Modernisation Pros and Cons

 

Modernisation Adv.shahanavas

 The term Westernisation Westernisation is ethi ethically cally neutral unlik unlike e Modernisation. Its use doesn’t not carry the implication that is good or bad, whereas modernization is normally used in the sense that it is good.The term 'Modernisation' was introduced for the rst by Daniel Learner . !e was an "merican scholar and writer known for his studies on modernization theory theory.. !e #uoted that $Modernisation is the current current term for an old process of social change whereby less de%eloped societies ac#uire the characteristics common to more de%eloped societies&. The term modernisation doesn’t denote any philosophy or mo%ement, but it only symbolizes a process p rocess of change. In fact, Modernisation is understood as a process which indicates the adoption of the modern ways of life and %alues. The term was being used pre%iously to refer only to change in economy and its related eect on social %alues and practices. It was also described as a process that changed the society,from primarily agricultural to primarily industrial economy. "s a result of the change in the economy, the society s ociety itself underwent changes in %alues, beliefs, and norms. (ut today, the term is gi%en a broader meaning. Today, the term Modernisation Modernisation is understood a as s an attempt, on the part of the people, particularly those who are custom)bound, to adopt themsel%es to the present time, conditions, styles, and ways in general. It indicates a change in people’s food habits, dress d ress habits, speaking styles, tastes, choices, preferences, prefer ences, ideas, %alues, recreational facilitie facilities s and so on. It is also described as social change in%ol%ing the elements of science and technology technology..  The scientic and technological technological in%entions ha%e bro brought ught about remark remarkable able changes in the whole system of social relationship and installed new ideologies in the place of traditional ones. Modernisation in%ol%es in%ol%es a transformation of s social, ocial, political and economic organizations. "ccording to Becker Modernisation is a change from *change resistant sacred outlook’ to *change ready secular outlook’. "ccording to Webber  It is a change from *personal bonds’ to *impersonal relation’ with bureaucracy. bureaucracy. "s per Maine It is a transformation from *status based’ relations to *contract based’ relation. "ccording to Smelser it in%ol%es an ongoing change in a society's economy, politics, education, traditions, and religion. "s indicated by Durkhiem it is a change from *mechanical solidarity’ to *organic solidarity’

 

+. It in%ol%es the change from f rom simple, traditional techni#ues such as hand) wea%ing towards the use of scientic knowledge and technology technology.. . "gricultural shifts from subsistence farming to commer commercial cial farming on a larger scale. This means growing cash crops, buying non)agricultural products in the market on a large #uantity and often o ften hiring people to do farm work -. In industry, there is a mo%ement away from the use of human and animal power and towards the use of machinery dri%en by non)human power. or e/ample, ploughs pulled by o/ o/en en are replaced by tractors dri%en by hired hands. 0. The society changes from the farm and the %illage centered one to that of the industry and city centered one. In addition to the four ma1or patterns, other patters of change ha%e been obser%ed in modernizing social structure. structure.  T  Traditional raditional reli religious gious systems tend to lose in2 in2uence. uence. 3owe 3owerful rful non)religio non)religious us ideologies such as patriotism, nationalism, democracy, secularism etc. arise.  The family changes in many ways,both ways,both in terms of its structure structure and functions. It’s economic, educational, and recr recreational eational and other functions tend to diminish. Its size gets smaller and smaller smaller.. 4/tended families and kin groups break up into smaller units. 3ersonal choice becomes the basis of marriage rather than parental arrangements. Thus, the process of modernisation includes in itself the gradual de%elopment of a %ast new system of social structures and psychological traits. Problems of Modernisation Modernisation

+. Modernisation demands that society must change in all a ll ways at one. (ut such a regular and coordinated pattern of growth cannot be planned and materialised. . 5uring the period of modernisation, structural changes mostly remain remain une%en. 4/ample, industries may be modernize modernized d but religious system, family system etc. remain conser%ati%e -.Modernisation of social and economic institutions may create con2icts with the traditional ways of life. 4/ample, trained M((6 doctors may pose p ose a threat to the traditional medical practitioners .0. "nother problem is that, most often roles adopted by the people are modern, but their %alues continue to be traditional. 4/ample, 7ew business rms and industrial establishments and shops etc. are either opened or

 

inaugurated as per the dictates of the traditional *Muhurtam’. 8. inally, inally, though modernisation raises the aspirations of people, the social system does not pro%ide enough chances to materialise them. This creates frustration, disappointment and social unrest. 9 Add  Add more about modernisation process process in India) Modenisation Modenisatio n and westernization

 The two terms terms namely, W Westernisation esternisation 9M.7. 6ri 6rini%as: ni%as: and Moderni Modernisation sation 95aniel ;erner: ;erner: must be understood as conceptual tools to understand the nature and character of social changes that ha%e taken place in the de%eloping countries.In a broad way it may be said that the concept of Westernisation as used by 6rini%as co%ers< 9a: beha%ioural aspects like eating, drinking, dressing, dancing etc. 9b: the knowledge k nowledge aspects like literature,science literatur e,science etc. 9c: the %alues aspects like humanitarianism, e#ualitarianism and secularism etc. The term Modernisati Modernisation on in%ol%ed a transformation ofto social, political and economic organisation. "s a concept it is greatly helpful the sociologists who ha %e been ha%e primarily concerned concerne d with the process of dierentiation that characterized the modern societies.