South Africa

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South Africa
A. Definitions and sources of data Foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa is defined as Investment by foreigners/South African residents in undertakings in South Africa/abroad in which they have individually or collectively in the case of affiliated organizations or persons at least 10% of the voting rights. In the compilation of South Africa's balance-of-payment, the principle followed is that an effective voice is only possible if the investment involves control in the organization. In all cases, the ownership of 25% or more of total issued voting stock or comparable ownership or voting rights is regarded as involving control. Data on the geographic location of the origin of inward stock, and inward and outward flows as well as on the sectoral distribution of FDI flows were calculated on the basis of foreign liabilities and assets values reported by the South African Reserve Bank. The International Monetary Fund also provides data on FDI in the country in its balance-of-payments statistics. The Government of South Africa is eager to attract foreign investment and has put policies in place to achieve this goal. The government does not require approval for investment and foreign investors in most cases are subject to the same laws as domestic investors. Non-residents may invest directly through a resident company, branch or partnership. The 1973 Companies Act permits the establishment of a private or public limited-liability company. Most foreign firms setting up South African subsidiaries have used the private form. The Close Corporation Act of 1984 (Act 69) created a third legal form for corporations, which is well suited to small businesses. The rights of foreign owners are not legally restricted, except in banking, and there is no overall limit on the amount of foreign ownership. Moreover, the government's privatization programme shows a clear move away from the past protectionist policies. Foreigners are free to acquire freehold title to land anywhere in the country. Certain industrial sites offer land for long-term lease only. In many parts of the country, land rights are separated from mineral rights. Firms interested in the latter should investigate title deeds, which are public documents in local registries, to check the ownership of mineral rights. These rights are the focus of a new policy that calls for transferring ownership of all domestic mineral rights to the state. The Department of Trade and Industry has recently completed a process of fundamental restructuring and initiated programs such as the skills support program for investors. The new investment-promotion agency, Trade and Investment of South Africa, is now operational. South Africa has been revising its competition laws in recent years. An important statute, which took effect in 1999, established new standards that reduce market dominance, curb restrictive practices and more closely regulate mergers. Foreign businesses can expect the businessoperating environment to become increasingly competitive. The legal system is an unusual mixture of English law, and the Dutch-Roman law on the other. The Roman-Dutch law tends to predominate in matters of property, succession and the law of sale and lease. To avoid unpleasant surprises, investors have to consult counsel on any matters regarding the establishment or expansion of business in South Africa. Acquisitions and takeovers are subject to the provisions of chapter 13 of the reconstituted 1973 Companies Act, whether the company making the take-over bid is foreign or local. The amended law contains strict provisions governing disclosure and take-over procedures. Under Competition Act 89 of 1998, parties must notify the Competition Commission within seven days of a proposed

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA

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merger that qualifies as an intermediate or as a larger merger, as defined by law. Antitrust rules empower the government to prohibit mergers deemed contrary to the public interest. The new competition law was implemented in the mid-1999. South Africa has double tax agreements with several foreign countries. These include Botswana, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, the Republic of Korea, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, the Netherlands, Romania, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The treaty with the United Kingdom extends also to Grenada, Mauritius, the Seychelles and Sierra Leone. Limited sea and air transport agreements exist with Belgium, Brazil, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, Portugal, the Republic of China and Spain. Comprehensive agreements have been ratified in South Africa with Belgium, Hungary and Poland. Comprehensive agreements have been signed but not ratified with Austria, Canada, Italy, Lesotho, Republic of China and the Russian Federation. Comprehensive agreements have been negotiated, or renegotiated but not signed, with Botswana, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Norway, Singapore, Slovakia, Thailand, Turkey and Uganda. Comprehensive agreements are being negotiated or renegotiated but have not been finalized with Argentina, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Portugal, Tunisia, the United States of America and Zimbabwe. In terms of these agreements, the foreign resident undertaking will only be taxable in South Africa if it conducts business in South Africa through a permanent establishment. The government provides export subsidy that is payable under the General Export Incentive Scheme. South Africa is a member of most international conventions for protecting intellectual property. Patents, trademarks, copyrights and industrial designs, and models are all legally recognized in South Africa, which was one of the first signatories to the Trademarks Laws Treaty at the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1994. The current legal regime ensures compliance with the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property agreement (TRIPs) of the World Trade Organization to which South Africa is a member. Most Africa countries, particularly those on the southern tip of the region seek close relationship with South Africa as both an outlet and source of materials products. South Africa, on the other hand had intensified their effort to integrate into the global economy, starting with the region. The country now has warm relations with almost all the countries of the world. South Africa actively engages its African neighbours at both the political and commercial level, both bilaterally and is a big-time player in regional bodies such as the African Union, Southern African Customs Union and the Southern African Development Community. The government won the approval of the Organization of African Unity conference in Lusaka to present Millennium Africa Plan, now been renamed the New Partnership for Africa's Development. South Africa also has strong tie with the United States and is eligible for the United States' market access for African countries - African Growth and Opportunity Act.

B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA

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Table 1. Summary of FDI
(Millions of dollars)

Variable 1. FDI flows, 2002-2005 (annual average) 2. FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, 2002-2005 (annual average) 3. FDI stock, 2005 4. FDI stock as a percentage of GDP, 2005
Source: Based on tables 3a, 4a and UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.

Inward 2 167.3 7.4 69 372.0 29.0

Outward 396.6 1.3 38 503.4 16.1

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 3a. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1980-2005
(Millions of dollars)

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Equity Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 .. .. .. .. .. 82.0 13.3 -17.5 108.7 102.1 67.6 16.3 33.3 2.8 5.1 289.5 570.2 3 601.2 506.9 1 075.7 841.8 6 561.8 457.6 554.5 245.7 6 589.2

Inward investment IntraReinvested company earnings loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -534.7 -63.8 -174.2 49.7 -303.3 -146.1 231.8 -29.8 7.3 374.7 951.8 247.9 216.0 54.2 426.6 46.1 226.9 299.1 179.1 553.5 -209.8

Total -10.3 65.0 329.7 70.9 419.5 -448.0 -49.9 -190.1 161.5 -206.7 -78.4 248.1 3.5 10.1 379.8 1 241.3 818.1 3 817.2 561.1 1 502.3 887.9 6 788.7 756.7 733.7 799.2 6 379.4

Equity .. .. .. .. .. 27.8 73.7 11.5 50.0 126.9 39.0 146.7 360.9 72.9 1 368.6 2 306.3 1 278.5 2 205.8 1 697.5 833.5 -165.5 -4 111.1 163.2 796.9 1 413.7 -230.1

Outward investment IntraReinvested company earnings loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19.5 -2.7 100.6 14.6 35.8 -11.6 61.2 1 576.3 225.3 -132.4 191.3 -234.6 145.0 81.5 746.6 436.3 930.9 -562.1 -231.7 -61.6 298.0

Total 755.0 643.9 -5.5 156.2 193.1 51.2 70.5 110.0 68.2 168.2 27.4 207.9 1 937.2 298.2 1 236.2 2 497.7 1 043.9 2 350.8 1 779.0 1 580.1 270.8 -3 180.1 -398.9 565.1 1 352.1 67.9

Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note : FDI flows: South African Reserve Bank.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 3b. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1980-2004
(Millions of dollars)

Page 6 of 29

Equity Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 82.0 13.3 -17.5 108.7 102.1 67.5 16.4 32.9 2.0 3.7 287.5 581.8 3,594.8 484.2 1,074.8 913.1 7,031.6 441.9 567.4 124.8 6,448.3

Inward investment IntraReinvested company earnings loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -534.7 -63.8 -174.2 49.7 -303.3 -143.2 237.8 -29.5 9.3 370.7 960.9 234.6 215.8 66.2 428.6 55.8 238.7 293.3 215.7 576.6 -191.0

Total -452.6 -50.5 -191.7 158.4 -201.2 -75.7 254.1 3.4 11.3 374.4 1,248.4 816.4 3,810.5 550.3 1,503.3 968.8 7,270.3 735.2 783.1 701.4 6,257.3

Equity 27.8 73.7 11.5 50.0 126.9 39.8 144.9 356.5 73.9 1,357.7 2,306.5 1,263.5 2,178.3 1,554.4 835.6 -154.4 -4,449.6 152.4 758.8 1,361.2 -228.6

Outward investment IntraReinvested company earnings loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19.5 -2.7 100.6 14.6 35.8 -11.9 61.5 1,582.5 218.0 -97.2 187.5 -215.5 145.3 79.6 748.6 431.6 934.9 -554.7 -206.3 -55.7 296.3

Total 47.4 71.0 112.1 64.6 162.7 28.0 206.4 1,939.0 291.9 1,260.5 2,493.9 1,048.0 2,323.6 1,634.0 1,584.2 277.2 -3,514.7 -402.3 552.5 1,305.4 67.7

Source: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments CD ROM, August 2006.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 4a. FDI stock, by type of investment, 1980-2005
(Millions of dollars)

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Equity Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 13 137.4 11 551.2 10 965.8 10 112.2 6 963.7 5 744.4 6 843.6 7 067.6 5 775.9 6 477.3 7 724.8 8 505.6 9 091.9 8 751.0 9 908.5 11 841.7 10 594.9 13 644.6 12 744.8 48 468.4 40 280.5 27 744.9 25 919.2 40 694.9 56 443.2 ..

Inward Investment IntraReinvested company earnings loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 750.3 19 191.0 16 229.8 9 935.5 7 593.5 13 929.2 22 745.8 .. 3 322.1 3 271.1 4 012.7 3 933.7 4 032.1 3 138.8 2 944.5 2 959.2 1 968.7 1 540.5 1 482.4 1 701.9 1 565.6 1 938.5 2 701.7 3 163.6 2 637.0 3 096.0 2 926.8 3 309.0 3 161.8 2 911.6 3 630.0 4 897.6 6 549.4 ..

Total 16 459.5 14 822.3 14 978.4 14 045.9 10 995.8 8 883.2 9 788.1 10 026.8 7 744.6 8 017.9 9 207.2 10 207.5 10 657.5 10 689.5 12 610.2 15 005.4 13 231.9 16 740.6 15 671.6 51 777.4 43 442.3 30 656.5 29 549.2 45 592.5 62 992.6 69 372.0

Equity 4 148.0 4 761.7 6 328.5 6 659.8 7 820.9 8 224.4 10 190.5 12 718.9 11 549.6 12 573.3 14 516.0 15 607.5 16 746.8 16 659.7 17 030.7 21 093.3 22 893.6 22 142.6 26 283.1 31 935.6 31 071.9 16 368.1 19 992.1 25 102.6 35 660.9 ..

Outward Investment IntraReinvested company earnings loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 870.6 22 863.1 21 662.8 10 585.7 13 347.5 15 893.5 22 481.9 .. 1 393.4 1 297.6 1 008.9 861.3 698.1 665.1 705.5 718.5 501.5 505.4 488.4 492.9 1 040.4 1 292.4 2 066.9 2 194.2 1 448.2 1 113.8 566.8 1 057.7 1 246.7 1 262.2 1 942.6 2 009.5 2 774.5 ..

Total 5 541.4 6 059.3 7 337.4 7 521.1 8 519.1 8 889.5 10 896.0 13 437.4 12 051.1 13 078.6 15 004.4 16 100.4 17 787.3 17 952.1 19 097.6 23 287.5 24 341.8 23 256.5 26 849.9 32 993.4 32 318.6 17630.3 21 934.8 27 112.2 38 435.5 38 503.4

Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note : FDI stocks: South African Reserve Bank 1980-2004. 2005 is estimated by adding flows to the 2004 stock.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 4b. FDI stock, by type of investment, 1980-2004
(Millions of dollars)

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Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Inward investment IntraEquity and Reinvested company earnings loans 13,135.6 11,553.8 10,917.9 10,032.8 6,950.9 5,740.3 6,851.2 7,024.0 5,776.5 6,433.3 7,388.0 8,154.5 8,743.9 8,403.5 9,537.8 11,380.1 10,202.2 13,640.9 12,748.5 48,463.2 40,288.6 27,665.8 25,973.3 40,803.9 56,513.1 3,329.9 3,278.4 4,033.2 3,941.4 4,047.0 3,158.9 2,973.3 2,990.2 1,971.2 1,623.8 1,822.4 2,054.7 1,918.4 2,290.8 3,077.2 3,634.0 3,033.4 3,095.2 2,927.7 3,308.6 3,162.5 2,903.2 3,637.5 4,910.7 6,557.6

Total 16,465.5 14,832.1 14,951.1 13,974.2 10,998.0 8,899.2 9,824.6 10,014.3 7,747.7 8,057.1 9,210.4 10,209.1 10,662.3 10,694.3 12,614.9 15,014.1 13,235.7 16,736.1 15,676.1 51,771.9 43,451.0 30,569.0 29,610.8 45,714.6 63,070.7

Outward investment IntraEquity and Reinvested company earnings loans 4,085.2 4,718.9 6,284.4 6,602.9 7,809.4 8,225.5 10,202.9 12,686.9 11,540.9 12,621.4 14,506.8 15,596.6 16,731.7 16,646.9 17,022.4 21,096.4 22,891.6 22,136.6 26,290.6 32,243.4 31,424.3 16,658.7 20,572.6 25,617.6 36,107.5 1,458.3 1,344.4 1,039.7 879.8 711.4 680.0 733.7 733.7 515.2 521.3 503.0 506.4 1,063.5 1,313.3 2,082.4 2,204.8 1,457.1 1,113.5 566.9 746.5 900.8 921.3 1,407.9 1,567.2 2,375.7

Total 5,543.5 6,063.3 7,324.1 7,482.6 8,520.8 8,905.4 10,936.6 13,420.6 12,056.1 13,142.7 15,009.8 16,103.0 17,795.3 17,960.3 19,104.8 23,301.2 24,348.7 23,250.1 26,857.5 32,989.8 32,325.2 17,580.0 21,980.4 27,184.8 38,483.1

Source: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments CD ROM, August 2006.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA

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Table 6a. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-1994
(Millions of rand)

Region/Economy World Unspecified Developed economies Unspecified Developed economies Europe Unspecified Western Europe European Union Austria Belgium France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands United Kingdom Unspecified European Union Other developed Europe a Liechtenstein Switzerland Unspecified Other Europe North America United States Unspecified North America b Other Developed economies Australia Japan Developing economies Unspecified developing economies Africa Botswana Swaziland Unspecified Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Asia and Oceania Asia Hong Kong, China Taiwan Province of China Unspecified Asia c
a

1990 1 331 .. 1 130 1 130 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 201 201 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1991 3 172 .. 3 082 3 082 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 90 90 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1992 1 764 .. 1 793 1 793 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - 29 - 29 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1993 2 436 .. 1 973 101 1 047 232 815 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 815 .. .. .. .. 825 .. 825 .. .. .. 463 .. 26 .. .. 26 4 433 433 .. .. 433

1994 6 862 - 4 6 702 .. 5 374 .. 4 321 10 - 1 1 031 907 26 - 79 1 754 673 .. 1 053 102 560 391 1 104 1 104 .. 224 132 92 164 .. 8 - 25 3 30 326 - 170 - 170 - 195 28 - 3

Source : South African Reserve Bank, Quarterly Bulletin , various issues. Includes Central and Eastern Europe. b Includes Latin American and Caribbean economies. c Includes Japan.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 6b. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2004
(Millions of dollars)

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Economy

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
23 20 .. 10 8 .. 1 7 15 .. .. .. 925 1 150 1 364 .. .. .. .. .. 236 1 1 11 40 .. 87 619 807 521 .. .. .. 236 149 69 53 11 9 1 .. .. .. .. 14 82 192 .. .. .. 19 31 1 .. 14 7 5 22 14 106 95 77 656 326 625 1 298 83 1 155 .. 6 6 .. 793 1 20 120 513 .. 12 8 .. .. 98 .. 8 1 .. 4 060 .. .. 12 .. .. .. 17 .. .. .. 11 .. 12 20 12 9 .. .. 76 .. .. 1 161 232 178 .. .. .. 9 106 .. .. 24 7 1 18 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 64 59 166 184 .. .. .. .. 12 2 5 89 4 252 45 .. 49 3 26 106 32 153 180 .. 468 3 395 3 628 7 009 86 125 233 730 .. 5 .. 90 .. 4 11 5 .. 129

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Albania .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Australia .. .. 8 3 6 4 Austria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Belgium Belgium / Luxembourg 11 11 12 3 55 163 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cyprus .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Denmark .. .. .. .. 2 4 6 Finland 14 10 60 7 12 157 France 61 330 477 70 276 259 105 Germany .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hungary .. .. .. .. .. 56 24 Japan .. .. .. .. 17 27 470 Malaysia .. .. .. .. Mauritius .. 5 1 7 5 4 .. Namibia 7 45 84 24 15 59 142 Netherlands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 7 Portugal .. .. 47 .. .. 1 Spain .. .. .. .. 3 6 5 Sweden .. .. .. 25 35 127 75 Switzerland 39 266 126 471 260 735 39 United Kingdom 78 110 118 72 260 289 194 United States Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above

66 49 10 952 346

Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 1990-2004
(Millions of dollars)

Economy
Australia Austria Belgium Belgium / Luxembourg Brazil Bulgaria Chile China Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Hungary Madagascar Malaysia Mauritius Morocco Namibia Portugal Saudi Arabia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Tanzania, United Rep. United States Venezuela

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 67 .. 16 .. .. .. .. 25 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 6 .. .. .. .. 78 .. .. .. .. 53 .. 87 .. 29 .. .. 2 .. .. 100 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 75 .. .. .. 149 .. 1 .. 7 .. .. .. .. 13 1 .. .. .. .. 6 .. .. .. .. .. 38 .. .. .. 87 .. 15 154 .. .. 1 .. .. 84 4 .. .. .. .. 3 1 .. .. .. .. 36 .. .. 77 .. 9 .. 10 16 .. 3 .. .. 219 1 .. .. .. .. .. 76 .. .. .. .. 36 1 .. .. 197 .. 1 .. 63 1 .. 9 .. .. 74 .. .. .. .. .. 109 23 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 .. 170 .. 27 .. 50 .. 9 .. .. 476 .. 3 .. .. .. 165 .. .. 1 46 .. .. .. 1 .. 244 .. 13 .. 90 661 .. 78 .. 330 9 2 .. .. .. .. 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 .. 2 3 969 .. 148 .. 127 372 .. 20 .. 1 40 6 .. .. 1 .. 2 33 .. .. 4 23 5 .. 16 5 210 53 113 .. 32 .. .. .. .. 1 9 1 .. .. 3 10 6 .. 26 .. .. 1 .. 2 6 572 132 216 .. 175 1 .. 9 6 12 .. .. .. 1 .. 6 174 .. 6 8 4 .. .. .. .. 38 1 655 .. 24 21 .. .. 2 1 3 7 73 190 104 .. .. 3 295 1 .. 37 11 .. .. .. 2 25 94 .. 65 .. .. 14 125 .. .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 125 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. 42 ..

.. 1

3 .. .. .. 2 .. 1 6 34 .. 38 ..

Source : UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 11. FDI stock in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2004
(Millions of rand)

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Sector/Industry
Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Transport, storage and communications Finance Community, social and personal services

1994
36 024 2 274 315 1 959 14 884 18 866 .. 562 6 696 467 11 097 44

1995
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1996
58 708 3 253 356 2 897 25 422 30 033 .. 158 7 619 534 21 622 100

1997
89 295 3 975 382 3 593 34 187 51 133 .. 206 8 222 5 291 37 315 99

1998
91 862 7 656 387 7 269 40 429 43 777 .. 304 8 237 5 779 29 357 100

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003
303 438 103 593 500 103 093 75 427 124 418 28 1 938 13 425 22 043 86 626 358

2004
355 088 112 358 719 111 639 111 354 131 376 28 1 986 14 517 14 112 100 215 518

318 630 328 859 114 501 91 997 406 457 114 095 91 540 79 486 86 783 124 643 150 079 .. .. 506 314 10 596 11 895 8 411 8 521 104 992 129 162 138 187

370 695 255 837 124 716 81 272 653 655 124 063 80 617 89 443 67 248 156 536 107 317 30 30 1 761 1 858 15 141 13 312 8 825 10 131 130 562 81 634 217 352

Source : South African Reserve Bank, Quarterly Bulletin , various.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 12. FDI stock in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1993-2004
(Millions of rand)

Page 12 of 29

Region/Economy 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 36 334 44 701 54 764 61 976 81 463 91 862 318 630 World 34 885 43 051 52 638 58 856 74 960 81 620 308 001 Developed economies 29 014 35 201 43 735 47 442 61 070 65 659 288 042 Europe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. European Union .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Austria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. .. France .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Germany .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Greece .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ireland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Italy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Netherlands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Sweden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Other developed Europe a .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Switzerland 5 592 7 404 8 404 10 824 13 391 15 452 19 052 North America .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. United States 5 592 7 404 8 404 10 824 13 391 15 452 19 052 Unsp. North America b 279 446 499 590 499 509 907 Other Developed economies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Australia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Japan 279 446 499 590 499 509 907 Unsp. Other Developed economies c 1 443 1 649 1 939 2 974 6 374 10 115 10 515 Developing economies 699 775 559 612 908 794 1 769 Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. East Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mauritius .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Zimbabwe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Southern Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Botswana .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Lesotho .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Namibia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Swaziland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Latin America and the Caribbean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bahamas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bermuda 744 874 1 380 2 362 5 466 9 321 8 746 Asia and Oceania 744 874 1 380 2 362 5 466 9 321 8 746 Asia 744 874 1 380 2 362 5 466 9 321 8 746 Unspecified Asia d .. .. .. .. .. .. .. West Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Saudi Arabia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. East Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. China .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hong Kong, China .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Taiwan Province of China .. .. .. .. .. .. .. South-East Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Malaysia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Singapore 6 1 187 146 129 127 114 Unspecified Source : South African Reserve Bank, Quarterly Bulletin , various issues. a Includes Central and Eastern Europe. b Includes Latin American and Caribbean economies. c Includes Austalia, New Zealand and Pacific economies. Data for Australia is reported for 2000. d Includes Japan.

2000
328 859 317 545 292 632 279 018 260 922 2 531 19 090 .. .. 1 517 766 11 006 .. 242 926 10 699 436 10 263 22 832 .. 19 625 3 207 2 081 538 1 533 10 10 920 2 279 .. .. .. 270 79 19 .. 172 20 20 .. 8 621 8 621 1 150 .. .. 655 .. 242 413 6 816 6 816 .. 394

2001
370 695 355 467 332 336 324 217 96 875 3 094 22 397 1 072 157 1 408 2 487 10 728 640 281 263 6 976 196 6 780 20 991 2 069 18 922 .. 2 140 148 1 984 8 15 228 5 049 3 615 1 525 2 090 1 381 758 52 40 531 1 423 .. 302 8 756 8 756 590 1 227 1 227 459 169 28 262 6 480 6 458 22 ..

2002
255 837 238 968 211 208 203 633 86 545 3 644 22 045 1 078 93 1 416 2 964 12 752 842 158 168 6 328 325 6 003 24 175 292 23 883 .. 3 585 142 3 435 8 16 869 5 468 4 423 2 289 2 134 959 693 70 45 151 964 .. 383 10 437 10 437 592 2 233 2 233 518 219 28 271 7 094 7 066 28 ..

2003
303 438 284 372 245 823 238 272 147 782 4 069 22 858 1 083 218 1 979 1 840 16 066 819 188 411 6 249 147 6 102 30 993 1 472 29 521 .. 7 556 420 7 127 9 19 066 4 659 4 104 1 966 2 138 424 172 74 22 156 1 054 .. 390 13 353 13 353 680 2 042 2 042 546 209 37 300 10 085 10 043 42 ..

2004
355 088 341 809 301 045 285 410 136 937 6 515 25 755 2 867 158 2 062 1 943 16 211 854 227 972 6 604 206 6 398 32 838 1 622 31 216 .. 7 926 528 7 382 16 13 279 4 167 3 298 1 160 2 138 642 211 74 22 335 1 294 .. 627 7 818 7 818 729 3 489 3 489 991 319 36 636 2 609 2 371 238 ..

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 15. FDI stock abroad, by geographical destination, 1993-2004
(Millions of rand)

Page 13 of 29

Region/Economy 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 61 020 67 698 84 991 114 013 113 170 157 385 203 036 244 653 World 57 862 63 978 80 858 109 022 106 081 146 446 191 790 230 652 Developed economies 56 680 59 149 75 621 103 085 99 170 138 842 176 621 208 937 Europe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 594 European Union 25 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Austria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Belgium .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. France .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Germany .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ireland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 58 308 Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Netherlands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 286 United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 717 Other developed Europe a .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 717 Switzerland 1 129 4 733 5 162 5 338 5 507 6 466 10 937 16 474 North America .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 215 United States 1 129 4 733 5 162 5 338 5 507 6 466 10 937 5 259 Unsp. North America b 53 96 75 599 1 404 1 138 4 232 5 241 Other Developed economies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Australia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Japan Unsp. Other Developed 53 96 75 599 1 404 1 138 4 232 5 241 economies c 3 155 3 715 4 131 4 983 7 080 10 939 11 243 13 936 Developing economies 2 832 3 217 3 833 4 482 6 147 9 386 9 971 12 265 Africa 2 832 3 217 3 833 4 482 6 147 9 386 9 971 12 265 Unsp.Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. East Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mauritius .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mozambique .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Zambia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Zimbabwe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Southern Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Botswana .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Lesotho .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Namibia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Swaziland Latin America and the .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Caribbean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bermuda 323 498 298 501 933 1 553 1 272 1 671 Asia and Oceania 323 498 298 501 933 1 553 1 272 1 671 Asia 323 498 298 501 933 1 553 1 272 1 671 Unsp. Asia d .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. East Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hong Kong, China .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. South-East Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Singapore 3 5 2 8 9 .. 3 65 Unspecified Source : South African Reserve Bank, Quarterly Bulletin , various issues. a Includes Central and Eastern Europe. b Includes Latin American and Caribbean economies. c Includes Austalia, New Zealand and Pacific economies. d Includes Japan.

2001
231 416 211 752 193 323 190 364 17 598 15 716 577 7 735 4 359 61 103 8 667 74 609 991 991 14 242 141 14 101 .. 4 187 3 853 331 3 19 664 14 031 1 063 11 421 6 628 4 117 89 587 1 547 408 177 806 156 2 266 30 3 367 3 367 390 2 795 2 795 182 182 ..

2002
202 826 182 652 152 348 150 419 27 039 18 141 588 5 866 341 46 809 6 178 45 457 353 353 22 927 64 22 863 .. 7 377 6 997 377 3 20 144 14 234 1 291 11 374 3 729 6 896 146 603 1 569 290 168 839 272 1 843 30 4 067 4 067 298 3 578 3 578 191 191 30

2003
180 507 159 743 137 356 135 151 11 183 23 080 536 6 559 80 43 704 5 925 44 084 237 237 14 996 60 14 936 .. 7 391 6 804 584 3 20 733 15 837 1 369 11 625 4 106 5 071 415 2 033 2 843 551 204 1 151 937 1 970 35 2 926 2 926 227 2 504 2 504 195 195 31

2004
216 660 188 328 165 503 162 906 16 728 16 459 609 4 314 432 51 066 8 300 64 998 354 354 15 369 60 15 309 .. 7 456 6 804 649 3 28 211 23 601 7 476 13 569 8 116 4 396 412 645 2 556 619 256 840 841 2 085 37 2 525 2 525 227 2 198 2 198 100 100 121

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA

Page 14 of 29

Table 21. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1990-2004 Economy Denmark Finland Germany Ireland Italy Poland Sweden a United States 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 8 8 9 9 11 11 11 11 20 17 20 15 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. 2 3 6 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. 4 11 8 .. 12 9 26 22 18 20 22 26 31 19 20 18 22 26 21 .. ..

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above. a Majority-owned affiliates.

Table 23. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003 Economy Germany Italy United States 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 302 315 333 304 294 315 317 334 338 360 387 381 224 227 .. 3 .. 2 .. 3 .. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 106 104 104 108 129 140 151 160 169 191 197 200 204 206

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above.

Table 28. Assets of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1990-2001
(Millions of dollars) 268 330 248 232 194 279 4 585 3 937 3 391 3 167 4 371 7 040 Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above.

Economy Germany United States

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
129 8 261

1997
112 8 157

1998
120 8 483

1999
301 3 692

2000
93 10 449

2001
1 234 6 160

Table 30. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003
(Millions of dollars)

3 882 4 024 4 089 4 055 4 584 5 720 2 674 2 703 2 928 2 925 3 901 5 819 Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above. a Majority-owned affiliates.

Economy Austria a Germany United States

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.2 .. .. ..
4 952 5 245 5 021 5 425 5 940 12 923 13 646 15 532 5 769 4 759 .. .. 17 855 14 912 14 046 18 390

Table 33. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1990-2004
(Thousands of employees)

Economy Germany Ireland Italy Sweden United States

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 .. 0.1 0.0 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. 0.4 .. 0.6 .. 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1 .. 0.1 0.3 0.3 .. 0.3 0.3 14.5 12.9 13.4 13.1 12.9 18.6 20.6 20.4 18.3 8.5 9.4 9.8 10.0 .. ..

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above.

Table 35. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003
(Thousands of employees)

Economy Austria Belgium Finland a Germany Italy Portugal Sweden a Switzerland United States

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.1 1.7 1.0 2.4 .. 53.0 50.0 52.0 49.0 52.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 51.0 69.0 65.0 66.0 54.0 55.0 .. 1.5 .. 0.8 .. 0.1 .. 0.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. 1.6 .. .. 1.1 .. .. 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.7 21.6 25.6 25.3 31.2 20.4 20.9 19.7 21.3 25.9 28.1 40.6 39.7 39.0 38.2 47.8 53.4 54.3 103.7 115.3 137.8 139.0 138.0 116.0 116.4

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above. a Majority-owned affiliates.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA

Page 15 of 29

Tables 38 and 48. Wages and salaries and value added of foreign affiliates of South African TNCs in the United States, 1990-2002
(Millions of dollars)

Table no. Variable 38 Wages and salaries 48 Value added

1990
597 ..

1991
571 ..

1992
557 877

1993
597 897

1994
639 1 012

1995
924 1 867

1996
1 098 2 011

1997
1 182 2 218

1998
1 126 2 027

1999
575 874

2000
627 1 045

2001
727 971

2002
777 ..

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the United States.

Tables 40 and 50. Wages and salaries and value added of affiliates of United States TNCs in South Africa, 1990-2003
(Millions of dollars)

Table no. Variable 40 Wages and salaries a Value added 50

1990
492 ..

1991
521 ..

1992
645 ..

1993
588 ..

1994
674 908

1995
1 032 1 097

1996
1 014 1 322

1997
1 780 1 449

1998
1 911 1 638

1999
2 598 1 687

2000
2 798 2 311

2001
2 597 1 949

2002
2 174 2 187

2003
2 237 2 763

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the United States. a Majority-owned affiliates of United States TNCs.

Table 43. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1990-2003
(Thousands of employees)

.. .. .. 186.1 .. 5 151 3 903 3 910 4 399 5 643 Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above. a Majority-owned affiliates.

Economy Austria a Germany Italy a United States

1990
.. 309

1991
.. 422

1992
.. ..

1993
.. 242

1994
.. 246

1995
7.9 209

1996
7.6 266

1997
.. 173

1998
.. 170

1999
.. 320 .. 3 475

2000
.. 184 .. 4 852

2001
.. 537 .. 5 152

2002
.. 1 223 .. 5 175

2003
.. 1 467 .. ..

185.5 .. 152.1 .. 9 400 10 016 10 243 11 560

Table 45. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003
(Millions of dollars)

.. .. .. .. .. 4 159 4 269 4 290 4 216 5 050 Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are based on information reported by the economies listed above. a Majority-owned affiliates.

Economy Austria a Belgium a Germany Finland a Italy Portugal a United States

1990
.. .. 6 003 .. ..

1991
.. .. 6 448 .. 91.1

1992
.. .. 6 980 .. ..

1993
.. .. 6 714 .. 9.8

1994
.. .. 7 271 .. ..

1995
.. .. 9 420 .. 9.8 .. 6 819

1996
45.3 .. 8 174 .. ..

1997
.. .. 9 515 .. 21.0

1998
.. 138.8 8 695 .. ..

1999
19.2 .. 9 163 138.2 ..

2000
24.9 .. 8 937 115.0 ..

2001
.. .. 8 948 77.0 ..

2002
44.4

2003
..

.. .. 9 223 12 528 375.0 .. .. ..

.. 9.7 3.4 3.5 .. .. 50.8 54.6 7 364 11 543 12 163 13 805 17 243 16 053 16 225 19 050

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs, 2004
(Millions of dollars and number)

Page 16 of 29

Company A. Industrial Sasol Chemiese Nywerhede Barloworld Imperial Holdings De Beers Consolidated Mines Sappi Iscor Steinhoff International Holdings Nampak Allied Electronics Corporation Impala Platinium Gold Fields Limited Harmony Gold Mining Company Illovo Sugar Rustenburg Platinum Holdings Omnia Holdings Bell Equipment Haggie Rand Unihold Group James Howden Dynamic Fluid Control Rhomberg Trading Spanjaard GAP Communications Technologies Seardel Investment Corporation AECI Explosives The South African Breweries Sans Fibres Macsteel The Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation Welfit Oddy Polo Manufacturing Atio Corporation Powertech Batteries International Alfa International Atlas Copco Holdings Conhage Foodcorp Operations Ressano Garcia Railway company B. Tertiary Eskom The Bidvest Group MTN Group Safair Pick n Pay Retailers Datatec Networking & Communication Systems Naspers Aveng Murray & Roberts Reunert Pepkor Network Healtcare Holding Sun International Group Five Holdings Rebserve Holdings South African Marine Corporation Comparex Dimension Data

Industry

Sales

Employees

Chemicals and chemical products Diversified Motor vehicles and trailers Mining and quarrying Wood and wood products Metal and metal products Other manufacturing Wood and wood products Electrical and electronic equipments Mining and quarrying Metal and metal products Mining and quarrying Agriculture Other manufacturing Diversified Machinery and equipment Other manufacturing Machinery and equipment Machinery and equipment Machinery and equipment Electrical and electronic equipment Petroleum Electrical and electronic equipments Textiles and clothing Chemicals and chemical products Food products, beverages and tabacco Textiles and clothing Metal and metal products Manufacture of petroleum Motor vehicles and trailers Textiles and clothing Electrical and electronic equipments Electrical and electronic equipments Machinery and equipment Other manufacturing Rubber and plastic products Food products, beverages and tabacco Other manufacturing

10 608 6 467 6 222 5 695 4 728 4 065 3 395 3 085 2 153 2 083 2 077 1 550 907 869 752 414 126 63 76 22 6 4 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

30 910 25 233 29 528 21 000 16 010 11 416 41 500 13 376 11 759 31 600 41 500 55 913 14 598 .. 1 800 2 138 3 000 2 000 139 700 250 60 20 17 000 7 400 4 800 2 000 1 200 1 000 900 450 360 300 70 .. .. .. ..

a a b b

a b b c c c c

c

b c c c c

Electricity, gas and water Transport and storage Telecommunications Transport Distributive trade Computer and related activities Communications Construction Construction Computer and related activities Transport and storage Other services Hotel and restaurant Construction Other business services Transport and storage Computer and related activities Computer and related activities

7 580 7 009 5 113 4 538 3 683 2 538 2 479 2 071 1 486 1 102 1 049 889 789 750 615 422 419 365

29 845 54 251 5 283 370 30 000 2 232 10 400 24 355 23 904 5 169 13 235 .. 8 004 12 242 31 822 2 002 2 605 3 204

a a

a

a

b b b

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs, 2004 (continued)
(Millions of dollars and number)

Page 17 of 29

Company Tiger Wheels Leisurenet B. Tertiary (continued) Trencor Services Hans Merensky Holdings Metropolitan Health Corporate Wings Corporate Travel Paradigm Systems Technology Mgx Software Idion Technology Holdings Vaal Mac Investments Tourvest Holdings Business Connexion Technology Holdings Multichoice Berzack Brothers CJ Petrow and Company Mobile Telephone Networks Comazar That Record Company C. Finance and insurance The Standard Bank of South Africa FirstRand Bank Investec Bank Tradehold WACO International Unifruco Munich Reinsurance Company of Africa Clickatell Nedbank MIH Holdings Ltd. Liberty Group

Industry Wholesale trade Other services

Sales Employees 321 1 465 159 ..

c c

Transport Wholesale trade Health and social services Transport and storage Computer and related activities Computer and related activities Computer and related activities Research and development Transport and storage Computer and related activities Telecommunications Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Telecommunications Transport Other services

74 18 13 11 11 6 5 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Assets

35 4 000 950 117 250 110 170 100 15 .. 1 250 70 60 40 .. .. Employees 40 245 36 156 4 400 18 000 6 000 230 200 26 .. .. ..

a b c c b c

c c a b c c c

Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Insurance Insurance Finance Finance Finance

109 339 51 588 28 429 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

c

c

Sources: The Banker's Almanac , 2003 (London, Reed Information Services, 2003); Thomson Analytics (http://analytics.thomsonib.com/); Who Owns Whom database (https://solutions.dnb.com/wow); L'intelligent Jeune Afrique, "The Africa Report: Top 500 companies" (March 2006); The Banker, Top 1000 World Banks, (July, 2005); Annual Report. a b c 2003. 2002. Estimate.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 87. Largest affiliates of home-based TNCs, 2004
(Millions of dollars and number)

Page 18 of 29

Company Name A. Industrial Northern Breweries Barloworld Plascon Zambia Sasol Germany Gmbh Sasol Italy Sasol North America SD Warren Company Sappi Lanaken Press Paper Nampak Plastics Europe Barloworld Equipment UK Stahlschmidt & Maiworm Dometic Sappi Lanaken NV Stahlschmidt & Maiworm Sasol Servo Sappi (U.K.) Barloworld Scientific Illovo Sugar Malawi Melles Griot Delta Emd Australia Satelcom Sasol China The Jacobs Manufacturing Sasol Slovakia International Trimmings & Labels Comstor Networking Hukla Matratzen Nampak Gent Abelle Limited Glenryck Foods Trenstar Dometic Seitz California Steel and Tube Afora ATS Leichtmetallräder Barloworld Vacuum Technology Dynamic Battery Services Techne Alpine Systems Corporation B. Tertiary Bidvest BFS Group Sappi Europe Westcon Group GHG Intermediate General Healthcare Group Dometic International Finanzauto BMI Healthcare Westcon Group European Operations Fitness First Holdings Sasol International Services Poundstretcher HM Group Barloworld USA Sasol Olefins & Surfactants Westcon (UK) Macsteel Service Centers Barloworld Truck Center

Host Economy

Industry

Sales

Employees

Zambia Zambia Germany Italy United states United States Belgium United Kingdom United Kingdom Germany Sweden Belgium Poland Netherlands United Kingdom United Kingdom Malawi United States Australia United Kingdom China United Kingdom Slovakia United Kingdom Spain Germany Belgium Australia United Kingdom United Kingdom Sweden United States Spain Germany United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Canada

Food products and beverages Chemicals and chemical products Chemicals and chemical products Chemicals and chemical products Chemicals and chemical products Wood and wood products Wood and wood products Rubber and plastic products Machinery and equipment Motor vehicles and trailers Electrical and electronic equipment Wood and wood products Metal and metal products Chemicals and chemical products Wood and wood products Non-metallic mineral products Agriculture Precision instruments Chemicals and chemical products Machinery and equipment Chemicals and chemical products Other manufacturing Chemicals and chemical products Textiles and clothing Electrical and electronic equipment Wood and wood products Chemicals and chemical products Mining and quarrying Food products and beverages Machinery and equipment Rubber and plastic products Metal and metal products Precision instruments Motor vehicles and trailers Machinery and equipment Electrical and electronic equipment Precision instruments Machinery and equipment

3 717 3 521 1 716 854 680 403 238 217 198 173 172 151 139 124 115 107 102 39 35 29 26 25 23 23 22 20 19 18 17 15 15 15 13 12 10 9 8 8

38 000 50 2 319 1 100 813 88 1 1 390 10 450 893 746 800 350 292 892 8 000 110 96 105 150 193 60 160 20 120 142 55 12 126 70 108 .. 50 100 30 60 16

a a b a a

b c c

b a

b c

b

d d

c c a e a

c c f c b b d e

United Kingdom United Kingdom Belgium United States United Kingdom United Kingdom Sweden Spain United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United States Germany United Kingdom United States United States

Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Other business activities Health and social services Research and development Wholesale trade Health and social services Computer and related activities Other business activities Other services Distributive trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Other business services Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade

2 398 2 364 2 040 1 649 1 294 1 125 1 009 784 763 712 636 561 519 514 486 475 462 461 374

4 217 4 537 97 30 10 663 40 .. 1 688 5 543 75 8 179 6 5 785 885 3 1 80 30 9

b b

c

b c

b

b b e c f b c c

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 87. Largest affiliates of home-based TNCs, 2004 (continued)
(Millions of dollars and number)

Page 19 of 29

Company Name B. Tertiary (continued) Comstor Logicalis Group Tiger Wheel & Tyre Lanes Motors Barloworld Industrial Distribution America Barloworld Handling Logicalis Inc Fitness First Clubs Barloworld Industrial Distribution Frontrange Solutions Neska Schiffahrts- und Speditionskontor Hukla Gengenbacher Polstermöbel Comstor Networks Ontime Automotive Lan Systems Dorbyl U.K. Brouwer Shipping & Chartering S.T.E.T Crean Foodservice Limited Sappi U.K. AAF Industries C. Finance and insurance Standard Bank London Standard Bank Asia Ansbacher & Co Bankhaus Wölbern & Co Standard Bank Namibia First National Bank of Namibia NBC Bank Windhoek Ansbacher Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Commercial Bank of Malawi Stanbic Bank Tanzania Lesotho Bank Stanbic Bank Botswana Stanbic Bank Uganda Standard Bank Swaziland Ltd Stanbic Bank Kenya Ltd Stanbic Bank Zambia Ltd First National Bank of Swaziland Ltd Stanbic Bank Nigeria Limited Standard Merchant Bank

Host Economy

Industry

Sales

Employees

United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Australia United States United States United States United Kingdom United States United States Germany Germany Germany United Kingdom Australia United Kingdom Germany Portugal New Zealand Netherlands United Kingdom

Computer and related activities Computer and related activities Wholesale trade Distributive trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Other services Wholesale trade Computer and related activities Transport Other services Computer and related activities Other business activities Wholesale trade Other business activities Transport Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Other business activities

367 352 350 322 280 258 249 230 171 146 139 136 132 125 119 111 105 104 102 100 95

120 1 407 1 276 .. .. 81 60 4 002 45 35 159 429 46 1 400 90 .. 17 252 600 1 384

b b

e c c c

c c

c c b

f

c b

Assets Employees United Kingdom Hong Kong, China United Kingdom Germany Namibia Namibia Tanzania Namibia Cayman Islands Zimbabwe Malawi Tanzania Lesotho Botswana Uganda Swaziland Kenya Zambia Swaziland Nigeria Singapore Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance 7 624 1 560 1 141 571 411 395 383 309 216 192 161 154 143 141 134 96 84 75 57 52 12 635 200 185 117 968 963 784 770 59 670 763 159 .. 184 99 448 125 257 230 110 362
a f a f d a f f a d f f d d d a a a a a a

Sources: The Banker's Almanac, 2003 (London, Reed Information Services, 2003); Thomson Analytics (http://analytics.thomsonib.com/); Who Owns Whom database (https://solutions.dnb.com/wow); Annual Report. a 2002. b 2005. c Estimate. d 2000. e 2003. f 2001.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, 2004
(Millions of dollars and number)

Page 20 of 29

Company A. Industrial Anglo American Platinum Anglo American Farms Sabmiller Mondi Toyota South Africa Gabriel SA Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation Agrihold Pirelli Tyre Southern Associated Maltsters Glaxosmithkline Cadbury Gillette Group South Africa Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Otis Grs Medical Weir Envirotech Aventis Pharma Behr Engine Cooling Mondipak Namibia Baltimore Aircoil Company Maskew Miller Longman Gunnebo Security South Africa Automotive Power Refurbishers African Gabions Flowtite Vectus Uap Crop Care BHP Billiton Fiat Auto South Africa ISS International Ambrand Springer Schokoladen Fabrik Ringsdorff Carbon Corporation Shell and BP South African Petroleum Refineries Kalvet Engineering Senmin B. Tertiary Johnson Controls Potgietersrust Platinums Anglogold Health Service Kumba Resources Federal-Mogul Aftermarket Dimension Data Interactive African Oxygen Lattice Technologies Internet Solutions Bayer Interleisure Management Company Intersport Tsumeb Corporation Tyco Healthcare Lexmark International Paperlink Honeywell Southern Africa Behr Climate Control Alliance Distribution

Home Economy Industry

Sales

Employees

United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Japan United States United Kingdom United States Italy United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United States United Kingdom United States United Kingdom Scotland France Germany United Kingdom United States United Kingdom Sweden Japan Italy United States United States United Kingdom Italy United Kingdom Australia United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United States

Mining and quarrying Agriculture Food products and beverages Wood and wood products Motor vehicles and trailers Motor vehicles and trailers Metals and metals products Chemicals and chemical products Rubber and plastic products Food products and beverages Chemicals and chemical products Food products, beverages and tabacco Electrical and electronic equipments Chemicals and chemical products Machinery and equipment Chemicals and chemical products Machinery and equipment Chemicals and chemical products Motor vehicles and trailers Wood and wood products Machinery and equipment Publishing, printing Machinery and equipment Motor vehicles and trailers Metal and metal products Non-metallic mineral products Chemicals and chemical products Mining and quarrying Motor vehicles and trailers Precision instruments Chemicals and chemical products Food products, beverages and tabacco Electrical and electronic equipments Petroleum Precision instruments Chemicals and chemical products

3 398 2 599 2 522 1 315 1 224 1 130 888 668 479 363 260 222 142 54 36 31 25 24 14 9 8 8 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 1

46 740 .. 5 773 .. .. 420 3 938 520 16 140 520 .. 600 360 490 100 430 500 .. 126 .. 260 .. 84 65 66 40 .. 102 .. 50 69 37 .. 10 48

a

a

b b b

a

c

b b b d b b b a b b b b b b b b b b

b b b

United States United Kingdom Australia United Kingdom United States United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Germany Bahamas Bahamas Namibia Bermuda United States United Kingdom United States Germany United Kingdom

Construction Other services Other services Other services Wholesale trade Telecommunications Other services Wholesale trade Computer and related activities Wholesale trade Other services Other business activities Other services Other services Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade

3 349 2 925 2 355 843 820 487 337 324 311 222 105 101 77 38 37 37 36 32 30

265 1 200 1 300 .. 200 500 .. 50 440 .. 1 280 2 2 700 .. 140 185 160 175 200

b b

b b b b

b b b b

a

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, 2004 (continued)
(Millions of dollars and number)

Page 21 of 29

Company B. Tertiary (continued) R Moores Spares DHL International Fugro Airborne Surveys Laminated Technologies 2000 Rio Tinto Management Services Halliburton Industries Metso ND Engineering Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft Lubrizol Adibis Alfa Laval Uniqema Oracle Corporation Carl Zeiss New Zealand Milk Products Hunting Aviation ABB Plexicor (Exports) Crompton Chemical C. Finance and insurance ABSA Bank Mercantile Bank Ltd Albaraka Bank Ltd The South African Bank of Athens Ltd HBZ Bank Ltd Habib Overseas Bank Limited Old Mutual Rennies Bank Aon Consulting South Africa JP Morgan Equities ABN Amro Securities Crawford and Company Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York Mitsui and Company ABN Amro Bank Marubeni Corporation Clarinbridge Investments Louis Dreyfus Africa Pioneer International South Africa Swiss Re Life and Health Africa HSBC Investment Services Bayerische Landesbank Girozentrade BMW Financial Services Metcorp Trading Old Mutual Unit Trust Managers

Home Economy Industry

Sales

Employees

United States Germany Netherlands United Kingdom United Kingdom United States Finland Germany United Kingdom Netherlands United Kingdom United States Germany New Zealand United Kingdom Switzerland United Kingdom United States

Other services Transport Research and development Other services Other services Other services Construction Transport Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Wholesale trade Computer and related activities Other services Wholesale trade Automotive trade and repair Other services Wholesale trade Other services

26 22 17 16 15 13 13 11 11 11 11 8 7 7 6 6 5 5

1 400 740 96 90 180 400 170 130 6 35 13 150 92 .. 140 52 130 10

b b b b b d

b b

c b e a b b a a

Assets Employees United Kingdom Portugal Saudi Arabia Greece Switzerland Luxembourg United Kingdom United Kingdom United States United States Netherlands United States United States Japan France Japan United Kingdom France United Kingdom Switzerland United Kingdom Germany Germany Germany United Kingdom Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Insurance Finance Insurance Finance Finance Insurance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Finance Insurance Insurance Finance Finance Finance Finance Insurance 56 543 201 43 35 31 17 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 166 1 214 88 195 57 54 41 466 1 600 250 150 110 90 66 50 50 40 30 22 10 .. .. .. .. .. ..
d e e e e a

b b

b e b b b b b

Sources: The Banker's Almanac, 2003 (London, Reed Information Services, 2003); Thomson Analytics (http://analytics.thomsonib.com/); Who Owns Whom database (https://solutions.dnb.com/wow); L'intelligent Jeune Afrique, "The Africa Report: Top 500 companies" (March 2006); Annual Report. a 2003.b Estimate. c 2002. d 2000. e 2001.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA

Page 22 of 29

C.

Legal framework for transnational corporations

In South Africa, a large number of national, bilateral and multilateral legal instruments exist to regulate the activities of transnational corporations and foreign direct investors. The key instruments applicable in the country include:

I.

National framework

Export Credit and Foreign Investments Re-Insurance Act No. 78 of 24 June 1957; effective 12 July 1957. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition 1910 to present) p. 351. Amendment: Export Credit and Foreign Investment Re-Insurance Amendment Act No. 34 of 2002, effective October 2002 Source: Government Communication Information Services Industrial Development Act No. 22 of 15 May 1940; effective 20 May 1940. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition 1910 to present) p. 151. Amendment: Industrial Development Amendment Act No. 49 of 2001; effective December 2001 Source: Government Communication Information Services Financial Institution (Investment Funds) Act No. 39 of 20 March 1984; effective 1 I April 1984. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), "Banking and Currency", p. 621. Financial Institution (Investment Funds) Amendment Act No. 22 of 1997; effective July 1997. Source: Government Communication Information Services Diamonds Act No. 56 of 11 June 1986; effective I October 1986. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), "Mining and Minerals", p. 155. Amendment: Amendment of regulation under section 95 of the Diamonds Act 1986 Source: Government Communication Information Services Maintenance and Promotion of Competition Act No. 96 of 21 June 1979; effective 1 January 1980. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), "Trade and Industry", p. 695. Amendment: Maintenance and Promotion of Competition Amendment Act No. 35 of 1999; effective on April 1999. Source: Government Communication Information Services

Temporary Removal of Restriction on Economic Activities Act No. 87 of 3 September 1986; effective 10 September 1986. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of 'South Africa (classified an,4 annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), p. 913. Amendment: Temporary Removal of Restriction on Economic Activities Amendment ActNo. 67 of 29 June 1988; effective on 29 June 1988. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic ofSouth Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), p. 922. Companies Act No. 61 of 19 June 1973; effective I January 1975. "Companies", p. 489. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), Amendment Companies Amendment Act No. 35 of 2001; effective December 2001.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Source: Government Communication Information Services

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Close Corporations Act No. 69 of 19 June 1984; effective 1 January 1985. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes o1 the Republic of South Africa (classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), p. 1,201. Amendment: Close Corporations Amendment Act No. 26 of 1997; effective July 1997. Source: Government Communication Information Services

Income Tax Act No. 58 of 25 May 1962: effective I July 1962. Source: "Trade and Industry", Statutes of the Republic of South Africa (;classified and annotated looseleaf edition, 1910 to present), "Income Tax". p. 101. Amendment: Exchange Control Amnesty and Amendment of Taxation Laws Act of 2003 Source: Government Communication Information Services Patents: Patents Act No. 57 of 1978, as amended by the Patents Amendment Act No. 14 of 1979, the Amendment: Patents Amendment Act No. 58 of 2002, effective December 2002. Source: Government Communication Information Services Atomic Energy Act No. 90 of 1967 (as amended) (Sections 21 and 21A: Patents). Patents Regulations of 1978, effective January 1979. Amendments, Nos R.1110 and R.1613 of the Regulations published by virtue of the Patents Act No. 57of 1978, August 1984. Source: WIPO (http://www.wipo.org). Trade Marks: Trade Marks Act No. 194 of 1993, assented to December 1993. Merchandise Marks Act No. 17 of 1941 as amended by the Merchandise Marks Amendment Act No. 55 of 1967. Amendment: Merchandise Marks Amendment Act no 50 of 2001 Source: Government Communication Information Services

Unauthorized Use of Emblems Act No. 37 of 1961. Trade Marks Act of 1963, Regulations, No. R. 2313, December 1971. Amendment, No. R.1615, of Schedule 1 of the Regulations proclaimed in terms of the Trade Marks Act No. 62 of 1963, August 1984. Business Names Act No. 27 of 1960, as amended by the Business Names Amendment Act No. 84 of 1972, and the Business Names Amendment Act No. 31 of 1979. Source: WIPO (http://www.wipo.org). Industrial Designs: Designs Act No. 195 of 1993, assented to December 1993. Proclamation by the Acting State President of the Republic of South Africa No. R. 360 of 1967 (commencement of the Designs Act). Designs Regulations No. R. 361 of 1968, as amended by Designs Amending Regulations No. R. 3755 of 1969. Source: WIPO (http://www.wipo.org). Copyright Act No. 98 of 1978, as amended by the respective Copyright Amendments Acts, No. 56 of 1980, No. 66 of 1983, No. 52 of 1984, No. 39 of 1986, No. 13 of 1988, No. 61 of 1989 and No. 1125 of 1992. Performers’ Protection Act No. 11 of 1967. Intellectual Property Laws Amendments Act of 1997. Source: WIPO (http://www.wipo.org). Business Names Act No. 27 of 1960, as above, under Trademarks.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: SOUTH AFRICA
Source: WIPO (http://www.wipo.org). Banks Amendment Act [No. 19 of 2003] Source: South Africa Government Web-site: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/index.html). Insurance Amendment Act [No. 17 of 2003] Source: South Africa Government Web-site: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/index.html). Exchange Control Amnesty and Amendment of Taxation Laws Act [No. 12 of 2003] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/index.html).

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Exchange Control Regulations: Appointment of authorised dealer in foreign exchange (Gazette 25527, Regulation Gazette 7784), 10 October 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Exchange Control Regulations: Appointment of authorised dealer in foreign exchange (Gazette 25527, Regulation Gazette 7784), 10 October 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Telecommunications Act: Regulations (Gazette 25519, Regulation Gazette 7783), 1 October 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Telecommunications Act: Regulations: Applications for Value Added Network Service (VANS) licences (Gazette 25519, Regulation Gazette 7783), 1 October 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Telecommunications Act: Regulations: Applications for Private Telecommunication Network (PTN) licences (Gazette 25519, Regulation Gazette 7783), 1 October 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Exchange Control Amnesty and Amendment of Taxation Laws Act: Regulations Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Income Tax Act: Strategic Industrial Project (Gazette 25137, Regulation Gazette 7701), 4 July 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Exchange control regulations: Cancellation of appointment of authorised dealers in foreign exchange (Gazette 24697, Regulation Gazette 7627), 11 April 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Exchange control regulations: Cancellation and appointment of an authorised dealer in foreign exchange (Gazette 24697, Regulation Gazette 7627), 11 April 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Exchange control regulations: Appointment of an authorised dealer in foreign exchange (Gazette 24967, Regulation Gazette 7590), 7 March 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Exchange control regulations: Cancellation of appointment of authorised dealers in foreign exchange (Gazette 24967, Regulation Gazette 7590), 7 March 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Regulations relating to representative offices of foreign banking institutions, (Gazette 22939, Regulation Gazette 7227), 13 December 2001 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html).

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Industrial development zone programme (Gazette 21803, Regulation Gazette 6936), 1 December 2000 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Private Security Industry Regulation Act: Exemption: De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited (Gazette 25565, Regulation Gazette 7791), 17 October 2003 Source: South Africa Government: Regulations (http://www.gov.za/regulations/index.html). Gas Regulator Levies Act [No. 75 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Revenue Laws Amendment Act [No. 74 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Patents Amendment Act [No. 58 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Finance Act [No. 48 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Corporate Laws Amendment Act [No. 39 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Taxation Laws Amendment Act [No. 30 of 2000] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act [No. 28 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Copyright Amendment Act [No. 9 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Performers' Protection Amendment Act [No. 8 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/02index.html). Tourism Second Amendment Act [No. 70 of 2000] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/00index.html). Banks Amendment Act [No. 36 of 2000] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/00index.html). Finance Act [No. 48 of 2002] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/00index.html). Taxation Laws Amendment Act [No. 30 of 2000] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/00index.html). Tourism Amendment Act [No. 8 of 2000] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/00index.html). Companies Third Amendment Act [No. 125 of 1998] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/98index.html). Taxation Laws Amendment Act [No. 30 of 1998] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/98index.html).

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Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act [No.38 of 1997] - 1 October Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/97index.html). Insurance Amendment Act [No. 31 of 1997] - 5 September 1997 Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/97index.html). Taxation Laws Amendment Act [No. 30 of 2000] - 4 July Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/97index.html). Close Corporations Amendment Act [No. 26 of 1997] - 18 July Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/97index.html). Finance Act [No. 48 of 2002] - 11 April Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/97index.html). Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act [No. 107 of 1996] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/96index.html). Tourism Amendment Act [No. 105 of 1996] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/96index.html). Telecommunications Act [No. 103 of 1996] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/96index.html). Insurance Amendment Act [No. 54 of 1996] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/96index.html). Industrial Development Amendment Act [No. 49 of 2001] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/95index.html). Mineral and Energy Laws Amendment Act [No. 47 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html). Electricity Amendment Act [No. 46 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html). Banks Amendment Act [No. 26 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html). Mutual Banks Amendment Act [No. 25 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html). Income Tax Act [No. 21 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html). Taxation Laws Amendment Act [No. 20 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html).

Maritime Zones Act [No. 15 of 1994] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/94index.html). Designs Act [No. 195 of 1993] Source: South Africa Government: Legislation (http://www.gov.za/acts/95index.html).

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II.

International Framework

A. South Africa is a party to the following bi-lateral, multilateral, unilateral and regional instruments: Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883 (Revised at Brussels in 1900, Washington in 1911, The Hague in 1925, London in 1934, Lisbon in 1958 and Stockholm in 1967, and as amended in 1979). Signed in 1994. Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958, which entered into force on 7th June 1959. Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency of 1985, entered into force on 12 April 1988. Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation of 15 April 1994. Entered into force on 1 January 1995. Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures. General Agreement on Trade in Services. Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). Partnership Agreement between the Members of The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, of the one part and the European Community and its member states, of the other part signed in Cotonou, Benin on 23 June 2000. Trade, Development & Cooperation Agreement between South Africa and the European Union, that became effective 1 January 2000. African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) that was signed on 18 May 2000 between the United States and sub-Sahara African countries B. Bilateral treaties

1. Bilateral investment treaties for the protection and promotion of investments: United Kingdom 1994, Canada 1995, Cuba 1995, France 1995, Germany 1995, Korea, Republic of 1995, Netherlands 1995, Switzerland 1995, Austria 1996, Denmark 1996, China 1997, Iran, Islamic Republic of 1997, Italy 1997, Mozambique 1997, Argentina 1998, Belgium / Luxembourg 1998, Chile 1998, Czech Republic 1998, Egypt 1998, Finland 1998, Ghana 1998, Mauritius 1998, Senegal 1998, Spain 1998, Sweden 1998, Turkey 2000, Uganda 2000, Yemen 2002, Tunisia 2002, Libya 2002. 2. Bilateral treaties for the avoidance of double taxation: United States 1947, Sweden 1955, Zambia 1956, Ireland 1958, Lesotho 1959, Namibia 1959, Tanzania, United Republic of 1959, Uganda 1959, Sweden 1961, Zimbabwe 1965, Switzerland 1967, United Kingdom 1968, Malawi 1971, Netherlands 1971, Swaziland 1972, Germany 1973, Botswana 1977, Israel 1978, United Kingdom 1978, China 1980, Taiwan Province of China 1980, France 1993, Poland 1993, Romania 1993, Hungary 1994, Mauritius 1994, Taiwan Province of China 1994, Belgium 1995, Canada 1995, Denmark 1995, Finland 1995, Italy 1995, Korea, Republic of 1995, Lesotho 1995, Sweden 1995, Austria 1996, Croatia 1996, Czech Republic 1996, Mauritius 1996, Norway 1996, Thailand 1996, Ireland 1997, Japan 1997, Malta 1997, United States 1997, Germany 1998, Netherlands 1998, Seychelles 1998, Slovakia 1998, Australia 1999, Tunisia 1999, China 2000, New Zealand 2002, Rwanda 2002, Belarus 2002, Oman 2002, Botswana 2003, Ukraine 2003.

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D.
Official

Sources of information

Reserve Bank of South Africa (www.resbank.co.za). Secondary African Development Bank (1998). African Development Report 1998 (London: Oxford University Press). Biekpe, N. (2000). The 21st century is Africa's century. Creating investor interest in the continent: Eye on Africa. Bennell, Paul (1997a). "Foreign direct investment in Africa: rhetoric and reality" (Washington D.C.: SAIS Review) (Summer/Fall), pp. 127-139. _____________________(1997b). "Privatization in sub-saharan Africa: progress and prospects during the 1990s", World Development, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1785-1803. Business Map (1998). South African Investment Report 1998 (Johannesburg: Business Map SA). ____________________(2000). "South Africa – an anchor under strain", in SADC investor survey: complex terrain (Johannesburg: Businessmap). Dunne, N. (1999). "US in S. Africa trade and investment pact", Financial Times, 19 February. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2002a). Country Profiles: South Africa (London: EIU Ltd.). ____________________(2002b). Country Report: South Africa (London: EIU Ltd.), April. ____________________(2005a). Country Profiles: South Africa (London: EIU Ltd.). ____________________(2005b). Country Report: South Africa (London: EIU Ltd.), April. International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2006). IMF's Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook, March 10, 2006. (Washington D.C.: IMF). Hein Marais (1998). South Africa: Limits to Change? (Toronto). International Finance Corporation (IFC) (1997). "Foreign direct investment", IFC: lessons of experience series No. 5. (Washington, D.C.: World Bank). Peter Fallon and Luis Pereira da Silva (1994). South Africa: Economic Performance and Policies (Washington D.C.: World Bank), April. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (1995). Foreign Direct Investment in Africa (Geneva: United Nations (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.II.A.6). ____________________(2005a). Investor-Disputes Arising from Investment Treaties: A Review. UNCTAD Series of International Investment Policies for Development (UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/2005/4). ____________________(2005b). A Survey of Support by Investment Promotion Agencies to Linkages. Advisory Studies No. 18 (UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/2005/12). ____________________(2005c). FDI in least developed countries at a glance: 2005/2006 (UNCTAD/ITE/IIA/2005/17).

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United States Commercial Service (2006). Doing Business in South Africa: A country Commercial Guide for US Companies. (Washington D.C.: US Government). United States Trade Representative (2006). 2006 Comprehensive Report on U.S. Trade and Investment Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa and Implementation of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act: The Sixth of Eight Annual Reports, May 2006. (Washington D.C.: US Government). World Bank (2001). Global development finance (Washington D.C.: World Bank). ______________________(2000). Business in Africa: missed opportunities? Edited version of World Bank chapter in Can Africa claim the 21st century? (Washington D.C.: World Bank). _______________________(2005). South Africa: an assessment of the investment climate. June, 2005.

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