Storage

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Introduction A storage device is a hardware device designed to store information. There are two types of storage devices used in computers; a 'primary storage' device and a 'secondary storage' device. Primary storage is a storage location that holds memory for short periods of times. For example, computer RAM is an example of a primary storage device. However, secondary storageis a storage medium that holds information until it is deleted or overwritten. For example, a floppy disk drive or a hard disk drive is an example of a secondary storage device.

Storage is one of the most important characteristics of the computer technology. Different storage devices are used to retain the computer data for particular duration of time. There are several storage devices that have been used by computer users for the storage of data. These storage devices are used with the computers. A storage device is an equipment that is used to record data or information in it. A storage device may be of two types- recording storage device and data storage devices. A recording storage device is that device which holds the data in it whereas data storage devices are used to process the information. However, data storage device may have a removable or permanent component for recording as well. USB drive is the first storage device we are going to talk about. It is a small storage device that is directly connected to the USB of the system through integrated connectors and cables. They store the data files over flash memory. USB storage devices are made in a number of designs, colors and capacities. Some of the features of USB storage drive are- you will instantly know about its proper working as when you connect it to the computer, light starts blinking on the device, you can protect your files from being erased by storing it in USB storage device.

Another storage device called Floppy Disk is used for desktop computers and laptops as well. Because it can store less data than other storage devices, it is primarily used for storing text documents. There are also some special floppy disks that are specially designed to store more data, but they are not commonly available in the markets. Compact discs are the most common and popular. Being used to store data as well as music and sounds. The size of the compact disk is not more than 115 mm and the middle round opening is about 1.6 cm. It works in the association of CD-ROM drive. The computer gets to know about the compact disc with the help of CD-ROM drive. The compact discs are the cheapest source to store video and music. DVD also works as the one of the storage devices. The full from of DVD is Digital Video Disc. They are capable of storing large number of movies with best visual as well as sound quality. You can also store commentaries and erased scenes as well with the help of DVD storage device. These were some of the types of storage devices. Besides these devices, there are a number of other storage devices as well such as Pen Drive, USB storage devices, Memory cards and many more. However, a good storage device is also determined on the basis of various characteristics like their ability to change the data, capacity and performance, volatility of information and addressability as well.

The device and manufacturer

And for hard disk drive, we are going to stress more because of its power, crucial and important function in a computer. It is the hard disk drive that stores many things in computer. The hard

disk drive we going to talk about is a hard disk drive from Hitachi company. The Deskstar brand which is under Hitachi's tutelage, made headlines as the first hard drive to hit the terabyte mark. This was quite an achievement because Hitachi had to squeeze a whopping five platters into the drive to hit 1TB, and it took a while for the competition to catch up. But that was nearly two years ago, and time hasn't been kind to the first 3.5" terabyte. A lot of company now a days prefer with as few as three platters. Drives with fewer platters tend to be quieter and require less power, and with higher areal densities,and perform quicker too. With a spirit to catch up, Hitachi has updated its Deskstar line with a new terabyte model primed for enterprise. With three 334GB platters, the new E7K1000 should easily outclass the original 7K1000. According to Hitachi, the Deskstar E7K1000 is designed for enterprise applications.

The Differences

The first and perhaps most important differences from the original one is the addition of Rotational Vibration Safeguard (RVS) tech that helps to maintain drive performance in highvibration environments. Enterprise-class drives are often tightly packed in RAID arrays or rackmount enclosures where the close proximity of other drives creates a fair amount of vibration. These surrounding vibrations can easily knock a drive head off track, slowing performance. To combat this performance loss, RVS polls vibration sensors located at several points on the drive and adjusts the head position accordingly, resulting in more consistent performance in vibration-rich locales. Second differences are about the data security, the E7K1000 is available with an optional Bulk Data Encryption (BDE) feature. This is because most Enterprise customer are picky about

security issues. This AES encryption scheme garbles the contents of the entire drive, but it seems more appropriate for mobile products destined for laptops than a 3.5" drive that will probably live in a fixed, secure server room. That's probably why BDE isn't a standard feature for the E7K1000.
Maximum external transfer rate 300MB/s

Maximum media transfer rate

173.5MB/s

Spindle speed

7,200RPM

Average read seek time

8.5 ms

Available capacities

500GB, 750GB, 1TB

Cache size

32MB

Platter size

334GB

Idle power consumption

5.2W (1TB) 4.4W (500, 750GB)

Idle acoustics Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)

2.7 bels (1TB) 2.4 bels (500, 750GB) 1.2 million hours

E7K1000 HDD specification

Maximum external transfer rate Buffer to disk transfer rate Read seek time Write seek time Average rotational latency Spindle speed Available capacities Idle power consumption Cache size Platter size Idle acoustics Seek acoustics Read/write power consumption

300MB/s 1070Mbps 8.5ms 9.2ms 4.17ms 7,200RPM 750GB, 1TB 8.1-9.0W 32MB 200GB 2.9 bels 3.0-3.2 bels 12.8-13.6W

7K1000 HDD specification

Another notable difference between the Deskstar E7K1000 and its brother is the amount of cache on the drive. Hitachi equips the E7K1000 with a full 32MB, while the original 7K1000 has only 16MB. The E7K1000 is also available at fewer capacity points than its mainstream twin, with Hitachi only offering the drive in 500GB, 750GB, and 1TB flavors. All three capacities use the same 334GB platters, which appear to be identical to those used in the 7K1000 (the 7K1000 maximum media transfer rate matches that of the E7K1000, suggesting that the platters in both drives have the same areal density). With Hitachi now packing 334GB per platter, it only takes three discs to bring the E7K1000 up to 1TB. That's a big drop in rotational weight, which means less work for the E7K1000's drive

motor, and lower power consumption overall. In a bid to further reduce power consumption, the drive is also endowed with Hitachi Voltage Efficiency Regulator Technology (HiVERT) tricks borrowed from Travelstar mobile line. Hard drives step down the 5V and 12V power they get from a system's PSU, and according to Hitachi, HiVERT improves the efficiency of this conversion. Another benefit to Hitachi moving its terabyte from five to three platters should be lower noise levels. Drives with fewer platters tend to be quieter than those with more. Deskstars also feature an Advanced Acoustic Management (AAM) capability that allows users to adjust seek ferocity. Drives are typically tuned for maximum performance by default, but with Hitachi's drive feature tool, one can easily optimize for silence.

The Differences of Hitachi Hard Disk Drive

Device Low Level Suite 4.0
Average Random Access Time (Read) Average Random Access Time (Write) Maximum Transfer Rate Minimum Transfer Rate

Hitachi Deskstar E7K1000 with NCQ (1000 GB SATA) HTE721010SLA330
12.4 ms 12.6 ms 121.0 MB/sec 66.5 MB/sec

Hitachi Deskstar 7K1000 with NCQ (1000 GB SATA) HDS721010KLA330
13.0 ms 13.4 ms 86.9 MB/sec 46.4 MB/sec

Single-User Suite 4.0 SR Office DriveMark 2006 SR High-End DriveMark 2006 FarCry Performance The Sims 2 Performance World of Warcraft Performance Multi-User Suite 4.0 IOMeter File Server - 1 I/O IOMeter File Server - 2 I/O IOMeter File Server - 4 I/O IOMeter File Server - 8 I/O IOMeter File Server - 16 I/O IOMeter File Server - 32 I/O IOMeter File Server - 64 I/O IOMeter File Server - 128 I/O Environmental Suite 4.0 Idle Noise Idle Power Dissipation Active Power Dissipation 5V Maximum Power Dissipation 12V Maximum Power Dissipation

HTE721010SLA330
1010 IO/sec 877 IO/sec 952 IO/sec 1053 IO/sec 806 IO/sec

HDS721010KLA330
917 IO/sec 735 IO/sec 877 IO/sec 962 IO/sec 741 IO/sec

HTE721010SLA330
87 IO/sec 87 IO/sec 100 IO/sec 111 IO/sec 121 IO/sec 129 IO/sec 130 IO/sec 129 IO/sec

HDS721010KLA330
81 IO/sec 83 IO/sec 89 IO/sec 103 IO/sec 113 IO/sec 125 IO/sec 125 IO/sec 125 IO/sec

HTE721010SLA330
41.1 dB/A @ 3mm 5.5 watts 10.6 watts 2.6 watts 17.6 watts

HDS721010KLA330
43.5 dB/A @ 3mm 7.9 watts 14.2 watts 4.8 watts 16.3 watts

The Performance Differences of Hitachi Hard Disk Drive

In any computer system the hard disk is considered as the secondary memory device that is used for the primary data storage. The primary memory is obviously the RAM. But as the RAM is the primary memory it cannot be used for the purpose of the permanent data storage. Hence a secondary memory device is necessarily needed for the purpose of the data storage in any computer system. Apart from hard disk drive the tape storage media can also be used as the secondary storage device. But the hard disk drive is the most popularly used secondary memory device. The main reason for this is the access speed and the reliability of the data it can offer. In the case of the tape drives the access speed is much low and the data transfer is comparatively low than the hard disk drive.

Since the primary memory that is the RAM is a non volatile memory hence it cannot be used as the permanent memory storage device. Hence the hard disk or the need for as a secondary memory device is needed in any computer. The primary function of the primary memory is to load the programs so that the CPU ± Central Processing Unit can easily and speedily access and execute the instructions. The primary memory can only boot the computer system; but it the hard disk drive that is responsible for the loading and the proper functioning of any operating system. The operating system is a necessary for the computers to run to the expectations of the user. Hence the hard disk is a must for the loading of the hard disk drive. The importance of the primary memory is that it is a compulsion that is necessary for the start up of the computer. A computer can start up even with out a hard disk. But since there is no operating system that is present in the computer hence it is not possible to load the operating system. The computer will display a message usually in such a situation stating that ³Disk Boot Failure´.

The information that is required to boot a computer is stored in the hard disk boot sector. Also the importance of the hard disk drive is to store the backup of the data or any information that is created by the user. Apart from the hard disk drives the other storage devices like the optical disks that are the CD ROM, DVD ROM etc can be used for the purpose of the backup of the

data or user information. The floppy disks can also be used for the backup of the data. The hard disk specification should also match the expectations of the computers; that is the storage capacity and access speed.

The internal organization of the any hard disk drive consists of the following four parts primarily. They are as listed below: the Platters, the Head Arm, the Chassis, and also the Head Actuator. The hard disk drives are also available in two different types that is the internal and also the external hard disk drives. The internal hard disk drives are used for the storage of the data in the computer case. There are not portable and usually are inside the case. The external hard disk drives are portable can be connected to other computer systems as well. There is a hard casing over the hard disk.

Recommended antivirus by pcworld.com and what the software capable of

Anti-virus software offers computers and the network they are connected with protection against a type of malware called viruses. Antivirus software can be used to prevent an infection or by finding and removing an infection or computer viruses as well as many other types of harmful computer software, collectively referred to as malware. While the first antivirus software was designed exclusively to combat computer viruses (hence "antivirus"), modern antivirus software can protect computer systems against a wide range of malware, including worms, rootkits, and Trojans. To prevent an infection software usually uses a firewall. The best firewall is a 2 way firewall. A two way firewall grants or denies internet access to programs already installed on your computer. It also denies or grants access to other computers trying to access your computer. Removing infections is important because it stops annoying pop ups, irregular behavior, system failure and more. The most recommended antivirus by pcworld.com is BitDefender 9 Standard (by 2006) which get highest score as the best antivirus in antivirus industry. BitDefender 9 Standard is a powerful antivirus tool with features that best meet our security needs. Features as easy to use and automatic updating make BitDefender Standard Edition an "install and forget" antivirus product. Ease of use and automatic updating make BitDefender Standard an "install and forget" antivirus product. The new and improved BitDefender scanning engines will scan and disinfect infected files on access, minimizing data loss. Infected documents can now be recovered, instead of being deleted. Suspicious or infected files can optionally be backed up into a safe quarantine area before being disinfected or deleted. The contents of the quarantine can be sent to

BitDefender Labs, for detailed analysis. Files that proved harmless can be easily moved out of quarantine, back to their original place.

Who get the benefit from using antivirus and why

Many administrators learned their lesson from macro viruses attacking via e-mail damaging many files in computer even damaging the computer. University, faculty, company, organizations and homes uses different types of antivirus to prevent their pc or network from infection. Usually, private user basically in homes prefer free antivirus rather than non-free antivirus that needs user to buy them before can use them 100%. Big organizations, university, schools and lot of place that uses computer everyday and got many computer use at one in a time usually prefer good and better antivirus they have to buy it to use in every single PC they have. It is a good investment to protect their treasure. There is a lot of benefit we can get from installing antivirus in our PC ;The key benefit to installing antivirus software is quite simply that it prevents a virus damaging to our PC or network. y y Protects our PC or network from viruses and other forms of malware. Prevents downtime, i.e. valuable working time could be wasted if we can not access your PC due to a virus infection. y y Protects valuable information on our PC. Prevents other people outside of our organization being able to access our information whether it is business or personal data.

y

y

Potentially prevents emails being sent by our system thereby damaging us and our organization¶s reputation. Some viruses access our email folders and send an email to all of our contacts with the virus attached.

y

Prevents the time consuming and unnecessary task of having to clean or remove the virus after the damage has been done.

y

Reduces the potential financial implications ± getting the technical support required to achieve removal of the virus and to restore our lost information.

y

Legal implications ± in some instances it is required to demonstrate that our organization has taken reasonable measures to protect the information we hold about our customers and the email we exchange with them.

Where can the software be obtained The software (BitDefender 9 Standard) can be obtain simply through internet by buying online or just get it from computer store that sells antivirus software. There is a lot easier to buy online because we get to know the latest version and updates of antivirus and even more software that been published.Many software that we can get simply through online are such as utilities like antivirus, security, games, designing software and etc. This software really interesting as its got best rating by a well known pc magazine. Surely we are interested by this software because BitDefender is perhaps the most improved of the antivirus applications we've seen so far. It is fast and light, and offers hourly updates. However, we'd like more access to configuration options beyond simple enabling and disabling features. Still, for the price, and for the excellent quality of its antivirus protection, BitDefender Antivirus ranks among the few top contenders for antivirus category. The attraction also has within the interface as well as the performance this software promises.

References 1. Charles J. Bashe, Lyle R. Johnson, John H. Palmer, Emerson W. Pugh, IBM¶s Early Computers,The MIT Press, Bernard Cohen, Editor, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1986 2. Richard E. Matick, Computer Storage Systems and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, A WileyInterscience Publication, 1977 3. Russel L.A., et al., Ferrite Memory Systems, IEEE Trans. Magazine., MAG-4, No 2, June 1968. 4. Smith, C.V., Electronic Digital Computers, McGraw Hill, New York, 1959. 5. Judith Paris Roth (Ed.) 1986. Essential Guide to CD-ROM. Rockville, Md., Computer Science Press, 3d ed. 6. Stifler, W.W. (Ed.)., High Speed Computing Devices, Engineering Research Associates Staff, McGraw Hill, New York, 1950. 7. Hoagland A.S., Digital Magnetic Recording, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1963. 8. Sanjay Ranade, Mass Storage Technologies, Meckler Publishing, the division of Meckler Corporation, 11 Ferry Lane London, 1991. 9. Kanu G. Ashar, Magnetic Disk Drive Technology: Heads, Media, Channel, Interfaces, andIntegration, IEEE Press, 1997 10. www.pcworld.com/

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