Virtual Machine

Slide 1 : Red Hat Virtualization Presented by Abhishek Chib Slide 2 : Virtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments. Virtualization techniques create multiple isolated partitions ² Virtual Machines (VM) or Virtual Enviroments (VEs) ² on a single physical System, thus providing better IT resource utilization, greater application flexibility and hardware independence. or Virtualization is a technology which virtualizes system on an operating system (kernel) layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical system into multiple small computational partitions. Each such partition looks and feels like a real system, from the point of view of its owner. What is Virtualization Slide 3 : Advantage of Virtualization Effective resource usage : The ability to run Windows, Solaris, Linux and Netware operating systems and applications concurrently on the same system. Manageability : Increased CPU utilization from 5-15% to 60-80%. Security : The isolation of each ³virtual machine´ provides better security by isolating one system from another on the network; if one ³virtual machine´ crashes it does not affect the other environments. Slide 4 : What is XEN in Red Hat Linux or Red Hat Virtualization : Xen is a free software virtual machine monitor for IA-32, x86-64, IA -64 and PowerPC architectures. It is software that runs on a host operating system and allows several guest operating systems to be run on top of the host on the same computer hardware at the same time. or Red Hat Virtualization can host multiple guest operating systems. Each guest operating system runs in its own domain, Red Hat Virtualization schedules virtual CPUs within the virtual machines to make the best use of the available physical CPUs. Each guest operating systems handles its own applications. These guest operating systems schedule each application accordingly. Slide 5 : Key Concept of XEN : Hypervisor : The Hypervisor is the manager of the Xen environments. It acts as a traffic cop for all virtualized operating system controlling and providing access to resources such as storage, CPU and memory. Additionally, the Hypervisor controls migration, starting, stopping and pausing of virtualized operating system. It is started by boot loader 2. Domain : The first domain, known as domain0 (dom0), is automatically created when you boot the system. Domain0 is the privileged guest and it possesses management capabilities which can create new domains and manage their virtual devices. Domain0 handles the physical hardware, such as network cards and hard disk controllers. Domain0 also handles administrative tasks such as suspending, resuming, or migrating guest domains to other virtual machines. Slide 6 : Type of Virtualization : Para virtualization : Para virtualization requires user modification of the guest operating systems that run on the virtual machines (these guest operating systems are aware that they are running on a virtual machine) and provide near-native performance. Full virtualization : Full virtualization provides total abstraction of the underlying physical system and creates a new virtual system in which the guest operating systems can run. No modifications are needed in the guest OS or application (the guest OS or application is not aware of the virtualized environment and runs normally). You can deploy both para virtualization and full virtualization across your virtualization infrastructure. Slide 7 : Operating System Support : Red Hat Virtualization supports:‡ Intel VT-x or AMD-V Pacifica and Vanderpool technology for full and para virtualization.‡ Intel VT-i for ia64‡ Linux and UNIX operating systems, including NetBSD, FreeBSD, and Solaris.‡ Microsoft Windows as an unmodified guest operating system with Intel Vanderpool or AMD's Pacifica technology. Slide 8 : Hardware Support : Red Hat Virtualization supports multiprocessor systems and allows you to run Red Hat Virtualization on x86 architectures systems with a P6 class (or earlier) processors like:‡ Celeron‡ Pentium II‡ Pentium III‡ Pentium IV‡ Xeon‡ AMD Athlon‡ AMD Duron With Red Hat Virtualization, 1 - 32-bit hosts runs only 32-bit para virtual guests. 2 - 64-bit hosts runs only 64-bit para virtual guests. 3 - 64-bit full virtualization host runs 32-bit, 32-bit PAE, or 64-bit guests. 4 A 32-bit full virtualization host runs both PAE and non-PAE full virtualization guests. Slide 9 : About Services : XEN Service name : xend File and Directory location : /etc/xen Service file location : /etc/init.d/xend /etc/init.d/xendomains How to Start or Stop your service : # service xend start or /etc/init.d/xend # service xendomains or /etc/init.d/xendomains And chkconfig xend on chkconfig xendomains on Slide 10 : Now Practical Time : Minimum Requirements : Processor with PAE Support # grep pae /proc/cpuinfo Result must be : flags : fpu tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr mca cmov pat pse36 mmx fxsr sse syscall mmtext 3dnowext 3dnow What is PAE ? PAE ( Physical Address Extension ) Slide 11 : Memory : Min 512 RAM per domain Storage : Min 6 GiB space per domain RPM for Red Hat Virtualization Through yum : Xen Kernal zlib development installation Python 2.2 runtime Virt-manager # yum install *xen* Slide 12 :

Slide 13 : Next step for Grub Configuration : Location : # /etc/grub/grub.conf Slide 14 : Install your virt-manager Command : # yum install virt-manager Slide 15 : Start Xen Service Commands : # service xend start # chkconfig xend on # chkconifig ±list | grep xend Restart your System # init 6 Now your system will boot with XEN kernal Slide 16 : Start your virt manager Commmand : # virt-manager Slide 17 : Now your virt-manager start Click Connect button Slide 18 : Now Create your New Virtual Machine : Step 1 Click on New Button : You will find new window Slide 19 : Step 2 : Your Virtual Machine Name Step 3 : Type of Virtualization Method Slide 20 : Step 4 : Location of Installation Media For Para Virtualization : Media must be ftp or http 2. For Full Virtualization Media must be .iso image Step 5 : Assigning storage space Note : Always use partitions Slide 21 : Step 6: Allocating memory and CPU Step 7: Now begin Installation Slide 22 : Step 8 : Asking for Key Ring Manager Slide 23 : Step 9 : Proceed with your Installation process of Red Hat OS and reboot your Virtual System after Installation Slide 24 : Step 10 : Start your Virtual Machine Command : # xm create VM1 Now your virtual started