Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Introduction Chapter 1

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines

 A multilevel multilevel machine Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Contemporary Multilevel Machines

 A six-level six-level computer. The support method for each level is indicated below it . Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Evolution of Multilevel Machines •

Invention of microprogramm microprogramming ing

•

Invention of operating system

•

Migration of functionality to microcode

•

Elimination Eliminati on of microprogramming

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Operating System Tasks

 A sample job for for the FMS operating operating system Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Milestones in Computer Architecture (1)

Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Milestones in Computer Architecture (2)

Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Computer Generations •

Zeroth Generation Mechanicall Computers (1642 Mechanica (1642 –  – 1945)  1945)

•

First Generation Vacuum Tubes (1945 – (1945 – 1955)  1955)

•

Second Generation Transistors (1955 – (1955 – 1965)  1965)

•

Third Generation Integrated Circuits (1965 – (1965 – 1980)  1980)

•

Fourth Generation Very Large Scale Integration (1980 – (1980 – ?)  ?)  Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

Von Neumann Machine

The original Von Neumann machine. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

PDP-8 Innovation Innovation –  – Single  Single Bus

The PDP-8 omnibus

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

 

IBM 360

The initial offering of the IBM product line.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0 13 148521 0  

Technological and Economic Forces

Moore’s law predicts a 60-percent 60-percent annual increase in the number of transistors that can be put on a chip. The data points given in this figure are memory sizes, in bits.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0 13 148521 0  

The Computer Spectrum

The current spectrum of compu computers ters avail available. able. The prices should be taken with a grain (or better yet, a metric ton) of salt.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

Personal Computer 1. Pentium 4 socket 2. 875P Support chip 3. Memory sockets 4. AGP connector 5. Disk interface 6. Gigabit Ethernet 7. Five PCI slots 8. USB 2.0 ports 9. Cooling technology 10. BIOS  A printed circuit board is at the heart of every personal computer. This figure is a photograph of the Intel Intel D875PBZ board. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

Example Computer Families •

Pentium 4 by Intel

•

UltraSPARC III by Sun Microsystems

•

The 8051 chip by Intel, used for embedded systems

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

Intel Computer Family (1)

The Intel CPU fami family. ly. Clock speeds are measured in MHz (megahertz) where 1 MHZ is 1 million cycles/s cycles/sec. ec.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

Intel Computer Family (2)

The Pentiu Pentium m 4 chi chip. p. The photograp photograph h is copyrighted copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

Intel Computer Family (3)

Moore’s law for (Intel) CPU chips.  chips. 

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

MCS-51 Family

Members of the MCS-51 family.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0  

Metric Units

The principal metric prefixes.