Syllabus Network Rutgers 2006

 

SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS Sociology 920:633:01 Paul McLean Department of Sociology Rutgers University Fall 2006

Location and time: Mondays, 4:10-6:50, LSH A256 Office Hours: LSH A336, Thursdays, 1:30-3:00 and by appt. Phone: 732-445-3705 E-mail: [email protected] Website : http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~pmclean/ Over the last few decades there has been an enormous increase in the attention  paid to social networks as key determinants of many elements of social life, including motivations, social mobility, group organization and mobilization, resource distributions, decision-making, patterns of innovation, and the organization of belief systems. Some of the emphasis on networks is cosmetic and/or metaphorical, but a lot of it is substantive and empirical. Both metaphorical and substantive applications of the term network can  be instructive. In its most radical formulations, the study of social networks network s vies to  become a kind of fundamental theory of social s ocial organization. In this respect it dovetails with the development over the last decade of a theory of networks as the constitutive material of the physical, biological, technological, and economic worlds. Together we will have four main goals pertaining to social network analysis in this course. First, we will consider (in a non-technical way) the emerging science of networks writ large (Barabasi, Watts, Strogatz, Newman). Second, we will will consider theoretical justifications for the study of networks and key concepts used in the field, using classical sociological formulations of these concepts (e.g., Nadel, Simmel, Bott) and morethinking recent statements (e.g., and Wellman, Breiger, Watt Watts, s, White). This will involve about processes mechanisms ofEmirbayer, network formation, organization, and development that may be unique to the social world. This will also involve examining the differences between interactionist and structuralist approaches to networks. The former looks at concrete relations as determinants of outcomes, focusing on topics like balance, influence, diffusion, cohesion, centrality , cliques and small worlds. The latter regards patterns of structural positions as key and uses concepts like structural equivalence, roles, blockmodelling, brokerage , structural holes, and clustering to discern how networks matter. Thirdly, together we will explore methods and computer applications for the quantitative analysis of social networks. Specifically, we will become acquainted with UCINET, Pajek, and some procedures available in SPSS or STATA. This is the  practicum component of the course. For this element of the course, I can provide pr ovide you

 

 

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with data, but if you have some of your own, that would be great! Hopefully we can arrange to spend some lab time together to get accustomed to working with networks tools. Fourth, we will sample from the immense volume of empirical work that adopts a networks perspective in one form or another, including work on small groups, elites, social movements, immigration, formal organizations, markets, industries, cultural repertoires, and large-scale historical transformation. We will follow a discussion format as much as possible, but often I will begin class with a mini-lecture mini-lecture on some of the key ideas and arguments. When we do more more substantive readings, I hope I can organize it so that students will rotate through responsibility for co-leading the class. At the end of the semester, you will submit a 1520 page paper. This will be: 1) your own original research, taking the form of a finished empirical paper using network data (most preferred, but also most difficult); 2) a coherent secondary analysis of a dataset you studied in connection with the course; OR 3) a detailed critical review of a body of literature in the field. I can provide some guidance in selecting such a body of literature to review. Required Texts

The two required books for this course have been ordered through the Livingston campus bookstore. They are: 1)  Stanley Wasserman and Katherine Faust, Social Network Analysis: Methods and  Applications  Applicatio ns (Cambridge, 1994) 2)  Albert-László Barabási, Linked: The The New Science Science of Networks Networks (Perseus, 2002) In addition, there will be MANY readings drawn from mainstream sociological articles, as indicated below. These I expect you will will obtain through JSTOR, but I could make many of them available as well in a packet for purchase if there is a demand. Some required materials that are not in JSTOR I will put up on my website in .pdf format. Schedule of Classes Week 1 (9/11) 

Introduction to the Course  No assigned reading; maybe some in-class exercises exe rcises

Week 2 (9/18) 

Networks Everywhere: A Brief Overview of the General Science of Networks

Read: Albert-László Barabási, Linked: The The New Science Science of Networks Networks, entire (this is quite an accessible read; do as much as you can)

 

 

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Other related materials, the first several being quite technical: Mark Newman, Steve Strogatz and Duncan Watts, “Random Graphs with Arbitrary Degree Distributions and the Applications,” Physical Review E :64 :64 Steven H. Strogatz, “Exploring Complex Networks,” Nature 410 (2001): 268-276 Mark Newman, “The Structure and Function of Complex Networks,” SIAM Review 45:167-256 Duncan J. Watts, Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks Between Order and Randomness (Princeton, 1999) Duncan J. Watts, Peter Sheridan Dodds, and Mark Newman, “Identity and Search in Social Networks,” Science 296:1302-1305 Stanley Milgram, “The Small World Problem,” Psychology Today 2:60-67 Duncan J. Watts, Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age (Norton, 2003) Duncan J. Watts, Networks, Dynamics, and the Small-World Phenomenon,” American Journal of Sociology 105:493-527

Week 3 (9/25) 

Network Analysis as a Foundational Sociological Paradigm

Read: Barry Wellm Wellman, an, “Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphor to Theory and Substance,” in Barry Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz (eds.), Social Structures: A Network Approach (Cambridge, 1988),  pp. 19-61 [website]  Ronald L. Breiger, “The Analysis of Social Networks,” in Melissa Hardy and Alan Bryman (eds.), Handboo  Handbookk of Data Analysis Analysis (Sage, 2003), pp. 505-26. [website]  Mustafa Emirbayer, “Manifesto for a Relational Sociology,”  American  America n Journal of of Sociology 103,2:281-317 [JSTOR]  Wasserman and Faust, pp. 1-27 Other useful and/or foundational materials: John Scott, Social Network Analysis: A Handbook  (2  (2nd edition), chapters 1 and 2 R. A. Hinde, “Interactions, Relationships, andofSocial  11,1:1-17 Ronald S. Burt,  (Academic Man Press, 1982), chapters 1 and 9 Toward a Structural Theory ActionStructure,” Barry Wellman, “Network Analysis: Some Basic Principles,” Sociological Theory 1:155-200 A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, “On Social Structure,” Journal of the Royal Anthropologic Anthropological al Institute of Great  Britain and Ireland  Ireland  70:188-204  70:188-204 Georg Simmel, “The Problem of Sociology,” in Don Levine (ed.), Georg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms (Chicago, 1971), pp. 23-35 Georg Simmel, “The Triad,” in Kurt Wolff (ed.), The Sociology of Georg Simmel (Free Press, 1950), pp. 145-169 Harrison C. White, Identity and Control Control (Princeton, 1992) Peter Monge and Noshir Contractor, Theories of Communication in Networks (Oxford, 2003) Jeremy Boissevain, Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators, and Coalitions, especially chapter 1 Claude Levi-Strauss, “Social Structure,” in his Structural Anthropology, chapter 15

 

 

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Week 4 (10/2) 

Types of Networks and Ways of Representing Them

Read: Wasserman and Faust, pp. 28-59(or 66), 69-166, 291-344 A. Ego-Centered Networks Read: Scott Feld, “Why Your Friends Have More Friends Than You Do.”  American  America n Journal of of Sociology 96:1464-77 [JSTOR]  Peter Marsden, “Core Discussion Networks for Americans,” American Sociological Sociological Review 52:122-131.  Nitin Nohria, “Structural “Structural Alignments, Individual Strategies, Strategies, and Managerial Managerial Action: Elements Elements Towards a  Network Theory of Getting Getting Things Done,” in Nitin Nohria and Robert G. Eccles (eds.), (eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (Harvard, 1992)

B. One-Mode Networks, Single and Multiple Types of Ties Read: David Krackhardt, “Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart,” Harvard Business Business Review Review (July 1993):105-111. [website]  David Krackhardt, “The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations,” in N Nitin itin  Nohria and Robert G. Eccles (eds.), Networks and Organizations: Organizations: Structure, Structure, Form, and Action (Harvard, 1992) F. J. Roethlisberger and William J. Dickson, “The Internal Organization of the Group in the Bank Wiring Observation Room,” in their Management and the Worker  (Harvard,  (Harvard, 1939), pp. 493-510

C. Collective Actors as Nodes W. W. Powell, “Neither Market nor Hierarchy: H ierarchy: Network Forms of Organization,”  Research in Organizational Behavior  12:295-336.  12:295-336. Joel Podolny and Karen Page, “Network Forms of Organization,” Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1998):57-76 T. Rowley, D. Behrens, and D. Krackhardt, “Redundant Governance Structures: An Analysis of Structural and Relational Embeddedness in the Steel and Semiconductor Industries, Industries,”” Strategic Management Journal  21:369-86

D. Directed versus Undirected Ties See Wasserman and Faust pages as noted above, especially pp. 121ff.

E. Two-Mode (Affiliation) Networks Read: J. M Miller iller McPherson, “Hypernetwork Sampling: Duality and Differentiation Among Voluntary Organizations,” Social Networks  3:225-49 [website] 

 

 

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See Wasserman and Faust pages as noted above, especially pp. 291-344 Stephen P. Borgatti and Martin Everett, “Network Analysis of 2-Mode Data,” Social Networks 19:243-69 Bernice Pescosolido and Beth Rubin, “The Web of Group Affiliations Revisited: Social Life, Postmodernism,, and Sociology,” American Sociological Postmodernism Sociological Revie Review w 65:52-76 James G. Ennis, “The Social Organization of Sociological Knowledge: Modeling the Intersection of Specialties,” American Sociological Sociological Review 57:259-65 Katherine Faust, “Centrality in Affiliation Networks,” Social Networks 19:157-91 G. Barnett, “Correspondence Analysis: AS Method for the Description of Communication Networks,” in Progress in Communication Science W. Richards G. Barnett (eds.), 1993), pp. 22:65-72 136-63. JohnD.M. Roberts,and “Correspondence Analysis of Two-Mode Network Data,” (Ablex, Social Networks Ronald L. Breiger, “The Duality of Persons and Groups,” Social Forces 53:181-90 Georg Simmel, “The Web of Group Affiliations,” in his Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations (Free Press, 1955) Ronald L. Breiger, “Social Control and Social Networks: A Model from Georg Simmel,” in Donald Black (ed.), Toward a General Theory of Social Control (Academic Press, 1984) Frans Stokman, Rolf Ziegler and John Scott (eds.), Networks of Corporate Pow Power: er: A Comparative Comparative Analysis of Ten Countries, chapter 1 (Blackwell, 1985) J. Miller McPherson, “Voluntary Affiliation: A Structural Approach,” in Peter Blau and Robert Merton (eds.), Continuities in Structural Inquiry, pp. 325-51 Peter Blau and Joseph Schwartz, Crosscutting Social Circles (Transaction, 1997)

Week 5 (10/9) 

Interactionism and its Key Concepts

A. Why Do Networks Form, and What Holds Them Together? Attraction and Homophily Read: Wasserman and Faust, pp. 169-219 J. Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James Cook, “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks,” Annual Review Review of Sociology 27:415-44 [JSTOR]  More on the notions of attraction and homophily: James Coleman, The Adolescent Society (Free Press, 1961[71]), especially chapter 7 John “An Analysis Social Rej1960), Rejection ection in College Men’s Reside Residence nce Hall.” In J. L. Moreno (ed.),W.  of (Free Press, pp.a 428-36. TheKidd, Sociometry Reader  (Free Stanley Wasserman and Dawn Iacobucci, “Statistical Analyses of Discrete Relational Data,” British  Journal of Mathematical Mathematical and Statis Statistical tical Psychology 39:41-64 Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt, “An Exponential Family of Probability Distributions for Directed Graphs,” Journal of the American St Statistical atistical Associ Association ation 76:33-50 Jere Cohen, “Sources of Peer Group Homogeneity,” Sociology of Education 50:227-41 Denise Kandel, “Homophily, Selection, and Socialization in Adolescent Friendships,” American Journal of Sociology 84:427-36 Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter and Kurt Back, Social Pressures in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing (Stanford, 1950) Theodore M. Newcomb, The Acquaintance Process (Holt Rinehart Winston, 1961)

 

 

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B. From Micromechanisms to Group Cohesion: Balance Theory and Clique Formation Read: Wasserman and Faust, pp. 220-90 and 556-602 Other materials on the notion of balance: Howard Taylor, Balance in Small Groups (Von Nostrand Reinhold, 1970), chapter 2 Fritz Heider, “Attitudes and Cognitive Co gnitive Orientation,” Psychological Review 52:358-74 (also reprinted in Samuel Leinhardt (ed.), Social Networks: A Developing Paradigm [Academic Press, 1977]) Dorwin Cartwright and Frank Harary, “Structural Balance,” Psychological Review 63:277-93 (also reprinted in Samuel Leinhardt (ed.), Social Networks: A Developing Paradigm) James A. Davis, “Clustering and Structural Balance in Groups,” in Samuel Leinhardt (ed.), Social  Networks: A Developing Par Paradigm adigm (Academic Press, 1977), pp. 27-34 Frank Harary, Ón Local and N-balance of Signed Graphs,” Michigan Mathematical Mathematical Journal 5:37-41 Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt, “Transitivity in Structural Models of Small Groups,” in Samuel Leinhardt (ed.), Social Networks: A Developing Paradigm, pp. 49-66 Maureen Hallinan, The Structure of Positive Sentiment (Elsevier, 1974) Ithiel de Sola and Manfred K. Pool, “Contacts and Influence,” Social Networks 1:5-51 Patrick Doreian et al., “A Brief History of Balance Through Time,” Journal of Mathematical Mathematical Sociology 21: 113-31 Patrick Doreian and David Krackhardt, “Pre-transitive Balance Mechanisms for Signed Networks,” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25:43-67 On the notion of cliques, a good deal of it empirical: John Scott, Social Network Analysis: A Handbook (2nd edition), chapter 6 Chas. Kadushin, “Friendship Among the French Financial Elite,” American Sociological Sociological Review 60:202-21 Kenneth Frank and Jeff Yasumoto, Y asumoto, “Social Capital Within and Between Groups,” American Journal of Sociology 104:642-86  Noah Friedkin, “The Structure of Social Social Space,” pp. 125-62 125-62 in his A Structural Theory Theory of Social IInfluence nfluence  (Cambridge, 1998) Philip Lankford, “Comparative Analysis of Clique Identification Methods,” Sociometry 37:287-305 F. J. Roethlisberger and William J. Dickson, Management and the the Worker , part IV (“Social Organization of Employees,” pp. 379-548) John Cottrell, Social Networks and Social Influences in Adolescence (Routledge, 1996) Karl P. Reitz, “Social Groups in a Monastery,” Social Networks 10:343-57 D. Eder and Maureen T. Hallinan, “Sex Differences in Children’s Friendships,” American Sociological Sociological  Review 43:237-50 Journal of Sociology  Wayne Baker, “The Social Structure of a National Securities Market,” American Journal 89:775-811 Michael Gerlach, Alliance Capitalism: Capitalism: The Social Organization Organization of Japanese Busi Business ness (California, 1992) James Lincoln, Michael Gerlach, and Christiana Ahmadjian, “Keiretsu Networks and Corporate Performance in Japan,” American Sociological Sociological Review 61:67-88 Maureen Hallinan, “Patterns of Cliquing Among Youth,” in H. C. Foot, A. J. Chapman, and J. R. Smith (eds.), Friendship and Social Relations in Children (Wiley, 1980), chapter 12

Technical extensions and relaxations of the notion of clique: James Moody and Douglas R. White, “Structural Cohesion and Embeddedness: A Hierarchical Concept of Social Groups,” American Sociological Sociological Review 68:103-27 Douglas R. White and Frank Harary, “The Cohesiveness of Blocks in Social Networks: Node Connectivity and Conditional Density,” Sociological Methodology 31:305-59 Kenneth A. Frank, “Identifying Cohesive Subgroups,” Social Networks 17:27-56 Kenneth A. Frank, “Mapping Interactions Within and Between Cohesive Subgroups,” Social Networks  18:93-119

 

 

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Supplemental stuff on the early history of sociometry: John Scott, Social Network Analysis, chs. 2-4 (esp. chapter 2) J. L. Moreno, Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotherapy and Sociodrama  (Beacon, 1953 [1934]) J. L. Moreno, Helen Jennings and Richard Stockton, “Sociometry in the Classroom,” Sociometry 6:425-8 H. Otto Dahlke, “Determinants of Sociometric RelationsAmong Children in the Elementary School,” Sociometry 16:327-38 Week 6 (10/16) 

Network Positions and their Consequences

A. The Notion of Centrality Read: Wayne Baker and Robert Faulkner, “The Social Organization of Conspiracy: Illegal Networks in the Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry,” American Sociological Sociological Review 58:837-60 [JSTOR]  Other empirical examples of how centrality matters: Roger Gould, “Power and Social So cial Structure in Community Elites,” Social Forces 68:531-52 Edward O. Laumann, Peter Marsden, and Joseph Galaskiewicz, “Community-Eli “Community-Elite te Influence Structures:  American Journal of Sociology 83:594-631 Extension a Network Approach,” Edward O.of Laumann, Joseph Galaskiewicz and Peter Marsden, “Community Structure as Interorganizational Linkages,” Annual Review of Sociology 4:455-84 Daniel McFarland, “Student Resistance: How Formal and Informal Organization of Classrooms Facilitates Student Defiance,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 107:612-78 Paulette Lloyd and Elizabeth Cohen, “Peer Status in the Middle School: A Natural Treatment for Unequal Participation,” Social Psychology of Education 3:193-216

More supplemental stuff on the measures: Linton Freeman, “Centrality in Social Networks,” Social Networks 1:215-39  Noah Friedkin, “Theoretical “Theoretical Foundations for for Centrality M Measures,” easures,” American Journal Journal of Sociology  96:1478-1504 D. C. Bell, J. S. Atkinson, and J. W. Carlson, “Centrality Measures for Disease Transmission Networks,” Social Networks 21:1-21 J. M.Simulated Bolland, “Sorting OutSocial Centrality: An Analysis of the Performance of Four Centrality Models in Real and Networks,”  10:233-53 Networks Linton Freeman, “A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness,” Sociometry 40:35-41 Karen Stephenson and Marvin Zelen, “Rethinking Centrality: Methods and Examples,” Social Networks  11:1-37 John Scott, “Centrality and Centralization,” chapter 5 in his Social Network Analysis: A Handbook  (2  (2nd  edition) Phillip Bonacich, “Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 92:117082

B. Brokerage Read: Roberto Fernandez and Roger Gould, “A Dilemm Dilemmaa of State Power: Brokerage and Influence in the National Health Policy Domain,”  American  America n Journal of of Sociology 99:1455-91 [JSTOR] 

 

 

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Other stuff: Roger Gould and Roberto Fernandez, F ernandez, “Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Brokerage in Transaction Networks,” Sociological Methodology 19:89-126. Ronald S. Burt, Structural Holes (Chicago, 1992), especially Introduction and chapter 1

C. Reach and the Idea of the Strength of Weak Ties Read: Peter S. Bearman, Katherine Stovel, and James Moody, “Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual  Networks,” America  American n Journal of of Sociology 110:44-91 [website]  Other materials on the strength of weak ties: Mark S. Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties,” American Journal of Sociology 78:1360-80 Mark S. Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory R Revisited,” evisited,” Sociological Theory  1:201-33 Mark Granovetter, Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers (Chicago, 1974; 2nd edition 1995) Wasserman and Faust, pp. 109-36 M. T. Hansen, “The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organization Subunits,” Administrat  Administrative ive Science Quarterly Quarterly 44:82-111 M. T. Hansen, “Knowledge Networks: Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in Multiunit Companies,” Organization Science 13:232-48 A. K. Gupta, and V. Govindarajan, “Knowledge Flows Within Multinational Corporations,” Strategic  Management Journal 21:473-96 A. Hargadon and R. Sutton, “Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm,”  Administrative  Administrati ve Science Quarte Quarterly rly 42:716-49. Dexter C. Dunphy, “The Social Structure of Adolescent Peer Groups,” Sociometry 26:230-46  Noah Friedkin, “A Test of Structural Features of Granovetter’s Granovetter’s Strength Strength of Weak Ties Theory,” Theory,” Social  Networks 2:411-22  Nan Lin, Walter Ensel and John Vaughn, “Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Ties: Structural Factors Factors in Occupational Status Attainment,” American Sociological Sociological Review 46:393-405 Gabriel Weimann, “On the Importance of Marginality,” American Sociological Sociological Review 47:764-73 Peter Marsden and K. E. Campbell, “Measuring Tie Strength,” Social Forces 63:482-501 Stephen Hansell, “Cooperative Groups, Weak Ties, and the Integration of Peer Friendships,” Social Psychology Quarterly 47:316-28 Peggy Giordano, “The Wider Circle of Friends in Adolescence,” American Journal of Sociology 101:66197 Everett Rogers, “Network Analysis and the Diffusion of Innovations,” in Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt (eds.), Perspectives on Social Network Research (Academic Press, 1979) Ronald S. Burt, “Structural Holes and Good Ideas,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 110:349-99 

D. Network Position as ‘Social Capital’ James Coleman, “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital,” American Journal of Sociology  94:S95-S120. James Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory (Harvard, 1990), pp.  pp. 300-21 Mark Granovetter, “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,” American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 91:481-510.

 

 

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E. Power and Resource Dependency Theory Richard Emerson, “Power-Dependence Relations,” American Sociological Sociological Review 27:31-41. Karen S. Cook and Richard M. Emerson, “Power, Equity and Commitment in Exchange Networks,”  American Sociological Sociological Review 43:721-39 Karen S. Cook, “Network Structures from an Exchange Perspective,” in Peter Marsden and Nan Lin (eds.), Social Structure and Network Analysis (Sage, 1982), pp. 177-200 Karen S. Cook, Richard Emerson, M. R. Gillmore, and T. Y Yamagishi, amagishi, “The Distribution of Power in Exchange Networks: Theory and Experimental Results,” American Journal of Sociology 89:275-305 Karen Cook and Joseph Whitmeyer, “Two Approaches to Social Structure,” Annual Review Review of Sociology  18:109-27 T. Yamagishi, M. R. Gillmore, and Karen K aren Cook, “Network Connections and the Distribution of Power in Exchange Networks,” American Journal of Sociology 93:833-51 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald Salancik, The External Control of Organizations (Harper & Row, 1978) Linda Molm, “The Dynamics of Power in Social Exchange,” American Sociological Sociological Review 55:427-47 Peter Marsden, “Restricted Access in Networks and Models of Power,” American Journal of Sociology  88:686-717 Barry Markovsky, David Willer and T. Patton, P atton, “Power Relations in Exchange Networks,” American Sociological Review 53:220-36

Week 7 (10/23) 

Hierarchy out of Interactions (one interactionist form of emergent structure)

A. Transitivity Read: Ivan Chase, “Social Process and Hierarchy Formation in Small Groups: A Comparative Perspective,” America  American n Sociological Sociological  Review 45:905-24 [JSTOR]  Roger Gould, “The Origins of Status Hierarchies: A Formal Theory and Empirical Test,” America  American n Journal of of Sociology Sociology  107:1143-78 [JSTOR]  Other work on hierarchy formation: Ivan Chase, “Models of Hierarchy Formation in Animal A nimal Societies,” Behavioral Sciences Sciences 19:374-82 Frans DeWaal, Chimpanzee Politics (Johns Hopkins, 1982) Cecilia Ridgeway and David Diekema, “Dominance and Collective Hierarchy Formation in Male and Female Task Groups,” American Sociological Sociological Review 54:79-93 Eugene Rosa and Allan Mazur, Íncipient Status in Groups,” Social Forces 58:18-37 Allan Mazur et al , “Physiological Aspects of Communication Via Mutual Gaze,” American Journal of Sociology 86:50-74 Val Burris, “The Academic Caste System: Prestige Hierarchies in PhD Exchange Networks,” American Sociological Review 69:239-64 Steve Ellyson and John Dovidio Do vidio (eds.), Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior  (Springer-Verlag,  (Springer-Verlag, 1985) H. G. Landau, “On Dominance Relations and the Structure of Animal Societies,” Bulletin of Mathematical Mathematical  Biophysics (1951) F. F. Strayer, “Child Ethology and the Study of Preschool Social Relations,” in H. C. Foot, A. J. Chapman, and J. R. Smith (eds.), Friendship and Social Relations in Children (Wiley, 1980), chapter 9.

 

 

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Donald Omark, F. F. Strayer, and Daniel Freedman, Dominance Relations: Relations: An Ethological Ethological View of Human Conflict in Social Interaction, esp. chapters 7-12, 21-3, 26 (Garland, 1980) Peter Blau, Exchange and Power Power in Social Life Life (Transaction, 1983 [1964]) Material more explicitly on the idea of Transitivity: Maureen T. Hallinan and W. N. Kubitschek, “The Effects of Individual and Structural Characteri Characteristics stics on Social Psychology Quarterly 51:81-92 Intransitivityand in Social Wasserman Faust, Networks,” pp. 564-82 (again) Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt, “A Method for Detecting Structure in Sociometric Data,” American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 76:492-513 James Davis and Samuel Leinhardt, “The Structure of Positive Interpersonal Relations in Small Groups,” in Joseph Berger, Morris Zelditch, and Bo Anderson (eds.), Sociological Theories in Progress, volume 2 (Houghton Mifflin, 1972), pp. 218-51 Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt, “Transitivity in Structural Models of Small Groups,” Comparative Group Studies 2:107-24 Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt, “Local Structure in Social Networks,” Sociological Methodology 7:145 Eugene Johnsen, “Network Macrostructure Models for the Davis-Leinhardt Set of Empirical Sociomatrices,” Social Networks 7:203-24

B. Extensions to Trees, or Chains: Read: Morris Friedell, “Organizations as Semilattices,” America  American n Sociological Review 32:46-54 [JSTOR]  Carl H. Landé, “Networks and Groups in Southeast Asia: Some Observations on the Group Theory of Politics,”  American Political Political Science Review 67:103-27 [JSTOR]  Other materials on formal and informal organizational structure as trees: Harrison C. White, “Management Conflict and Sociometric Structure,” American Journal of Sociology  67:185-7. James C. Scott, “Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia,” American Political Political Science  Review 66:91-113. Steffen W. Schmidt, James C. Scott, Carl Landé, and Laura Guasti (eds.), Friends, Follwers, and Factions:  A Reader in Political Cl Clientelism ientelism (California, 1977) John Levi Martin, “The Short Cut to Structure with Patronage Periods,” unpublished ms.

Week 8 (10/30) 

Structuralist Approaches to Networks

Read: Wasserman and Faust, pp. 345-424 and 461-502 S. F. Nadel, The Theory of Social Structure, pp. 1-9, 62-73, 79-92, 97-104, 147-52 [website] 

 

 

11 Ronald S. Burt, “Social Contagion and Innovation: Cohesion versus Structural Equivalence,” American Journal of Sociology  92:1287-335 [JSTOR] 

Other materials: John Scott, Social Network Analysis: A Handbook , chapters 7 and 8 Stephen Borgatti and Martin Everett, “Notions of Position in Social Network Analysis,” Sociological  Methodology 22:1-35 Harrison C. White, Scott Boorman, and Ronald Breiger, “Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I: Blockmodels of Roles and Positions,” American Journal of Sociology 81:730-80 Scott Boorman and Harrison C. White, “Social Structure from Multiple Networks. II: Role Structures,”  American Journal of Sociology 81:1384-1446 Ronald L. Breiger and Philippa Pattison, “Cumulated Social Roles: The Duality of Persons and Their Algebras,” Social Networks 8:215-56 Ronald L. Breiger, “Career Attributes and Network Structure: A Blockmodel Study of Biomedical Research Specialty,” American Sociological Sociological Review 41:117-135 Philippa Pattison, Algebraic Models Models for Social N Networks etworks (Cambridge, 1994) François Lorrain and Harrison C. White, “Structural Equivalence of Individuals in Social Networks,” N etworks,”  Journal of Mathematical Mathematical Sociology1:49-80 Ronald L. Breiger, Scott Boorman, and Phipps Arabie, “An Algorithm for Clustering Relational Data with Applications to Social Network Analysis and Comparison with Multidimensional Scaling,” Mathematical Psychology 12:328-83 Katherine Faust, “Comparison of Methods for Positional Analysis: Structural and General Equivalences,” Social Networks 10:313-41 Ronald S. Burt, “Models of Network Structure,” Annual Review of Sociology 6:79-141 Wasserman and Faust, pp. 675-724 William Panning, “Fitting Blockmodels to Data,” Social Networks 4:81-101 William Panning, “Blockmodels from Relations to Configurations,” American Journal Journal of Political Science  26:585-608 Ronald S. Burt, “Positions in Networks,” Social Forces 55:93-122 G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx’s Theory of History (Princeton, 2001 [1978])

Week 9 (11/6) 

Kinship as Network Role Structure

Read: Claude Lévi-Strauss, The Elementary Structures of Kinship, pp. 12-83, 119-33, 146-220, 232-309 (chs. 2-6, 9, 11-13, 15-17) [website]  Peter Bearman, “Generalized Exchange,” American Journal of Sociology 102:1383-1415 [JSTOR]  Other anthropological and historical materials on kinship: Harrison C. White, An Anatomy of Kinship (Prentice-Hall, 1963) Franklin E. Tjon Sie Fat, Representing Kinship: Kinship: Simple Models Models of Elem Elementary entary Structures. Leiden University dissertation Robin Fox, Kinship and Marriage, chapters 1, 3, 4, 6-8 Meyer Fortes, The Dynamics of Clanship Among the Tallensi (Oxford, 1945) Rodney Needham, Structure and Sentiment: A Test Case in Social Anthropology (Chicago, 1962) Paula Rubel and A. Rosman, Your Own Pigs You May Not Eat   (Chicago, 1978)

 

 

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Peter Ekeh, Social Exchange Theory: The Two Traditions, chapter 3 (Heinemann, 1974) Andrew Strathern, The Rope of Moka: Big Men and Ceremonial Exchange in New Guinea (Cambridge, 1971) Douglas R. White and Paul Jorion, “Representing and Computing Kinship: A New Approach,” Current  Anthropology 33:454-63 Lilian Brudner and Douglas R. White, “Class Property and Structural Endogamy: Visualizing Networked Histories,” Theory and Society 25:132-80 David Herlihy, “Family Solidarity in Medieval Italian History,” in David Herlihy et al. (eds.), Economy, Society and Government in Medieval Italy (Kent 1969) Diane Owen Hughes, “Kinship and Neighbors in State, Medieval Genoa,” in

Harry Miskimin et al. (eds.), The

 Medieval City (Yale, 1977), pp. 95-112

Diane Owen Hughes, “From Brideprice to Dowry in Mediterranean Europe,” Journal of Family Family History  3:262-96 John F. Padgett, “Marriage and Elite Structure in Renaissance Florence, 1282-1500,” unpublished SSHA conference paper, 1994 Classic small group studies: Elizabeth Bott, “Urban Families: Conjugal Roles and Social Networks,” Human Relations Relations 8:345-84 J. A. Barnes, “Classes and Committees in a Norwegian Island Parish,” in Samuel Leinhardt (ed.), Social  Networks: A Developing Par Paradigm adigm, pp. 233-52 (Academic, 1977) Ronald L. Breiger and G. G . E. James, “Personae and Social Roles: The Network Structure of Personality Types in Small Groups,” Social Psychology Quarterly 42:262-70 Gwendolyn Moore, “Structural Determinants of Men’s and Women’s Personal Networks,” American Sociological Review 55:726-35 International Trade: David Snyder and Edward Kick, “Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth, 19551970,” American Journal of Sociology 84:1096-1126 Ronald L. Breiger, “Structures of Economic Interdependence Among Nations,” in Peter Blau and Robert Merton (eds.), Continuities in Structural Inquiry, chapter 12 Roger J. Nemeth and David A. Smith, “International Trade and World-System Structure: A Multiple  Network Analysis,” Review (Fernand (Fernand Braudel Center) Center) 8:517-60 David A. Smith and Douglas R. White, “Structure and Dynamics of the Global Economy: Network Analysis of International Trade, 1965-1980,” Social Forces 70:857-93 Week 10 (11/13) 

Primary Effects of Networks

A. Solidarity and Mutual Support: Read: Barry Wellman and S. Wortley, “D “Different ifferent Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support,” American Journal of of Sociology 96:558-88 [JSTOR]  Other materials: S. M. Kana’iaupuni et al., “Counting “Counting on Kin: Social Networks, Social Support, Support, and Child Health Status,” Social Forces 83:1137-64 Charles Kadushin, “Social Density and 1982), Mentalchapter Health,”7 in Peter Marsden and Nan Lin (eds.), Social  (Sage, Structure and Network Analysis

 

 

13

Maureen T. Hallinan, “The Process of Friendship Formation,” Social Networks 1:193-210 Robert Huckfeldt, “Social Contexts, Social Networks, and Urban Neighborhoods: Environmental Constraints on Friendship Choice,” American Journal of Sociology 89:651-669 Candice Feiring, “Other-Sex Friendship Networks and the Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 28:495-512 Claude S. Fischer, To Dwell Among Friends (Chicago, 1982), esp. chapters 1, 12-16 Barry Wellman, Peter J. Carrington, and Alan Hall, “Networks as Personal Communities,” in Barry Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz (eds.), Social Structures: A Network Approach (Cambridge, 1988), ch. 8  T. C. Antonucci, A. M. Sherman, and H. Akiyama, “Social Networks, etworks, Support, and Integration,” in J. E. Birren (ed.), Encyclopedia of Gerontology Age, Aging, and N the Aged (Academic, 1996), pp. 505-14 Edward O. Laumann, Bonds of Pluralism: Pluralism: The Form Form and Substance of Urban Social N Networks etworks (Wiley, 1973) Jill Suitor and Shirley Keeton, “Once a Friend, Always a Friend? Effects of Homophily on Women’s Support Networks across a Decade,” Social Networks 19:51-62 Helene H. Fung, Laura L. Carstensen, and Frieder R. Lang, “Age-related Patterns in Social Networks Among European Americans and African Americans: Implications for Socioemotional Selectivity Across the Life Span,” International Journal of Aging & Human Human Development  52:185-206  52:185-206 Edwina Uehara, “Dual Exchange Theory, Social Networks N etworks and Informal Social Support,” American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 96:521-57 Carol B. Stack, All Our Kin: Kin: Strategies for Survival in a B Black lack Community Community, chs. 3 and 6 (Harper & Row, 1974) Theodore Caplow, “Christmas Gifts and Kin Networks,” N etworks,” American Sociological Sociological Review 47:383-92

B. Information and Advice Read: Emmanuel Lazega and M. A. J. van Duij Duijn, n, “Position in in Formal Structure, Personal Characteristics, and Choices of Advisors in a Law Firm: A Logistic Regression Model for Dyadic Network Data,” Social Networks 19:375-97 [website]  Also, for example: James R. Lincoln and Jon Miller, “Work and Friendship Ties in Organizations,” Administrativ  Administrativee Science Quarterly 24:181-99

C. Diffusion … 1)  of disease: Samuel Friedman et al., “Sociometric Risk Networks and Risk for HIV Infection,” American Journal of Public Health 87,8:1289-96 Martina Morris, “Epidemiology and Social Networks,” Sociological Methods and Research 22:99-126. [see other Morris work as well] James Moody, “The Importance of Relationship Timing for STD Diffusion: indirect Connectivity and STD Infection Risk,” Social Forces 81:25-56 Rothenberg et al., “Choosing a Centrality Measure: Epidemiological Correlates in the Colorado Springs Study of Social Networks,” Social Networks 17:273-97

 

 

14 2)  of ideas and attitudes: Read: James Moody, “The Structure of a Scientific Collaboration  Network,” America  American n Sociological Sociological Review 69:213-38 [website]  Bonnie Erickson, “The Relational Basis of Attitudes,” in Barry Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz (eds.), Social Structures: A Network  Approach  Approac h pp. 99-121 (Cambridge, 1988) [website] 

James Coleman, Elihu Katz, and Herbert Menzel, Medical Innovation: A Diffusi Diffusion on Study (Bobbs-Merrill, 1966) James Coleman, Elihu Katz, and Herbert Menzel, “The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians,” Sociometry 20:253-70 Ronald S. Burt, “Cohesion Versus Structural Equivalence as a Basis for Network Subgroups,” S ubgroups,” in Ronald Burt and M. Minor (eds.), Applied Network Network Analysis: A Methodological IIntroduction ntroduction (Sage, 1983), pp. 262-82  Noah Friedkin, “Structural “Structural Bases of interpersonal interpersonal Influence Influence in Groups,” American Sociological Sociological Review  58:862-72 David Strang and John W. Meyer, “Institutional Conditions for Diffusion,” Theory and Society 22:487-511 David Strang and Michael W. Macy, “In Search of Excellence: Fads, Success Stories, and Adaptive Emulation,” American Journal of Sociology 107:147-82 Leon Festinger, Stanley Schacter, and Kurt Black, Social Pressures in Informal Groups (Stanford, 1963 [1950]) Diana Crane, Invisible Colleges: Colleges: Diffusi Diffusion on of Knowledge iin n Scientific C Communities ommunities (Chicago, 1988 [1972]) Peter V. Marsden and Noah Friedkin, “Network Studies of Social Influence,” Sociological Methods and  Research 22:127-51 Gary Alan Fine, “Folklore Diffusion through Interactive Social Networks: Conduits in a Preadolescent Community,” in his Manufacturing Tales: Tales: Sex and Money in Contemporary Contemporary Legends (Tennessee, 1992) Thomas W. Valente, Network Models of the Diffusion Diffusion of Innovations (Hampton, 1995) Thomas W. Valente and Rebecca R ebecca L. Davis, “Accelerating the Diffusion of Innovations Using Opinion O pinion Leaders,” Annals of the American American Academ Academyy of the Political Political and Social Sc Sciences iences 566:55-67 Myong-Hun Chang and Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., “Discovery and Diffusion of Knowledge in an Endogenous Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 110:937-76

D. Vacancy Chains: Read: John F. Padgett, “Mobility as Control: Congressmen through Committees,” in Ronald L. Breiger (ed.), Social Mobility and Social Structure (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 27-58 [website]  Harrison C. White, Chains of Opportunity (Harvard, 1970), especially chapter 1 Shelby Stewman and S. L. Konda, “Careers and Organizational Labor-Markets,” American Journal of Sociology 88:637-85 Ivan D. Chase, “Vacancy Chains,”  Annual Review Review of Sociology 17:133-54 Andrew Abbott, “Vacancy Models for Historical Data,” in Ronald L. Breiger (ed.), Social Mobility and Social Structure, pp. 80-102 (Cambridge, 1990) Andrew Abbott and Alexandra Hrycak, “Measuring Resemblance in Sequence Data: An Optimal Matching Analysis of Musicians’ Careers,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 96:144-85 D. Randall Smith and Andrew Abbott, “A Labor Market Perspective on the Mobility of College Football Coaches,” Social Forces 61:1147-67 Peter Marsden and Karen Campbell, and Selection Processes: The Organizational Side of Job Searches,” in Ronald L. Breiger (ed.),“Recruitment Social Mobility and Social Structure (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 59-79

 

 

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Katherine Stovel, Michael Savage, and Peter Bearman, “Ascription into Achievement: Models of Career Systems at Lloyds Bank, 1890-1970,” American Journal of Sociology 102:358-99 Katherine Stovel and Mike Savage, “Mergers and Mobility: Organizational Growth and the Origins of Career Migration at Lloyds Bank,” American Journal of Sociology 111:1080-1121 King-to Yeung, “Repressing Rebels, Managing Bureaucrats: State Organizational Adaptation During the Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64,” unpublished ms., Rutgers University

Week 11 (11/20) 

Economic Relations

A. Transactions and Markets Read: Brian Uzzi, “Social Relations and Networks in the Making of Financial Capital,” America  American n Sociological Sociological Review Review 64:481-505 [JSTOR]  John F. Padgett and Paul D. McLean, “Elite Transformation and Economic Credit in Renaissance Florence,” unpublished ms. [website]  John F. Padgett and Paul D. McLean, “Organizational Invention and Elite Transformation: The Birth of Partnership Systems in Renaissance Florence,” American Journal of Sociology 111:1463-1568 John F. Padgett and Paul D. McLean, Santa Santa Fe Institute Working Paper GET FULL CITE Paul D. McLean and John F. Padgett, “Was Florence a Perfectly Competitive Market? Transactional Evidence from the Renaissance,” Theory and Society 26:209-44 Brian Uzzi, “The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect,” American Sociological Sociological Review 61:674-98 Brian Uzzi and Ryon Lancaster, “Embeddedness and Price Formation in the Corporate Law Market,”  American Sociological Sociological Review 69:319-44 Donald Mackenzie and Yuval Millo, “Constructing a Market, Performing Theory: The Historical Sociology of a Financial Derivatives Exchange,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 109:107-45 Joel Podolny, “Networks as the Pipes and Prisms of the Market,” American Journal of Sociology 107:33-60 Ranjay Gulati and Martin Gargiulo, “Where Do Interorganizational Networks Come From?”  American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 104:1439-93 Joel Podolny, Toby E. Stuart, and Michael T. Hannan, “Networks, Knowledge, and Niches: Competition in the Worldwide Semiconductor Industry, 1984-1991,” American Journal of Sociology 102:659-89 Frank Romo and Michael Schwartz, “The Structural Embeddedness of Business Decisions: The Migration of Manufacturing Plants in New York State, 1960-1985,” American Sociological Sociological Review 60:874-907 Stuart Macaulay, “Non-Contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study,” American Sociological Sociological  Review 28:55-67 Bruce G. Carruthers, City of Capital (Princeton, 1996) Ezra W. Zuckerman and Stoyan V. Sgourev, “Peer Capitalism: Parallel Relationships in the U.S. Economy,”  American Journal of Sociology 111:1327-66 Mark S. Mizruchi and Linda Brewster Stearns, “Getting Deals Done: The Use of Social Networks in Bank Decision-Making,” American Sociological Sociological Revie Review w 66:647-71 Mark S. Mizruchi, Linda Brewster Stearns, and Christopher Marquis, “The Conditional Nature of Embeddedness: A Study of Borrowing by Large U.S. Firms, 1973-1994,” American Sociological Sociological  Review71:310-32 Roberto M. Fernandez and Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, “Networks, Race, and Hiring,” American Sociological Sociological  Review 71:42-71 Emilio J. Castilla, “Social Networks and Employee Performance iin a Call Center,” American Journal of Sociology 110:1243-83

 

 

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Roberto M. Fernandez, Emilio J. Castilla, Castilla, and Shyon Baumann, “Social Capital at Work: Networks and Employment at a Phone Center,” American Journal of Sociology 105:1288-1356

B. Ownership Read: Mark S. M Mizruchi izruchi and Linda B. Stearns, “A Longitudinal Study of  Administrative  Adminis trative the Formation of Interlocking Science Quarterly  33:194-210Directorates,”

Donald Palmer, Roger Friedland, and J. V. Singh, “The Ties that Bind: Organizational and Class Bases of Stability in a Corporate Interlock Network,” American Sociological Sociological Review 51:781-96 Mark S. Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action (Harvard, 1992) Clifford Kono, Donald Palmer, Roger Friedland, and Matthew Zafonte, “Lost in Space: The Geography G eography of Interlocking Directorates,” American Journal of Sociology 103:863-911 William G. Roy, “The Unfolding of the Interlocking Directorate Structure of the United States,” American Sociological Review 48:248-57 Val Burris, “Interlocking Directorates and Political Cohesion Coh esion among Corporate Elites,” American Journal of Sociology 111:249-83 Yusheng Peng, “Kinship Networks and Entrepreneurs in China’s Transitional Economy,” American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 109:1045-74

C. Networking and Strategy Read: Robert Faulkner, Music on Demand: Demand: Composers Composers and and Careers Careers in the Hollywood Film Industry, chapters 8 and 9 (Transaction, 1983) [website]  Ronald S. Burt, Structural Holes (Chicago, 1992), especially Introduction and chapter 1 Wayne Baker and Robert Faulkner, “Role as Resource in the Hollywood Film Industry,” American Journal of Sociology 97:279-309 Paul D. McLean, The Art of the Network  (forthcoming  (forthcoming from Duke, 2007) Vanina Leschziner, “Recognition by Omission: Authorship and Differentiation in the Culinary Field,” unpublished ASA conference paper

Week 12 (11/27) 

History and Politics through a Social Network Lens

Read: John F. Padgett and Christopher K. Ansell, “Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434,” American Journal of of Sociology  98:1259-1319 [JSTOR]  Roger V. Gould, “Patron-Client Ties, State Centralization, and the Whiskey Rebellion,” America  American n Journal of of Sociology Sociology 102:400-429 [JSTOR] 

 

 

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Politics in various places: Paul D. McLean, “A Frame Analysis of Favor Seeking in the Renaissance: Agency, Networks, and Political Culture,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 104:51-91 Paul D. McLean, “Widening Access while Tightening Control: Office-holding, Marriage Marriages, s, and Elite Consolidation in Early Modern Poland,” Theory and Society 33:167-212 Paul D. McLean, “Patronage, Citizenship, and the Stalled Emergence of the Modern State in Renaissance Florence,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 47:638-64  Relations into Rhetorics, especially pp. 1-18, 24-5, 42-5, 72-93, 95-111, 131-181 Peter Bearman, Peter S. Bearman, James Moody, and Robert Faris, “Blocking the Future,” Social Science History 23:501-33 Peter Bearman, James Moody, and Robert Faris, “Networks and History,” Complexity 8,1:61-71 Roger V. Gould, Insurgent Identities Identities (Chicago, 1995), especially chapters 1, 2, 6, 7 Christopher K. Ansell, “Symbolic Networks: The Realignment of the French Working Class, 1887-1894,”  American Journal of Sociology 103:359-90 Edward O. Laumann and David Knoke, The Organizational State (Wisconsin, 1987) Richard Lachmann, Capitalists In Spite of Themselves (Oxford, 2000) Gerhard Lehmbruch and Philippe Schmitter (eds.), Patterns of Corporatist Policy-Making (Sage, 1982) Daniel P. Carpenter, The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Reputations, Networks, and Policy  (Princeton, 2001)  Innovation in Executive Executive Agencies, Agencies, 1862-1928  (Princeton, Martin Shefter, “Trade Unions and Political Machines: The Organization and Disorganization of the American Working Class in the Late Nineteeth Century,” in Ira Katznelson and Aristide Zolberg (eds.), Working Class Formation (Princeton, 1986), chapter 6 Henning Hillman, “Localism and the Limits of Political Brokerage: Evidence from Revolutionary R evolutionary Vermont,” unpublished ms. Adam Slez and John Levi Martin, “Political Action and Party Formation in the United States Constitutional Convention,” University of Wisconsin, unpublished ms.

Specifically on Social Movements: Jeff Goodwin, “The Libidinal Construction of a High-Risk Social Movement: Affectual Ties and Solidarity in the Huk Rebellion, 1946 to 1954,” American Sociological Sociological Review 62:53-69 Roger Petersen, Resistance and Rebellion: L Lessons essons from Eastern Eastern Europe (Cambridge, 2001) J. Craig Jenkins, “Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements,” Annual Review of Sociology 9:527-53 David Snow, Louis Zurcher, and Sheldon Ekland-Olson, “Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructurall Approach to Differential Recruitment,” American Sociological Microstructura Sociological Review 45:787-801 Roberto Fernandez and Doug McAdam, “Social Networks N etworks and Social Movements: Multiorganizational Sociological Forum 92:64-90. Fields and Recruitment to Mississippi Freedom Summer,” Andreas Flache and Michael Macy, “The Weakness of Strong Ties: Collective Action Failure in a Highly Cohesive Group,” Journal of Mathematical Mathematical Sociol Sociology ogy 21:3-28 Marc Dixon and Vincent J. Roscigno, “Status, Networks, and Social Movement Participation: The Case of Striking Workers,” American Journal of Sociology 108:1292-1327 Florence Passy, “Social Networks Matter. Matter. But How?” in Mario Diani and Doug McAdam (eds.), (eds.), Social  Movement Analysis: Analysis: The Netw Network ork Perspecti Perspective ve (Oxford, 2003), pp. 21-48 Maryjane Osa, “Networks in Opposition: Linking Organizations through Activists in the Polish People’s Republic,” in Mario Diani and Doug McAdam (eds.), Social Movement Analysis: The Network Perspective  (Oxford, 2003), pp. 77-104 Roger V. Gould, “Why Do Networks Matter? Rationalist and Structuralist Interpretations, Interpretations,”” in Mario Diani and Doug McAdam (eds.), Social Movement Analysis: The Network Perspective (Oxford, 2003), pp. 23357 Pamela E. Oliver and Daniel D aniel J. Myers, “Networks, Diffusion, and Cycles of Collective C ollective Action,” in Mario Diani and Doug McAdam (eds.), Social Movement Analysis: The Network Perspective (Oxford, 2003), pp. 173-203

 

 

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Migration: Vilna F. Bashi, Survival of the Knitted (forthcoming from California, 2007) Douglas S. Massey and J. Edward Taylor, International Migration Migration (special issue), March 2004 Alberto Palloni et al., “Social Capital and International Migration: A Test Using Information on Family  Networks,” American Journal of Sociology 106:1262-98 B. Davis, G. Steckloy, and P. Winters, “Domestic and International Migration from Rural Mexico: Disaggregating the Effects of Network Structure and Composition,” Population Studies 56:291-309 Thomas Bauer and Klaus F. F . Zimmermann, “Network Migration of Ethnic Germans,” International

 Migration Review Review 31:143-9

S. J. Gold, “Gender, Class, and Network: Social Structure and Migration Patterns Among Transnational Israelis,” Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs 1:57-78  N. M. Shah and I.I. Menon, “Chain Migration Migration through the Social Network: Experience of Labour M Migrants igrants in Kuwait,” International Migration Migration 37:361-82 Some older, formative anthropological and historical material: Fredrik Barth, Political Leadership Among the Swat Pathans (Athlone, 1965), especially chapters 7 and 9 Carl Landé, Leaders, Factions, Factions, and Parti Parties: es: The Struct Structure ure of Philippine Politics (Yale, 1965) S. Schmidt, James Scott, Carl Landé, and Laura Guasti (eds.), Friends, Followers, and Factions  (California, 1977) Lily Ross Taylor, Party Politics in the Age of Caesar  (California  (California 1968 [1949]) Noblemen: A Study of tthe he Political System System of the Si Sikh kh Jats (Routledge & Kegan Joyce1975) Pettigrew, Robber Noblemen: Paul, Dale Kent, The Rise of the Medici: Faction in Florence, 1426-34 (Oxford, 1978) Judith Chubb, Patronage, Power, and Poverty in Southern Italy (Cambridge, 1982) Martin Shefter, “The Emergence of the Political Machine: An Alternate View,” in Willis D. Hawley et al. (eds.), Theoretical Perspectives on Urban Politics (Prentice-Hall, 1976)

Week 13 (12/4) 

Networks and Culture

A. Discourse and Interaction Read: Ann Mische, “Cross-Talk in Movements: Reconceiving the Culture-Network Link,” in Mario Diani and Doug McAdam (eds.), Social Movement Analysis: The Network Perspective (Oxford, 2003), pp. 258-80 Paul D. McLean, “A Frame Analysis of Favor Seeking in the Renaissance: Agency, Networks, and Political Culture,”  American  Journal of of Sociology 104:51-91. David Gibson, “Taking Turns and Talking Ties: Networks and Conversational Interaction,” American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 110:1561-97 Mustafa Emirbayer and Jeff Goodwin, “Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency,” American  Journal of Sociology Sociology 99:1411-54 Harrison C. White, Identity and Control Control (Princeton, 1992) Harrison C. White, “prequel to to Mische and White GET CITE FROM LATER ARTICLE? Ann Mische and Harrison C. White, “Between Conversation and Situation: Public Switching Dynamics Across Network Domains,” Social Research 65:695-724

 

 

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Eric Leifer, “Interaction Preludes to Role-Setting: Exploratory Local Action,” American Sociological Sociological  Review 53:865-78

Eric Leifer, and Valli Rajah, “Getting Observations: Strategic Ambiguities in Social Interaction,” Soziale Systeme 6:251-67

Ronald S. Burt, “Bandwidth and Echo: Trust, Information, and Gossip in Social Networks,” in James Rauch and Alessandra Casella (eds.), Networks and Markets Markets (Russell Sage, Sage, 2001), pp. 30-74

B. Mapping Cognition with Network Tools: Read: John Mohr, “Soldiers, Mothers, Tramps, and Others: Discourse Roles in the 1907 New York City Charity Directory,” Poetics  22:327-57. Peter S. Bearman and Katherine K atherine Stovel, “Becoming a Nazi: A Model for Narrative Networks,” Poetics  27:69-90 Kathleen Carley, “Extracting Culture Through Textual Analysis,” Poetics 22:291-312 Katherine Giuffre, “Sandpiles of Opportunity: Success in the Art World,” Social Forces 77:815-32 Kathleen Carley, “Knowledge Acquisition as a Social Phenomenon,” Instructional Science Science 14:381-438 Ann Mische and Philippa Pattison, “Composing a Civic Arena: Publics, Projects, and Social Settings,” Poetics 27:163-94 Linton C. Freeman, “Cliques, Galois Lattices, and the Structure of Human Social Groups,” Social Networks  18:173-87 Karin Knorr-Cetina, Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Make Knowledge (Harvard, 1999) King-to Yeung, “What Does Love Mean? Exploring Network Culture in Two Network Settings,” Social Forces 84:391-420 Some work on neural networks n etworks and information processing: Antonio Damasio, Descartes’ Error: Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain (Avon, 1995) David Rumelhart et al., Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition  (MIT, 1986) William Bechtel and Adele Abrahamsen, Connectionism and the Mind: An Introduction to Parallel Processing in Networks (Blackwell, 1991) Edwin Hutchins, Cognition in the Wild  (MIT,  (MIT, 1995)

Week 14 (12/11) 

Thinking Dynamically about Networks

A. The Santa Fe Approach Read: John F. Padgett, “Organizational Genesis in Florentine History: Four Multiple-Network Processes,” unpublished ms., selections [website]

John F. Padgett, “The Emergence of Simple Ecologies of Skill: A Hypercycle Approach to Economic Organization,” in W. Brian Arthur et al. (eds.), The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II  (Addison (AddisonWesley, 1997) John F. Padgett, “Organizational Genesis, Identity, and Control: The Transformation of Banking in Renaissance Florence,” in James Rauch and Alessandra Casella (eds.),  Networks and Markets (Russell Sage, 2001), pp. 211-57

 

 

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John F. Padgett and Paul D. McLean, “Organizational Invention and Elite Transformation: The Birth of Partnership Systems in Renaissance Florence,” American Journal of Sociology 111:1463-1568 Walter Fontana and Leo Buss, “The Arrival of the Fittest: Toward a Theory of Biological Organization,”  Bulletin of Mathematical Bi Biology ology 56:1-64 Walter Fontana and Leo Buss, “The Barriers of Objects: From Dynamical Systems to Bounded Organizations, in John Casti et al. (eds.),  Boundaries and Barriers Barriers  Leo Buss, The Evolution of Individuality (Princeton, 1987) Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster, The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self-Organization Self-Organization (SpringerVerlag, 1979) The Origins of Order: Self-Organization Stuart Kauffman, Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution (Oxford, 1993)

B. Algorithms and Conceptual Issues Garry Robins, J. Woolcock, and Philippa Pattison, “Small and Other Worlds: Global Network Structures ofrom Local Processes,” American Journal Journal of Sociology 110:894-936 James Moody, Daniel A. McFarland, and Skye Bender-deMoll, “Dynamic Network Visualization: Methods for Meaning with Longitudinal Network Movies,” American Journal of Sociology 110:1206-65 Ronald S. Burt, “Decay Functions,” Social Networks 22:1-28 Maureen T. Hallinan and Edwin E. Hutchins, “Structural Effects on Dyadic Change,” Social Forces  59:225-45 Muriel Hammer, “Predictability of Social Connections over Time,” Social Networks 2:165-80 Barry Wellman, Renita Yuk-Lin Wong, David Tindall, and Nancy Nazer, “A Decade of Network Change: Turnover, Persistence, and Stability in Personal Communities,” Social Networks 19:27-50 Ronald S. Burt, “Bridge Decay,” Social Networks 24:333-363 V. Eguíluz et al., “Cooperation and the Emergence of Role Differentiation in the Dynamics of Social  Networks,” American Journal of Sociology 110:977-1008 Doug McAdam, “Beyond Structural Analysis: Toward a More Dynamic Understanding of Social Movements,” in Mario Diani and Doug McAdam (eds.), Social Movement Analysis: The Network Perspective (Oxford, 2003), pp. 281-98 Scott Moss and Bruce Edmonds, “Sociology and Simulation: Statisti Statistical cal and Qualitative Cross-Validation,”  American Journal of Sociology 110:1095-1131

C. Substantive Applications Read: W. W. Powell, Douglas R. White, Kenneth W. Koput, and Jason Owen-Smith, “Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Inter-organizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences,”  American  America n Journal of of Sociology 110:1132-1205 David Stark and Balázs Vedres, “Social Times of Network Spaces: Network Sequences and Foreign Investment in Hungary,” America  American n Journal of of Sociology 111:1367-1411 Walter W. Powell, Kenneth Koput, and Laurel Smith-Doerr, 1996, “Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology,”  Administrative  Administ rative Science Science Quarterly Quarterly 41:116-45 Brian Uzzi, “The Emergence of Broadway,” unpublished ms.

 

 

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Appendix: Further Reading on Methodological Issues

Entering Data: Peter V. Marsden, “Network Data and Measurement,” Measurement,” Annual Review of Sociology 16:435-63 Peter D. Killworth and H. Russell Bernard, “Informant Accuracy in Social Network Data,” Human Organization 35:269-86 Peter D. Killworth and H. Russell Bernard, “Informant Accuracy in Social Network Data III: A Comparison of Triadic Structure in Behavioral and Cognitive Data,” Social Networks 2:10-46 Linton C. Freeman, A. K. K . Romney, and S. C. Freeman, “Cognitive Structure and Informant Accuracy,”  American Anthropologist  Anthropologist  89:310-25  89:310-25 Edward O. Laumann, Peter Marsden, and David Prensky, “The Boundary Specification Problem in  Network Analysis,” in in Ronald S. Burt and M. Minor (eds.), (eds.), Applied Network Network Analysis (Sage, 1983), pp. 1834 Mark S. Granovetter, “Network Sampling: Some First Steps,” American Journal of Sociology 83:12871303 Ove Frank, “Network Sampling and Model Fitting,” in Peter Carrington et al. (eds.), Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis (Cambridge, 2005), chapter 3

Regression Analyses of Network Data: Roger V. Gould, “Multiple Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune,” American Sociological Sociological  Review 56:719-29

 Noah E. Friedkin, “Social Networks in Structural Structural Equation Models,” Social Psychology Quarterly 53:31628 Tom Snijders and Chris Baerveldt, “A Multilevel Network Study of the Effects of Delinquent Behavior on Friendship Evolution,” Journal of Mathematical Mathematical Sociolo Sociology gy xxx:xx-xx Lutz Erbring and Alice Young, Y oung, “Individuals and Social Structure: Contextual Effects as Endogenous Feedback,” Sociological Methods and Research 7:396-430 Patrick Doreian, “Estimating Linear Models with Spatially Distributed Data,” Sociological Methodology  12:359-88 David Krackhardt, “QAP Partialling as a Test of Spuriousness,” Social Networks 9:171-86 David Krackhardt, “Predictions with Networks: Nonparametric Multiple Regression Analysis of Dyadic Data,” Social Networks 10:359-81 Stanley Wasserman and Garry Robins, “An Introduction to Random Graphs, Dependence Graphs, and p*,” Methods in Social N Network etwork Analysis (Cambridge, 2005), pp. in Peter Carrington et al. (eds.),  Models and Methods 148-61 Tom A. B. Snijders, “Models for Longitudinal Network Data,” in Peter Carrington et al. (eds.), Models and  Methods in Social Network Anal Analysis ysis (Cambridge, 2005), pp. 215-47 Tom A. B. Snijders, “The Statistical Evaluation of Social Network Dynamics,” Sociological Methodology  31:361-95 Patrick Doreian and Frans Stokman (eds.), Evolution of Social Social Networks (Gordon & Breach, 1997), especially chapters 1 and 19 Ashish Sanil, David Banks, and Kathleen Carley, “Models for Evolving Fixed Node Networks: Model Fitting and Model Testing,” Social Networks 17:65-81 David Banks and Kathleen M. Carley, “Models of Social Network Evolution,” Journal of Mathematical Mathematical Sociology 21:173-96 Kathleen M. Carley, “On the Evolution of Social and Organizational Networks,” in Steven B. Andrews and David Knoke (special issue eds.), Research in the Sociology of Organizations: Organizations: On Networks Networks in and around Organizations (JAI, 1999), pp. 3-30

R. B. Rothenberg et al., “Social Network Dynamics and HIV Transmission,” AIDS  12:1529-36

 

 

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Lothar Krempel and Thomas Plumper, “Exploring the Dynamics D ynamics of International Trade by Combining the Comparative Advantages of Multivariate Statistics and Network Visualization,” Journal of Social Structure  4:1

Clustering: Berkowitz, “A Goodness-of-Fit Measure for Blockmodels,” Social Eliot Noma and D. Randall Smith, “Benchmark for the Blocking of Sociometric Data,” Psychological  Bulletin 97:583-91 David Knoke and James Kuklinski, K uklinski, Network Analysis Analysis (Sage, 1982), chapter 4 Paul Green, Multidimensional Scaling: Concept Conceptss and Applications Applications  Phipps Arabie and J. Douglas Carroll, “Conceptions of Overlap in Social Structure,” in Linton C. Freeman et al. (eds.), Research Methods Methods in Social Ne Network twork Analysi Analysiss 

Peter J. Carrington, H eil and S. D.  Networks  2:219-34 G. H. Heil

Graphing Issues: J. B. Kruskal and M. Wish, Multidimensi  Multidimensional onal Scaling (Sage, 1978) T. M. J. Fruchterman and Edward E dward Reingold, “Graph Drawing by Force-Directed Placement,” Placement,” Software Practice and Experience 21(11):1129-64 Tomihisa Kamada and Satoru Kawai, “An Algorithm for Drawing General Undirected Graphs,”  Information Processing. Processing. Lette Letters rs 31,1:7-15 James Moody, “Peer Influence Groups: Identifying Dense Clusters in Large Networks,” Social Networks  23:261-83 Linton C. Freeman, “Visualizing Social Networks,” Journal of Social Social Structure 1, or at www.hwinz.cmu.edu/project/INSNA/joss/vsn.html Wouter de Nooy, Andrej Mrvar, and Vladimir Batagelj, Exploratory Social Social Network Analysis Analysis with Pajek  Pajek   (Cambridge, 2005)

Acknowledgments: I benefited from consulting the syllabi of Dan McFarland and John Levi Martin, who in turn benefited from consulting the syllabi of (at the very least) John Padgett, James Montgomery, James Moody, Mark Mizruchi, Peter Bearman, Peter Marsden, Philip Bonacich, and Duncan Watts.