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2G spectrum scam
The 2G spectrum scandal involved officials in the government of India illegally undercharging mobile telephony companies for frequency allocation licenses, which they would use to create 2G subscriptions for cell phones. The shortfall between the money collected and the money which the law mandated to be collected is estimated to be 176,645 crore (US$35.24 billion) as valued by Comptroller and Auditor General of India based on 3G and BWA spectrum auction prices which held in 2010.[1] However the exact loss is disputed, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) pegged the loss at 30,984.55 crore (US$6.18 billion) in its first charge sheet filed on 2 April 2011,[2] whereas Telecom Regulatory Authority of India in a response to CBI's query said that the Govt. has actually gained 3,000 crore (US$598.5 million) by selling the spectrum.[2] Kapil Sibal, minister for communications & IT, said in a press conference that there was no loss caused by selling 2G licenses.[3] However in September 2011, CBI argued before the Supreme Court that it was unsafe to read a "no loss" conclusion in the telecom regulator's calculations on irregular spectrum allotment as the methodology adopted admittedly did not take into account the market mechanism.[4] All the speculations of profit, loss and no-loss were put to rest when on 2 February 2012 the Supreme Court of India delivered judgement. The Supreme Court declared the allotment of spectrum as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued during tenure of A. Raja, the main accused in the 2G scam case.[5] The court further said that A. Raja "wanted to favour some companies at the cost of the public exchequer" and "virtually gifted away important national asset".[6] The issuing of licenses occurred in 2008, but the scam came to public notice when the Indian Income Tax Department was investigating political lobbyist Nira Radia. The government's investigation and the government's reactions to the findings in the investigation were the subject of debate, as were the nature of the Indian media's reactions. Much of the credit of bringing this whole scam into the public light (by pursuing it in the court of law) goes to Subramanian Swamy who is the chief petitioner for this case in the court of law.[7][8] In 2011, Time magazine listed the scam at number two on their “Top 10 Abuses of Power” list (just behind the Watergate scandal)

4 G scam
The GSM and CDMA networks are classed as second generation while the defunct analogue network was the first of the mobile network generations. 3G, or third generation, is the generic term used for the next generation of mobile communications systems. The new systems will enhance the services available today and offer multimedia and internet access and the ability to view video footage. With a 3G phone and access to the 3G network you can send and receive video calls, watch live TV, access the internet, receive emails and download music tracks, as well as the usual voice call and messaging services found on a mobile phone. Technically, the main difference between 3G and 2G networks is how quickly data can be sent and received. 3G networks can send data up to 40 times the rates of earlier digital networks, which means that in addition to audio, graphics and text, 3G customers can also send and receive video content, in 3G coverage areas. They provide service at 5-10 Mb per second. The subscribers would be offered a plethora of services like live TV, highspeed mobile broadband and movie download through 3G services. The PSU was awarded one block of 2*5 MHz 3G spectrum in all telecom circles in the country, six months before, without participating in the auction, at a price equal to the winning bids in the respective circles, in the auctions held before March 31st this year. State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd in Feb 2009 launched next generation 3G mobile services in the country even as the private operators are still waiting to get spectrum through auction process. BSNL and another PSU MTNL (for Delhi and Mumbai) were given 3G spectrum last year ahead of auction for private players keeping in mind the cumbersome tendering process involved in the public sector procurement system For the private operators, the government has referred the issue of 3G spectrum auction to a Group of Ministers in view of inter-ministerial differences over the reserve price. The Department of Telecom (DoT) had earlier announced a reserve price of Rs 2,020 crore for pan-India 3G spectrum but later the Finance Ministry proposed doubling it. The DoT later took the matter to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), which referred it to the GoM, which is yet to meet for the first time

While govt. is hell bent on delaying 3G auction , BSNL and MTNL have enjoyed the first mover (as well as shaker) advantage – but with dismal result ,a never ending debate, 3G operators have asked for reducing the spectrum base price from Rs. 4,040 crores to 1,000 crore. India's 3G story has got a new twist with DoT proposing to auction all the spectrum, but limit the number of operators to four. As per the earlier recommendation by TRAI (and agreed by DoT), each operator was to be given 5MHz of spectrum and a circle can potentially accommodate 12 operators (govt. has 3G spectrum between 5-60MHz, depending on the circle). Also, the earlier recommendation was for 4 blocks per circle (except Delhi), and DoT has now recommended that government could auction more than four blocks of spectrum but will not exhaust all available spectrum. Citing security concerns from Intelligence Bureau, DoT has asked BSNL and MTNL to stop 3G services till call monitoring services are made available to the intelligence agencies. As per agreement between IB and DoT, for call interception the necessary equipments should be made available to the agency by the concerned telecom service providers with the cost being borne by the security agency "Considering the need for faster penetration of 3G, and the need for telecom access to rual areas, the Government policy will allow telecom infrastructure sharing between commercial telcos as well as infrastructure providers," DoT also plans enable mobile number portability (MNP) in major cities by August, and in othr towns by end of this year. Bids have been invited of providing MNP switches. With the Government issuing guidelines for 3G, high speed mobile downloads and live television on mobile will finally become a reality by middle of 2009. But customers in Delhi or Mumbai may not have much to look forward to. Due to spectrum constraints, there are merely three Global System for Mobile (GSM) operators that can offer 3G services. With one slot already reserved for MTNL and the other two open for global bids, customers in Delhi and Mumbai may end up missing the 3G bus if they don’t switch operators. But customers in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala could have as many as 10 operators to choose from. "Subject to the availability of 3G spectrum, we will have five operators to start with and gradually we may go up to having ten operators. In Mumbai and Delhi, however, we can only have 2-3 operators. Even private GSM operators admit that limited spectrum will lead to overbidding and could render 3G services unaffordable.

"If there is a supply constraint and demand excess, obviously there will be overbidding, which could make 3G very expensive in Delhi and Mumbai," But analysts say it is unlikely that the big GSM players like Airtel and Vodafone will not bid aggressively to ensure they get 3G spectrums, primarily because most customers with an appetite for 3G are locked in the two networks. Upgrading to 3G will be an expensive affair for all telcos. All telco hardware vendors would have another reason to drool in India! "Besides upgrading mobile data speeds to 2 mbps from the present 144 kbps, BSNL wl also offer video screening of calls, video on demand, mobile surveillance, Live TV, movie downloads etc on our 3G platform," For this, the company will scale up tie-ups with its existing content providers. However, the telco will not be providing its previously launched IPTV service, which has garnered 5000 subscribers, on 3G. BSNL is planning 3G launch in 700 cities and as far as private operators are concerned, the wait is still not over. Govt. has setup GoM (Group of Ministers) to decide on the issue of pricing of 3G spectrum auction and the number of players to be allowed in a circle If the auction date slides further, do not expect 3G auction to happen under current government – and that means, super delay of at east 6 more months. The lower subscriber numbers are a testimonial to the fact that private players should be allotted spectrum at the earliest – after all, government is losing money by delaying 3G auction and the ones who have been allotted spectrum aren’t able to market/position it to consumers (maybe a function of segment they cater to?). On top of that, DoT has asked BSNL and MTNL to stop 3G Services over security reasons. All said and done, government owned companies need serious (and aggressive) competition from private players – otherwise, expect a suboptimal and mediocre 3G story. While we are still not sure when India will get 3G, the technology has already moved on to “beyond 3G” or “4G”. . A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an “Anytime, Anywhere” basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations.

CWG scam
The commonwealth games hosted in New Delhi gave rise to a monumental scam. The common wealth games officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games

were held in Delhi from 3 to 14 October,2010. A total of 6081 athletes from 77Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272events.It was the largest Intercontinental multi-sport event to be staged In Delhi and India eclipsing the Asian games in 1951 and 1982.The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event. It was first time that the games were held in India and second time it was held in Asia after Kualalampur in 1998.Initially several concerns and controversies surfaced before the start of the games. The day after the conclusion of the games, the government of India announced the formation of a Special Investigation Committee to probe the allegations of corruption and mismanagement that had marred the build up to the games. The probe committee was led by former Comptroller and Auditor General of India Sri V.K.Shungloo.The probe was in addition to the CBI, Enforcement Directrorate and CVC Investigations..The probe committee was tasked with looking into all aspects of organizing and conducting the games and to draw lessons from it.The CBI registered cases in the alleged irregularities and has arrested CWG OC Chairman Suresh Kalmadi’s close aides. The CBI raided the residences of Suresh Kalmadi at Pune and New Delhi. The CBI registered cases against Organising Committee Secretary General LalitBhanot and Director General V.K. Verma, believed to be close associates of SriSuresh Kalmadi .He initial total budget estimated by the IOA in 2003 for hosting the games wasRs.1620 crores. In 2010,hoever, the official budget soon escalated to a estimate of Rs.11,500crores, a figure which excluded the non-sports related infrastructure development. Several concerns were raised over the preparation of the games and those include dexcessive budget estimates, widespread corruption by the officials of thegames organizing committee

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