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programmingdocument
iar 411 : fall 2010 : ghanaian primary school heather link : leah petriccione

table of contents
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› purpose/opportunity › critical issues › user profile › area profile › activity requirements › furniture requirements › wayfinding › spatial adjacencies

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› sensory experience › spatial requirements › material analysis › concept exploration

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› water tank building process

› precedent studies

› sources

process sketches

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purpose & opportunity
design a classroom in kyekyewere, ghana for approximately 30 students of varying ages, but between first and sixth grades. the space should be physically engaging and mentally stimulating for both children and teachers. should provide opportunity for both individual and group/community character development, as well as hands-on learning. all building materials used should be appropriate in terms of location availability and sustainability. *the school should be fun for children to attend, and respond directly to their needs.

user profile
› 30+ students: ghanain children ages 5-14, grade levels 1-6 › 1+ teachers: usually european, sometimes ghanaian › languages: asante twi (native), english (spoken in schools) › religions: majority are christians › occupations: majority are farmers (others are carpenters, masons, or teachers)

activity requirements
› learning space › teaching space › playing space › hands-on moments › eating area? › restrooms / hygiene / access to water › outdoor / recreation

furniture requirements
› student seating & surface › teacher seating & surface › storage › chalkboard › pin-up/display pieces

area profile
kyekyewere, ghana, africa
› part of the asante region › right above equator › tropical climate › 2 rainy seasons: april-july, september-november › population: about 3,500 (about 1,900 female, about 1,600 male) › area (sq km): › nearby: kumasi (1 hour drive) › transportation: foot, cars, tro-tros (public mini bus), plane, boat › plants: tall silk cottons, kolas, mohogany, odum, ebony (forests), shea trees, acacias, baobabs, oil palms (savannahs) › animals: antelope, baboons, buffalo, cobras, gazelle, hippopotami, hyenas, lions, leopards, jackals, pythons › site profile: › location: unknown › size: 4 acres of land (donated by Chief Nana Boakye Ababio) *land has gently rolling plains › temperature/rainfall: › average temperature: 26ºC › average yearly rainfall: 736.6mm › per month:

critical issues
› child engagement › limited material availability › sustainability › air circulation › electricity/technology availability (most likely none) › access to running/clean water (none currently) › light / shadow › sensory experience › sense of community › rainy/dry seasons › highly varied age range of children › northeastern winds (harmattan) › budget (depends on fundraising/grants)

wayfinding
› furniture arrangement › blackboard placement › play vs. work space › indoor vs. outdoor › space paths, nodes, edges light/shadow

spatial adjacencies

desirable semi-desirable undesirable

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sensory experience

material analysis
earth-bag construction
› natural building technique, first started as military bunker construction method (they are bulletproof) › requires simple materials: study sacks filled with sand, gravel, clay, or crushed volcanic rock › bags stacked and layed similar to bricks › can be reinforced with barbed wire or twine wrapping the bags; finished with cement

onduline

› lightweight but extremely tough corrugated roofing › manufactured by bitumen-saturated organic fibres under intense pressure and heat › absorbs noise from rain better than steel › factory located in south africa

sugar cane (osb)

spatial requirements
› group rooms (minimum: 5.1 sq. m/child) › support areas (minimum: 1.4 sq. m/child) › circulation/service areas (minimum: 1.7 sq. m/child) › total building area: (minimum: 8.2 sq. m/child) *information from interior graphic standards, pg. 396

› any available sugar cane › fibers used to make osb (oriented strand board) flooring

beams/columns

› any available standard construction grade wood › needed in 30 x 5 cm, and 30 x 1 cm thicknesses

other materials needed:

› yellow paint › chalkboard paint › concrete for foundation/columns › wood/fabric for desks/seats › packing peanuts/other recycled material for seat filling › various screws/fasteners

concept exploration
orbit, wrapping, encapsulate, nurturing/motherly, cradling, symbiotic the classroom should be form-fitting to both the students’ and teachers’ needs. while the occupants need the space, the space needs the occupants—creating a symbiotic relationship. the classroom should nurture the students and allow them to grow and expand not only with knowledge but with body and soul, improving their quality of life through their time spent inside the ”cradle.”

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a hole is dug and cemented to create the tank. (can also be an above ground structure) villagers are also educated on how to construct the tanks themselves, using simple materials.

a filter is made using bamboo tubing.

the filter and lid are placed and sealed on top of the tank.

filter piled with rocks to prevent standing water and keep mosquitoes out.

a gutter system and pvc pump allow clean water to be pumped to the surface! over 10 water tanks have now been constructed in ghana.

waterforghana.org

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brandon rodgers: bush studio & earth bag home (ghana)

precedent studies

an orlando, florida native, brandon rodgers left his design firm cubicle job and moved to ghana to design and build houses using alternative building methods and indigenous materials. his first project was his own workspace, which he calls “bush studio” (first image seen below). the walls are constructed out of stone and mud blocks, topped with a metal butterfly roof for collecting rain water. his second project (second image) is a house made using earth bag construction—polypropelene bags filled with earth. walls like these which are finished with cement, end up being 20” thick, can resist the elements, provide excellent insulation, and are even bulletproof.

./studio 3 at innsbruck university: olifantsvlei school (south africa)

this primary school in johannesburg, south africa encourages excersize, adventure, and curiosity. students can play, climb, and explore colorful window cut-outs and angled wall crevaces. independent roof structure allows maximum air-flow in africa’s hot climate.

source: http://inhabitat.com/2010/09/22/inhabitat-reader-builds-sustainable-homes-in-ghana/

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earth bag construction http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthbag_construction http://inhabitat.com/2010/09/22/inhabitat-reader-builds-sustainable-homes-in-ghana/ onduline roofing : africa http://www.onduline.co.za:8080/Onduline/ sugar can fiber/osb http://www.canefibertech.com/tilby_tech.htm travel/nearby cities info http://www.climatetemp.info/ghana/kumasi.html http://www.info-ghana.com/transportation.htm nature/geography http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/gh-animals.html http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/geography/nature.php

sources

water for ghana project http://www.waterforghana.org habitat for humanity : ghana http://www.habitatghana.org

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