤΤϤϟϥϮϔϴϠΘϟϭϲοέϷϥϮϔϴϠΘϟϦϣΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϟϪϴΟϮΗ
Home Location Register (HLR): ϦσϮϤϟ ϲδϴήϟή˰ϘϤϟϞΠγ.3.3
ϲѧϓϢϜΤΘѧϟϦѧϣΔϜΒθϟϦϴϜϤΘϟϙήΘθϣϞϜϟΔλΎΨϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϪϴϓφϔΤΗϢΩϞΠγϭΕΎϧΎϴΑΓΪϋΎϗϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫϭ
ΔϜΒθѧϟϡΪΨΘѧγΎΑϡΪΨΘδѧϤϠϟΡΎϤδѧϠϟΔѧΑϮϠτϤϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϊϴϤΠϟϱΰϛήϣωΩϮΘδϣϮϬϓϙήΘθϤϠϟιΎΨϟϝΎμΗϻ
ϩάѧϫϰѧϟ·ΔϓΎѧοϹΎΑϙήΘθϤϠϟΔΣΎΘϤϟΔϤϤΘϤϟΕΎϣΪΨϟΎϬϴϓΎϤΑϙήΘηϻϞϴλΎϔΗΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϩάϫϦϤπΘΗΎϤϛ
ϲѧϓ Ϯѧϫ Ϟѧϫ MS ˰ѧϟΔѧϟΎΣ ϒμѧΗΎѧϤϛ ϙήΘθѧϤϠϟ ϑϭήѧόϣϊѧοϮϣήѧΧϒμѧΗΓήѧϴϐΘϣΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣΪΟϮΗΔΘΑΎΜϟΕΎϴτόϤϟ
ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ϝΎΒϘΘγϻ ΰϫΎΟ Ϯϫ Ϟϫ ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ϱήΠϳϞϫ ΔϣΪΨϟΝέΎΧ ϡΔϣΪΨϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
ϲѧΘϟϭ HLR ΕΎѧϴτόϤϟ ΓΪѧϋΎϗ ϰѧϟ·SIM˰ѧϟϲѧϓ ΓΩϮѧΟϮϤϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟ ξѧόΑϞѧγήΗΔѧϤϟΎϜϣ ϙήΘθѧϤϟϱήѧΠϳΎϣΪѧϨϋ
ϞΠδѧΗϭ έήϤΘѧγΎΑ ϙήΘθѧϤϟΩϮѧΟϭϥΎѧϜϣ Ϧѧϋ ΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟΩΪѧΠΘΗ ϭ ήѧΧϙήΘθѧϣ Ϧѧϋ ϩΰѧϴϤΗϭ ϙήΘθѧϤϟϰѧϠϋ ϑήѧόΘΗ
HLR˰ϟϲϓ ΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϟϞγήϳϱάϟϥϮϔϠΘϟ ΓΰϬΟ Ϣϗέ ϭ ϙήΘθϤϟϰϟ·ΔϬΟϮϤϟϞΎγήϟ
˯ΪѧΑ ΪϨϋ ΔϜΒθϟϡϮϘΗ ΚϴΣ ΔϜΒθϟϊϣ ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ˯ήΟΈΑΔϜΒθϟΪΒΗΎϣΪϨϋ ΔλΎΧ ΓέϮμΑΓΪϴϔϣ ΔϴϜϴϣΎϨϳΪϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϥ·
Ϧϋ ϭ ΖϗϮϟ ϚϟΫ ϲϓ ϭ ϞϘϨΘϤϟϩίΎϬΟ ΔϟΎΣ ϭ ϙήΘθϤϠϟ ϑϭήόϣϊοϮϣήΧϦϋ ϦϴΒ˰ΘΘϟ HLR ˰ϟΏϮΠΘγΎΑ ΔϤϟΎϜϤϟ
ΏϮϠτϤϟϡΪΨΘδϤϟϊϗϮϣ ΪϳΪΤΗϭ ΔϤϟΎϜϤϟέΎδϣ ΪϳΪΤΗϢΘϳΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟ ϩάϫ ϖϳήσ
ϥΰѧΨϳ ϙήΘθѧϤϟϰϠϋ ϑήόΘϟΎΑΔϜΒθϠϟϤδϳΎϤϣ ϙήΘθϤϠϟ ΐΣΎμϤϟϱήδϟήϴϔθΘϟ ΡΎΘϔϣ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳ HLR ˰ϟϥ·
HLR ΪѧΟϮϳ ΓΩΎѧόϟΎΑϭ Γήϔθѧϟϩάϫ Ϛϓ ϰϠϋ έΩΎϘϟΪϴΣϮϟϮϫ ϖϴΛϮΘϟΰϛήϣϥ ΚϴΣ ϱήγ ΰϣέ ϞϜηϰϠϋ ΡΎΘϔϤϟάϫ
ϲϓΎο·ϢϋΩ HLR ΩϮΟϭ ϦϜϤϳήϣϷϰπΘϗΫ·ϦϜϟϭ ΔϜΒθϟϲϓ ΪϴΣϭ
Visitor Location Register (VLR) :έϭΰϟή˰ϘϣϞΠγ.3.4
Δϳέϭήѧο ΔѧΒϗήϤϟϩάѧϫ ϥ ΚѧϴΣ ΔϜΒθѧϟήѧΒϋ ϦϴѧϠϘϨΘϤϟϦϴϛήΘθϤϟΎΑΔϘϠόΘϤϟΔΘϗΆϤϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϠϟ ϥΰΨϣ Ϧϋ ΓέΎΒϋ Ϯϫ
˰ѧϟ Ϫѧϴϓ ΪѧΟϮϳϥΎѧϜϣ Ϟѧϛ ϲѧϓ VLR ˰ѧϟΪѧΟϮΘϳ ϭ ΩϮѧΟϮϣ ΔѧϴϠΧ ϱϲѧϓ ϙ ήΘθѧϣ Ϟѧϛ ΩϮѧΟϭ ϥΎѧϜϣΔϜΒθϟΩΪΤΗ ϲϜϟ
ϥΎϛ ΫΎϤϴϓ ήψϨϟ ξϐΑϭ ΔΘϗΆϣ ΕϼΠδϟϩάϫ ϥϮϜΗϭϲϠΤϤϟ MSC ˰Ϡϟ ϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟϦϋ ΕϼΠγ ϚϠϤϳ ϭMSC
ϡϮѧϳϞϛΎϋΎΒΗ VLR ˰ϟϲϓ ΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϩάϫ ΙΪΤΗ ϭ ήΧ MSC ˰ϟ ϭϲϠΤϤϟ MSC ˰ϟβϔϨϟ ϊΑΎΗϡΪΨΘδϤϟάϫ
ΪѧΣΎѧϬΒϠσ ΔѧϤϟΎϜϣ ΊθѧϨΘϟ ϭΔѧϤϟΎϜϤϟϪѧϴΟϮΗϦѧϣ ϦϜϤΘѧΘϟ VLR ˰ѧϟϲѧϓ ΓΪѧΟϮΘϤϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϩάѧϬϟ ΔϜΒθϟΝΎΘΤΗϭ
ϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
The Authentication Center (AUC)
:ϖϴΛϮΘϟΰϛήϣ.3.5
Ϧѧϋ Δϳήѧγ ΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣϥΰΨϳϮϬϓ ΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑϞϳΎΑϮϤϠϟϞϳϮΤΘϟΎΑήϣϭϷ ϲτόϳϱάϟΔϜΒθϠϟϦϣϷΰϛήϣϮϫάϫ
Ϧѧϣ ϦϴϛήΘθѧϤϟΔѧϳΎϤΣ ϢΘѧΗ ϚϟάѧΑϭ ΔѧϳϮϠΨϟΔϜΒθѧϟϰѧϟέϮΒόϟΎѧΑ ςѧϘϓ ΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϩάѧϫ ΐΣΎμѧϟ ϴѧΘϳ ΎѧϤϣ ϦϴϛήΘθѧϤϟ
ϝϼѧΧ Ϧѧϣ ϚѧϟΫ ϭ ήϴϔθѧΘϟϭ ϖѧϴΛϮΘϟΕΎѧϴϠϤϋ ϲѧϓ ϡΎѧϫ έϭΪѧΑ AUC ˰ѧϟϡϮѧϘϳ ΎѧϤϛϢϫΎΒδѧΤϟ ϲϟΎѧϴΘΣϻϡΪΨΘѧγϻ
SIM˰ϟϲϓ ΔϧΰΨϣ ϯήΧϭ ϪΑΔλΎΧ ΕΎϧΎϴΑ ΓΪϋΎϗ ϲϓ ΔϧΰΨϣ ΕΎϣϮϠόϣ
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
:ΓΰϬΟϷϒϳήόΗϞΠγ.3.6
ϲѧϓ ΔϠΠδѧϣ ήѧϴϏ ϭΔϗϭήδѧϣ ϲѧϫ ϞϫϞϳΎΑϮϤϟΓΰϬΟΔϴϋήηϦϣ Ϊϛ΄ΘϟϩέϭΩϥϮϜϳϭ ΔϴϨϣϷΔϔϴχϮϟϲϓ ϙέΎθϳϮϫ ϭ
ΓέΎѧΒϋϮѧϫϭˬϞѧϳΎΑϮϤϟίΎѧϬΠϟϒѧϳήόΘϟϡΎѧϗέ ϞѧϜϟΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣΓΪϋΎϗϦϋΓέΎΒϋϮϫ IMEIϖϳήσ Ϧϋ ϚϟΫϭ ΔϜΒθϟ
˰ѧΑϰϤδѧϳΎѧϣϮѧϫϭϪѧΑιΎѧΧϢѧϗέϪѧϟϢϟΎѧόϟϲѧϓ ίΎѧϬΟϞϛϭϪϟΔόϨμϤϟΔϛήθϟϞΒϗϦϣίΎϬΠϟϞΧΩϊοϮϳϢϗέ Ϧϋ
ϞΠδѧϟάѧϫϭ International Mobile Equipment Identity ϲϤϟΎѧόϟϙήѧΤΘϤϟίΎѧϬΟ ϒѧϳήόΗIMEI
ϢϮϗϭϡΎδϗΙϼΛϰϠϋϱϮΘΤϳ
ΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑΔΣήμϤϟ ΓΰϬΟϷϲϫϭ White list ˯ΎπϴΒϟΔϤΎϘϟ
ΔϗϭήδϤϟΓΰϬΟϷϞΜϣΔϜΒθϟϡΪΨΘγΎΑΎϬϟΡήμϣήϴϐϟΓΰϬΟϷϲϫϭ Black List ˯ΩϮδϟΔϤΎϘϟ
έΎΒΘΧϻΖΤΗϥϮϜΗϲΘϟΓΰϬΟϷϲϫϭ Gray List ΔϳΩΎϣήϟ ΔϤΎϘϟ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
Chapter 2
Cellular Network Structure
Mobile Telephone Switching Office(MTSO) 1.4
ƉŦºƋťťºŵ¾Ůºƒťºſƍ¾ŒƍŞƃŒŻřŒƍƋƅťŤřŪřŗƈƒťƆ¾ƂƑżťŞƍř¾œŪŧƗŒŘœűšƆƇƆŧƒŕƂťťŵƇŎżŗƒœƌƈƃŒƑż
Mobile Telephone Switching Office ƅŪœŕŻŧŶřŘƚƒƍšřƄƃŗƒŨƂŧƆŗűšƆœƌŕƅƂšřƒƍŘœőƆƃœŕŘœűšƆƃŒ
¾ºƂűºŕŧƏƄŵœŰƒŊ¾ƆŶřƍ œƒƚŤƃŒ ŗƈƒťƆƃŒƑżŖŧŬřƈƆƃŒŘœűšƆƃŒƑżƅƂšřƃŒƏƄŵŗűšƆƃŒƉŦƋ¾ƆŶř(MTSO)
ƐťƒƄƀřƃŒ¾œŮřƙŒƅœŲƈŕ¾ƆŶřƑřƃŒŗƒŰŧƕŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒŴƆŗƃŒƍŞƃŒŻřŒƍƌƃŒƇƆŘƙœŮřƙŒ
ŗºűšƆƑºżŧřƍƒŕƆƂƇŵŖŧœŕŵƍƋƍ MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching OfficeŘƚƒƍšřƃŒŔřƂƆ
ŧºƆƕŒƑűŶƒƍƁƃŒƍŞƃ¾ŮřƑřƃŒŖŧœŬƗŒŖƍſũƒƀƒƍƊŕƀŶřƒƍ¾ŒƍŞƃŒƅœŲƈ¾ƂƑżƅƂšřƒƍ¾ŒƍŞƃœŕŗŮœŤƃŒ ¾œŪŧƗŒ
œºƒƚŤƃŒ¾ºƂƑºżŖťƍŞƍƆƃŒŗƒƍƀřƃŒŘœűšƆ¾ƂűŕŧƒƊƈŊœƆƂƍŖŧœŬƗŒŻŶŰřœƆťƈŵƎŧŤŊŗƒƄŤƏƃō¾œƀřƈƚƃ
ƁřœƆƃœƂƆƃŖŧƍřœŽƃŒŗƆƒſŔœŪšœŰƒŊƊƆœƌƆƇƆƍŗƒŨƂŧƆƃŒŗűšƆƃŗŶŕœřƃŒ
Eng. Mohammed Abd EL-Kader
C ha p t e r
Modern Wireless Communication
Systems
Introduction
Ñ__¾f³¾
First Generation 1G
½ÊÝA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
Second Generation 2G
ÎÂBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
Multiple AccessΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ϱΩΩήΘϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.
Time division multiple access (TDMA) ϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Code division multiple access (CDMA) ϱΩϮϜϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
ϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟΎϬΑϞϤόΗϲΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟ
Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)ΔϴϜϠγϼϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϤϟΎόϟϡΎψϨϟ
2.2.2 HSCSD : (High Speed Circuit Switched Data)
2.2.3 GPRS : (General Packet Radio Services)
2.2.4 EDGE : (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution)
3G SºBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
ΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟΎϬΑϞϤόΗϲΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟ
Tri-Mode ϲΛϼΜϟςϤϨϟϝϮΟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
ϊѧϣϞѧϣΎόΘϟϰѧϓΎϬϤϋΪѧϳϲѧΘϟΕΎѧϴϨϘΘϟϭϝϮѧΠϟϞѧϴΟϮѧϫΎѧϨϫΎΒΘϧΖѧϔϠϳΎѧϣϝϭϥΈѧϓΪϳΪΟϝϮΟϰϨΘϘϧϥϝϭΎΤϧΎϣΪϨϋ
ϲϧΎѧѧΜϟϞѧѧϴΠϟϭϝϭϷϞѧѧϴΠϟϦѧѧϣΕϻϮѧѧΟϙΎѧѧϨϬϓˬϢϟΎѧѧόϟ˯ΎѧѧΤϧ·ϊѧѧϴϤΟϰѧѧϓΓΪѧѧϤΘόϤϟΓΪѧѧϳΪόϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΔѧѧϤψϧϭΕΎϜΒѧѧη
ΔϜΒθϟϭϝϮΠϟϰϠϋΖϠΧΩϲΘϟΔϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϰϠϋΪϤΘόϳήΧϰϟ·ϞϴΟϦϣϝΎϘΘϧϻϭˬΚϟΎΜϟϭ
First Generation 1G ½ÊÝA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .1
˰ѧѧΑΖϴϤѧѧγϭ AnalogSystemϱήχΎѧѧϨΘϟϡΎѧѧψϨϟΎΑΔѧѧϟϮΠϟΕΎѧѧϧϮϔϠΘϟΕήѧѧϬχ ϡΎѧѧόϟϲѧѧϓ
ΕΎѧϧϮϔϠΘϟΔѧϤψϧϱAMPS˱έΎμѧΘΧΐѧΘϜΗϲѧΘϟϭAdvanced Mobile Phone System
ΎѧѧϣϝϭϭFCCΔѧѧϴϟϭΪϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΔδѧѧγΆϣϦѧѧϣΩΎѧѧϤΘϋϻϰѧѧϠϋΖϠμѧѧΣϲѧѧΘϟϭΓέϮѧѧτΘϤϟΔѧѧϟϮΠϟ
ϦϴѧΑΕΩΩήѧΘϟϦѧϣϯΪѧϣAMPSΕϻϮѧΟΖϣΪΨΘѧγΔѧϴϜϳήϣϷϮϏΎϜϴηΔϳϻϭϲϓΖϣΪΨΘγ
ΰΗήϴϫΎΠϴϣ ϭΰΗήϴϫΎΠϴϣ
ϦѧϣΔϴϜϠδѧϟΕΎѧϧϮϔϠΘϟΔϜΒѧηβϓΎѧϨΗϭΓΪѧϳΪΟΔϴϜϠѧγϻϒѧΗϮϫΔϜΒηϢϋΪϟΎϬόγϭϲϓΎϣϞϛΔϴϜϳήϣϷΔϣϮϜΤϟΖϠϤϋϭ
ϲϤѧγϭϥΎϜϣϞϛϲϓϪΘόοϭϭΔϴϜϠγϼϟΔϜΒθϠϟΔϣΪΧΩϭΰϣϚϟάϟΖμμΨϓˬϡΪΨΘδϤϠϟΔΒδϨϟΎΑέΎόγϷϭϒϴϟΎϜΘϟΚϴΣ
BϲϧΎΜϟϭAϝϭϻϲϤγϦϴϠϗΎϧϦϣΔϣΪΧΩϭΰϣϞϛϥϮϜΘϳϭˬϲϠΤϤϟΔϣΪΨϟΩϭΰϤΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
ϝΎμѧΗΓΎϨϗϞϛΖϧϮϜΗϭΕΎϧΎϴΒϠϟΩΩήΗϭΕϮμϠϟΩΩήΗ ϢϬϨϣBϭAϦϴϠϗΎϨϠϟϒϠΘΨϣΩΩήΗκϴμΨΗϢΗ
ΕϮμѧϟϞѧϘϧϥΎϤπѧϟϚѧϟΫϭΰΗήϴϫϮѧϠϴϛωΎδѧΗΎΑΕΩΩήѧΘϟΕήѧϴΘΧϭϝΎΒϘΘѧγϼϟϲϧΎѧΜϟϭϝΎѧγέϺϟΪѧΣϭϦϳΩΩήΗϦϣ
ϲϜϠδϟϝΎμΗϻΓΩϮΠΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
IÔ:ÄX:½·¶ÃÖ:µÆ:µ¸ÉcX°§
ΓήϴϐΘϣΔϳϮϳΩέΕΩΩήΗϰϠϋϝϭϷϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟϞϤϋΓήϜϓΕΪϤΘϋ
ϝΎμѧΗϻϚѧϟΫϴѧΘϳΚѧϴΣϦϴϣΪΨΘδѧϤϟΕϮѧλϞϘϨϟΓήϤΘδϣΔϘϳήτΑ
ϝϮѧΟϞѧϛϡΪΨΘδѧϳϭϝΎѧγέϹΔѧτΤϤΑϱϮѧϠΧϒΗΎѧϫϦѧϣήΜϛϷ ΩΪόΘϤϟ
ϞѧϛΚѧϴΣΔѧϧϮϠϤϟΔσήѧηϷΎΑϞϜθѧϟϲѧϓѧοϮϣ ϮѧϫΎϤϛϒϠΘΨϣΩΩήΗ
ϚѧϠΗϲϓωΎτϘϧϻήϴθϳϭˬΓΪΣϭΔϤϟΎϜϤϟκμΨϣΩΩήΗϦϋήΒόϳϥϮϟ
ϢΩϞϜθΑϥϮϜϳϻΕϮϨϘϟϚϠΗ ϡΪΨΘγϥϰϟ·ΔσήηϷ
ϦϴѧѧΑΕϼΧΪѧѧΗΙϭΪѧѧΣϡΪѧѧϋϦϤπѧѧΘϟΰΗήϫΎѧѧΠϴϣ˰ѧѧΑΎϬπѧѧόΑϦѧѧϋΓΎѧѧϨϗϞѧѧϜϟΔϠΒϘΘδѧѧϤϟϦѧѧϋΔϠѧѧγήϤϟΕΩΩήѧѧΘϟϞμѧѧϔϳϭ
ΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϠϟϝΩΎѧѧΒΗΓΎѧѧϨϗϭ Voice Channel ϝΎμѧѧΗΓΎѧѧϨϗ ϰѧѧϠϋϯϮѧѧΘΤϳϞѧѧϗΎϧϞѧѧϛϭϞΒϘΘδѧѧϤϟϭϞѧѧγήϤϟ
ϲϟΰϨϤϟϒΗΎϬϟϭϝϮΠϟϒΗΎϬϟϦϴΑΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϝΩΎΒΘϟϡΪΨΘδΗ Control Channel
Narrowband Advanced Mobile ϱNAMPSϰϤδѧϳΎѧϣϰϟ·ΔϳήχΎϨΘϟΕϻϮΠϟϦϣΔϤψϧϷϩάϫΕέϮτΗϭ
ϤδѧΘϟΔѧϴϤϗέΕΎѧϴϨϘΗϝΎѧΧΩ·ϢѧΗΚѧϴΣϖϴπϟϕΎτϨϟΕΫΓέϮτΘϤϟΔϟϮΠϟΕΎϧϮϔϴϠΘϟΔϤψϧϱPhone Service
ΕϻϮѧΠϟΔѧϴϤϗήϟΕΎѧϴϨϘΘϟϝΎѧΧΩ·ϦѧϣϢϏήϟΎΑϭΓΎϨϗϞϜϟΕήϣΙϼΜΑήΜϛΕϻΎμΗ˯ήΟϹΎϬΗέΪϗΓΩΎϳΰΑΔϤψϧϷϩάϬϟ
ϞѧΜϣΓέϮѧτΘϤϟΕΎϣΪѧΨϟϦѧϣΪѧϳΪόϟϢϋΪѧΗϻϭΰΗήϫΎѧΠϴϣΩΩήѧΗϰϠϋϞϤόΗΔϳήχΎϨΗήΒΘόΗΖϴϘΑΎϬϧϻ·NAMPS
ΖϧήΘϧϻϔμΗϭϲϧϭήΘϜϟϻΪϳήΒϟ
ˮΖϗϮϟβϔϧϰϓϝϮΠϟϡΪΨΘγϢϬϨϜϤϳϦϳάϟΓΪΣϮϟΔϴϠΨϟϰϓιΎΨηϷΩΪϋϢϛ
ϲѧѧΘϟΔѧѧλΎΨϟΕΩΩήѧѧΘϟϦѧѧϣΔѧѧϋϮϤΠϣΎѧѧϬϟϥϮϜϴѧѧγΔѧѧϴϠΧϞѧѧϛϥΎѧѧϓςѧѧϘϓΎѧѧϳϼΧϊΒѧѧγϰѧѧϟ·ϪϤδѧѧϘϣΔѧѧϨϳΪϤϟϥΎϨѧѧοήΘϓϮѧѧϟ
ϯήΧΔϴϠΧϊϣϞΧΪΗΙΪΤϳϥϥϭΩΎϬϣΪΨΘδΗ
ϝϮΠϟϡΪΨΘγϻΔΣΎΘϤϟϮϳΩήϟΕΩΩήΗϦϣΩΪϋΔϨϳΪϣϞϛϰϓΪΟϮϳ
ϰѧϨόϳάѧϫϭ ωΎϤΘγϻ ϝΎΒϘΘγϼϟϲϧΎΜϟϭ ΙΪΤΘϟ ϝΎγέϺϟΪΣϭϦϳΩΩήΗϡΪΨΘδϳϝΎμΗ˯ήΟ·ΪϨϋϝϮΟϞϛ
ΕϮѧϨϗϡΪΨΘѧγϻΩΩήѧΗΩΪѧϋϰѧϘΒΘϳϭ ΔѧϨϳΪϤϟϰѧϓΔѧϴϠΧϞϜϟ ϝΎγέ·ΔτΤϣϞϜϟϝΎμΗΓΎϨϗ ΪΟϮϳϪϧ
ϢϜΤΘϟ
ΓήϓϮѧΘϣΓΎѧϨϗΎѧϬΑΪΟϮϳΔϴϠΧϞϛϥΎϓάϟΓήϓϮΘϤϟΔόΒδϟϦϣΪΣϭΩΩήΗϰϟςϘϓΝΎΘΤΗΔϴϠΧϞϛϥΚϴΣϭ
ϝΎμΗϼϟ
ΖϗϮϟβϔϧϰϓϝϮΠϟϒΗϮϫϝϼΧϦϣΙΪΤΘϟϢϬϨϜϤϳΓΪΣϮϟΔϴϠΨϟϰϓκΨηήΧϰϨόϤΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Second Generation 2G ÎÂBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
ϥήѧϘϟϦѧϣΕΎϨϴόδѧΘϟϲѧϓΎϬϣΪΨΘѧγΪѧΑϲѧΘϟϭϲѧϤϗήϟϡΎѧψϨϟΎΑϞѧϤόΗΕϻϮΟϝϭϲϫ2GϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟήΒΘόΗ
ϡΪΨΘδѧΗϦѧϜϟϭ 1G ϱήχΎѧϨΘϟϝϮѧΠϟϥϮѧϔϠΘϟϲѧϓΎѧϤϛϮϳΩήϟΎϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΗβϔϧϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϝϮΟϡΪΨΘδϳϭˬϲοΎϤϟ
ΚѧϴΣΎѧϬϟϊΑΎѧΘϟΔϜΒθѧϟϭϝϮѧΠϟϦϴѧΑΔϟΩΎΒΘϤϟΓέΎηϹΕΎϴϧΎϜϣ·ϞϛϡΪΨΘδΗϻϱήχΎϨΘϟϡΎψϨϟϲϔϓˬΔϔϠΘΨϣΔϘϳήτΑ
ςϐѧοϢΘѧϳΔѧϴϤϗήϟΓέΎηϹϲϓϦϜϟϭΔϴϤϗήϟΓέΎηϹϞΜϣΔϳήχΎϨΘϟΓέΎηϹήϴϔθΗϭςϐοϢΘϳϥϦϜϤϤϟήϴϏϦϣϪϧ
ϡΪΨΘδϤϟϱΩΩήΘϟϯΪϤϟβϔϨϟΕϮϨϘϟΩΪϋΓΩΎϳΰΑϤδϳΎϤϣΓέΎηϹΔΠϟΎόϣΓΩΎϋ·ϭ
Binary ϲΎѧϨΜϟΩΪѧόϟϡΎѧψϨΑΔѧϴϤϗέΕΎѧϣϮϠόϣϰѧϟ·ΙΪѧΤΘϤϟϦѧϋΓέΩΎμѧϟΔϴΗϮμѧϟΓέΎѧηϹϝϮѧΤΗΔϴϤϗήϟΕϻϮΠϟ
ήϴ˰ϔθѧΗϢΘѧϳϢѧΛˬϦϴϤϗήѧϟϦϳάѧϫϦѧϣΔϧϮϜϣΕΎϣϮϠόϣϦϋΓέΎΒϋΔϴΗϮμϟΓέΎηϹΒμΘϓ ϭ ϦϴϤϗέϦϣϥϮϜϤϟϭ
ϦѧϜϤϤϟϦѧϣϞѧόΠϳΕΎϧΎϴΒϟςϐοϥΎϤϛˬΓήϴμϗΔϴϨϣίΓήΘϓϰϓϭΔϴϟΎϋΓ˯ΎϔϜΑΎϬϟΎγέ·ϞϬδϴϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϩάϫςϐοϭ
ΕΰѧѧϴϬΠΘϟβѧѧϔϧϰѧѧϠϋΓΪѧѧΣϭΔѧѧϤϟΎϜϣϊѧѧϣΔѧѧϧέΎϘϤϟΎΑΓΪѧѧΣϭΓήѧѧϣΕϻΎμѧѧΗϰѧѧϟ·ϦѧѧϣϞμѧѧϳΩΪѧѧϋϞѧѧϤϋϢΘѧѧϳϥ
ΓέΎѧηϹϢδѧϘΗΚѧϴΣΖѧϗϮϟβѧϔϧϰѧϓϡΪΨΘδѧϣϦѧϣήѧΜϛϷΓΪѧΣϭΓΎѧϨϗϡΪΨΘγϦϜϤϴϓϱήχΎϨΘϟϡΎψϨϟϰϓΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟ
ήθѧϟωίϮѧΘΗϞΒϘΘδѧϤϟϰѧϟ·ΎѧϬϟΎϘΘϧ˯ΎѧϨΛϭϝϮѧΠϠϟϡΪΨΘδѧϤϟϥϮϨόΑΩϮϛϞϤΤΗΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϦϣήηϰϟ·ΔϴϜϠγϼϟ
(GSM : ΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧΗϼϟϲϤϟΎѧόϟϡΎѧψϨϟΎΑάѧϫϰϤδѧϳϭϝΎΒϘΘѧγϻΪѧϨϋΎѧϬόϴϤΠΗΩΎѧόϳϢѧΛΕΩΩήѧΘϟϕΎѧτϧϰѧϠϋ
Global Systems for Mobile Communication)
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Multiple Access ef§NA ½Ëu˺A
ϲѧϓϡΪΨΘδѧΗΔѧϔϠΘΨϣΕΎѧϴϨϘΗΙϼѧΛϙΎѧϨϫϭΕϻϮѧΠϟϦѧϣϲϧΎѧΜϟϞѧϴΠϟϞϴϐθѧΘϟΔϣΪΨΘδѧϤϟΕΎѧϴϨϘΘϟΡήθΑϡϮϘϧϑϮγ
ϲϫβϜόϟϭΔϜΒθϟϰϟ·ϝϮΠϟϦϣΔϴϤϗήϟΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϞϘϨϟϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕϻϮΟ
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ϱΩΩήΘϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Time division multiple access (TDMA) ϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
Code division multiple access (CDMA) ϱΩϮϜϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ
ϼΜѧϤϓΎѧϬϠϤϋΓήѧϜϓϦѧϣΖϘΘѧηΔϴϤϠόϟΔϴϤδΘϟϩάϬϓϪδϔϧΡήθϳΔΛϼΜϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϦϣΔϴϨϘΗϞϜϟϱΰϴϠΠϧϹϠτμϤϟϭ
ΔϣΪΨΘδѧϤϟΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϰѧϟ·ήϴθѧΗΎѧϬϧΪΠϨϓCodeϭTimeϭFrequency ϲϫϭΔϴϨϘΗϞϛϦϣϰϟϭϷΔϤϠϜϟΎϧάΧϮϟ
ΪѧϤΘόΗΔѧΜϟΎΜϟϭϦϣΰѧϟϰѧϠϋΪѧϤΘόΗΔѧϴϧΎΜϟϭΩΩήѧΘϟϰѧϠϋΪѧϤΘόϳϰϟϭϷΎѧϓˬΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϞϗΎϨΗϲϓΔϜΒθϟϰϟ·ϝϮΧΪϟΔϘϳήτϟ
ϰѧϟ·ϝϮΧΪѧϟΔѧϘϳήσϰѧϠϋΪѧϤΘόϳΕΎѧϤϟΎϜϤϟϞμѧϓΔѧϘϳήσϥϰѧϟ·ήϴθΗϲϬϓdivisionΔϴϧΎΜϟΔϤϠϜϟΎϣΓήϔθϟϰϠϋ
ϲϟΎΘϟϮΤϨϟϰϠϋΔϴϨϘΗϞϛϒλϮϧϥΎϨϨϜϤϳϱΰϴϠΠϧϻϠτμϤϠϟΎϨϤϬϓϝϼΧϦϣΎϨϧϚϟΫϦϣΞΘϨΘδϧϭˬΔϜΒθϟ
ΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟϦϴόϣΩΩήΗκϴμΨΗϢΘϳϪϧϰϨόΗϭFDMA
ΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟΩΩήΘϟϦϣήϴϐλϲϨϣί˯ΰΟκϴμΨΗϢΘϳΚϴΣϦϣΰϟϰϠϋΪϤΘόΗΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϥϰϨόΗϭTDMA
ΡΎΘϣΩΩήΗϯϰϠϋϞϘϨΗΓΪϴΣϭΓήϔϴηΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟϰτόϳΔϴϓϭCDMA
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ϱΩΩήΘϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.1.1
ϦѧϣκμѧΨϤϟϕΎѧτϨϟϝϼѧΧΔѧϔϠΘΨϣΕΩΩήѧΘΑΓέΎѧηϹϞѧγήΗΔѧϳϮϳΩέϝΎѧγέ·ΔѧτΤϣΪΟϮΗϝϮΟϝΎμΗΔτΤϣϞϛϲϓ
ϞϜθѧϟϲѧϓΎѧϤϛήϐѧλΔѧϳΩΩήΗΕϮѧϨϗΓΪѧϋϰѧϟ·ϱΩΩήѧΘϟϯΪѧϤϟάϫϢϴδϘΗϰϠϋFDMAΔϴϨϘΗΪϤΘόΗϭϱΩΩήΘϟϯΪϤϟ
ϝΎѧѧγέϹϒѧѧϠΘΨϣΩΩήѧѧΗϡΪΨΘδѧѧΗϝΎѧѧγέ·ΔѧѧτΤϣϞѧѧϛϭΰΗήϴϫΎѧѧΠϴϣϩέΪѧѧϘϣϱΩΩήѧѧΗϯΪѧѧϣκϴμѧѧΨΗϢѧѧΗΚѧѧϴΣѧѧοϮϤϟ
ΔϴϤϗήϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟΔϟΎόϓΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫήΒΘόΗϻϦϜϟϭˬΔϴϤϗήϟΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϘϧϢϋΪΗϭϝΎμΗϼϟΔϳήχΎϨΗΔϘϳήτΑΕέΎηϹ
ϒϠΘΨϣΩΩήΗϡΪΨΘδϳϝϮΟϞϛFDMAΔϴϨϘΗϲϓ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Time division multiple access (TDMA) ϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.1.2
ΕήѧΘϓΔѧΛϼΛϰѧϠϋΩΩήѧΘϟϊѧϳίϮΗϝϼѧΧϦѧϣΔϴϜϠѧγϻΕϻΎμѧΗΔѧΛϼΛ˯ήѧΟϹΩΩήѧΘϟβѧϔϧϡΪΨΘγϦϜϤϳΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϰϓ
ΔϴΗϮμѧϟΓέΎѧηϹϞѧϳϮΤΘΑΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϩάѧϫϡϮѧϘΗΩΩήѧΘϟβѧϔϧϰѧϠϋΖϗϮϟβϔϧϰϓΕΎϤϟΎϜϣΔΛϼΛ˯ήΟ·ΪϨϋ˱ϼΜϤϓˬΔϴϨϣί
κμѧΨϳϲϧΎѧΜϟΚѧϠΜϟϭΩΩήѧΘϠϟΔѧϴϨϣΰϟΓήѧΘϔϟΚѧϠΛϝϼѧΧΔѧϋϮϤΠϤϛΎϬϠѧγήΗϢΛΎϬτϐπΗϭΔϴϤϗέΓέΎη·ϰϟ·ΔϳήχΎϨΘϟ
ΔѧΛϼΛ˯ή˰ѧΟ·ΩΩήѧΘϟβѧϔϧϰѧϠϋϢΘѧϳϮѧΤϨϟάϫϰϠϋϭΓέϭΪϟέήϜΗϢΛΔΜϟΎΜϟΔϤϟΎϜϤϠϟΚϟΎΜϟΚϠΜϟϭΔϴϧΎΜϟΔϤϟΎϜϤϠϟ
ΔϔϠΘΨϣΕΎϤϟΎϜϣ
TDMAϡΎψϨϟϲΤϴοϮΗΡήη
έήѧѧϜΗΐѧѧϗΎόΗϲѧѧϓѧѧοϮϣϮѧѧϫΎѧѧϤϛέήѧѧϜΘϣϲѧѧϨϣίΰѧѧϴΣϡΪΨΘδѧѧϣϞѧѧϜϟκμѧѧΨϳ
ϰѧϠϋϭΩΪѧΤϣΩΩήѧΗΕΫΓΎѧϨϗςϳήηϞϛϞΜϤϳϭˬ˱ϼΜϣϝϭϷςϳήθϟϲϓϥϮϟϷ
ϥϮѧѧϟϞѧѧϛϞѧѧΜϤϳˬϦϣΰѧѧϟϝϼѧѧΧέήѧѧϜΘΗΔѧѧϔϠΘΨϣϥϮѧѧϟΔѧѧΛϼΛΪѧѧΠΗΩΩήѧѧΘϟβѧѧϔϧ
βѧϔϧϲѧϓΕΎѧϤϟΎϜϣΔѧΛϼΛϝΎѧγέ·ΩΩήѧΘϟβϔϧϰϠϋϦϜϤϳάϬΑϭΔϠγήϣΔϤϟΎϜϣ
ΖϗϮϟ
ΔѧϴϨϣίΓήѧΘϓκϴμѧΨΗϝϼѧΧϦѧϣΔϴΗϮμѧϟΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϝΎγέϹϝϮΟϞϜϟΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟΔϴϨϣΰϟΕΎϗΎτϨϟϩΎϧΩϞϜθϟοϮϳϭ
ΩΪΤϣΩΩήΗϰϠϋϞϤόΗΓΪΣϭϝΎμΗΓΎϨϗβϔϧϰϠϋϞγήΗΰΗήϴϫϮϠϴϛϩέΪϗϱΩΩήΗϯΪϤΑϭ6.7ms˰ΑέΪϘΗ
ΔϴϨϣίΕήΘϓϰϟ·TDMAΔϴϨϘΗϲϓΩΩήΘϟϢδϘϳ
ϡΎѧѧψϨΑϞѧѧϤόΗϲѧѧΘϟΔѧѧϟϮΠϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΔѧѧϤψϧϥΈѧѧϓΔϴϜϠѧѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻTDMAΔѧѧϴϨϘΗΎѧѧϬΗήϓϭϲѧѧΘϟΓΪѧѧϳΪόϟΕΰѧѧϴϤϤϠϟϭ
ωϮѧϧϦѧϣήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛίΎѧϬΟϰѧϠϋΖϠμѧΣϚѧϧνήѧΘϓΓήϜϔϟϩάϫϴοϮΘϟϭΎϬϟϞϴϐθΗϡΎψϨϛΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϡΪΨΘδΗGSM
ϞѧϤόΗΎѧϣ·ϲѧϬϓGSMωϮѧϧϦѧϣΕϻϮѧΟϰϓϝΎΤϟάϜϫϭβϜϨϴϠϟϡΎψϨΑϭίϭΪϨϳϮϟϡΎψϨΑΎϣ·ϪϠϐθΗϥϚϨϜϤϴϓϡϮϴΘϨΑ
CDMAϡΎψϧϭTDMAϞϴϐθΗϡΎψϨΑ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Code division multiple access (CDMA) ϱΩϮϜϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟ.1.3
ϱήχΎѧϨΘϟϦѧϣ ϞѧϳϮΤΘϟΔѧϴϠϤϋΪѧόΑϡϮѧϘΗΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϩάѧϬϓTDMAΔѧϴϨϘΗϦϋΎϣΎϤΗΔϔϠΘΨϣΔϠϴγϭCDMAΔϴϨϘΗϡΪΨΘδΗ
ϲѧѧϓϞѧѧγήΗΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϥϱˬϱΩΩήѧѧΘϟϕΎѧѧτϨϟϲѧѧϓήϓϮѧѧΘϣϮѧѧϫΎѧѧϣϰѧѧϠϋΔσϮϐπѧѧϤϟΔѧѧϴϤϗήϟΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟήθѧѧϨΑ ϲѧϤϗήϟϰѧϟ·
ΔϴϨϣίΓήΘϓϱϝϼΧϡΪΨΘγϼϟΔΣΎΘϣΔϗήϔΘϣΕΩΩήΗϰϠϋϡίέϭϡΰΣΓέϮλ
ϡΪϗϷ ΔϳϮϠΨϟ ϒΗϮϬϟ ϡΪΨΘδΗ ΎϤϨϴΑ spread-spectrum ήθΘϨϤϟ ϒϴτϟ ΔϴϨϘΗ ϰϠϋ CDMA ϡΎψϧ ΪϤΘόϳ
ΔϘϴοΔϳΩΩήΗϡΰΣϰϟ·ϮϳΩήϟ ϒϴσϢϴδϘΗϝϼΧϦϣήθΘϨϤϟϒϴτϟΔϴϨϘΗϰϠϋ GSM ˰ϟϭ TDMA ϰϠϋΓΪϤΘόϤϟ
ϰμϗΪΣϙΎϨϫϦϜϟϭ ΔϳΩΩήΘϟΓΎϨϘϟβϔϧϰϠϋΔϴϔΗΎϫ ΕΎϤϟΎϜϣΓΪϋΞϣΪΑϡϮϘΗΕΎϜΒθϟϩάϫϥΈϓΔόδϟΓΩΎϳΰϟϭ
ϮϬϓ CDMA ˰ϟ ϡΎψϧ Ύϣ ΔϟϮϘϨϤϟ ΓέΎηϹ ϲϓΕΎότϘΗϭΕΎηϮθΗ ΙΪΤΗ ϥϞΒϗ ΓΎϨϘϟβϔϨϟϦϴϣΪΨΘδϤϟ ΩΪόϟ
ϢγΎϘΘΗ ϥ ΔϳϮϳΩήϟ ΕέΎηϹ Ϧϣ ΔϋϮϤΠϤϟ ϦϜϤϳ ϪϧΈϓ ϲϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ ΔϴϔΗΎϫ ΔϤϟΎϜϣ ϞϜϟ ΓΩΪΤϣ Γήϔϴη )ΩϮϛ κμΨϳ
.ϪϠϤΤΗϱάϟΩϮϜϟϰϠϋ˯ΎϨΑ ϪμΨΗϲΘϟΔϤϟΎϜϤϟϞΒϘΘδϣϞϛςϘΘϠϳΚϴΤΑˬϮϳΩήϟΕΩΩήΗϦϣϊγϭϯΪϣ
CDMAϡΎψϨϟϲΤϴοϮΗΡήη
ϪѧϧΈϓΓΩΪΤϣΕΩΩήΗϭΔμμΨϣΕϮϨϗϰϠϋΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϝΎγέ·Ϧϣ˱ϻΪΑ
ϢѧΛ ϡίέ ϡΰѧΣϰѧϟ·ΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟϭΕΎѧϣϮϠόϤϟϢϴδѧϘΘΑϡϮѧϘΗΔѧϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫ
ϞѧѧϛϭϞϜθѧѧϟΎΑѧѧοϮϣϮѧѧϫΎѧѧϤϛΔѧѧΣΎΘϤϟΕϮѧѧϨϘϟΪѧѧΣϰѧѧϠϋΎϬϠѧѧγήΗ
ΩΪѧѧΤϣϝϮѧѧΟϦѧѧϣΓέΩΎѧѧλϡΰѧѧΣϰѧѧϟ·ΩϮѧѧόϳΕΎѧѧόΑήϤϟϥϮѧѧϟϦѧѧϣϥϮѧѧϟ
ˬϝΎΒϘΘѧγϻΪѧϨϋΎϬόϴϤΠΗΩΎόϳϢΛΔϔϠΘΨϣΔϳΩΩήΗΕΎϗΎτϧϰϠϋϞγήΗ
βѧѧϔϧϰѧѧϠϋΕΎѧѧϤϟΎϜϤϟϦѧѧϣήѧѧϴΒϛΩΪѧѧϋ˯ήѧѧΟϢΘѧѧϳΔѧѧϘϳήτϟϩάѧѧϬΑϭ
ΔψΤϠϟβϔϧϲϓϱΩΩήΘϟϕΎτϨϟ
ΓήϔϴθѧѧϟϦѧѧϋΔѧѧϔϠΘΨϣΓήϔϴѧѧηϡΪΨΘδѧѧϳΎϤϫΪѧѧΣϦϴϟϮѧѧΟϦѧѧϣΓέΩΎμѧѧϟΔϴΗϮμѧѧϟΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϥϒѧѧϴϛѧѧοϮϳϲϟΎѧѧΘϟϞϜθѧѧϟϭ
ϞϜѧηϰѧϠϋΓΎѧϨϘϠϟϱΩΩήѧΘϟϕΎѧτϨϟϞѧϛϰѧϠϋϪѧΗΎϧΎϴΑϞѧγήϳϡΪΨΘδѧϣϞϛΚϴΣΓΎϨϘϟβϔϧϰϠϋΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϤΤΗϭϯήΧϷ
ϩάѧϫϊѧϤΠΑϡϮѧϘΗΓΰѧϴϤϤϟΓήϔϴθϟϥΎϓϢϠΘδϤϟϑήτϟΪϨϋϭˬΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϜϟΓΰϴϤϣΓήϔϴθΑξόΒϟΎϬπόΑϊϣςΒΗήΗϡίέ
ΓΎϨϘϟβϔϧϰϠϋΕϻΎμΗΓΪϋϯήΠΗϥΔϴϨϘΘϟϩάϬΑϦϜϤϳϭΎϬϜϓϭϡίήϟ
ΓΰϴϤϣΓήϔϴθΑξόΒϟΎϬπόΑϊϣςΒΗήΗϡίέϰϟ·ϢδϘΗϭΔϴϤϗέΕΎϧΎϴΑϰϟ·ϝϮΤΗΔϤϟΎϜϣϞϛCDMAΔϴϨϘΗϲϓ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
CDMA Ñ¿£ÂC ©AËÂC
CDMA IS-95A
ϥΎϛ ϲΘϟ ΕΰϴϤϟ Ϧϣ ΪϳΪόϟ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳϭ TIA / EIA IS-95 Ύπϳ ϰϤδϳϭ ϡ ϮϴϟϮϳ ϲϓ ϪΑ ϞϤόϟ ˯ΪΑ
.ΔϴϧΎΜϟ ϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛϰϟ·ϞμΗΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϘϨϟΔϴϟΎϋΔϋήγήϴϓϮΗΎϬϤϫ
CDMA IS-95B : 2.5G
ϲΘϟ ΕΰϴϤϤϟ Ϧϣ ΪϳΪόϟ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳϭ TIA / EIA-95 Ύπϳ ϰϤδϳϭ ϡ ϡΎϋ ήΒϤΘΒγ ϲϓ ϪΑ ϞϤόϟ ˯ΪΑ
ΔϴϧΎΜϟ ϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛϰϟ·ϞμΗΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϞϘϨϟΔϴϟΎϋΔϋήγήϴϓϮΗΎϬϤϫϥΎϛ
CDMA 2000 X1
ΩΎΤΗϻ ϩίΎΟ Ϊϗϭ ˬΎϳΪϴϤϴΘϠϤϟ ϝΩΎΒΗ ΎϬϨϣ ϩΪϳΪϋ Εΰϴϣ ϰϠϋ ϱϮΘΤϳ ϩέΎΒΘϋΎΑ ΚϟΎΜϟ ϞϴΠϟ ΔϤψϧ Ϧϣ ήΒΘόϳ
. ήΑϮΘϛϲϓ I.T.U. ΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϟϭΪϟ
CDMA2000 ϡΎψϧϦϣϦϴϋϮϧΪΟϮϳ ϭ
ϞμѧѧΗΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϠϟϞѧѧϘϧΔϋήѧѧγϭΕϮμѧѧϟϞѧѧϘϨϟΔϔϋΎπѧѧϣΕΎϋήѧѧγϡΪѧѧϘϳϡΎѧѧψϨϟάѧѧϫϭ : CDMA2000 1X ϝϭϻ
ΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟ ϞѧϤΤϟΔѧϴϟΎϋΕΎϋήѧγϡΪѧϘϳ : CDMA2000 1x EV-DO ϲϧΎѧΜϟ. ΔѧϴϧΎΜϟϲѧϓΖѧϳΎΑΎѧΠϴϣ 307 ϰѧϟ·
. MP3 ωϮϧϦϣϩήϴΒϜϟΎϳΪϴϤϴΘϠϤϟ ΕΎϘϴΒτΗϝΩΎΒΗϢϋΪϳΎϤϛΔϴϧΎΜϟϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛ ϭϦϴΑΡϭήΘΗ
WCDMA
ΰΗήϫΎΠϴϣ ΎϫέΪϘϣϪϴϟΎϋΕΩΩήΗΕΫϝΎμΗΕϮϨϗϡΪΨΘδϳϭ CDMA ϡΎψϧϦϣέϮτϤϟΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟ ϞΜϤϳϮϫϭ
ΎΠϴϣϰϟ·ϞμΗϥϦϜϤϳΔλΎΧϑϭήχ ϲϓϭˬΔϴϧΎΜϟϲϓΖΑϮϠϴϛϰϟ·ϞμΗΕΎϧΎϴΑϞϘϧ ϰϠϋΓέΪϘϟϪϟϥΎϤϛ
. ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϝΩΎΒΗνήϏ ϲϓϡΎψϨϟάϫΐϳήΠΗϝϭΪϟξόΑΕΪΑΪϗϭΖϳΎΑ
CDMA ÁB£Ãº ѾB§ºA PAlÍ¿A
. ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϭΕϮμϟϞϘϧϲϓΔϴϟΎϋ ΓϭΎϘϧ
ΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϭΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϠϟωϭήθϤϟ ήϴϏΏήδΘϟϦϣϪϟΎόϓΔϳΎϤΣϊϣΎϧΎϣήΜϛ
. ϱΪϴϠϘΘϟϞϳΎΑϮϤϟϦϋϩήϣ ϱϭΎδϳΎϤΑϞϗϪϠηΎϔϟΕΎϤϟΎϜϤϟΕήϣΩΪϋ
ΔΤλϰϠϋΎϧΎϣήΜϛΎϬϣΪΨΘγϞόΠϳΎϤϣΪΟ ΔπϔΨϨϣΔϳΩΩήΗΕέΎη·ϡΪΨΘγΎΑϞϤόΗϒΗΎϬϟΓΰϬΟ
. ΔϳέΎτΒϟϙϼϬΘγ ήϓϮΗΎϬϧΎϤϛΕΎϋΎόηϻκΨϳΎϤϴϓαΎϨϟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
. frequency band ΔϳΩΩήΘϟΕΎΟϮϤϠϟϝΎόϔϟϡΪΨΘγϻ
. frequency planning ΕΩΩήΘϟςϴτΨΗϰϟ·ΝΎΘΤϳϻ
ϪΜϳΪΤΗϭϪΘϴϗήΗϭϡΎψϨϟήϳϮτΗ ϲϓΔϴϟΎόϟΔϧϭήϤϟϭΔϟϮϬδϟ
ÎÂBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU BÇI ¼¿§M ÒNºA PBÍóNºA
ΔϴϜϠγϼϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϤϟΎόϟϡΎψϨϟ
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
ϞϴϐθѧѧѧΘϟΪѧѧѧϤΘόϣϡΎѧѧѧψϧϮѧѧϫGSMΔϴϜϠѧѧѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧѧѧΗϼϟϲϤϟΎѧѧѧόϟϡΎѧѧψϨϟ
ιΎѧѧΨϟέϮδѧѧϴγϭήΑϭήϜϴϤϟϰѧѧϠϋϞѧѧϤόϳϭΔϴϜϠѧѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧѧΗϻΕΎϜΒѧѧη
ϞϴϐθѧΗϡΎѧψϧϙΎѧϨϫϥΎѧϤϛGSMϡΎѧψϧϰѧϠϋϞѧϤόΗϲѧΘϟϝϮѧΠϟΓΰϬΟ΄Α
ϞϴϐθѧΗΔѧϤψϧ΄ΑϝϮѧΠϟϞϴϐθѧΗΔѧϤψϧϪϴΒθѧΗϦѧϜϤϳϭˬIS-136ϮѧϫήΧ
βϜϨϴϠϟϭίϭΪϨϳϮϟϞΜϣήΗϮϴΒϤϜϟ
ΕΩΩήѧΗϰѧϠϋϞϤόΗϭϥΎϣϷϦϣΔΟέΩϰμϗϖϴϘΤΘϟϝϮΠϟΔτγϮΑΔϠγήϤϟΕΎϧΎϴΒϟήϴϔθΗϰϠϋGSM˰ϟϡΎψϧϡϮϘϳ
ϰѧϓ ϰѧϟϦѧϣΕΩΩήΗϰϠϋϞϤόΗΎϤϨϴΑΎϴγϭΎΑϭέϭϦϣϼϛϰϓΰΗήϫΎΠϴϣϰϟΰΗήϫΎΠϴϣ Ϧϣ
ΰΗήϫΎΠϴΟ ˰ϟΔΟϮϤΑϦϴΘϟΎΤϟϼϛϰϓϰϤδΗϭΔϴϜϳήϣϷΓΪΤΘϤϟΕΎϳϻϮϟ
˯ήѧηϚѧϨϜϤϳΚѧϴΤΑϢϟΎѧόϟϝϭΩϒѧϠΘΨϣϰѧϓήθѧΘϨϣϪѧϧΚѧϴΣΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧΗϼϟΎѧϴϤϟΎϋΎѧϣΎψϧGSM ˰ѧϟϡΎψϧήΒΘόϳ
ϦѧϣϯϰѧϓϝϮѧΠϟΔѧϣΪΧΩϭΰѧϣήΒϋϝΎμΗϼϟϭϡΎψϨϟάϫΪϤΘόΗΔϟϭΩϯϰϓϪϣΪΨΘγϭϢϟΎόϟϰϓϥΎϜϣϯϦϣϝϮΟ
ϙήΘθѧϤϟΔѧϳϮϬΑϒϳήόΗΓΪΣϭϯSIMϢγΎΑϑήόΗϲΘϟϝΎμΗϻΔΤϳήηϰϠϋϞμΤϳGSMϰϣΪΨΘδϣϥΎϓϝϭΪϟϚϠΗ
ϒѧϳήόΘϟϡΎѧϗέϭϝΎμѧΗϼϟΔѧϣίϼϟΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟϞѧϛϦϳΰѧΨΗϢΘѧϳϭϝϮѧΠϟϰѧϓΎѧϬΘϴΒΜΗϢΘѧϳήΗϮѧϴΒϤϛΓήѧϛΫϦѧϋΓέΎѧΒϋϰѧϫϭˬ
SIM ΔΤϳήηϰϠϋΎϬϨϣΖϠμΣϰΘϟΔϛήθϟϦϣϪϣΪϘϤϟϝϮΠϟΕΎϣΪΨϟϝϮΧΪϟΎΑΡΎϤδϠϟΔϣίϼϟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
2.2.2 HSCSD : (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) – the first step towards faster data
speeds on GSM circuit switched networks. HSCSD concentrates up to four GSM timeslots
and allows data speeds of up to 64 kbit/s (mostly aimed at the corporate market). However,
mobile terminals supporting HSCSD are not currently available. It is primarily used for
notebooks with a data card. Operators will need to decide if they will offer this service or
GPRS or both. HSCSD is being installed in markets that are highly competitive where
differentiation is key, such as Finland, as well as where data services have been
particularly successful such as Norway and Hong Kong.
2.2.3 GPRS : (General Packet Radio Services) – the introduction of packet switching
technology to GSM, CDMA and TDMA (ANSI-I36) mobile networks, making it easier to
integrate with other packet-based protocols such as IP or X.25. GPRS is the first important
step on the path to 3G, hence GPRS also being known as 2.5G. The announcements of
GPRS data speeds vary from up to 115 kbit/s to up to 117 kbit/s, but is likely to average at
56 kbit/s, with between 28 and 40 kbit/s initially. If GPRS usage is mainly text based, it will
meet many wireless Internet service requirements from the outset.
Trials of GPRS
services will occur in 2000, but it is unlikely that commercial usage will be significant before
2001. GPRS is being deployed in mobile networks today to provide the core network
packet data handling capabilities that 3G will need, whether delivered using WCDMA or
EDGE .
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
2.2.4 EDGE : (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) – the second step towards 3G for
GSM/GPRS networks. EDGE will increase data rates on GSM to 384 kbit/s by bundling up
to eight channels or 48 kbit/s per channel. Analysts suggest that indoor EDGE speeds will
drop outside of the urban areas to 115 kbit/s, but that EDGE will be able to offer outdoor
rates of 450-550 kbit/s. EDGE is unlikely to emerge until 2002 and is an attractive option for
operators that do not have a UMTS licence. GPRS is based on a modulation technique
known as Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK). EDGE is based on a new modulation
scheme that allows a much higher bit rate across the air interface - this is called eightphase-shift keying (8 PSK) modulation. Since 8 PSK will also be used for UMTS, network
operators will need to incorporate it at some stage to make the transition to third generation
mobile phone systems.
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
3G SºBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU .
ϲѧΘϟΕϻϮѧΟϥΎϨΣήѧηϥϭϖΒѧγΪѧϘϓˬΔϴϜϠѧγϼϟΕϻΎμѧΗϻΔѧϤψϧΙΪѧΣϝϮѧΠϟϦѧϣΚѧϟΎΜϟϞѧϴΠϟΎѧϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΗήΒΘόΗ
ΕϻϮѧΟϲѧϫdigitalϲѧϤϗήϟϡΎѧψϨΑϞѧϤόΗϲѧΘϟΕϻϮѧΠϟϭϝϭϷϞѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧΟϲϫanalogϱήχΎϨΘϟϡΎψϨϟΎΑϞϤόΗ
ϩάѧϫϰϤδѧΗϭMultimedia Cell PhoneΓΩΪѧόΘϤϟςΎѧγϮϟϝϮΟΪόϴϓΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϝϮΟΎϣϲϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟ
ϡΪΨΘδѧϤϟΪϋΎδѧϴϟΓήѧϴΒϛΔϋήδѧΑΕΎѧϧΎϴΒϟϝΩΎѧΒΗϰѧϠϋϪѧΗέΪϘΑίΎѧΘϤϳϭSmart PhonesΔѧϴϛάϟΕϻϮΠϟΎѧΑΕϻϮѧΠϟ
ϮϳΪϴϔϟϭΔϴΗϮμϟϞΎγήϟϝΎΒϘΘγϭϝΎγέ·ϦϜϤϳΎϤϛΓήϴΒϛΔϋήδΑΖϧήΘϧϻϔμΗϰϠϋ
Sony EricssonΔϛήηϦϣΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϦϣϝϮΟ
SºBRºA ¼ÍA PÛAËU BÇI ¼¿§M ºA PBÍóNºA
ϩάѧѧϫΕήθѧѧΘϧϡΎѧѧόϟϊѧѧϠτϣϊѧѧϣϭϢѧѧΛϡΎѧѧόϟϒμѧѧΘϨϣϰѧѧϓϥΎѧѧΑΎϴϟϰѧѧϓϻϭΚѧѧϟΎΜϟϞѧѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧѧΟΕήθѧѧΘϧ
ΕϻΎμѧΗϻϦѧϣϦϴϘΑΎδѧϟϦϴѧϠϴΠϟϦϋΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϪΑίΎΘϤϳΎϣϥ·ΔϴϜϳήϣϷΓΪΤΘϤϟΕΎϳϻϮϟϭΎΑϭέϭϰϓΎϴΟϮϟϮϨϜΘϟ
ΔѧϴϧΎΜϟϰѧϓΖΑϮϠϴϛώϠΒΗΔϋήδΑϭΎόϣΓέϮμϟϭΕϮμϟϭΕΎϧΎϴΒϟϊϣϞϣΎόΘϠϟϢϤμϣΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϥϮϫΔϴϜϠγϼϟ
ϰѧτϐϳϊѧγϭϠτμѧϣϮѧϫΚѧϟΎΜϟϞѧϴΠϟϠτμϣϥήϛάϟΎΑήϳΪΟϭϲϟΎΤϟϲϜϠδϟϝΎμΗϻΔϋήγϒόοϝΩΎόΗϩάϫϭ
ϯήΧϰϟ·ΓέΎϗϦϣϒϠΘΨΗΪϗϭϥΪϠΒϟϭϝϭΪϟϒϠΘΨϣϰϓϖΒτΗϲΘϟΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϭήϴϳΎόϤϟϦϣΪϳΪόϟ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
ϰϫΕΎϴϨϘΘϟϩάϫϭϝϮΠϟϦϴΑϭΎϬϨϴΑΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϝΩΎΒΘϟΎπϳΕΎϴϨϘΗΓΪϋΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϝϮΟΕΎϜΒηϡΪΨΘδΗϭ
Code ΔѧѧϴϨϘΗήϳϮѧѧτΗϰѧѧϠϋΪѧѧϤΘόΗϰѧѧΘϟϭCDMA2000έϮѧѧτϤϟϯΩϮѧѧϜϟϢϴδѧѧϘΘϟΎΑΩΪѧѧόΘϤϟϝϮѧѧλϮϟΔѧѧϴϨϘΗ
ϰϧΎΜϟϞϴΠϟϰϓΔϣΪΨΘδϤϟDivision Multiple Access
Wideband Code Division ϯWCDMAϕΎѧτϨϟξϳήѧόϟϯΩϮѧϜϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟΔϴϨϘΗ
Multiple Access
ϱTD-SCDMAϲϨϣΰϟϢϴδϘΘϟϊϣϦϣΰΘϤϟϱΩϮϜϟϢϴδϘΘϟΎΑΩΪόΘϤϟϝϮλϮϟΔϴϨϘΗ
Time-divisionSynchronous Code-division Multiple Access
ΔѧϴϧΎΛϰѧϟ·ΝΎѧΘΤΗϚѧϧϰѧϨόϤΑ 3Mbpsϰѧϟ·ϞμѧΗΓήѧϴΒϛΕΎѧϧΎϴΑϞѧϘϧΔϋήѧγϰѧϠϋϞѧϤόΗϩάϫΚϟΎΜϟϞϴΠϟΕΎϴϨϘΗϭ
ϦѧϣήΜϛ΄ѧΑϞѧϤόϳϻϲϧΎѧΜϟϞѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧΟωήѧγϥΈѧϓΔϧέΎϘϤϟΎΑϭ ϚϟϮΟϰϠϋϖΎϗΩΎϬΗΪϣΔϴϘϴγϮϣΔϋϮτϘϣϞϴϤΤΘϟ
ΚѧϟΎΜϟϞѧϴΠϟΕϻϮѧΟϥΈѧϓάϬϟϭ ϖΎϗΩΎϬΗΪϣΔϴϘϴγϮϣΔϋϮτϘϣϞϴϤΤΘϟϖΎϗΩϰϟ·ΝΎΘΤΗϚϧϱ 144Kpbs
ϡϼѧѧϓϷϞѧѧϴϤΤΗϭΖѧѧϧήΘϧϻΔϜΒѧѧηϊѧѧϣΎϬϠѧѧλϮΗϭΓήѧѧϴΒϛΕΎϋήδѧѧΑΕΎѧѧϧΎϴΒϟϞѧѧϘϧΎϬϤϋΪѧѧϟΓΩΪѧѧόΘϤϟςΎѧѧγϮϟΕϻϮѧѧΟήѧѧΒΘόΗ
βϛΎϔϟϭϲϧϭήΘϜϟϻΪϳήΒϟϝΩΎΒΗϭ
Chapter 3
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Tri-Mode ÎQÜRºA ¿ÃºA ½AËU
ΎѧϨϫϭΓΩΪѧόΘϣΕΎѧϴϨϘΗΔѧΛϼΜΑϞѧϤόΑϝϮѧΠϟϥϰѧϟ·ΓέΎѧηtri-modeϝϮΟϪϧϪΗΎϔλϮϣϦϣϝϮΟΪΠΗϥϦϜϤϤϟϦϣ
ΔѧϳήχΎϨΗΔѧϴϨϘΗϭTDMAϭCDMAϦϴѧΘϴϤϗέϦϴѧΘϴϨϘΗϢϋΪѧϳϝϮѧΠϟϥ˱ΎѧϧΎϴΣΎѧϬΑΪμϘϳΪϗΔϋΪΧϥϮϜΗϥϦϜϤϤϟϦϣ
ϲѧϓάѧϫϭˬΔѧϳήχΎϨΗΔѧϴϨϘΗϭϦϳΩΩήѧΘΑΓΪѧΣϭΔѧϴϤϗέΔѧϴϨϘΘΑϞѧϤόϳϝϮѧΠϟϥΎπѧϳϲѧϨόΗΪѧϗϦѧϜϟϭίΎѧΘϤϣάϫϭAMPS
dual modeϲΎϨΛΓΩΪόΘϣΕΎϴϨϘΗϝϮΟΔϴϨϘΗΔϴΣΎϧϦϣΔϘϴϘΤϟ
References
http://www.tech-faq.com
ϊϗϮϤϟάϫϰϠϋΎϫΪΠΗϲϨόΗΫΎϣϭΕΎΤϠτμϤϟϭϝϮΠϟϦϋϪϨϋέΎδϔΘγϻϲϓΐϏήΗΎϣϞϛ
http://www.cellular.co.za/in-fone.htm
ϝϮΠϟΐϴϛήΗϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϣ
http://www.fcc.gov
FCCΔϴϟϭΪϟΕϻΎμΗϻΔδγΆϣϊϗϮϣ
http://www.itu.int/home/index.html
ΕϻΎμΗϼϟϲϟϭΪϟΩΎΤΗϻϊϗϮϣ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_access
TDMAϭCDMAϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϦϣΪϳΰϤϟ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA
TDMAϭCDMA ϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϦϣΪϳΰϤϟ
http://www.privateline.com/PCS/GSM0.htmlΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϦϣΪϳΰϤϟ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications
GSM˰ϟϦϋ˯ϲηϞϛ
http://www.privateline.com/mt_cellbasics/index.html
ϝϮΠϟΕΎϴγΎγϦϋϞϣΎηωϮοϮϣ
http://www.wirelessadvisor.com/glossary.cfmΔϴϜϠγϼϟΕϻΎμΗϼϟΔϴϨϘΗΕΎΤϠτμϣ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone ϝϮΠϟϦϋΕΎϣϮϠόϤϟϞϛ
www.gsmarena.comΎϬΗΎϔλϮϣϭΕϻϮΠϟωϮϧΙΪΣ
