(Trance, 2008)
Content
p11
Why Optimize Chiller with
Cooling Tower System?
為何以水塔系統來優化製冷機組?
The goal of the cooling tower and chiller subsystem is to reject the heat from
the chillers at the highest system efficiency possible. The old assumption that
the workload of the largest motors should be minimized misses an important
reality. The reality is that not all mechanical devices have the same energy
efficiency nor do they react the same to changing conditions. The operating
conditions that affect the system efficiency most include tower selection,
chiller type and efficiency, chiller load, and ambient wet bulb temperature. In
the past, various strategies have been suggested to meet the goal of best
system efficiency. Some of these include:
• Operate the cooling tower at the original design leaving-water temperature
(such as 32°C). Chiller service technicians typically promote this strategy in
an attempt to avoid chiller operation problems.
• Operate the cooling tower at the lowest leaving-water temperature
possible, (for example, always run the fans at full speed.) Supporters believe
that reduced chiller energy use will minimize the energy used by the entire
system.
• Operate the cooling tower at a leaving-water temperature equal to the
present outside air temperature wet-bulb plus the tower’s design approach
temperature. Some of the major controls companies have promoted this as
an optimum control strategy.
• Operate the cooling tower at a leaving-water temperature that maintains a
fixed pressure differential between the chiller evaporator and condenser.
The chiller's energy use or the tower's energy use is minimized based on
the selected pressure. The system's energy use is generally not affected.
May 2008
p16
p14
Under a few operating conditions, each of these strategies
will control the tower at the optimum setpoint for best
system efficiency. For the majority of operating conditions,
these strategies will be far from optimal.
Consider System Design Optimization
before Chiller-Tower Optimization
Frequently when optimizing system design, attention
initially focuses on the leaving-water temperature
produced by the cooling tower. In reality, this aspect
should be the final consideration because it often has the
least impact on optimal and reliable system operation. To
create an energy-efficient cooling tower system, follow
these priorities listed in decreasing impact on energy
usage:
• Use a cooling tower range (∆Ts) larger than the old rule
of thumb, 5°C, which often results in a lower system
first cost, lower system full and part load energy use
and therefore lower life cycle cost. Many designers find
that selecting tower and chiller ∆Ts in the 6.7° to 8.3°C
range results in the optimum life cycle cost. Towers
close to the chillers use 6.7 degrees ∆T, while towers
farther away use greater ∆Ts.
• Choose cooling tower configurations that run multiple
fans at low speeds rather than a single fan at high
speed, which can result in significant operating energy
savings.
• System design – Component selection and application
• Sequence of operation – What to run when?
• Setpoint determination – How hard do I run it?
• Always apply two-speed or variable frequency drive
(VFD) drive technology to cooling tower fans. The
energy savings justify it in almost every case. It also
dramatically improves controllability and improves
reliability maintenance.
System Design
There are numerous variables that come into play in the
design of condenser water systems. The following list
contains examples of often-overlooked opportunities for
system energy improvements:
Sequence of Operation
Energy-efficient control begins with a well-thought out and
detailed system sequence of operation. The development
of the system sequence should never be left up to
the discretion of the controls contractor’s installation
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
technician. Some control sequence strategies that can
be applied to optimize cooling tower system efficiency
include:
In actuality, there is no single, optimum cooling-tower
leaving-water setpoint. It is a dynamic value that varies
through time depending upon:
• Sequence fans on at low speed on active cells
as required to control the desired leaving-water
temperature before switching any fan to high speed,
when operating multiple-tower cells on towers
equipped with two-speed fan motors.
•
•
•
•
• Sequence fans on at low speed and ramp to
approximately 50 percent to 60 percent before
sequencing on an additional fan, when operating
multiple-tower cells. Modulate all operating fans in
parallel — at the same speed — to maintain the desired
cooling tower leaving-water temperature.
Cooling Tower Optimization
• Enable multiple-tower cells and run more fans at lower
speeds to save fan energy. Note that many cooling
towers have a relatively narrow range of water-flow
rates that they can effectively operate within, confirm
with the tower manufacturer that enabling additional
cells will not compromise this range. If it does, ask
about the availability of wide-flow range nozzles or hot
deck weirs that can be added to extend the tower flow
range.
kW
Setpoint determination
After system design and sequence of operation has been
analyzed for the best system efficiency, consideration
can now be given to the determination of the coolingtower leaving-water temperature that will allow for the
lowest possible subsystem energy use (tower and chiller).
水塔出水溫度最優化
350
300
250
200
150
Chiller kW
100
Tower kW
50
Total kW
0
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
22.5ºC
Condensing Water Temperture
冷卻水供水溫度
29.5ºC
The optimum setpoint minimizes both chiller and tower
subsystem energy use. Load, ambient conditions and the
part load operating characteristic of chiller and cooling
tower ultimately determine the optimum tower control
temperatures for a given installation. Note, too, that screw
chiller energy consumption increases quickly with reduced
head pressure (condensing water temperature), so the
optimal tower water setpoint control for these compressors
may be lower than for centrifugal compressors.
The Trane Company patented a methodology which
calculates a near optimal temperature as a function of the
chiller work efficiency, cooling tower efficiency and the
transfer rate and then operate the cooling tower to provide
a conditioned fluid at the near optimal temperature. The
calculation routine and control logic are implemented in
Trane‘s control software (Tracer Summit) and are program
as custom programming language (CPL) for implementing
into project quickly.
Trane energy analysis tools analyze Chiller and cooling
tower optimization for different weather location, building
types and system components in quantitative manner.
Trane sales engineer can assist you to analyze chiller and
tower optimization upon your request.
This article is written by Mr. Peter Lau, Senior Manager of System Applications, Trane Asia Pacific.
Related article is available as
“Take it to the limit – or just halfway? “ ASHRAE Journal, July 1998, Volume 40, N0.7, pp. 32- 39
“Tower water temperature – control it how??!”
(http://www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol241/v24a.asp) Engineers Newsletter, Volume 24, No.1 The Trane Company, 1995, Schwedler, M P.E. and Bradley, B.
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
• Sequence off all tower fans before modulating the
flow across the tower or chiller condenser for the
purpose of maintaining the chiller minimum allowable
condenser/ evaporator pressure differential. On rare
occasions with single-speed fan operation, condenser
water flow modulation through chillers may be required
to coincide with fan operation to limit the number of
fan start/stop cycles. In these cases, the application of
VFD fan control should be considered to provide more
stable operation and to minimize fan maintenance.
Modulate the cooling-tower or chiller-condenser water
flow only when necessary to prevent a chiller from
operating below its minimum allowable condenser
and evaporator pressure differential. If the water flow
through the tower and or chiller is modulated, it may
greatly reduce the tower or chiller efficiency.
Chiller type and efficiency
Tower type and efficiency
System load
Ambient wet bulb temperature
水塔及製冷機組子系統的目的，是在最高系統效率的情況
下，排除製冷機的熱量。傳統認為盡量減低最大機組的負
荷會解決問題，但忽略了一個重要的現實，因為所有機件
並非有相同的能源效益，亦不會在環境轉變下作出相同的
反應。能影響系統效率的運作條件包括水塔的選擇、製冷
機的種類和效率、製冷機負荷及環境濕球溫度。過去有提
出一些策略以達到最佳系統效率，當中包括：
• 在原本設計的出水溫度（例如 32°
C）下操作水塔。一般
製冷機工程人員會建議使用這個方法，以避免製冷機故
障。
• 在最低的出水溫度（例如全速運行風扇）下操作水塔。
支持這個方法的人士認為，減少製冷機的能源使用會減
低整個系統的能源耗量。
• 水塔操作的出水溫度等同當時室外溫度濕球加水塔的設
計趨近溫度。一些主要的控制公司均認為這是最佳的辦
法。
• 在出水溫度維持一個在製冷機蒸發器及冷凝器之間的固
定氣壓差異值下操作水塔。在所選的氣壓下製冷機或水
塔的能源用量會減至最少，但整個系統的能源耗量將不
受影響。
上述各項方法，在某些運作條件下能將水塔控制於最佳定
點，以達到最佳系統效率。但在大多數運作條件下，這些
方法並非最好的策略。
優化製冷機 / 水塔之前應考慮優化系統設計
在優化系統設計之時，往往只集中在水塔產生的出水溫
度，其實是本末倒置。因為它對最佳及可靠的系統運作影
響極少。要設計一個有能源效益的水塔，應考慮下列各項
以減少使用能源：
• 系統設計 – 組件選擇及應用
• 運作次序 – 在什麼時候運作什麼 ?
• 決定定點 – 要多強硬去執行 ?
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
系統設計
設計冷凝器系統時要考慮很多參數。以下是有助系統效率
而容易被忽視的例子：
• 使用高於傳統標準 5°
C 的水塔溫度（∆Ts），因為它能減
低系統的初步成本，減低系統滿負荷及部份負荷時的能
源用量，因此降低生命週期成本。很多設計師認為製冷
機及水塔的 ∆Ts 在 6.7°
C 與 8.3°
C 之間會帶來最佳的生
命週期成本。水塔較接近製冷機應使用 6.7°
C ∆T，而水
塔越離開製冷機便要使用較高的 ∆Ts。
• 選擇水塔裝置能同時間在低速下運作多部風扇，而不只
是高速運作一部風扇；這便會節省大量能源。
• 經常使用雙速或變頻器技術於水塔風扇，所節省的能源
幾乎在每個案例都是有目共睹，而且更有助系統的控制
性及可靠性。
運作次序
有效的能源效益控制由一個詳細及經過深思熟慮的系統運
作次序計劃開始，而系統運作次序的設計，絕不應草率交
予控制承造商的安裝技術員來作決定。一些有助優化水塔
效益的運作次序策略包括︰
• 當運作備有雙速風扇的多台水塔時，在將任何風扇轉至
高速之前，應先將風扇序列開至低速，對準正在運作的
室，以保持理想的出水溫度。
• 當運作多台水塔時，先將風扇序列開至低速，然後調高
至大約 50-60%，再序列一部額外的風扇。將所有運作
中的風扇調至相同速度，以保持理想的水塔出水溫度。
• 使用多台及將更多風扇轉至低速以節省能源。請注意很
多水塔的有效流量範圍較狹窄，所以要與水塔製造商查
清，使用多台會否有所影響。若有的話，可在水塔內加
裝較闊的氣咀或熱水盤分流板，以增加水塔流量。
• 先將所有風扇序列關閉，然後調校水塔或製冷機冷凝器
的流量，以保持製冷機蒸發器及冷凝器之間可接受最低
氣壓差異值。單速風扇操作在罕見的情況下，冷凝器的
流量須由製冷機調控配合風扇運作，以限制風扇開關的
循環次數。在這些情形下，應使用由變頻器控制的風
扇，以便穩定操作及減少風扇維修。除有必要防止製冷
機在低於蒸發器及冷凝器之間可接受最低氣壓差異值下
運作，方可調校水塔或製冷機冷凝器的流量。因為調校
水塔或製冷機的流量會大大減少水塔或製冷機的效率。
決定定點
當完成系統設計及運作次序對最佳系統效率的研究後，便
要考慮決定可帶來最低子系統（水塔及製冷機）能源耗量的
水塔出水溫度。現實中並沒有一個單一、最佳的水塔出水
溫度定點，它的等值十分多變，視乎於：
• 製冷機的種類及效率
• 水塔的種類及效率
• 系統負荷
• 環境濕球溫度
最佳的定點能將製冷機及水塔子系統的能源用量減至最
低，而負荷、環境因素及製冷機與水塔的部份負荷特性最
終決定系統的最佳水塔控制溫度。值得注意的是，當主要
壓力（冷凝器水溫）減少，螺杆式製冷機的能源用量會馬上
增加，因此，螺杆式壓縮機的最佳水塔控制定點會比離心
式壓縮機為低。
特靈擁有一個專利的方案，能以製冷機效率、水塔效率及
轉換率，計算近乎最佳溫度，然後控制水塔提供近乎最佳
溫度的液體。整個計算及控制的邏輯已結合在特靈的控制
軟件（集成舒適系統）內，並以 CPL 程式語言為客戶更快
於工程中實行。
特靈的能源效益分析工具在不同的氣候地點、建築物種類
及系統組件，量化研究水塔及製冷機的優化狀態。如有垂
詢，我們的銷售工程人員定能助你分析如何優化水塔及製
冷機，以達到最佳效益。
此文章由特靈亞太區系統應用高級經理劉子健先生撰寫。
有關文章：
“Take it to the limit – or just halfway? “ ASHRAE Journal, July 1998, Volume 40, N0.7, pp. 32- 39
“Tower water temperature – control it how??!”
(hhtp:www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol241/v24a.asp) Engineers Newsletter, Volume 24, No.1 The Trane Company, 1995, Schwedler, M P.E. and Bradley, B.
Problem Diagnosis
for Chillers
機組故障分析
The factory also points out that if the chiller stops
because of a functional problem, customer should not
use the reset function casually to re-start the chiller.
Contrarily, the cause of the malfunction must be
identified and resolved, then the chiller can be re-started.
Otherwise, there could be serious damage to the chiller.
According to past experience, customer can follow these
initial inspection procedures when encountering a similar
problem. If there is evaporator water flow loss, the
function of flow switch should be inspected first. If the
problem occurs when the chiller is stopped, the chilled
water pump should be checked to see if the time delay
switch is properly installed and set. Usually there should
be at least 3 minutes for the time delay in stopping the
pump.
When RTHD chiller is in operation, if building
management system instructs the chiller to stop,
the chiller will not stop immediately as it will wait for
auto load to complete first, and time delay for unload
takes about 40 seconds. Therefore, when building
management system instructs to stop, the chilled water
pump will not stop immediately and must wait until the
time delay in stopping the pump is completed.
The newly launched CH530 control panel has an added
function: when there is a chiller problem and the control
panel is not reset, the control panel can record the
important operating conditions, such as temperature,
refrigerant pressure, electric pressure and electric
current, 2 hours before the problem occurs, so that the
maintenance personnel can investigate the cause.
特靈製冷機組均裝置了 CH530 電子控制板，可以儲存六十
個機組故障記錄。當製冷機運行時出現故障，電子控制板
便會亮起紅燈，提示維修人員進行檢查。維修人員會根據
控制板所顯示的故障資料，以確定發生的問題，進行維
修。
廠方更指出，如機組因故障而停機，客戶不應隨便使用重
置功能令製冷機重新啟動。相反，應先要了解故障成因及
待問題解決後才可再次啟動機組，否則可能對機組造成重
大損害。
根據過往經驗，客戶如遇到以下類似問題，可按以下建議
作初步檢查。如蒸發器失去水流，應先檢查水流掣之操作
功能；如故障於每次停機時發生，應檢查冷水泵之延遲停
泵時間掣安裝及調校是否妥當，此延遲時間掣應最少有三
分鐘之延遲停泵功能。
當 RTHD 製冷機組運行時，如屋宇自動控制系統發出停機
指令予機組，機組不會即時停止運作，因機組會待自動卸
載完成後才會停止運行，而卸載延遲時間需時四十秒。故
此，當屋宇自動控制系統發出停機指令，是不能將冷水泵
即時停止，而必須等待延遲停泵調節功能完成。
最新推出的 CH530 電子控制板有一項新加功能，便是當機
組有故障及未有將製冷機控制板重置時，控制板能記錄故
障前兩小時之運行狀況，如溫度、冷媒壓力、電壓及電流
等重要資料，方便維修人員檢查故障的原因。
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
Trane chillers are installed with CH530 control panel,
which can store up to 60 records of functional problems.
When there is a problem during the operation of chiller,
control panel will flash its red light to alert maintenance
personnel for inspection. Maintenance personnel must
investigate the information of control panel to confirm the
problem and perform the maintenance work.
Carbon Audit for
Tamar Project
添馬艦工程之二氧化碳排放審計
Philip C.H. Yu, PhD RPE CEng Director of Environmental & Applications Engineering, Trane Asia Pacific
Philip has over 15 years of professional experience in the HVAC field in Asia Pacific. He is actively involved in non-business technical activities both in
Hong Kong and Mainland China. His areas of interest include building energy, chiller technology, refrigerant piping design and applications of various airconditioning systems.
余中海博士工程師 特靈公司亞太區 環保及應用技術總監
Philip擁有超過15年在亞太地區暖通空調（HVAC）領域的專業經驗。除了繁忙的業務之外，他還很熱心參與香港及國內的技術活動。研究範疇包括建築節能、冷水機技
術、冷媒管道設計及各種空調系統等。
Email 電郵 : [email protected]
In the Policy Address recently released, I am pleased to
learn about the Government’s initiative in joining the global
effort to combat Global Warming, particularly “conducting
a Carbon Audit and implement an emissions reduction
campaign in the new Central Government Complex at
Tamar” (para. #39).
For this new Government Complex (Tamar project),
we could have the opportunity to save as much as
1,000 tons of carbon emission every year* or a lifecycle emission reduction of 30,000 tons!
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
The Tamar project has total chiller (for air-conditioning)
capacity of 10,000 refrigeration tons (RT) but unfortunately,
it is currently specified to use refrigerants with zero
ozone depletion potential (ODP).= For such large chiller
applications, water-cooled centrifugal type is the most
energy efficient choice; and there are 2 commonly used
refrigerants, namely R-123 and R-134a. Since chiller
design has to be optimized based on the choice of
refrigerant and other associated technology, R-123 chiller
has 15.6% better overall efficiency. 1 And the actual
energy savings will be much greater if it can be matched
up with other equipment and controls to optimize the
energy efficiency of the air-conditioning system as a
whole. Putting zero ODP in the specification ruled out the
choice of R-123 which is a HCFC though its ODP is as
low as 0.012. This not only gives up significant indirect
emission (i.e. energy related carbon emission) reduction
mentioned above but also contributes direct emission to
global warming because R-134a is a HFC greenhouse gas
with global warming potential (GWP) 17 times higher and
operates in centrifugal chiller at higher pressure with 4
times higherb emission rate. Apparently, R-123 is a better
choice than R-134a from an integrated environmental
assessment standpoint. There are numbers of supporting
scientific evidence discussed in the past issue.2 As such,
the environmental value of R-123 are more recognized and
given favourable credit points in the latest version of green
building rating standards of many countries including USA3,
Australia 4, Singapore 5, and even Hong Kong 6. Indeed
most of them used to offer credit points to zero ODP as
an environmental response to the Ozone Layer Protection
in the past, now consider Climate Change as well in their
latest version or take an integrated approach like LEED
that incorporates also the important concept of life-cycle
impact, total refrigerant charge and leakage rate.
Last September in Montreal, Canada, I had the privilege
of taking part in the United Nation’s meeting of parties
to the Montreal Protocol. One of the important results
is “phasing-out first those HCFCs with higher ozonedepleting potential”.7 For instance, the U.S. government
phased out HCFC-141b (ODP=0.11) in 2003 to meet the
* Estimate based on simple equivalent full load hours for office building.
= SS P318-Tamar, Section BS2 – Special Design Requirements.
b According to LEED-NC version 2.2 green building rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council, the annual lead rate of R-134a chillers is 2% and that of Trane R-123
chillers is only 0.5%.
Montreal Protocol requirement of first 35% reduction and
HCFC-22 (ODP=0.055) is being phased out by 2010, which
will be sufficient to meet the new “accelerated” schedule
(see lower red line in Fig. 1), without impacting HCFC-123
and other low ODP substances till the end of phase
schedule.
in fig. 2), the new Headquarters building of the central
government environmental authority in the Mainland is
using Trane R-123 chiller because of its superior energy
efficiency and ultra low refrigerant leakage due to low
pressure operation. I really don’t understand why our
government still insist of using the old criteria “zero ODP”
and give up the opportunity of 30,000 tons emission
reduction!
In view of a big cut in the new schedule of Montreal
Protocol for developing countries (see the grey area
Fig.1: ODP Weighted U.S. HCFC Use and Montreal Protocol (MP)
HCFC Consumption Cap for Article 2 (Developed) Countries
圖一：ODP加權HCFC在美國的使用情況及蒙特利爾條約對
第二條款（發達）國家之HCFC消費限額
Million ODP Kilograms 百萬ODP公斤
15
65% - 2004
10
2007 MP Change
2007年的條約變更
35% - 2010
5
25%
10% - 2015
0.5% - 2020
service 維修用
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
HCFC Production Cap
HCFC生產限額
US EPA Est. of HCFC use
美國環保局估計HCFC用量
Actual HCFC usage
實際HCFC使用量
Actual R-123 usage
實際R-123使用量
2020
2025
2030
Calm, J.M. 2007. “Centrifugal chiller efficiency – benefits beyond reduced operating costs”, Act on Climate Change – Now or Never – Proceedings of the
International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC, Hong Kong, 29-31 May 2007), paper ICCC-080.
2
Yu, P.C.H. "Re-thinking of HFC-134a", Trane Hong Kong newsletter, October 2006, pp. 6-8.
3
USGBC. 2006. LEED for New Construction, version 2.2. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington D.C., USA.
4
GBCA. 2007. Green Star environmental rating system for buildings, version 3.0. Green Building Council of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
5
Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. 2008. Green Mark for Air-conditioned Buildings, version 3.0.
6
HK-BEAM Society. 2004. Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method for New Buildings, version 4/04.
7
UNEP. 2007. “Decision XIX/F: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)” Decisions Adopted
by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. http://ozone.unep.org/
1
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
1985
從最近的施政報告，我很高興見到政府採取積極態度，加
入全球對抗氣候暖化的行列，尤其是「政府會以身作則，為
添馬艦政府總部大樓進行二氧化碳排放審計 」（第 39 段）。
對於新的政府總部（添馬艦工程），我們本來有機會每年可
以減少排放 1,000 噸之多的二氧化碳 * 或全生命週期減少排
放達 30,000 噸！
論點 2。亦因為這些證據，R-123 的環保價值近年 來 得 到
廣泛認可和獲得多國的綠色建築物評審標準最新版本中
給予利好的評分，其中包括美國 3、澳洲 4、新加坡 5，甚至
香港 6。其實這些標準以往只認可零 ODP 作為對保護臭氧
層的回應，但如今都考慮氣候變化的因素，美國綠色建築
環保節能設計標準（LEED）更採取一個全面綜合的評估方
法，加入其他重要考慮因素，例如生命週期的影響、雪種
充注量及洩漏率等。
添 馬 艦 工 程 將 採 用 的 冷 水 機 組 總 製 冷 量 ( 冷 氣 部 份 ）為
10,000 冷噸左右，但很可惜目前標書只接受零臭氧層消 去年九月我有幸出席在加拿大蒙特利爾舉行的聯合國蒙特
=
耗潛力 (ODP）的雪種 。對製冷量如此龐大的工程，最佳 利爾條約締約方會議，當中一個重要的成果，是「首先淘
選擇莫過於水冷離心式冷水機組，而常用的雪種為 R-123 汰 ODP 值 較 高 的 HCFC 物 質 」 7。 例 如 美 國 政 府 在 2003
或 R-134a。冷水機組的設計往往基於所選擇的雪種及其 年 淘 汰 了 HCFC-141b（ODP=0.11）便 達 到 蒙 特 利 爾 條
他相關技術才會得到優化，而 R-123 製冷機整體性能高出 約 首 先 減 排 35% 的 要 求； 並 會 在 2010 年 淘 汰 HCFC-22
15.6%1。如配合其他設備及自動控制系統來優化整個冷 （ODP=0.055），足以達到最新的「加速」淘汰時間表（見圖
氣系統，實質的節能效益會更加顯著。指定零 ODP 的雪 一下方紅線），毋須影響 HCFC-123 及其他低 ODP 物質，
種， 等 於 剔 除 採 用 R-123 的 可 能， 因 為 R-123 屬 於 一 種 直至逐步淘汰的終點。
HCFC， 即 使 其 ODP 值 僅 低 至 0.012。 如 此 一 來 ， 不 但
會放棄上述大量減低「間接排放」
（即能耗有關的二氧化碳 雖然是次會議結果對發展中國家的最新淘汰時間表作出大
排 放 ）的 機 會， 更 會加劇直接排放，因為 R-134a 是一種 幅削減（見圖二灰色部分），中國中央政府環保總局的新大
HFC 溫室氣體，其全球變暖潛力（GWP）比 R-123 高出 17 樓還是採用特靈的 R-123 製冷機，皆因其卓越的能源效益
倍，並需要在較高壓的離心式製冷機運作，而排放率亦較 以及超低雪種洩漏率，由於低壓運行。對於香港政府堅守
b
R-123 高 4 倍 。從綜合環境評核角度來看，R-123 無疑勝 「零 ODP」的舊標準而錯過減少 30,000 噸二氧化碳排放的機
過 R-134a。過往我們亦探討了不少科學證據，支持這個 會，我實在百思不得其解！
2007 MP Change
2007年的條約變更
90%-2015
Million ODP Kilograms 百萬ODP公斤
Fig.2: Montreal Protocol (MP)
HCFC Consumption Cap
for Article 5 (Developing)
countries
圖二：蒙特利爾條約對
第五條款（發展中）國家之
HCFC消費限額
2009-2010 Baseline
established (was 2015)
2009-2010年定立基準線
（原本是2015年）
2005
65%-2020
2013 Freeze point
(was 2015)
2013年開始凍結
（原本於2016年）
32.5%-2025
Phase out of HCFC
use in new equipment (was 2040)
分階段停用HCFC於新器材
（原本於2040年）
2010
2015
2020
2025
2.5% - Service Tail
維修使用
2030
2035
2040
* Estimate based on simple equivalent full load hours for office building.
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
= SS P318-Tamar, Section BS2 – Special Design Requirements.
b According to LEED-NC version 2.2 green building rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council, the annual lead rate of R-134a chillers is 2% and that of Trane R-123
chillers is only 0.5%.
Calm, J.M. 2007. “Centrifugal chiller efficiency – benefits beyond reduced operating costs”, Act on Climate Change – Now or Never – Proceedings of the
International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC, Hong Kong, 29-31 May 2007), paper ICCC-080.
2
Yu, P.C.H. "Re-thinking of HFC-134a", Trane Hong Kong newsletter, October 2006, pp. 6-8.
3
USGBC. 2006. LEED for New Construction, version 2.2. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington D.C., USA.
4
GBCA. 2007. Green Star environmental rating system for buildings, version 3.0. Green Building Council of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
5
Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. 2008. Green Mark for Air-conditioned Buildings, version 3.0.
6
HK-BEAM Society. 2004. Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method for New Buildings, version 4/04.
7
UNEP. 2007. “Decision XIX/F: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)” Decisions Adopted
by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. http://ozone.unep.org/
1
RTWD Water Cooled Screw Chiller
RTWD 水冷螺杆式製冷機組
To meet the market demand, Trane has
specially launched the RTWD series of
water cooled screw chiller manufactured
in China, with cooling capacity from 70
to 250 tons using R134a refrigerant. The
chiller uses compressor and starter panel
directly imported from the U.S., therefore
is more reliable and has a wider range of
operating temperatures. Equipped with
the newly improved CH530 control panel,
it is one of the best choices in the market.
為滿足市場的廣泛需求，特靈特別推出
了中國製造的 RTWD 系列水冷螺杆式製
冷機組。冷量由 70 至 250 冷噸，使用
R134a 冷媒。機組使用美國原裝進口
壓縮機及起動製箱，可靠性高及有較大
的運行溫度範圍，配合新改良的 CH530
電子控制板使用，是現今市場其中一個
最佳選擇。
AerisGuard Corrosion Protection
AerisGuard 防腐塗層
AerisGuard Maintenance Corrosion Protection (AerisCoat) provides
comprehensive protection for coils of heat exchanger against corrosion or
oxidation. Through extensive long term field testing, AerisCoat has proven to
offer up to 5 years protection for onsite application.
AerisCoat is newly represented by Hong Kong Air-conditioning Parts Centre
and now available with stock on hand.
AerisGuard 防腐塗層為香港冷氣配件中心新增代理產品，備有現貨供應。
AerisGuard Application – Steps
Clean
Treat
Protect
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
具保護效能的 AerisGuard 防腐塗層，能防止熱交換器內的盤管因接觸空氣或水
份而受到侵蝕或氧化。此產品已通過多項嚴格測試，在工地環境的有效期可長達
5 年。
Carrefour’s First Two Energy
Efficiency Stores in China
家樂福首兩家節能商店於中國開業
Mega department chain store Carrefour has opened
two new stores in Wuhan and Beijing respectively
in January. Trane provided all the air-conditioning
systems for these two energy efficiency stores
and was invited to attend the opening ceremony.
Also, Trane organized a promotional activity entitled
“Energy Saving in My Home” at Carrefour, showing
the highly energy-efficient EarthWiseTM system used
by these two stores and the advanced integrated
control system. Senior management from Carrefour,
Consulate from the French embassy, representatives
from World Wild Fund and related government
officials were present. The air-conditioning system
also includes a remote controlled energy management
system specially designed for Carrefour. Through this
system, the central monitoring and operating centre of
Carrefour in Shanghai can control the operation of airconditioning systems at all its outlets. Trane is proud
to be appointed by Carrefour as the official supplier
in air-conditioning and management systems for all
its new stores in China, and to provide energy saving
improvement services for its existing stores.
大型連鎖百貨商店家樂福兩間分別位於武漢和北京的節
能商店已於本年 1 月開業。特靈為該兩間節能商店提供
全套空調系統，並獲邀參加新店的開幕儀式。同時特靈
在家樂福舉辦「節能在我‘家’」宣傳活動，展示兩間商
店所採用的高效節能 EarthWiseTM 系統及先進的集成控
制系統。家樂福高層領導、法國領事館領事、世界自然
基金會的代表及相關政府領導均到場參觀。
整套空調系統還包括為家樂福設計的遠端控制的能源管
理系統。藉著此系統，位於上海的家樂福中央控制營運
中心便可監控各門店的空調系統運作。特靈已被指定為
家樂福於中國所有新店空調設備及自控系統的供應商；
並為現有店舖提供節能改善服務。
Trane Taiwan Won Outstanding Facility Supplier Award
特靈台灣獲頒傑出供應商獎
TraneNewsletter 10 MAY • 2008
Trane Taiwan just won the Outstanding Facility
Supplier Award by United Microelectronics
Corporation (UMC) recently for its quality products
and technical support. After using the facilities
provided by Trane, UMC saved an impressive
US$2.5 million in operating cost between the
second half of 2006 and 2007. UMC is the first
listed semi-conductor company in Taiwan, and has
12,000 employees all over the world.
特靈台灣最近獲聯華電子公司頒發傑出供應商獎
項，以肯定特靈所提供的優質產品及技術支援。該
公司採用特靈設備後，相關營運成本在 2006 年下半
年至 2007 年期間共節省了 250 萬美元，成績令人鼓
舞。 聯華電子是台灣第一家上市的半導體公司，全
球員工約有 12,000 名。
New Manufacturing
Facility in Thailand
泰國新建廠房
Prevention of
Legionnaires’ Disease
Committee
預防退伍軍人症委員會
Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director,
is renewed by Development Bureau
as a member of the Prevention of
Legionnaires’ Disease Committee.
The three-year tenure started from
November 2007.
業務董事陳家龍先生再次獲發展
局委任為預防退伍軍人症委員會
之委員。三年的委任期由 2007
年 11 月中開始。
Trane and Jardine executives at the new factory.
特靈及怡和機器的管理層攝於新廠房。
特靈及怡和集團在曼谷附近開設的全新高科技製
造廠房，已於 3 月 12 日正式開幕。特靈及怡和
機器的管理層、泰國政府官員、客戶、經銷商及
供應商等均有出席開幕儀式。新廠房主要生產住
宅及商用空調機組，以應付亞太地區、拉丁美
洲、歐洲及中東等市場的龐大需求。廠房設有產
品研發實驗室及完善的檢測設施。除此以外，更
設有培訓中心，為客戶、經銷商及業務夥伴提供
一個技術交流和分享經驗的平台。
Annual Dinner 週年春茗
Trane held the annual dinner in early February at the City
Hall. Over 200 staff put their work aside and participated
this fun-filled occasion. They enjoyed a sumptuous dinner
and had a great time together. Our infamous "Sister Chu"
received the grand prize from Mr. K. K. Leung, Director
and General Manager, with a big, cheerful smile.
特靈於今年 2 月初假香港大會堂舉行春茗，出席員工逾二百
人。同事們暫且放下日間繁重的工作，大家聚首一堂，享
用豐富的晚餐。眾人認識的‘珠姐’從董事及總經理梁基強
先生手上接過大獎，笑逐顏開。
TraneNewsletter 11 MAY • 2008
The new high-tech manufacturing facility near
Bangkok, Thailand by Trane and Jardines was
officially open on 12 March. The management
from Trane and Jardine Engineering,
government officials of Thailand, customers,
dealers and suppliers were present at the
opening ceremony. The new facility mainly
produces household and commercial air
conditioning units to meet the huge demand
from markets in Asia Pacific, Latin America,
Europe and Middle East. The plant has a
product development laboratory and stateof-the-art inspection facilities. Also, it has a
training centre to provide a technical exchange
and experience sharing platform for customers,
dealers and business partners.
Re-structure of Sales Departments
重組銷售部門
To be in-line with the current business environment and
explore new opportunities, Trane Hong Kong started
restructuring the Sales Departments in January this year.
Newly created departments include Strategic Account
Department, which is responsible for unitary products for
new buildings in Hong Kong and overseas joint projects
in Macau, China and other countries, while the Energy
Solution Department mainly provides system update and
energy solutions for customers. Existing Buildings Market
Department, New Buildings Market Department and Trane
Controls Department will continue their sales services as
before.
為配合現時的營商環境及尋找更多商機，特靈香港於今年
1 月開始重組銷售部門。新成立的大客戶部主力負責香港
新建樓宇的單元式產品及海外合作工程項目，當中包括澳
門、中國及其他海外地區。而節能部主要為客戶提供更新
系統及能源解決方案。以往的屋宇設備更新部、屋宇設備
部及屋宇自控部將繼續提供以往的銷售服務。
New Organization Chart of
Trane Hong Kong
Mr. K.L. Chan
Operations Director
Mr. Victor Wong
Senior Manager
New Buildings
Market Department
Trane Controls
Department
Builtech Asia 2008
亞洲建築科技 2008
TraneNewsletter 12 MAY • 2008
Mr. Peter Lau, Senior Manager of System
Applications, Trane Asia Pacific, was
invited as a guest speaker at Builtech
Asia 2008 seminar with the topic of
”I n t e g r a t i n g H V A C i n t o B u i l d i n g
Systems”. The seminar was aimed at
providing the latest technical knowledge
on bui ldings , audience was mainly
from project consultancy companies,
developers, government departments and
contractors.
特靈亞太區系統應用高級經理劉子健先
生，獲邀請為亞洲建築科技 2008 研討會
主講嘉賓；演講主題為暖通空調系統應用
在屋宇系統上。是次研討會主要向業界提
供最新樓宇建築的科技知識。 出席聽眾包
括來自工程顧問公司、發展商、政府部門
及承建商等。
Mr. Albert Lo
Senior Manager
Strategic Account
Department
Mr. Y. S. Tam
Senior Manager
Existing Buildings
Market Department
Energy Solution
Department
Service First
Workshop
服務第一研討營
To enhance staff’s service and team
spirit, we have arranged a Service
First Workshop on 5 and 6 of March
at the Gold Coast Hotel, Tuen Mun.
Through different interesting games
and vivid presentations, everyone has
commanded a good knowledge of the
importance of service first and team
spirit.
為加強員工的服務第一及團隊精神，我
們特別於3月5日及6日於屯門黃金海
岸酒店舉辦了一個服務第一研討營。各
人透過遊戲及深入淺出的講解，認識到
服務第一和團隊精神的重要性。
HKIE Fellow Member
香港工程師學會資深會員
業務董事陳偉平先生於今年 1 月獲香港工程師學會推選
為資深會員。陳先生擁有超過二十年工程及建造業的豐
富經驗，並持有香港大學機械工程學士及碩士學位及多
個專業資格；當中包括註冊專業工程師、英國及澳洲特
許工程師及認可能源經理。陳先生現時擔任香港工程師
學會屋宇裝備分部之榮譽秘書及香港能源服務協會之董
事。此外，他同時獲香港特區政府委任為承建商註冊事
務委員團及委員會之委員及香港學術評審局委任為行業
及學科專家。
Old Faces
昔日面孔
Mr. K. K. Leung, Director, and Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations
Director, had a warm reunion with Mr. Hans Rueschmann
(third left), former Vice President of Unitary Product,
Trane Asia Pacific, and Mr. Tony Chow (fourth left),
former Director & General Manager of Jardine Trane
Airconditioning recently. Mr. Hans has retired for years
and is very active in voluntary church services, while Mr.
Chow is enjoying his retirement life in Shanghai now.
董事梁基強先生及業務董事陳家龍先生於 2 月下旬，與前特
靈亞太區單元式產品副總裁 Mr. Hans Rueschmann（左三）
及前怡和特靈董事兼總經理周榮光先生（左四）相聚一番，
閒話當年。Mr. Hans 退休多年，近年為教會擔任義務工作。
而周先生近年長居上海，享受其寫意的退休生活。
TraneNewsletter 13 MAY • 2008
Mr. Frankie Chan, Operations
Director, was appointed by HK
Institute of Engineers as Fellow
Member in January this year.
Mr. Chan has over 20 years
of experience in the field of
engineering and construction, and
holds a bachelor and a master’s
degree in mechanical engineering
from Hong Kong University, as
well as many other professional
qualifications, including
Registered Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer
(UK & Australia) and Certified Energy Manager. Mr.
Chan is now the Honorary Secretary of the Building
Services Division of HKIE and a Director of HAESCO.
He is also appointed by the HKSAR as a member of
the Contractors Registration Committee Panel and
the Contractors Registration Committee, as well as a
Sector / Subject Specialist for the Hong Kong Council
for Academic Accreditation.
Mr. K. K. Leung, Director,
presented the platinum
award to Mr. Kelly Chow
(right) of Dah Fung
Service.
董事梁基強先生頒發傑出銷
售大獎予大豐空調服務的周
家德先生(右)。
Dealer Meeting 2008
2008 年經銷商晚會
Trane Dealer Meeting 2008 was held on 10
March 2008 at City Garden Hotel, North Point.
Dealer excellence awards were also presented
to praise their outstanding sales performance
in 2006 and 2007 by Mr. K. K. Leung, Director
and Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director. An
exciting series of upcoming dealer activities
were unveiled that night, which included
the factory visit to Zhongshan plant, product
presentation and technical training.
There are 12 dealers received outstanding
sales awards for their dedication and support
to Trane for the past two years, they include:
特靈經銷商晚會於 3 月 10 日假北角城市花園酒
店舉行，是晚由董事梁基強先生及業務董事陳
家龍先生頒發經銷商傑出銷售獎項，以表揚特
靈經銷商於 2006 及 2007 年期間的傑出銷售成
績。晚會期間，我們向經銷商介紹來年的經銷
商活動，包括參觀中山廠房、產品簡介及技術
培訓。
今年共有 12 位經銷商獲頒發傑出銷售獎項，以
表揚及感謝他們在過去兩年的銷售年度，對特
靈的大力支持。得獎名單如右：
Platinum Award 傑出銷售大獎
Dah Fung Service 大豐空調服務
Golden Award 傑出銷售金獎
Arnlee Air-Conditioning Ltd. 安利冷氣工程有限公司
Associated HVAC Contracting Co., Ltd. 華聯冷氣工程有限公司
Jeff Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. 捷富冷氣有限公司
Lightben Ltd. 耀初有限公司
Quota Breaker 傑出銷售獎
Easiplus Engineering Ltd. 怡豐工程有限公司
Honest Air-conditioning Ltd. 明發冷氣有限公司
Kervin Engineering Co., Ltd. 樂信工程有限公司
Kings View Airconditioning Engineering Co., Ltd. 景匯空調工程維修有限公司
SilverTech E & M Engineering Co., Ltd. 銀科機電工程有限公司
TJ Engineering Services Ltd.
Westco Chinney Ltd. 威高建業有限公司
TraneNewsletter 14 MAY • 2008
All dealers and Trane management took a group photo to commemorate the occasion.
所有經銷商與特靈管理層齊齊來一張大合照，以作留念。
MTR Stations Project
港鐵站工程項目
MTR Corporation plans to upgrade the air conditioning
system of its stations gradually. Eleven water cooled
and air cooled chillers with a total of 3,025 tons will
be replaced and installed in 4 of the stations and the
Kowloon Bay depot. The project is expected to take
2 years and be completed by July 2009.
港鐵近年逐步為車站更新空調設備，其中四個車站及
九龍灣車廠將分階段更換及安裝 11 台共 3,025 冷噸水
冷及風冷式製冷機組。該工程預計需時兩年，於 2009
年 7 月完成。
Kornhill Apartments
康蘭居
Kornhill Apartments in Island
East is a service apartment with
450 rooms. Trane is installing a
water cooled centrifugal chiller
with 800 tons there. The project
is estimated to finish by mid
2008.
位於港島東的康蘭居，是一所擁
有 450 間房間的服務式寓所。特
靈為該大廈更換 1 台 800 冷噸的
水冷離心式製冷機組。預計今年
年中完工。
Trane is working on an electric mechanical improvement project for
the 27-year old United Centre in Admiralty. The project includes
changing the air handling units, repairing chillers and changing
the sprinkler system for
the entire building. The
project will be completed
by end of June.
位於金鐘的統一中心已有
27 年歷史，特靈為此中心
提供機電改善工程。工程
主要為全幢大廈更換空氣
處理機組、維修製冷機及
更換消防灑水系統。整項
工程將於 6 月尾完工。
TraneNewsletter 15 MAY • 2008
United Centre 統一中心
Long Service Award | 長期服務獎
Many colleagues have dedicated their services to Trane
for 10, 15 and 20 years, and the management presented
a special award to each one of them as an appreciation
for their contribution over the years.
多位同事分別在特靈工作逾十年、十五年及二十年。管理
層特別代表公司頒發服務獎予各同事，以表揚他們多年來
對公司所作出的貢獻。從服務年期及獲頒獎人數，反映員
工對公司甚有歸屬感。
Mr. James Graham (left), Chief Executive of Jardine Engineering
Corporation, presented the 20 Years Service Award to Mr. K. L.
Chan (right), Operations Director of Trane Hong Kong in JEC Spring
Dinner.
怡和機器有限公司行政總裁關正仕先生(左)於怡和機器春茗晚宴上，頒發
二十年服務獎予特靈香港業務董事陳家龍先生(右)。
Staff Promotions | 員工晉升
Congratulations to the following staff on their
promotions! Wish them more success in their new
appointments.
恭喜以下同事獲擢升，在此祝他們平步青雲。
Happy Wedding | 新婚之喜
Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Yu tied their
knot on 28 December 2007. Our
warmest wishes for their love to last forever!
恭喜余堅成夫婦於 2007 年 12 月 28 日新婚之喜。
TraneNewsletter 16 MAY • 2008
From left: Mr. K. M. Lun (Manager), Mr. Tom Cheung (Assistant
Manager) and Mr. C. W. Chau (Senior Engineer)
左起：倫健文先生（經理）、張景威先生（助理經理）及周頌威先生（高級
工程師）
New Kid | 喜獲麟兒
Congratulations to Mr. Zeno
Wong for his newborn baby boy!
恭喜王仕明先生最近喜獲麟兒。
Why Optimize Chiller with
Cooling Tower System?
為何以水塔系統來優化製冷機組?
The goal of the cooling tower and chiller subsystem is to reject the heat from
the chillers at the highest system efficiency possible. The old assumption that
the workload of the largest motors should be minimized misses an important
reality. The reality is that not all mechanical devices have the same energy
efficiency nor do they react the same to changing conditions. The operating
conditions that affect the system efficiency most include tower selection,
chiller type and efficiency, chiller load, and ambient wet bulb temperature. In
the past, various strategies have been suggested to meet the goal of best
system efficiency. Some of these include:
• Operate the cooling tower at the original design leaving-water temperature
(such as 32°C). Chiller service technicians typically promote this strategy in
an attempt to avoid chiller operation problems.
• Operate the cooling tower at the lowest leaving-water temperature
possible, (for example, always run the fans at full speed.) Supporters believe
that reduced chiller energy use will minimize the energy used by the entire
system.
• Operate the cooling tower at a leaving-water temperature equal to the
present outside air temperature wet-bulb plus the tower’s design approach
temperature. Some of the major controls companies have promoted this as
an optimum control strategy.
• Operate the cooling tower at a leaving-water temperature that maintains a
fixed pressure differential between the chiller evaporator and condenser.
The chiller's energy use or the tower's energy use is minimized based on
the selected pressure. The system's energy use is generally not affected.
May 2008
p16
p14
Under a few operating conditions, each of these strategies
will control the tower at the optimum setpoint for best
system efficiency. For the majority of operating conditions,
these strategies will be far from optimal.
Consider System Design Optimization
before Chiller-Tower Optimization
Frequently when optimizing system design, attention
initially focuses on the leaving-water temperature
produced by the cooling tower. In reality, this aspect
should be the final consideration because it often has the
least impact on optimal and reliable system operation. To
create an energy-efficient cooling tower system, follow
these priorities listed in decreasing impact on energy
usage:
• Use a cooling tower range (∆Ts) larger than the old rule
of thumb, 5°C, which often results in a lower system
first cost, lower system full and part load energy use
and therefore lower life cycle cost. Many designers find
that selecting tower and chiller ∆Ts in the 6.7° to 8.3°C
range results in the optimum life cycle cost. Towers
close to the chillers use 6.7 degrees ∆T, while towers
farther away use greater ∆Ts.
• Choose cooling tower configurations that run multiple
fans at low speeds rather than a single fan at high
speed, which can result in significant operating energy
savings.
• System design – Component selection and application
• Sequence of operation – What to run when?
• Setpoint determination – How hard do I run it?
• Always apply two-speed or variable frequency drive
(VFD) drive technology to cooling tower fans. The
energy savings justify it in almost every case. It also
dramatically improves controllability and improves
reliability maintenance.
System Design
There are numerous variables that come into play in the
design of condenser water systems. The following list
contains examples of often-overlooked opportunities for
system energy improvements:
Sequence of Operation
Energy-efficient control begins with a well-thought out and
detailed system sequence of operation. The development
of the system sequence should never be left up to
the discretion of the controls contractor’s installation
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
technician. Some control sequence strategies that can
be applied to optimize cooling tower system efficiency
include:
In actuality, there is no single, optimum cooling-tower
leaving-water setpoint. It is a dynamic value that varies
through time depending upon:
• Sequence fans on at low speed on active cells
as required to control the desired leaving-water
temperature before switching any fan to high speed,
when operating multiple-tower cells on towers
equipped with two-speed fan motors.
•
•
•
•
• Sequence fans on at low speed and ramp to
approximately 50 percent to 60 percent before
sequencing on an additional fan, when operating
multiple-tower cells. Modulate all operating fans in
parallel — at the same speed — to maintain the desired
cooling tower leaving-water temperature.
Cooling Tower Optimization
• Enable multiple-tower cells and run more fans at lower
speeds to save fan energy. Note that many cooling
towers have a relatively narrow range of water-flow
rates that they can effectively operate within, confirm
with the tower manufacturer that enabling additional
cells will not compromise this range. If it does, ask
about the availability of wide-flow range nozzles or hot
deck weirs that can be added to extend the tower flow
range.
kW
Setpoint determination
After system design and sequence of operation has been
analyzed for the best system efficiency, consideration
can now be given to the determination of the coolingtower leaving-water temperature that will allow for the
lowest possible subsystem energy use (tower and chiller).
水塔出水溫度最優化
350
300
250
200
150
Chiller kW
100
Tower kW
50
Total kW
0
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
22.5ºC
Condensing Water Temperture
冷卻水供水溫度
29.5ºC
The optimum setpoint minimizes both chiller and tower
subsystem energy use. Load, ambient conditions and the
part load operating characteristic of chiller and cooling
tower ultimately determine the optimum tower control
temperatures for a given installation. Note, too, that screw
chiller energy consumption increases quickly with reduced
head pressure (condensing water temperature), so the
optimal tower water setpoint control for these compressors
may be lower than for centrifugal compressors.
The Trane Company patented a methodology which
calculates a near optimal temperature as a function of the
chiller work efficiency, cooling tower efficiency and the
transfer rate and then operate the cooling tower to provide
a conditioned fluid at the near optimal temperature. The
calculation routine and control logic are implemented in
Trane‘s control software (Tracer Summit) and are program
as custom programming language (CPL) for implementing
into project quickly.
Trane energy analysis tools analyze Chiller and cooling
tower optimization for different weather location, building
types and system components in quantitative manner.
Trane sales engineer can assist you to analyze chiller and
tower optimization upon your request.
This article is written by Mr. Peter Lau, Senior Manager of System Applications, Trane Asia Pacific.
Related article is available as
“Take it to the limit – or just halfway? “ ASHRAE Journal, July 1998, Volume 40, N0.7, pp. 32- 39
“Tower water temperature – control it how??!”
(http://www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol241/v24a.asp) Engineers Newsletter, Volume 24, No.1 The Trane Company, 1995, Schwedler, M P.E. and Bradley, B.
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
• Sequence off all tower fans before modulating the
flow across the tower or chiller condenser for the
purpose of maintaining the chiller minimum allowable
condenser/ evaporator pressure differential. On rare
occasions with single-speed fan operation, condenser
water flow modulation through chillers may be required
to coincide with fan operation to limit the number of
fan start/stop cycles. In these cases, the application of
VFD fan control should be considered to provide more
stable operation and to minimize fan maintenance.
Modulate the cooling-tower or chiller-condenser water
flow only when necessary to prevent a chiller from
operating below its minimum allowable condenser
and evaporator pressure differential. If the water flow
through the tower and or chiller is modulated, it may
greatly reduce the tower or chiller efficiency.
Chiller type and efficiency
Tower type and efficiency
System load
Ambient wet bulb temperature
水塔及製冷機組子系統的目的，是在最高系統效率的情況
下，排除製冷機的熱量。傳統認為盡量減低最大機組的負
荷會解決問題，但忽略了一個重要的現實，因為所有機件
並非有相同的能源效益，亦不會在環境轉變下作出相同的
反應。能影響系統效率的運作條件包括水塔的選擇、製冷
機的種類和效率、製冷機負荷及環境濕球溫度。過去有提
出一些策略以達到最佳系統效率，當中包括：
• 在原本設計的出水溫度（例如 32°
C）下操作水塔。一般
製冷機工程人員會建議使用這個方法，以避免製冷機故
障。
• 在最低的出水溫度（例如全速運行風扇）下操作水塔。
支持這個方法的人士認為，減少製冷機的能源使用會減
低整個系統的能源耗量。
• 水塔操作的出水溫度等同當時室外溫度濕球加水塔的設
計趨近溫度。一些主要的控制公司均認為這是最佳的辦
法。
• 在出水溫度維持一個在製冷機蒸發器及冷凝器之間的固
定氣壓差異值下操作水塔。在所選的氣壓下製冷機或水
塔的能源用量會減至最少，但整個系統的能源耗量將不
受影響。
上述各項方法，在某些運作條件下能將水塔控制於最佳定
點，以達到最佳系統效率。但在大多數運作條件下，這些
方法並非最好的策略。
優化製冷機 / 水塔之前應考慮優化系統設計
在優化系統設計之時，往往只集中在水塔產生的出水溫
度，其實是本末倒置。因為它對最佳及可靠的系統運作影
響極少。要設計一個有能源效益的水塔，應考慮下列各項
以減少使用能源：
• 系統設計 – 組件選擇及應用
• 運作次序 – 在什麼時候運作什麼 ?
• 決定定點 – 要多強硬去執行 ?
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
系統設計
設計冷凝器系統時要考慮很多參數。以下是有助系統效率
而容易被忽視的例子：
• 使用高於傳統標準 5°
C 的水塔溫度（∆Ts），因為它能減
低系統的初步成本，減低系統滿負荷及部份負荷時的能
源用量，因此降低生命週期成本。很多設計師認為製冷
機及水塔的 ∆Ts 在 6.7°
C 與 8.3°
C 之間會帶來最佳的生
命週期成本。水塔較接近製冷機應使用 6.7°
C ∆T，而水
塔越離開製冷機便要使用較高的 ∆Ts。
• 選擇水塔裝置能同時間在低速下運作多部風扇，而不只
是高速運作一部風扇；這便會節省大量能源。
• 經常使用雙速或變頻器技術於水塔風扇，所節省的能源
幾乎在每個案例都是有目共睹，而且更有助系統的控制
性及可靠性。
運作次序
有效的能源效益控制由一個詳細及經過深思熟慮的系統運
作次序計劃開始，而系統運作次序的設計，絕不應草率交
予控制承造商的安裝技術員來作決定。一些有助優化水塔
效益的運作次序策略包括︰
• 當運作備有雙速風扇的多台水塔時，在將任何風扇轉至
高速之前，應先將風扇序列開至低速，對準正在運作的
室，以保持理想的出水溫度。
• 當運作多台水塔時，先將風扇序列開至低速，然後調高
至大約 50-60%，再序列一部額外的風扇。將所有運作
中的風扇調至相同速度，以保持理想的水塔出水溫度。
• 使用多台及將更多風扇轉至低速以節省能源。請注意很
多水塔的有效流量範圍較狹窄，所以要與水塔製造商查
清，使用多台會否有所影響。若有的話，可在水塔內加
裝較闊的氣咀或熱水盤分流板，以增加水塔流量。
• 先將所有風扇序列關閉，然後調校水塔或製冷機冷凝器
的流量，以保持製冷機蒸發器及冷凝器之間可接受最低
氣壓差異值。單速風扇操作在罕見的情況下，冷凝器的
流量須由製冷機調控配合風扇運作，以限制風扇開關的
循環次數。在這些情形下，應使用由變頻器控制的風
扇，以便穩定操作及減少風扇維修。除有必要防止製冷
機在低於蒸發器及冷凝器之間可接受最低氣壓差異值下
運作，方可調校水塔或製冷機冷凝器的流量。因為調校
水塔或製冷機的流量會大大減少水塔或製冷機的效率。
決定定點
當完成系統設計及運作次序對最佳系統效率的研究後，便
要考慮決定可帶來最低子系統（水塔及製冷機）能源耗量的
水塔出水溫度。現實中並沒有一個單一、最佳的水塔出水
溫度定點，它的等值十分多變，視乎於：
• 製冷機的種類及效率
• 水塔的種類及效率
• 系統負荷
• 環境濕球溫度
最佳的定點能將製冷機及水塔子系統的能源用量減至最
低，而負荷、環境因素及製冷機與水塔的部份負荷特性最
終決定系統的最佳水塔控制溫度。值得注意的是，當主要
壓力（冷凝器水溫）減少，螺杆式製冷機的能源用量會馬上
增加，因此，螺杆式壓縮機的最佳水塔控制定點會比離心
式壓縮機為低。
特靈擁有一個專利的方案，能以製冷機效率、水塔效率及
轉換率，計算近乎最佳溫度，然後控制水塔提供近乎最佳
溫度的液體。整個計算及控制的邏輯已結合在特靈的控制
軟件（集成舒適系統）內，並以 CPL 程式語言為客戶更快
於工程中實行。
特靈的能源效益分析工具在不同的氣候地點、建築物種類
及系統組件，量化研究水塔及製冷機的優化狀態。如有垂
詢，我們的銷售工程人員定能助你分析如何優化水塔及製
冷機，以達到最佳效益。
此文章由特靈亞太區系統應用高級經理劉子健先生撰寫。
有關文章：
“Take it to the limit – or just halfway? “ ASHRAE Journal, July 1998, Volume 40, N0.7, pp. 32- 39
“Tower water temperature – control it how??!”
(hhtp:www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol241/v24a.asp) Engineers Newsletter, Volume 24, No.1 The Trane Company, 1995, Schwedler, M P.E. and Bradley, B.
Problem Diagnosis
for Chillers
機組故障分析
The factory also points out that if the chiller stops
because of a functional problem, customer should not
use the reset function casually to re-start the chiller.
Contrarily, the cause of the malfunction must be
identified and resolved, then the chiller can be re-started.
Otherwise, there could be serious damage to the chiller.
According to past experience, customer can follow these
initial inspection procedures when encountering a similar
problem. If there is evaporator water flow loss, the
function of flow switch should be inspected first. If the
problem occurs when the chiller is stopped, the chilled
water pump should be checked to see if the time delay
switch is properly installed and set. Usually there should
be at least 3 minutes for the time delay in stopping the
pump.
When RTHD chiller is in operation, if building
management system instructs the chiller to stop,
the chiller will not stop immediately as it will wait for
auto load to complete first, and time delay for unload
takes about 40 seconds. Therefore, when building
management system instructs to stop, the chilled water
pump will not stop immediately and must wait until the
time delay in stopping the pump is completed.
The newly launched CH530 control panel has an added
function: when there is a chiller problem and the control
panel is not reset, the control panel can record the
important operating conditions, such as temperature,
refrigerant pressure, electric pressure and electric
current, 2 hours before the problem occurs, so that the
maintenance personnel can investigate the cause.
特靈製冷機組均裝置了 CH530 電子控制板，可以儲存六十
個機組故障記錄。當製冷機運行時出現故障，電子控制板
便會亮起紅燈，提示維修人員進行檢查。維修人員會根據
控制板所顯示的故障資料，以確定發生的問題，進行維
修。
廠方更指出，如機組因故障而停機，客戶不應隨便使用重
置功能令製冷機重新啟動。相反，應先要了解故障成因及
待問題解決後才可再次啟動機組，否則可能對機組造成重
大損害。
根據過往經驗，客戶如遇到以下類似問題，可按以下建議
作初步檢查。如蒸發器失去水流，應先檢查水流掣之操作
功能；如故障於每次停機時發生，應檢查冷水泵之延遲停
泵時間掣安裝及調校是否妥當，此延遲時間掣應最少有三
分鐘之延遲停泵功能。
當 RTHD 製冷機組運行時，如屋宇自動控制系統發出停機
指令予機組，機組不會即時停止運作，因機組會待自動卸
載完成後才會停止運行，而卸載延遲時間需時四十秒。故
此，當屋宇自動控制系統發出停機指令，是不能將冷水泵
即時停止，而必須等待延遲停泵調節功能完成。
最新推出的 CH530 電子控制板有一項新加功能，便是當機
組有故障及未有將製冷機控制板重置時，控制板能記錄故
障前兩小時之運行狀況，如溫度、冷媒壓力、電壓及電流
等重要資料，方便維修人員檢查故障的原因。
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
Trane chillers are installed with CH530 control panel,
which can store up to 60 records of functional problems.
When there is a problem during the operation of chiller,
control panel will flash its red light to alert maintenance
personnel for inspection. Maintenance personnel must
investigate the information of control panel to confirm the
problem and perform the maintenance work.
Carbon Audit for
Tamar Project
添馬艦工程之二氧化碳排放審計
Philip C.H. Yu, PhD RPE CEng Director of Environmental & Applications Engineering, Trane Asia Pacific
Philip has over 15 years of professional experience in the HVAC field in Asia Pacific. He is actively involved in non-business technical activities both in
Hong Kong and Mainland China. His areas of interest include building energy, chiller technology, refrigerant piping design and applications of various airconditioning systems.
余中海博士工程師 特靈公司亞太區 環保及應用技術總監
Philip擁有超過15年在亞太地區暖通空調（HVAC）領域的專業經驗。除了繁忙的業務之外，他還很熱心參與香港及國內的技術活動。研究範疇包括建築節能、冷水機技
術、冷媒管道設計及各種空調系統等。
Email 電郵 : [email protected]
In the Policy Address recently released, I am pleased to
learn about the Government’s initiative in joining the global
effort to combat Global Warming, particularly “conducting
a Carbon Audit and implement an emissions reduction
campaign in the new Central Government Complex at
Tamar” (para. #39).
For this new Government Complex (Tamar project),
we could have the opportunity to save as much as
1,000 tons of carbon emission every year* or a lifecycle emission reduction of 30,000 tons!
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
The Tamar project has total chiller (for air-conditioning)
capacity of 10,000 refrigeration tons (RT) but unfortunately,
it is currently specified to use refrigerants with zero
ozone depletion potential (ODP).= For such large chiller
applications, water-cooled centrifugal type is the most
energy efficient choice; and there are 2 commonly used
refrigerants, namely R-123 and R-134a. Since chiller
design has to be optimized based on the choice of
refrigerant and other associated technology, R-123 chiller
has 15.6% better overall efficiency. 1 And the actual
energy savings will be much greater if it can be matched
up with other equipment and controls to optimize the
energy efficiency of the air-conditioning system as a
whole. Putting zero ODP in the specification ruled out the
choice of R-123 which is a HCFC though its ODP is as
low as 0.012. This not only gives up significant indirect
emission (i.e. energy related carbon emission) reduction
mentioned above but also contributes direct emission to
global warming because R-134a is a HFC greenhouse gas
with global warming potential (GWP) 17 times higher and
operates in centrifugal chiller at higher pressure with 4
times higherb emission rate. Apparently, R-123 is a better
choice than R-134a from an integrated environmental
assessment standpoint. There are numbers of supporting
scientific evidence discussed in the past issue.2 As such,
the environmental value of R-123 are more recognized and
given favourable credit points in the latest version of green
building rating standards of many countries including USA3,
Australia 4, Singapore 5, and even Hong Kong 6. Indeed
most of them used to offer credit points to zero ODP as
an environmental response to the Ozone Layer Protection
in the past, now consider Climate Change as well in their
latest version or take an integrated approach like LEED
that incorporates also the important concept of life-cycle
impact, total refrigerant charge and leakage rate.
Last September in Montreal, Canada, I had the privilege
of taking part in the United Nation’s meeting of parties
to the Montreal Protocol. One of the important results
is “phasing-out first those HCFCs with higher ozonedepleting potential”.7 For instance, the U.S. government
phased out HCFC-141b (ODP=0.11) in 2003 to meet the
* Estimate based on simple equivalent full load hours for office building.
= SS P318-Tamar, Section BS2 – Special Design Requirements.
b According to LEED-NC version 2.2 green building rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council, the annual lead rate of R-134a chillers is 2% and that of Trane R-123
chillers is only 0.5%.
Montreal Protocol requirement of first 35% reduction and
HCFC-22 (ODP=0.055) is being phased out by 2010, which
will be sufficient to meet the new “accelerated” schedule
(see lower red line in Fig. 1), without impacting HCFC-123
and other low ODP substances till the end of phase
schedule.
in fig. 2), the new Headquarters building of the central
government environmental authority in the Mainland is
using Trane R-123 chiller because of its superior energy
efficiency and ultra low refrigerant leakage due to low
pressure operation. I really don’t understand why our
government still insist of using the old criteria “zero ODP”
and give up the opportunity of 30,000 tons emission
reduction!
In view of a big cut in the new schedule of Montreal
Protocol for developing countries (see the grey area
Fig.1: ODP Weighted U.S. HCFC Use and Montreal Protocol (MP)
HCFC Consumption Cap for Article 2 (Developed) Countries
圖一：ODP加權HCFC在美國的使用情況及蒙特利爾條約對
第二條款（發達）國家之HCFC消費限額
Million ODP Kilograms 百萬ODP公斤
15
65% - 2004
10
2007 MP Change
2007年的條約變更
35% - 2010
5
25%
10% - 2015
0.5% - 2020
service 維修用
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
HCFC Production Cap
HCFC生產限額
US EPA Est. of HCFC use
美國環保局估計HCFC用量
Actual HCFC usage
實際HCFC使用量
Actual R-123 usage
實際R-123使用量
2020
2025
2030
Calm, J.M. 2007. “Centrifugal chiller efficiency – benefits beyond reduced operating costs”, Act on Climate Change – Now or Never – Proceedings of the
International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC, Hong Kong, 29-31 May 2007), paper ICCC-080.
2
Yu, P.C.H. "Re-thinking of HFC-134a", Trane Hong Kong newsletter, October 2006, pp. 6-8.
3
USGBC. 2006. LEED for New Construction, version 2.2. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington D.C., USA.
4
GBCA. 2007. Green Star environmental rating system for buildings, version 3.0. Green Building Council of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
5
Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. 2008. Green Mark for Air-conditioned Buildings, version 3.0.
6
HK-BEAM Society. 2004. Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method for New Buildings, version 4/04.
7
UNEP. 2007. “Decision XIX/F: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)” Decisions Adopted
by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. http://ozone.unep.org/
1
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
1985
從最近的施政報告，我很高興見到政府採取積極態度，加
入全球對抗氣候暖化的行列，尤其是「政府會以身作則，為
添馬艦政府總部大樓進行二氧化碳排放審計 」（第 39 段）。
對於新的政府總部（添馬艦工程），我們本來有機會每年可
以減少排放 1,000 噸之多的二氧化碳 * 或全生命週期減少排
放達 30,000 噸！
論點 2。亦因為這些證據，R-123 的環保價值近年 來 得 到
廣泛認可和獲得多國的綠色建築物評審標準最新版本中
給予利好的評分，其中包括美國 3、澳洲 4、新加坡 5，甚至
香港 6。其實這些標準以往只認可零 ODP 作為對保護臭氧
層的回應，但如今都考慮氣候變化的因素，美國綠色建築
環保節能設計標準（LEED）更採取一個全面綜合的評估方
法，加入其他重要考慮因素，例如生命週期的影響、雪種
充注量及洩漏率等。
添 馬 艦 工 程 將 採 用 的 冷 水 機 組 總 製 冷 量 ( 冷 氣 部 份 ）為
10,000 冷噸左右，但很可惜目前標書只接受零臭氧層消 去年九月我有幸出席在加拿大蒙特利爾舉行的聯合國蒙特
=
耗潛力 (ODP）的雪種 。對製冷量如此龐大的工程，最佳 利爾條約締約方會議，當中一個重要的成果，是「首先淘
選擇莫過於水冷離心式冷水機組，而常用的雪種為 R-123 汰 ODP 值 較 高 的 HCFC 物 質 」 7。 例 如 美 國 政 府 在 2003
或 R-134a。冷水機組的設計往往基於所選擇的雪種及其 年 淘 汰 了 HCFC-141b（ODP=0.11）便 達 到 蒙 特 利 爾 條
他相關技術才會得到優化，而 R-123 製冷機整體性能高出 約 首 先 減 排 35% 的 要 求； 並 會 在 2010 年 淘 汰 HCFC-22
15.6%1。如配合其他設備及自動控制系統來優化整個冷 （ODP=0.055），足以達到最新的「加速」淘汰時間表（見圖
氣系統，實質的節能效益會更加顯著。指定零 ODP 的雪 一下方紅線），毋須影響 HCFC-123 及其他低 ODP 物質，
種， 等 於 剔 除 採 用 R-123 的 可 能， 因 為 R-123 屬 於 一 種 直至逐步淘汰的終點。
HCFC， 即 使 其 ODP 值 僅 低 至 0.012。 如 此 一 來 ， 不 但
會放棄上述大量減低「間接排放」
（即能耗有關的二氧化碳 雖然是次會議結果對發展中國家的最新淘汰時間表作出大
排 放 ）的 機 會， 更 會加劇直接排放，因為 R-134a 是一種 幅削減（見圖二灰色部分），中國中央政府環保總局的新大
HFC 溫室氣體，其全球變暖潛力（GWP）比 R-123 高出 17 樓還是採用特靈的 R-123 製冷機，皆因其卓越的能源效益
倍，並需要在較高壓的離心式製冷機運作，而排放率亦較 以及超低雪種洩漏率，由於低壓運行。對於香港政府堅守
b
R-123 高 4 倍 。從綜合環境評核角度來看，R-123 無疑勝 「零 ODP」的舊標準而錯過減少 30,000 噸二氧化碳排放的機
過 R-134a。過往我們亦探討了不少科學證據，支持這個 會，我實在百思不得其解！
2007 MP Change
2007年的條約變更
90%-2015
Million ODP Kilograms 百萬ODP公斤
Fig.2: Montreal Protocol (MP)
HCFC Consumption Cap
for Article 5 (Developing)
countries
圖二：蒙特利爾條約對
第五條款（發展中）國家之
HCFC消費限額
2009-2010 Baseline
established (was 2015)
2009-2010年定立基準線
（原本是2015年）
2005
65%-2020
2013 Freeze point
(was 2015)
2013年開始凍結
（原本於2016年）
32.5%-2025
Phase out of HCFC
use in new equipment (was 2040)
分階段停用HCFC於新器材
（原本於2040年）
2010
2015
2020
2025
2.5% - Service Tail
維修使用
2030
2035
2040
* Estimate based on simple equivalent full load hours for office building.
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
= SS P318-Tamar, Section BS2 – Special Design Requirements.
b According to LEED-NC version 2.2 green building rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council, the annual lead rate of R-134a chillers is 2% and that of Trane R-123
chillers is only 0.5%.
Calm, J.M. 2007. “Centrifugal chiller efficiency – benefits beyond reduced operating costs”, Act on Climate Change – Now or Never – Proceedings of the
International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC, Hong Kong, 29-31 May 2007), paper ICCC-080.
2
Yu, P.C.H. "Re-thinking of HFC-134a", Trane Hong Kong newsletter, October 2006, pp. 6-8.
3
USGBC. 2006. LEED for New Construction, version 2.2. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington D.C., USA.
4
GBCA. 2007. Green Star environmental rating system for buildings, version 3.0. Green Building Council of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
5
Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. 2008. Green Mark for Air-conditioned Buildings, version 3.0.
6
HK-BEAM Society. 2004. Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method for New Buildings, version 4/04.
7
UNEP. 2007. “Decision XIX/F: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)” Decisions Adopted
by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. http://ozone.unep.org/
1
RTWD Water Cooled Screw Chiller
RTWD 水冷螺杆式製冷機組
To meet the market demand, Trane has
specially launched the RTWD series of
water cooled screw chiller manufactured
in China, with cooling capacity from 70
to 250 tons using R134a refrigerant. The
chiller uses compressor and starter panel
directly imported from the U.S., therefore
is more reliable and has a wider range of
operating temperatures. Equipped with
the newly improved CH530 control panel,
it is one of the best choices in the market.
為滿足市場的廣泛需求，特靈特別推出
了中國製造的 RTWD 系列水冷螺杆式製
冷機組。冷量由 70 至 250 冷噸，使用
R134a 冷媒。機組使用美國原裝進口
壓縮機及起動製箱，可靠性高及有較大
的運行溫度範圍，配合新改良的 CH530
電子控制板使用，是現今市場其中一個
最佳選擇。
AerisGuard Corrosion Protection
AerisGuard 防腐塗層
AerisGuard Maintenance Corrosion Protection (AerisCoat) provides
comprehensive protection for coils of heat exchanger against corrosion or
oxidation. Through extensive long term field testing, AerisCoat has proven to
offer up to 5 years protection for onsite application.
AerisCoat is newly represented by Hong Kong Air-conditioning Parts Centre
and now available with stock on hand.
AerisGuard 防腐塗層為香港冷氣配件中心新增代理產品，備有現貨供應。
AerisGuard Application – Steps
Clean
Treat
Protect
TraneNewsletter MAY • 2008
具保護效能的 AerisGuard 防腐塗層，能防止熱交換器內的盤管因接觸空氣或水
份而受到侵蝕或氧化。此產品已通過多項嚴格測試，在工地環境的有效期可長達
5 年。
Carrefour’s First Two Energy
Efficiency Stores in China
家樂福首兩家節能商店於中國開業
Mega department chain store Carrefour has opened
two new stores in Wuhan and Beijing respectively
in January. Trane provided all the air-conditioning
systems for these two energy efficiency stores
and was invited to attend the opening ceremony.
Also, Trane organized a promotional activity entitled
“Energy Saving in My Home” at Carrefour, showing
the highly energy-efficient EarthWiseTM system used
by these two stores and the advanced integrated
control system. Senior management from Carrefour,
Consulate from the French embassy, representatives
from World Wild Fund and related government
officials were present. The air-conditioning system
also includes a remote controlled energy management
system specially designed for Carrefour. Through this
system, the central monitoring and operating centre of
Carrefour in Shanghai can control the operation of airconditioning systems at all its outlets. Trane is proud
to be appointed by Carrefour as the official supplier
in air-conditioning and management systems for all
its new stores in China, and to provide energy saving
improvement services for its existing stores.
大型連鎖百貨商店家樂福兩間分別位於武漢和北京的節
能商店已於本年 1 月開業。特靈為該兩間節能商店提供
全套空調系統，並獲邀參加新店的開幕儀式。同時特靈
在家樂福舉辦「節能在我‘家’」宣傳活動，展示兩間商
店所採用的高效節能 EarthWiseTM 系統及先進的集成控
制系統。家樂福高層領導、法國領事館領事、世界自然
基金會的代表及相關政府領導均到場參觀。
整套空調系統還包括為家樂福設計的遠端控制的能源管
理系統。藉著此系統，位於上海的家樂福中央控制營運
中心便可監控各門店的空調系統運作。特靈已被指定為
家樂福於中國所有新店空調設備及自控系統的供應商；
並為現有店舖提供節能改善服務。
Trane Taiwan Won Outstanding Facility Supplier Award
特靈台灣獲頒傑出供應商獎
TraneNewsletter 10 MAY • 2008
Trane Taiwan just won the Outstanding Facility
Supplier Award by United Microelectronics
Corporation (UMC) recently for its quality products
and technical support. After using the facilities
provided by Trane, UMC saved an impressive
US$2.5 million in operating cost between the
second half of 2006 and 2007. UMC is the first
listed semi-conductor company in Taiwan, and has
12,000 employees all over the world.
特靈台灣最近獲聯華電子公司頒發傑出供應商獎
項，以肯定特靈所提供的優質產品及技術支援。該
公司採用特靈設備後，相關營運成本在 2006 年下半
年至 2007 年期間共節省了 250 萬美元，成績令人鼓
舞。 聯華電子是台灣第一家上市的半導體公司，全
球員工約有 12,000 名。
New Manufacturing
Facility in Thailand
泰國新建廠房
Prevention of
Legionnaires’ Disease
Committee
預防退伍軍人症委員會
Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director,
is renewed by Development Bureau
as a member of the Prevention of
Legionnaires’ Disease Committee.
The three-year tenure started from
November 2007.
業務董事陳家龍先生再次獲發展
局委任為預防退伍軍人症委員會
之委員。三年的委任期由 2007
年 11 月中開始。
Trane and Jardine executives at the new factory.
特靈及怡和機器的管理層攝於新廠房。
特靈及怡和集團在曼谷附近開設的全新高科技製
造廠房，已於 3 月 12 日正式開幕。特靈及怡和
機器的管理層、泰國政府官員、客戶、經銷商及
供應商等均有出席開幕儀式。新廠房主要生產住
宅及商用空調機組，以應付亞太地區、拉丁美
洲、歐洲及中東等市場的龐大需求。廠房設有產
品研發實驗室及完善的檢測設施。除此以外，更
設有培訓中心，為客戶、經銷商及業務夥伴提供
一個技術交流和分享經驗的平台。
Annual Dinner 週年春茗
Trane held the annual dinner in early February at the City
Hall. Over 200 staff put their work aside and participated
this fun-filled occasion. They enjoyed a sumptuous dinner
and had a great time together. Our infamous "Sister Chu"
received the grand prize from Mr. K. K. Leung, Director
and General Manager, with a big, cheerful smile.
特靈於今年 2 月初假香港大會堂舉行春茗，出席員工逾二百
人。同事們暫且放下日間繁重的工作，大家聚首一堂，享
用豐富的晚餐。眾人認識的‘珠姐’從董事及總經理梁基強
先生手上接過大獎，笑逐顏開。
TraneNewsletter 11 MAY • 2008
The new high-tech manufacturing facility near
Bangkok, Thailand by Trane and Jardines was
officially open on 12 March. The management
from Trane and Jardine Engineering,
government officials of Thailand, customers,
dealers and suppliers were present at the
opening ceremony. The new facility mainly
produces household and commercial air
conditioning units to meet the huge demand
from markets in Asia Pacific, Latin America,
Europe and Middle East. The plant has a
product development laboratory and stateof-the-art inspection facilities. Also, it has a
training centre to provide a technical exchange
and experience sharing platform for customers,
dealers and business partners.
Re-structure of Sales Departments
重組銷售部門
To be in-line with the current business environment and
explore new opportunities, Trane Hong Kong started
restructuring the Sales Departments in January this year.
Newly created departments include Strategic Account
Department, which is responsible for unitary products for
new buildings in Hong Kong and overseas joint projects
in Macau, China and other countries, while the Energy
Solution Department mainly provides system update and
energy solutions for customers. Existing Buildings Market
Department, New Buildings Market Department and Trane
Controls Department will continue their sales services as
before.
為配合現時的營商環境及尋找更多商機，特靈香港於今年
1 月開始重組銷售部門。新成立的大客戶部主力負責香港
新建樓宇的單元式產品及海外合作工程項目，當中包括澳
門、中國及其他海外地區。而節能部主要為客戶提供更新
系統及能源解決方案。以往的屋宇設備更新部、屋宇設備
部及屋宇自控部將繼續提供以往的銷售服務。
New Organization Chart of
Trane Hong Kong
Mr. K.L. Chan
Operations Director
Mr. Victor Wong
Senior Manager
New Buildings
Market Department
Trane Controls
Department
Builtech Asia 2008
亞洲建築科技 2008
TraneNewsletter 12 MAY • 2008
Mr. Peter Lau, Senior Manager of System
Applications, Trane Asia Pacific, was
invited as a guest speaker at Builtech
Asia 2008 seminar with the topic of
”I n t e g r a t i n g H V A C i n t o B u i l d i n g
Systems”. The seminar was aimed at
providing the latest technical knowledge
on bui ldings , audience was mainly
from project consultancy companies,
developers, government departments and
contractors.
特靈亞太區系統應用高級經理劉子健先
生，獲邀請為亞洲建築科技 2008 研討會
主講嘉賓；演講主題為暖通空調系統應用
在屋宇系統上。是次研討會主要向業界提
供最新樓宇建築的科技知識。 出席聽眾包
括來自工程顧問公司、發展商、政府部門
及承建商等。
Mr. Albert Lo
Senior Manager
Strategic Account
Department
Mr. Y. S. Tam
Senior Manager
Existing Buildings
Market Department
Energy Solution
Department
Service First
Workshop
服務第一研討營
To enhance staff’s service and team
spirit, we have arranged a Service
First Workshop on 5 and 6 of March
at the Gold Coast Hotel, Tuen Mun.
Through different interesting games
and vivid presentations, everyone has
commanded a good knowledge of the
importance of service first and team
spirit.
為加強員工的服務第一及團隊精神，我
們特別於3月5日及6日於屯門黃金海
岸酒店舉辦了一個服務第一研討營。各
人透過遊戲及深入淺出的講解，認識到
服務第一和團隊精神的重要性。
HKIE Fellow Member
香港工程師學會資深會員
業務董事陳偉平先生於今年 1 月獲香港工程師學會推選
為資深會員。陳先生擁有超過二十年工程及建造業的豐
富經驗，並持有香港大學機械工程學士及碩士學位及多
個專業資格；當中包括註冊專業工程師、英國及澳洲特
許工程師及認可能源經理。陳先生現時擔任香港工程師
學會屋宇裝備分部之榮譽秘書及香港能源服務協會之董
事。此外，他同時獲香港特區政府委任為承建商註冊事
務委員團及委員會之委員及香港學術評審局委任為行業
及學科專家。
Old Faces
昔日面孔
Mr. K. K. Leung, Director, and Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations
Director, had a warm reunion with Mr. Hans Rueschmann
(third left), former Vice President of Unitary Product,
Trane Asia Pacific, and Mr. Tony Chow (fourth left),
former Director & General Manager of Jardine Trane
Airconditioning recently. Mr. Hans has retired for years
and is very active in voluntary church services, while Mr.
Chow is enjoying his retirement life in Shanghai now.
董事梁基強先生及業務董事陳家龍先生於 2 月下旬，與前特
靈亞太區單元式產品副總裁 Mr. Hans Rueschmann（左三）
及前怡和特靈董事兼總經理周榮光先生（左四）相聚一番，
閒話當年。Mr. Hans 退休多年，近年為教會擔任義務工作。
而周先生近年長居上海，享受其寫意的退休生活。
TraneNewsletter 13 MAY • 2008
Mr. Frankie Chan, Operations
Director, was appointed by HK
Institute of Engineers as Fellow
Member in January this year.
Mr. Chan has over 20 years
of experience in the field of
engineering and construction, and
holds a bachelor and a master’s
degree in mechanical engineering
from Hong Kong University, as
well as many other professional
qualifications, including
Registered Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer
(UK & Australia) and Certified Energy Manager. Mr.
Chan is now the Honorary Secretary of the Building
Services Division of HKIE and a Director of HAESCO.
He is also appointed by the HKSAR as a member of
the Contractors Registration Committee Panel and
the Contractors Registration Committee, as well as a
Sector / Subject Specialist for the Hong Kong Council
for Academic Accreditation.
Mr. K. K. Leung, Director,
presented the platinum
award to Mr. Kelly Chow
(right) of Dah Fung
Service.
董事梁基強先生頒發傑出銷
售大獎予大豐空調服務的周
家德先生(右)。
Dealer Meeting 2008
2008 年經銷商晚會
Trane Dealer Meeting 2008 was held on 10
March 2008 at City Garden Hotel, North Point.
Dealer excellence awards were also presented
to praise their outstanding sales performance
in 2006 and 2007 by Mr. K. K. Leung, Director
and Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director. An
exciting series of upcoming dealer activities
were unveiled that night, which included
the factory visit to Zhongshan plant, product
presentation and technical training.
There are 12 dealers received outstanding
sales awards for their dedication and support
to Trane for the past two years, they include:
特靈經銷商晚會於 3 月 10 日假北角城市花園酒
店舉行，是晚由董事梁基強先生及業務董事陳
家龍先生頒發經銷商傑出銷售獎項，以表揚特
靈經銷商於 2006 及 2007 年期間的傑出銷售成
績。晚會期間，我們向經銷商介紹來年的經銷
商活動，包括參觀中山廠房、產品簡介及技術
培訓。
今年共有 12 位經銷商獲頒發傑出銷售獎項，以
表揚及感謝他們在過去兩年的銷售年度，對特
靈的大力支持。得獎名單如右：
Platinum Award 傑出銷售大獎
Dah Fung Service 大豐空調服務
Golden Award 傑出銷售金獎
Arnlee Air-Conditioning Ltd. 安利冷氣工程有限公司
Associated HVAC Contracting Co., Ltd. 華聯冷氣工程有限公司
Jeff Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. 捷富冷氣有限公司
Lightben Ltd. 耀初有限公司
Quota Breaker 傑出銷售獎
Easiplus Engineering Ltd. 怡豐工程有限公司
Honest Air-conditioning Ltd. 明發冷氣有限公司
Kervin Engineering Co., Ltd. 樂信工程有限公司
Kings View Airconditioning Engineering Co., Ltd. 景匯空調工程維修有限公司
SilverTech E & M Engineering Co., Ltd. 銀科機電工程有限公司
TJ Engineering Services Ltd.
Westco Chinney Ltd. 威高建業有限公司
TraneNewsletter 14 MAY • 2008
All dealers and Trane management took a group photo to commemorate the occasion.
所有經銷商與特靈管理層齊齊來一張大合照，以作留念。
MTR Stations Project
港鐵站工程項目
MTR Corporation plans to upgrade the air conditioning
system of its stations gradually. Eleven water cooled
and air cooled chillers with a total of 3,025 tons will
be replaced and installed in 4 of the stations and the
Kowloon Bay depot. The project is expected to take
2 years and be completed by July 2009.
港鐵近年逐步為車站更新空調設備，其中四個車站及
九龍灣車廠將分階段更換及安裝 11 台共 3,025 冷噸水
冷及風冷式製冷機組。該工程預計需時兩年，於 2009
年 7 月完成。
Kornhill Apartments
康蘭居
Kornhill Apartments in Island
East is a service apartment with
450 rooms. Trane is installing a
water cooled centrifugal chiller
with 800 tons there. The project
is estimated to finish by mid
2008.
位於港島東的康蘭居，是一所擁
有 450 間房間的服務式寓所。特
靈為該大廈更換 1 台 800 冷噸的
水冷離心式製冷機組。預計今年
年中完工。
Trane is working on an electric mechanical improvement project for
the 27-year old United Centre in Admiralty. The project includes
changing the air handling units, repairing chillers and changing
the sprinkler system for
the entire building. The
project will be completed
by end of June.
位於金鐘的統一中心已有
27 年歷史，特靈為此中心
提供機電改善工程。工程
主要為全幢大廈更換空氣
處理機組、維修製冷機及
更換消防灑水系統。整項
工程將於 6 月尾完工。
TraneNewsletter 15 MAY • 2008
United Centre 統一中心
Long Service Award | 長期服務獎
Many colleagues have dedicated their services to Trane
for 10, 15 and 20 years, and the management presented
a special award to each one of them as an appreciation
for their contribution over the years.
多位同事分別在特靈工作逾十年、十五年及二十年。管理
層特別代表公司頒發服務獎予各同事，以表揚他們多年來
對公司所作出的貢獻。從服務年期及獲頒獎人數，反映員
工對公司甚有歸屬感。
Mr. James Graham (left), Chief Executive of Jardine Engineering
Corporation, presented the 20 Years Service Award to Mr. K. L.
Chan (right), Operations Director of Trane Hong Kong in JEC Spring
Dinner.
怡和機器有限公司行政總裁關正仕先生(左)於怡和機器春茗晚宴上，頒發
二十年服務獎予特靈香港業務董事陳家龍先生(右)。
Staff Promotions | 員工晉升
Congratulations to the following staff on their
promotions! Wish them more success in their new
appointments.
恭喜以下同事獲擢升，在此祝他們平步青雲。
Happy Wedding | 新婚之喜
Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Yu tied their
knot on 28 December 2007. Our
warmest wishes for their love to last forever!
恭喜余堅成夫婦於 2007 年 12 月 28 日新婚之喜。
TraneNewsletter 16 MAY • 2008
From left: Mr. K. M. Lun (Manager), Mr. Tom Cheung (Assistant
Manager) and Mr. C. W. Chau (Senior Engineer)
左起：倫健文先生（經理）、張景威先生（助理經理）及周頌威先生（高級
工程師）
New Kid | 喜獲麟兒
Congratulations to Mr. Zeno
Wong for his newborn baby boy!
恭喜王仕明先生最近喜獲麟兒。
