The Productive Feed Zones Identified Based On Spinner Data Adn Application in Reservoar Potensial Review of Kamojang

 

Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005

The Productive Feed Zones Identified Based Base d on Spinner Data and Application in the Reservoir Potential Review of Kamojang Geothermal Area, Indonesia M.Yustin Kamah, T. Dwikorianto, A.A. Zuhro, D. Sunaryo and A. Hasibuan Kamojang Geothermal area – Upstream Directorate, PERTAMINA Ltd., PO. BOX. 120 Garut, Indonesia [email protected]  [email protected] 

Keywords:  Spinner, Productive Feed zones, Geothermal Keywords:  reservoir, Pertamina-Kamojang

Seventy-seven wells have been drilled in this area since 1974. Fifty-three of these wells are located in the main production area. The other wells are drilled for both stand by wells as maintenance’s supplying 140 MWe and for future extension of another 60 MWe at the Eastern Kamojang Block, Sasradipoera et al. (2000). See Figure 2.

ABSTRACT Spinner Logging is a tool that directly identifies flow rate at points in a borehole. It’s closely correlated with the formation permeability. Spinner data are useful for prediction of reservoir productivity zones. Depletion curve of spinner informs the steam entry or steam loss in the reservoir zones.

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Spinner data of sixteen wells identify two major productive feed zones in the K Kamojang amojang geothermal R Reservoir. eservoir. Upper Feed zone (FZA) is at 700-800 masl elevation and lower feed zone (FZB) is at 100-500 masl elevation. At FZA, production wells are 60 – 65 tons/hour; at FZB, they are 75

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The evaluation spinner data can be used for supporting make-up well prognosis and predicting the well output early, before the well completion.

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Figure 2: Kamojang boundary. Area that includes 77 wells

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2341m

Suralaya 3x400MW

 Kamojang

Wayang Windu 2606m

This field is the first geothermal development in Indonesia with the capacity of 2.5 MWe. Supplying 30 production

JAKARTA

Cilegon

Muarakarang

500MW

4x125MW

 Darajat

This website stores data such as cookies to enable essential site Bogor functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You may change your settings at any time or accept the default settings.

TanjungPriuk 4 x 5 7 .5 M W

wells to the electricity turbine, the geothermal system of Kamojang reservoir is vapor dominated with to date developing capacities of around 140 MWe, Sudarman, et al (1995).

Gandul 500/150 kV

G.Papandayan

 

G.Cikuray

Cibinong 500/150kV

BogorBaru 150/20kV

Jatiluhur 6x25MW Cirata 4x125MW

Cirebon

The alteration study at the Kamojang geothermal field is still limited in determining the hydrothermal mineral presence. Sometimes, in these situations, subsurface geoscience problems are not answered, e.g. real top to bottom reservoir, reservoir thickness, and the well output.

G. Salak(UGI) 6 x 55 MW

BANDUNG

Ubrug

Sukabumi

WEST JAVA INDONESIA LEGEND :

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Transmissionline, 500 kV

Saguling 4x175MW Pangalengan 2MW

BandungSelatan 500/150kV

KAMOJANG FIELD (140 MW) KarahaField

Patuha W. Windu (MN) 110 MW Darajat (AI) 125 MW

The PTS (Pressure Temperature and Spinner) survey is an excellent method for solving the problems mentioned above. The PTS data and analysis results inform the pressure and temperature distribution, top of fluid level in hole, physical condition of casing, liner in the hole and wells productivity, which contribute to one or both feed and thief zones.

Tasikmalaya

Transmissionline, 150 kV Road InstalledGeothermalP ower(Operator)

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InstalledThermalPo wer InstalledHydro Power Substation

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1: Location of Kamojang geothermal area, Indonesia

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Make-UpWell Unit-IV&V

 

LOKASI AGH KAMOJANG E   E  R     N  A R  T  A   I I I I  N R  T   A  M

Road

Make-Upwells Unit-I,II &III

Kamojang geothermal field is located 42 km East of Bandung, the capital city of West Java, Indonesia. See map on Figure 1.

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1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION  

0mE 812.00 000mE

H

x

NW-1

– 80 tons/hour with the wellhead pressure of 15 Ksc. In the Kamojang Reservoir, the productive feed zones are distributed in the Western and Eastern blocks.

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A field size of 14 km2  was determined by DCAccept Schlumberger. FurtherAll filed delineation of 21 km2  was determined from the CSAMT resistivity, Sudarman (1988). 1

 

M.Yustin Kamah et al. to complete the steam requirements for units IV IV and V which will be placed within these zones.

2. KAMOJANG GEOTHERMAL FIELD 2.1. Background

Based on Magneto telluric resistivity data and with the combination of the drilling data, it is likely that an additional area of 7 km2, lying largely in the western part of the block, is needed. Based on these areas and on a typical reservoir range of 15 to 20 MW per km 2 for such volcanic system, the estimate for the Kamojang geothermal field ranges from 210 to 280 MW for the period of 30 years, Sanyal et al. (2000).

The Kamojang field is associated with a Quaternary andesitic stratovolcano. Geological structures, which have been identified through the field studies, include volcanic collapse structure forming crater walls on manifest horsts and grabens associated with normal faults (Figure 3).   n  g    r  a    i    l 1  e 200    i  w   C  g     F .  i  r a  n    l  e

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PasirSoreang

G.Kancing

 g    r a  n    l  e  i   i  w  .    F  C Qvck 

G.Cinde

Production is obtained from fractured andesite with the top of reservoir at elevation of about 900m (msl) in the northern part of the area, sloping from there to the west and south, and dropping sharply in the extreme south to about 200m (msl), Sanyal et al. (2000).

Qvbs 

Qvgp 

G.Gandapura G.Batususun

KawahLeutak  PasirCilutung KawahWaikang

Qvms 

Qaltr 

KawahSaar KawahManuk  KawahBarecek  KawahPojok

  0  0   1  4   0    5  0   1

Qvsgr 

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Chemical data from the representative wells are typical for the steam wells with total non-condensable gas content generally below 1% of the weight and with H2 S gas content less than 300 parts per million of the weight.

G.Masigit Qaltr  70

 Danau  Pangkalan

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Alluvial,unconsolidated Alteration Basalticandesite Mt.. Guntur Basalticandesite Mt.Masigit

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2.2 Permeability Distribution Qvlp  1 

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F     . P     a    t     e    u    n     g    t     e    u    n     g   

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Kamojang

: CiharusBlock

AndesitephorpiryMt. Katomas Pyroxeneandesite Mt. Cibatuipis PyroclasticMt..Sanggar Pyroxeneandesite Mt.Cibereum Basalt Mt. Dogdog Basalt Mt. Rakutak

: Rimstructure

WESTJAVAINDEXMAP

G.Karang

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Basalticandesite Mt. Cakra AndesiteG.Gajah Basalticandesite Mt. Gandapura Basalticandesite Mt. Batususun P  R E

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  H.Agus'99, Y.Kamah&Nur.L'2000 Sumber:J.Heale y'75, D.Robert' 83,PABUMUEPIII'93,

803.000 mT

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812.000 mT

Bogor G.Tampomas

G.TangkubangParahu G.Halimun G.Pangrango

Qvgp 

U

Serang

: Productionarea

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Qvp 

G.Katomas

G.Martalaya

PyroxeneAndesite Mt..Kancing AndesitePasir Jawa Basalticandesite Mt. Putri Basalticandesite Legokpulus

Sudarman et al (2000) presented the Kamojang reservoir permeability distribution on the permeability distribution map shown on Figure 4:

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1 2 2 0    0 

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Cirebon BANDUNG

G.Kendang

G.Cakrabuna na a PelabuhanRatu

Sukabumi G.Mala bar G.Patuha

: Fault

G.Guntur

Garut

Mount Kota AreaKamojang

G Talagab . odas

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LEGEND: KAMOJANGGEOTH. AREA

:SteamVent,Fumarolw : Boiling spring

Engineeri Engineering ng AG KM J,2004 C:PROG .KMJ76/p-geologi.prz

 

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NE H

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Figure 3:Geological map of Kamojang

KawahLeutak 

 H

The geothermal system is manifested by fumarole, solfataras, boiling springs, mud pools and intensive hydrothermal clay alteration which occurs at an intersections between the N-S Citepus fault and a series of NW-SE faults within the Gandapura formation (0.4 my). Clay alteration within the Gandapura formation forms a cap rock in the system. The underlying Rakutak basaltic andesite (two of which are mine) is the primary reservoir rock. Loss of circulation while drilling is frequently found along the contact between the Rakutak and Gandapura formation. Reservoir entries are also believed to be associated with fractures permeability, which is related to the faults Sudarman et al (2000) and Pokja (2000).

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PasirCilutung

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KawahSaar KawahManuk  KawahPojok

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Low Permeability

 H

High Permeability

0

1 km

Medium Permeability

 

This website stores data such as Some faulting and rim caldera control the permeability in cookies to enable essential the drilling target site reservoir. The best permeability of The functionality, as well as marketing, Rim caldera of Pangkalan supports the western block. It is mainly personalization, andproductive analytics.feed Youzones. Lithological contacts also present target permeability but it has been just a little more may change your settings at any time productive than the permeability from the structure. or accept the default settings.

Figure 4. Permeability reservoir area

distribution

on

Kamojang

The permeability can be incorporated into a permeability map characterizing the reservoir features. Reservoir permeability is controlled by both steeply dipping faults and bedding planes along the contact of the Rakutak and Gandapura formations. The bedding planes influence widespread lateral high permeability zones that are expected from the distribution of the faults. The permeability map shows that the lateral high permeability zones extend to the northeast and northwest of the production area, which provides a new target for drilling.

Sudarman et al (1990) interpreted that the field has an areal extent of about 21 km2, based upon the CSAMT (Controlled Sources Audio Magneto Telluric) resistivity Privacy Policyanomaly. Exploration wells in the north and southeast have confirmed the size of the system. Only about 40 % of the Marketing area have been intensively drilled. It mostly covers the central part of the filed. About nine of the production wells Personalization have low output due to inadequate permeability in the Rakutak formation.

3. SPINNER SURVEY AND PROCESSING DATA

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3.1. Methodology

The Kamojang reservoir is steam dominated and includes an area of 21 km2 (commercially proven with the help of the Accept productive wells). TheAll additional drilling is needed in order

Spinner Logging is a tool to directly identify flow rate at points in borehole. It is closely correlated with the formation of permeability in the reservoir. Spinner logging 2

 

M.Yustin Kamah et al. is running in the hole joints, which are parallel to the pressure and temperature surveys (as we sometimes call PTS survey). PTS survey h has as capability of de detecting tecting trouble early. Fluid loss in thief zone, fractures plugged, channelling around cement bound, casing or tubing break are the problems that PTS can detect.

monoconductor 5/16” and bride line 3/16”, which are resistant to the high temperature (600 degree F) and wire line with length equal to the depth of the reservoir. Also, it includes power pack with machine capacity of 80-90 HP, surface pressure control equipment BOP (blow out preventer), lubricator act, telescopic rig and computer record.

In the Kamojang geothermal area, both PT.Welltekindo and Trident Well Service (USA) have been running the PTS logging survey in 13 wells. Operational system that uses Surface Read Out (SRO) directly records data along the

The first step before starting the PTS survey is to run sinker bar in order to detect the conditions in the hole (the optimal depth of the well). The results are used as a guide to plan

depth, which is computer memory efficient. Within this system approach, we decrease the time, while the result of survey is more accurate than that of the mechanical system. The spinner equipment was developed by the Trident,USA, in 1986, and is widely used for handling geothermal wells, Weltekindo Nusantara (1998).

PTS component equipment and setting the point of interest in the hole. The PTS operational procedure starts by installing PTS equipment into the rope socket at the monoconductor cable. The equipment slowly logs down from surface to the total depth with the speed frequency of 100 FPM (feed per minutes). The WHP (wellhead pressure) is used for recording. During log down the recording activity continuously sends the signal to the computer. Table 2 shows the results of the continuos ordinate of depth versus speed in cycles per second:

The Surface Read Out System (SOR) operating system has high performance. It records data per two seconds. Recording resolution is 0.01 psi and the accuracy is around 0.2 % of full-scale pressure. The accuracy of the temperature is up to 0.01 F degrees on the 1.50 F of full scale. The other advantage of this system is its ability to quickly detect any error during the run in the hole.

Table 2. Data recording sample from CHR-1

The equipment tool is set at a very high temperature. Thus, both electrical and non electric tools support extreme passout, which according to the military standard of up to 600 degree F. Especially for the spinner tool, the equipment must be resistant to a very high temperatures because of the possibility of the mineral composition breakage. The impeller is free rotated. This equipment is supported by special bearing with the joint support of 14-cylinder magnet for the optimal rotation. The impeller is made from alloy cupric beryllium in order to preserve the ion to anode change. This protects the depositing of any minerals where the tool rotating point is optimal.

Depth (m)

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MarketingMinimum flow

Temp. 600 Deg F 10 Ft/min

Range

Resolution  Accuracy  Accurac y

0-10000 0-100 00 PSI 0.010 PSI 0.2 %

75 - 600 Deg F 0.010 Deg F 1.50 %

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0

260.43

0.56

261.03

0.3243

401.75

0.0056

136.47

0.99

261.09

0.0432

401.83

0.0067

136.47

1.37

261.08

0.0080

401.82

0.0067

136.47

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actt ac

actt ac

actt ac

actt ac

actt ac

136.47

401.74

1783.34

333.98

1782.39

333.61

0

424.20 -0.0602

424.35

0.1278

0

During log down and log up, the data produced results instantly, informing some of the major feed zones as a target. Thus, the next activity is to log down again but stop at the main feed zones and a stationary stop. Recording is still continuous with changes of the WHP per 10 - 20 minutes. In the Kamojang geothermal wells, the WHP schedule runs are 17.5 Ksc, 15 Ksc, 12.5 Ksc and 10 Ksc. The last step is to perform the continuous log down to the bottom parallel to the recording and to run up or log up to the surface.

3.2 PTS Procedure Survey in Wells

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Spinner (cps)

Twenty minutes past deepest, equipment log up to thetandem, depth of in topits of liner is 7”.the ForPTS log down, WHP and speed frequency are constant as well. For some log down, the PTS equipment continuously recorded data from the bottom to the top of liner as 7”. The meaning of the PTS equipment stop for log up at the top of liner as 7” is the accuracy target data for both depth and speed in cycles per second, because the potential target running PTS is in the reservoir feed zones.

Temperature System : Temp Rating

T. Grad (deg F/ft)

 

110-120 inc 110-120 50-75 lb

Flow Measureme Measureme nt :

Temp (deg F)

Started Sta rted log up to the top of line r

Minimum speed of the impeller is 0.06 cycles per second or 0.084 counts/hertz/pulse per second, while the maximum impeller rotating speed is 417-cycle per second or 5.833 counts/hertz/pulse per second. The impeller’s speed range allows the fluid flow in the hole. See Table 1.

Length Weight

P. Grad ( PSI/ PSI/ ft)

Started Log Down

By rotating the impeller in the magnetic field, we get the continuous electric signal, which is transmitted to the computer software at the surface.

  Table 1:data PTS such tool specification specification  This website stores as cookies to enable essential site PTS TOOL SPESIFICATION functionality, as well as marketing, personalization, and analytics. You M e c h an an i c al al : Pressure System : may change your settings at any time Tool Tempe ratur rature e Rating 600 Deg F Pressu re Range Tool Pressure Rating 10000 PSI Resolution or accept the default settings. Tool OD 1 11/16”/ 3”  Accurac  Accuracy y

Press ( PSI)

Supporting materials for the spinner job in the hole include Accept All a wire line tools and winch unit complete with the 3

 

M.Yustin Kamah et al.

KMJ-63 ( 63 (Elv.1490m)

KMJ-41 (Elv. 1477m)

Depth(m) Depth(m)

Depth( Depth(m) m)

Elv.(m (m) 800

1100

FZI = 9T 9 T/H FZII = 9T 9 T/H FZIII=37T = 37T/H

Elv. (m)

Elv. (m)

+490

1000

KMJ-26 (Elv. 1475m)

Depth pth(m) (m)

FZI = 15T/H FZII = 63T/H

+677

FZI =14T/H FZII =66T/H

 FZI 1070m

+675

800

+390

 FZI 950m

ZIII 1182-1190m  FZI

+290

1200

+477

1000

+475

1000

 FZI ZIIIII 1200-1272m

 FZI 1000-1050m

+190

1300

+277

1200

1400

  WL1207m +275

 FZI  FZIII1150-1200m

1200

+90

 FZII1180-1210m  FZII -10

1500 +77 1400

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Depth(m)

500

Elv.(m)

+1015

+934

600

FZI =16T/H FZII =64T/H +915

400

Elv.(m)

500

FZI = 21T/H FZII = 66T/H

Cps 300

KMJ-72 (Elv.1534m)

Depth(m)

KMJ-27 (Elv. 1515m)

200

FZII =67T/H

600

+915

700

+815

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+715

 FZI 690-700m +734

800

 FZI 723-747m 800

+7 +715 15

+615

900

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+515

+534

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+334

+515

1000

 FZII 1075-1090m

 FZII 1030-1127m 1100

1200

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 FZI 844-1030m

+415

+315

1200

1300 200

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Cps

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 FZII 1250-1395m 100

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+134 1400 100

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  Figure 5: Spinner data graphics joint the pressure and temperature in view wells

This website stores data such as 3.3 Processing and Analyses Data cookies to enable essential site During the monitoring of log down or log up PTS in the functionality, as well marketing, holes, theas well still produced fluid while flowing to the pipe personalization, analytics. lineand production. TheseYou situations effectively influence the spinner equipment rotates freely at the point of feed may change your settings at which any time zone where the fluid flows throughout to the surface and/or or accept the reverse defaulttosettings. the thief zones. Privacy

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Interesting Zones and Reservoir Productivity Figure 6 shows the main feed zones of CHR-1 well at three points of depth: FZ I (feed zone I) at 1506-1600 m depth, FZ II at 1450-1456 m depth and FZ III at the depth of 13991402 m. These figures show one of the best performance samples of spinner data. The results are closely correlated with the point of true depth of potential feed zone, which is a main target for producing a fluid.

The results of running PTS are shown in Figure 5 as Policygraphic charts of function of depth (meters or feet) versus temperature (C or F), pressure (Ksc) and speed (cycle per second).

The spinner curve depletion indicates the fluid capacity throughout the hole from the feed point. As was mentioned before, Kamojang geothermal reservoir is steam dominated. Thus, in order to calculate the capacity of steam flow the assumption of mass balance rule (capacity produce is

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lead to the decision of whether to develop the area or not.

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constant with and unit capacity of ton/hour) should beofmade. Enthalpy is kept constant to each point zone in reservoir should be calculated as a reflection of the spinner depletion curve in cps (cycles per second).

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M.Yustin Kamah et al. Kamojang case”; 11th  PNOC-EDC Tangonan geothermal field, Philippines.

REFERENCES POKJA, 2000. “Kamojang Geothermal Prospec and Development Strategy”. Pertamina Geothermal Division (Report in Indonesia) unpublished.

Sudarman, S, Guntur.B., Satyajit D.,Iand Sumantri.Y., 2000,.”Mapping reservoir permeability with geoelectrical, FMS and Spinner data Kamojang Field Indonesia”. WGC-2000 Japan, pp. 2911-2917

Sanyal.S.,Tait.A.R.,Klein.K.N.,Butler.S.J.,Lovekin.J.M.,Br own.P.J.,Sudarman, S, Sulaiman .S. 2000. “Assessment of steam supplay for the expansion of geothermal capacity from 140 to 200 MWe Kamojang Geothermal Filed West Java Indonesia.” WGC Japan. pp.2196-2220

Welltekindo Nusantara, 1998. “Mea “Measurement surement of Pressure, Temperature and Spinner (PTS) report in well CHR-1 Kamojang geothermal area, Indonesia”. (Report in Indonesian). Be joined Pertamina Ltd. P.36.

Sudarman, S, Lubis, L.I. and Prijanto, 1990. “Geothermal field boundary delineation with CSAMT; the

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