Values
Content
Value-oriented holistic approach
VALUE
ORIENTED
HOLISTIC
MANAGEMENT
The most valuable human possessions are health, harmony, happiness, wisdom, and above all character reflecting ethical and human values. When these values are manifested in your thoughts, speech and actions, you are called a noble and enlightened person. As we think sincerely and constantly we become. Our actions and behaviour reflect our ideas and feelings. We work not for name, fame, money, power and status but for greater worth, for cultivating values, for building up strong character, for wisdom so that our intrinsic values enhances. True greatness is not measured by tangible or extrinsic values such as name fame, etc. but always greatness in life is to be pure, kind, true, selfless. Health is more important than wealth. Character is most important than money.
VAL UE S:
Human and ethical values constitute the wealth of characters. Values express dharma or divine nature as understood in the East, particularly in the Indian ethos and insight and the ideas of integrity as understood in the West. In tegrit y: Integrity is wholeness, goodness, courage, and self-discipline to live by your inner truth.
Wholeness: Wholeness implies totality, soundness, perfection and completeness. In the West, spirit in Wholeness is given only a slight reference. It is nearly forgotten. In all of ours heart’s chamber lives the unworshipped God. We are not aware of the divine presence within thought the divine is constantly looking at the person. Our ego has become the pretended ruler. Ego is the false notion of our mind, because it is ignorant of the reality. Goodness: It covers all essential values such as honesty, morality, kindness, fairness, charity, truthfulness, generosity etc. we need goodness
-1-
Value-oriented holistic approach in our thoughts, our speeches, and our actions. ‘Be Good. Do Good’ leads to purification of thoughts, talks and actions associated with good thoughts. Good things do not happen easily. You have to make them happen.
Courage: In the world of management, courage points out acts of bravery, e.g. deciding not to conceal something one knows, and needs to be expressed openly. Courage is telling the truth in the face of danger. You have the guts to go ahead, do something which is risky. Self-discipline: Self-discipline and self-control indicates that the soul is the boss who takes control of the mind and directs the mind and the senses to move on the journey to reach the goal known to the master. When the soul, the individual consciousness, wakes up, we have selfdiscipline and self-control to deal with life. The quality of life will now be different. That quality of life will give you greater harmony, happiness and moderation. Please remember that we need discipline and courage together to reach our objectives in time. Living by Inner Truth: Living by inner truth or by inner mind, which is the right instrument within us but which is not known to us unless we go within, may be regarded as the last ingredient of integrity. It is the most important of all.
Inner mind or truth communicates through faint whispers, intuitive thoughts, feeling buried deep within us. Each one of us possesses this fine instrument and has the capacity to call it forth. We need practice to tap this cache. It is rediscovery of one’s subtle but true awareness which generally lies in the secret hiding place. We must turn inwards to interact with our inner mind and live by inner truth as per its adesh or direction. The voice of inner mind can be heard only in silence. To live by inner truth at work amounts to remain yourself incorruptible, clean and inviolable in this world, which at present is invaded by total crisis oh human and ethical values. In the business world we have kickbacks, double dealings, shady behavior and all forms of corruption and fraudulent dealings. Corruption is world-wide. Let your mind be ruled and guided by your Conscience.
-2-
Value-oriented holistic approach
Dharma Dharma is the law of right living the observance of which secures the double object of happiness in your own life and also the happiness in life of others. It stands for all those ideals, purposes, influences, institutions, and the ways of life and conduct that shapes the character and evolution of man both as an individual and as member of the society. Dharma is the Indian Concept almost synonymous with integrity. However it has a wider scope. It includes openly spirit, righteousness (godliness) and fearlessness. Let us review these three divine elements.
Spirit: Man is the soul. He is essentially divine. Dharma directly evolves from spirit. Integrity seems to shy away from it. There is no shyness regarding spirituality in dharma. Dharma is spirit in Indian Ethos. The Western society is secularized. Indian society has a happy union between spiritualism and materialism. Although integrity honours all moral values, it gives only lips sympathy to the spirit through the notion of wholeness. Integrity defines wholeness leaving out spirit. It is the spirit which can bring out a true sense of wholeness. It is the spirit which makes us whole (Poornatva)
The inclusion of dharma is like rediscovering a vacant upstairs’ room in one’s heart chamber. The spirit, our boss, lives there. We imagine that spirit is not within us and the upper floor seems to be empty. . Indian ethos openly recognizes the spirit as our boss and declares ‘Do right, do good, and be good’ and the whole chamber of our heart shines with the Light of Consciousness.
Righteousness: Dharma demands right action. Do the right thing. In dharma, not mere action but rightness is given great emphasis. Fearlessness: integrity means courage. Dharma stresses fearlessness. When the divine is present within you and you experience his presence, what is there that can touch you or whom you need fear when He is
-3-
Value-oriented holistic approach offering His protection to you? Even a little of His awareness will carry you through all risks and uncertainties. Remember that the Divine Touch is enough to convert difficulties into opportunities. Of course, you should know the truth about yourself. Dharma is the inner law of one’s life. Follow your Dharma and it will protect you or stand by you. We have to comply with our own dharma. Nobody has ever violated dharma without ultimately courting disaster. Adharma ultimately brings certain irremediable fall. Each one has his/her own Dharma. The idea of an individual’s own dharma is the insight that shines through Indian insight. The moment we are unconscious or ignore that inner law, our life is paralysed. We feel isolated. Or degeneration is sure. No wonder we feel missing and incomplete. Dharma is ethics and spiritualism combined.
MOR AL AND E TH ICAL VALU ES
The mental contents of a good person are called moral and ethical values. This is also called Daivi sampati or divine qualities. Values are also called gunas. Some of the values are: Fearlessness Courage Purity of mind and heart Integration of thought, action and behavior Generosity Non-violence Modesty Humility Integrity Charity Loyalty Calmness
-4-
Value-oriented holistic approach A manager/worker with these values can mobilize his energies as well as of those around him and canalize in to productive purposes to accomplish greater tasks. The proof of sincerity and seriousness is a strong emphasis on integrity of character in a job. A man might have too little knowledge, perform poorly, lack judgement or analytical ability and yet may not do much harm. But a man who lacks character and integrity may cause much greater harm. E.g. A salesman who does not possess good communication/ negotiating skills may at the most cause low sales. But a salesman who makes tall claims, false promises with regards to the product will cause disrepute the organization; which will be fatal to the company in the long run.
SIG NIF IC AN CE OF VAL UE S
Our effectiveness at work depends on our moral and ethical values. These human values support established business values such as service, communication, excellence, credibility, and innovation etc. these human values help self-development. Even the managerial functions of direction, control, supervision etc become much easier, thus leading to goodwill and harmony in the organization. We need to look at success with a holistic view. Outer fulfillment must be combined with inner fulfillment. Inner fulfillment relates to our spiritual, mental and emotional enrichment. While the outer achievement concerns meeting set targets, using your talents to the fullest extent etc. One would be very pleased at being appointed as the CEO or MD of a company but if you cannot spare time for your family or can’t enjoy a peaceful Sunday with your kids then your success is not complete.
GO LDE N RU LE OF ET HIC S
Earlier, the business community and society at large neglected ethics. But over the years people have realized its importance for the welfare of an organization. The golden rules, which find its mention in the Bible, are:
-5-
Value-oriented holistic approach Everything you want others to do to you, you shall do to others. Do not do to others that which you do not wish them to do to you. Do not do anything that if done to you, would cause harm to you. In a nutshell, treat others, as you would like to be treated. So if you do not want to be spoken to rudely then you must not speak rudely. So if don’t want to use flawed goods you must also refrain from adulteration.
VAL UE S AN D SKILL S
Values help us to ‘become’ while we need skills to ‘do’. Values act as a base for the skills and hence preceed skills in their importance. Values are internal –deal with purity of mind and soul. While skills are external – deal with functioning well at job. Values bring about universal good (software aspect). Skills bring about achievement of tasks (hardware aspect). Values are enduring and do not change with time. But skills have to be updated regularly and change with passage of time. E.g. Excellent service to the customer may be a value of the company. Personal visits may be the method used by the company. With the advent of technology, the company may use personalized e-mails etc. here the skill is changing but the service orientation (value) remains constant.
VAL UE S AN D THE WORK PL ACE
The modern world has brought about many developments at the workplace. This has lead to a lot of comforts, luxuries and money in the hands of people. But it has also lead to moral, ethical and spiritual degeneration. Enterprises worldwide have been disregarding the importance of values. Cheating, corruption and malpractices are rampant in the companies. Fortunately we are gradually awakening to redeem ourselves. More and more corporate are awakening to the fact that it is not necessary to indulge in malpractices to make money. Illustrious men like Narayan
-6-
Value-oriented holistic approach Murthy are setting examples that ethical management practices can yield results. Infact, even today when we think of great people like Jamshedji Tata we do not associate him only with his steel plant but the entire township of Jamshednagar and the various Tata hospitals. Values and ethics must be an integral part of management and work culture. We have created unwanted stress and unrest in the society. An organization that cares for its people cannot ignore such unhealthy developments and must take steps to see to it that our value system is in place.
HU MAN R ES PON SE M AN AG EMEN T
People constitute the greatest dynamic inputs in any organization. They are the center and must be regarded as the vital and integral part of organization. Every individual is the representation of a divine essence. People should be developed not only in skills but also in moral, ethical and spiritual values. Morality and rationality are combined at the same time in HRD.
WHY DO WE MA NA GEME NT ?
NEE D
VAL UE -B AS ED
HOLI ST IC
Let us see two examples to prove that value-based holistic management is essential and there is no choice: 1. Ma n machine equation:
In the earlier times man was treated as any machine in the organisation, who could be hired and fired whenever the owners felt. Their feelings and emotions were nil for the organisation. It is due to Behavioral Scientists that this situation has considerably improved. Today there are various concepts like Performance Appraisal, Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Job Rotation, etc which draw a line of difference between a man and a machine. Value-oriented management will recognize the divine model of man. This will surely help in eliminating the man machine equation. Human values for managers will honour the core of humanness and bring about
-7-
Value-oriented holistic approach harmony and balance between values as ends. We will evolve a judicious combination between values and skills.
2. Pre ven tion of explo
itation of mother nature:
Science and technology brought about phenomenal industrialization at the cost of indiscriminate and ruthless exploitation of Nature. It is wrongly assumed that man is having a birthright to draw on resources supplied by nature at his will. Under the holistic approach man and Nature are deeply interconnected and interdependent. Hence, there is no right to exploit Nature for purely selfish motives. As one man exploiting another man is bad so is exploiting Mother Nature bad. Many organisations knowingly and unknowingly pollute the environment. Value-based holistic management alone can prevent this exploitation of Mother Nature.
VAL UE DR IV EN M AN AG EME NT :
Effectiveness in performance of managers and workers is a function of values and skills together. A good manager has strength in both values and skills. We have management by consciousness. The purity of mind and heart guides the reasoning and intellect in all managerial functions particularly in HRM. Every effort must be made by the top management in the organization to inculcate values. Values relate to the internal domain of business i.e. interactions with employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, public, etc. In the corporate mission or creed we describe values, vision, goals and objectives cherished by the organization. Values should be an integral part of corporate mission, objectives. They should be expressly mentioned in the mission document. Valueorientation must be a program-based activity. It is a long-term activity with the constant follow-up and motivation through management support.
-8-
Value-oriented holistic approach The members of the management team and the union leaders of workers must be regularly exposed to spiritualization, satsang of spiritual leaders, seminars and workshops, meditation, introspection, common prayers, etc. the organization should inculcate the spirit of giving rather than taking in the work life. The individuals are encouraged to subdue their ego, overcome to some extent selfishness, anger, jealousy, greediness, hatred, partiality and such other undivine elements. The employees must strive internal developments rather than only specialize in skills and proficiency. They should sharpen their mind and intellect. Purer heart and mind would influence and sustain enduring values as a basis for improved effectiveness in the organization. Let us note that success of Japan is based on values familiar to Indians, using spiritual education and practices, example concentration, meditation, lectures of spiritual leaders, mind stilling, intuition, etc., to neutralize the evil effects of reckless industrialization and to synthesize the human values into management and organization. Japan has combined spiritualism and materialism and adopted value driven holistic approach in management and organization. Let the global management adopt this.
IND IA N CULT UR E A ND WI SD OM
The long term viability and progress or the sustainable all round development of a nation depend not so much on its material, ecological or technological resources but primarily in its human resources having ample potential energies- spiritual and psychological resources of our people. The greatest of the spiritual and psychological resources of any nation are its people who are conveniently forgotten or ignored. The essential and enduring part of a collective being or a nation is not its economics, commerce, ecology or politics which form only its outer body but its Insight, Ethos and Culture, which are the expression of its Mind and Soul. Just as the outer material and economic progress and well-being of a nation depends on a scientific preservation and harnessing of the material and biological resources of its ecological heritage; the inner evolution and progress of a nation depends on the enlightened preservation and harnessing of its human and cultural heritage. Fortunately, in India we
-9-
Value-oriented holistic approach have the immense potential of our insight, and culture for motivating, managing and leading our abundant human resources.
THE
ETH IC AL AN D SPI RI TU AL VALU ES : The Driving
force for Achieving Excellence
There are two levels of human consciousness: Lower consciousness operating through our five senses in contact with the external world. This is also called the lower mind. Higher consciousness or higher mind which is the door to get the vision of the spirit or pure consciousness. This is also called the inner mind. We are in touch with this inner mind only in silence. It can commune with the Divine within us. It can hear the small voice in the form of inspiration, or intuitive purified mind. Traditional methods of purification of mind/heart are: Karma Yoga Bhakti Yoga Jnan Yoga Raja Yoga
METHODS OF HEART/MIND
P URIFICAT ION
Managerial Effectiveness
Value Orientation
Pure Mind
Jnana Yoga
Raja Yoga
Bhakti Yoga
Karma Yoga
- 10 -
Value-oriented holistic approach
The above chart indicates the four purification. Jnan Yoga- Path of knowledge Raja Yoga- Path of Mind Control Bhakti Yoga- Path of Devotion Karma Yoga- Path of Action
traditional
methods of mind
All these help to develop a pure mind. Pure mind is the origin of all values. Values emerge only from a purified mind i.e. from the inner mind or higher consciousness. This is a key factor for managerial effectiveness. ]
CO NCL US IO N
We are living in a world of unprecedented change. Development of science and technology is in turn forcing social, economic and political institutions everywhere all over the world to promptly adjust and adapt to the fast changing environment. We cannot disown the use of modern science and technology to improve the human life in India. But the question has to be raised that whether human life can be improved by science and technology if yes than up to what extent. Human life is not a machine; it has a consciousness and sensitivity. Modern science can only give materialistic satisfaction but not the inner satisfaction and not the piece of mind. In today’s world the life has become much more complex. Human life needs to nurture with love affections. An organization cannot succeed, a society cannot succeed, and a nation cannot succeed in absence of development of human life. Technology has its own limitation, pros and cons. Today the foremost challenge lies in the not controlling the human resource but let the human resource be so conscious that it controls it self, its activities and utmost thing is that they themselves should realize what is right or wrong for them, their society and organization. We need
- 11 -
Value-oriented holistic approach to invoke the consciousness of human being that a technology and science can’t do. The growth has to be internal as well as external. It is very sorry to state that today people are running behind the luxury things, they have become much more possessive in nature. Organization can import technology and can develop technology but they cannot import a self conscious and spiritual human being. They have to develop and it is a challenge for them.
- 12 -
VALUE
ORIENTED
HOLISTIC
MANAGEMENT
The most valuable human possessions are health, harmony, happiness, wisdom, and above all character reflecting ethical and human values. When these values are manifested in your thoughts, speech and actions, you are called a noble and enlightened person. As we think sincerely and constantly we become. Our actions and behaviour reflect our ideas and feelings. We work not for name, fame, money, power and status but for greater worth, for cultivating values, for building up strong character, for wisdom so that our intrinsic values enhances. True greatness is not measured by tangible or extrinsic values such as name fame, etc. but always greatness in life is to be pure, kind, true, selfless. Health is more important than wealth. Character is most important than money.
VAL UE S:
Human and ethical values constitute the wealth of characters. Values express dharma or divine nature as understood in the East, particularly in the Indian ethos and insight and the ideas of integrity as understood in the West. In tegrit y: Integrity is wholeness, goodness, courage, and self-discipline to live by your inner truth.
Wholeness: Wholeness implies totality, soundness, perfection and completeness. In the West, spirit in Wholeness is given only a slight reference. It is nearly forgotten. In all of ours heart’s chamber lives the unworshipped God. We are not aware of the divine presence within thought the divine is constantly looking at the person. Our ego has become the pretended ruler. Ego is the false notion of our mind, because it is ignorant of the reality. Goodness: It covers all essential values such as honesty, morality, kindness, fairness, charity, truthfulness, generosity etc. we need goodness
-1-
Value-oriented holistic approach in our thoughts, our speeches, and our actions. ‘Be Good. Do Good’ leads to purification of thoughts, talks and actions associated with good thoughts. Good things do not happen easily. You have to make them happen.
Courage: In the world of management, courage points out acts of bravery, e.g. deciding not to conceal something one knows, and needs to be expressed openly. Courage is telling the truth in the face of danger. You have the guts to go ahead, do something which is risky. Self-discipline: Self-discipline and self-control indicates that the soul is the boss who takes control of the mind and directs the mind and the senses to move on the journey to reach the goal known to the master. When the soul, the individual consciousness, wakes up, we have selfdiscipline and self-control to deal with life. The quality of life will now be different. That quality of life will give you greater harmony, happiness and moderation. Please remember that we need discipline and courage together to reach our objectives in time. Living by Inner Truth: Living by inner truth or by inner mind, which is the right instrument within us but which is not known to us unless we go within, may be regarded as the last ingredient of integrity. It is the most important of all.
Inner mind or truth communicates through faint whispers, intuitive thoughts, feeling buried deep within us. Each one of us possesses this fine instrument and has the capacity to call it forth. We need practice to tap this cache. It is rediscovery of one’s subtle but true awareness which generally lies in the secret hiding place. We must turn inwards to interact with our inner mind and live by inner truth as per its adesh or direction. The voice of inner mind can be heard only in silence. To live by inner truth at work amounts to remain yourself incorruptible, clean and inviolable in this world, which at present is invaded by total crisis oh human and ethical values. In the business world we have kickbacks, double dealings, shady behavior and all forms of corruption and fraudulent dealings. Corruption is world-wide. Let your mind be ruled and guided by your Conscience.
-2-
Value-oriented holistic approach
Dharma Dharma is the law of right living the observance of which secures the double object of happiness in your own life and also the happiness in life of others. It stands for all those ideals, purposes, influences, institutions, and the ways of life and conduct that shapes the character and evolution of man both as an individual and as member of the society. Dharma is the Indian Concept almost synonymous with integrity. However it has a wider scope. It includes openly spirit, righteousness (godliness) and fearlessness. Let us review these three divine elements.
Spirit: Man is the soul. He is essentially divine. Dharma directly evolves from spirit. Integrity seems to shy away from it. There is no shyness regarding spirituality in dharma. Dharma is spirit in Indian Ethos. The Western society is secularized. Indian society has a happy union between spiritualism and materialism. Although integrity honours all moral values, it gives only lips sympathy to the spirit through the notion of wholeness. Integrity defines wholeness leaving out spirit. It is the spirit which can bring out a true sense of wholeness. It is the spirit which makes us whole (Poornatva)
The inclusion of dharma is like rediscovering a vacant upstairs’ room in one’s heart chamber. The spirit, our boss, lives there. We imagine that spirit is not within us and the upper floor seems to be empty. . Indian ethos openly recognizes the spirit as our boss and declares ‘Do right, do good, and be good’ and the whole chamber of our heart shines with the Light of Consciousness.
Righteousness: Dharma demands right action. Do the right thing. In dharma, not mere action but rightness is given great emphasis. Fearlessness: integrity means courage. Dharma stresses fearlessness. When the divine is present within you and you experience his presence, what is there that can touch you or whom you need fear when He is
-3-
Value-oriented holistic approach offering His protection to you? Even a little of His awareness will carry you through all risks and uncertainties. Remember that the Divine Touch is enough to convert difficulties into opportunities. Of course, you should know the truth about yourself. Dharma is the inner law of one’s life. Follow your Dharma and it will protect you or stand by you. We have to comply with our own dharma. Nobody has ever violated dharma without ultimately courting disaster. Adharma ultimately brings certain irremediable fall. Each one has his/her own Dharma. The idea of an individual’s own dharma is the insight that shines through Indian insight. The moment we are unconscious or ignore that inner law, our life is paralysed. We feel isolated. Or degeneration is sure. No wonder we feel missing and incomplete. Dharma is ethics and spiritualism combined.
MOR AL AND E TH ICAL VALU ES
The mental contents of a good person are called moral and ethical values. This is also called Daivi sampati or divine qualities. Values are also called gunas. Some of the values are: Fearlessness Courage Purity of mind and heart Integration of thought, action and behavior Generosity Non-violence Modesty Humility Integrity Charity Loyalty Calmness
-4-
Value-oriented holistic approach A manager/worker with these values can mobilize his energies as well as of those around him and canalize in to productive purposes to accomplish greater tasks. The proof of sincerity and seriousness is a strong emphasis on integrity of character in a job. A man might have too little knowledge, perform poorly, lack judgement or analytical ability and yet may not do much harm. But a man who lacks character and integrity may cause much greater harm. E.g. A salesman who does not possess good communication/ negotiating skills may at the most cause low sales. But a salesman who makes tall claims, false promises with regards to the product will cause disrepute the organization; which will be fatal to the company in the long run.
SIG NIF IC AN CE OF VAL UE S
Our effectiveness at work depends on our moral and ethical values. These human values support established business values such as service, communication, excellence, credibility, and innovation etc. these human values help self-development. Even the managerial functions of direction, control, supervision etc become much easier, thus leading to goodwill and harmony in the organization. We need to look at success with a holistic view. Outer fulfillment must be combined with inner fulfillment. Inner fulfillment relates to our spiritual, mental and emotional enrichment. While the outer achievement concerns meeting set targets, using your talents to the fullest extent etc. One would be very pleased at being appointed as the CEO or MD of a company but if you cannot spare time for your family or can’t enjoy a peaceful Sunday with your kids then your success is not complete.
GO LDE N RU LE OF ET HIC S
Earlier, the business community and society at large neglected ethics. But over the years people have realized its importance for the welfare of an organization. The golden rules, which find its mention in the Bible, are:
-5-
Value-oriented holistic approach Everything you want others to do to you, you shall do to others. Do not do to others that which you do not wish them to do to you. Do not do anything that if done to you, would cause harm to you. In a nutshell, treat others, as you would like to be treated. So if you do not want to be spoken to rudely then you must not speak rudely. So if don’t want to use flawed goods you must also refrain from adulteration.
VAL UE S AN D SKILL S
Values help us to ‘become’ while we need skills to ‘do’. Values act as a base for the skills and hence preceed skills in their importance. Values are internal –deal with purity of mind and soul. While skills are external – deal with functioning well at job. Values bring about universal good (software aspect). Skills bring about achievement of tasks (hardware aspect). Values are enduring and do not change with time. But skills have to be updated regularly and change with passage of time. E.g. Excellent service to the customer may be a value of the company. Personal visits may be the method used by the company. With the advent of technology, the company may use personalized e-mails etc. here the skill is changing but the service orientation (value) remains constant.
VAL UE S AN D THE WORK PL ACE
The modern world has brought about many developments at the workplace. This has lead to a lot of comforts, luxuries and money in the hands of people. But it has also lead to moral, ethical and spiritual degeneration. Enterprises worldwide have been disregarding the importance of values. Cheating, corruption and malpractices are rampant in the companies. Fortunately we are gradually awakening to redeem ourselves. More and more corporate are awakening to the fact that it is not necessary to indulge in malpractices to make money. Illustrious men like Narayan
-6-
Value-oriented holistic approach Murthy are setting examples that ethical management practices can yield results. Infact, even today when we think of great people like Jamshedji Tata we do not associate him only with his steel plant but the entire township of Jamshednagar and the various Tata hospitals. Values and ethics must be an integral part of management and work culture. We have created unwanted stress and unrest in the society. An organization that cares for its people cannot ignore such unhealthy developments and must take steps to see to it that our value system is in place.
HU MAN R ES PON SE M AN AG EMEN T
People constitute the greatest dynamic inputs in any organization. They are the center and must be regarded as the vital and integral part of organization. Every individual is the representation of a divine essence. People should be developed not only in skills but also in moral, ethical and spiritual values. Morality and rationality are combined at the same time in HRD.
WHY DO WE MA NA GEME NT ?
NEE D
VAL UE -B AS ED
HOLI ST IC
Let us see two examples to prove that value-based holistic management is essential and there is no choice: 1. Ma n machine equation:
In the earlier times man was treated as any machine in the organisation, who could be hired and fired whenever the owners felt. Their feelings and emotions were nil for the organisation. It is due to Behavioral Scientists that this situation has considerably improved. Today there are various concepts like Performance Appraisal, Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Job Rotation, etc which draw a line of difference between a man and a machine. Value-oriented management will recognize the divine model of man. This will surely help in eliminating the man machine equation. Human values for managers will honour the core of humanness and bring about
-7-
Value-oriented holistic approach harmony and balance between values as ends. We will evolve a judicious combination between values and skills.
2. Pre ven tion of explo
itation of mother nature:
Science and technology brought about phenomenal industrialization at the cost of indiscriminate and ruthless exploitation of Nature. It is wrongly assumed that man is having a birthright to draw on resources supplied by nature at his will. Under the holistic approach man and Nature are deeply interconnected and interdependent. Hence, there is no right to exploit Nature for purely selfish motives. As one man exploiting another man is bad so is exploiting Mother Nature bad. Many organisations knowingly and unknowingly pollute the environment. Value-based holistic management alone can prevent this exploitation of Mother Nature.
VAL UE DR IV EN M AN AG EME NT :
Effectiveness in performance of managers and workers is a function of values and skills together. A good manager has strength in both values and skills. We have management by consciousness. The purity of mind and heart guides the reasoning and intellect in all managerial functions particularly in HRM. Every effort must be made by the top management in the organization to inculcate values. Values relate to the internal domain of business i.e. interactions with employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, public, etc. In the corporate mission or creed we describe values, vision, goals and objectives cherished by the organization. Values should be an integral part of corporate mission, objectives. They should be expressly mentioned in the mission document. Valueorientation must be a program-based activity. It is a long-term activity with the constant follow-up and motivation through management support.
-8-
Value-oriented holistic approach The members of the management team and the union leaders of workers must be regularly exposed to spiritualization, satsang of spiritual leaders, seminars and workshops, meditation, introspection, common prayers, etc. the organization should inculcate the spirit of giving rather than taking in the work life. The individuals are encouraged to subdue their ego, overcome to some extent selfishness, anger, jealousy, greediness, hatred, partiality and such other undivine elements. The employees must strive internal developments rather than only specialize in skills and proficiency. They should sharpen their mind and intellect. Purer heart and mind would influence and sustain enduring values as a basis for improved effectiveness in the organization. Let us note that success of Japan is based on values familiar to Indians, using spiritual education and practices, example concentration, meditation, lectures of spiritual leaders, mind stilling, intuition, etc., to neutralize the evil effects of reckless industrialization and to synthesize the human values into management and organization. Japan has combined spiritualism and materialism and adopted value driven holistic approach in management and organization. Let the global management adopt this.
IND IA N CULT UR E A ND WI SD OM
The long term viability and progress or the sustainable all round development of a nation depend not so much on its material, ecological or technological resources but primarily in its human resources having ample potential energies- spiritual and psychological resources of our people. The greatest of the spiritual and psychological resources of any nation are its people who are conveniently forgotten or ignored. The essential and enduring part of a collective being or a nation is not its economics, commerce, ecology or politics which form only its outer body but its Insight, Ethos and Culture, which are the expression of its Mind and Soul. Just as the outer material and economic progress and well-being of a nation depends on a scientific preservation and harnessing of the material and biological resources of its ecological heritage; the inner evolution and progress of a nation depends on the enlightened preservation and harnessing of its human and cultural heritage. Fortunately, in India we
-9-
Value-oriented holistic approach have the immense potential of our insight, and culture for motivating, managing and leading our abundant human resources.
THE
ETH IC AL AN D SPI RI TU AL VALU ES : The Driving
force for Achieving Excellence
There are two levels of human consciousness: Lower consciousness operating through our five senses in contact with the external world. This is also called the lower mind. Higher consciousness or higher mind which is the door to get the vision of the spirit or pure consciousness. This is also called the inner mind. We are in touch with this inner mind only in silence. It can commune with the Divine within us. It can hear the small voice in the form of inspiration, or intuitive purified mind. Traditional methods of purification of mind/heart are: Karma Yoga Bhakti Yoga Jnan Yoga Raja Yoga
METHODS OF HEART/MIND
P URIFICAT ION
Managerial Effectiveness
Value Orientation
Pure Mind
Jnana Yoga
Raja Yoga
Bhakti Yoga
Karma Yoga
- 10 -
Value-oriented holistic approach
The above chart indicates the four purification. Jnan Yoga- Path of knowledge Raja Yoga- Path of Mind Control Bhakti Yoga- Path of Devotion Karma Yoga- Path of Action
traditional
methods of mind
All these help to develop a pure mind. Pure mind is the origin of all values. Values emerge only from a purified mind i.e. from the inner mind or higher consciousness. This is a key factor for managerial effectiveness. ]
CO NCL US IO N
We are living in a world of unprecedented change. Development of science and technology is in turn forcing social, economic and political institutions everywhere all over the world to promptly adjust and adapt to the fast changing environment. We cannot disown the use of modern science and technology to improve the human life in India. But the question has to be raised that whether human life can be improved by science and technology if yes than up to what extent. Human life is not a machine; it has a consciousness and sensitivity. Modern science can only give materialistic satisfaction but not the inner satisfaction and not the piece of mind. In today’s world the life has become much more complex. Human life needs to nurture with love affections. An organization cannot succeed, a society cannot succeed, and a nation cannot succeed in absence of development of human life. Technology has its own limitation, pros and cons. Today the foremost challenge lies in the not controlling the human resource but let the human resource be so conscious that it controls it self, its activities and utmost thing is that they themselves should realize what is right or wrong for them, their society and organization. We need
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Value-oriented holistic approach to invoke the consciousness of human being that a technology and science can’t do. The growth has to be internal as well as external. It is very sorry to state that today people are running behind the luxury things, they have become much more possessive in nature. Organization can import technology and can develop technology but they cannot import a self conscious and spiritual human being. They have to develop and it is a challenge for them.
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