What is Solar Energy
Content
Introduction to Solar Energy
In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,0001 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. Much of the world's required energy can be supplied directly by solar power. More still can be provided indirectly. The practicality of doing so will be examined, as well as the benefits and drawbacks. In addition, the uses solar energy is currently applied to will be noted. Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the nonconstant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloudcover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container. Methods of collecting and storing solar energy vary depending on the uses planned for the solar generator. In general, there are three types of collectors and many forms of storage units. The three types of collectors are flat-plate collectors, focusing collectors, and passive collectors.
Flat-plate collectors are the more commonly used type of collector today. They are arrays of solar panels arranged in a simple plane. They can be of nearly any size, and have an output that is directly related to a few variables including size, facing, and cleanliness. These variables all affect the amount of radiation that falls on the collector. Often these collector panels have automated machinery that keeps them facing the sun. The additional energy they take in due to the correction of facing more than compensates for the energy needed to drive the extra machinery. Focusing collectors are essentially flat-plane collectors with optical devices arranged to maximize the radiation falling on the focus of the collector. These are currently used only in a few scattered areas. Solar furnaces are examples of this type of collector. Although they can produce far greater amounts of energy at a single point than the flat-plane collectors can, they lose some of the radiation that the flat-plane panels do not. Radiation reflected off the ground will be used by flat-plane panels but usually will be ignored by focusing collectors (in snow covered regions, this reflected radiation can be significant). One other problem with focusing collectors in general is due to temperature. The fragile silicon components that absorb the incoming radiation lose efficiency at high temperatures, and if they get too hot they can even be permanently damaged. The focusing collectors by their very nature can create much higher temperatures and need more safeguards to protect their silicon components. Passive collectors are completely different from the other two types of collectors. The passive collectors absorb radiation and convert it to heat naturally, without being designed and built to do so. All objects have this property to some extent, but only some objects (like walls) will be able to produce enough heat to make it worthwhile. Often their natural ability to convert radiation to heat is enhanced in some way or another (by being painted black, for example) and a system for transferring the heat to a different location is generally added. People use energy for many things, but a few general tasks consume most of the energy. These tasks include transportation, heating, cooling, and the generation of electricity. Solar energy can be applied to all four of these tasks with different levels of success. Heating is the business for which solar energy is best suited. Solar heating requires almost no energy transformation, so it has a very high efficiency. Heat energy can be stored in a liquid, such as water, or in a packed bed. A packed bed is a container filled with small objects that can hold heat (such as stones) with air space between them. Heat energy is also often stored in phase-changer or heat-of-fusion units. These devices will utilize a chemical that changes phase from solid to liquid at a temperature that can be produced by the solar collector. The energy of the collector is used to change the chemical to its liquid phase, and is as a result stored in the chemical itself. It can be tapped later by allowing the chemical to revert to its solid form. Solar energy is frequently used in residential homes to heat water. This is an easy
application, as the desired end result (hot water) is the storage facility. A hot water tank is filled with hot water during the day, and drained as needed. This application is a very simple adjustment from the normal fossil fuel water heaters. Swimming pools are often heated by solar power. Sometimes the pool itself functions as the storage unit, and sometimes a packed bed is added to store the heat. Whether or not a packed bed is used, some method of keeping the pool's heat for longer than normal periods (like a cover) is generally employed to help keep the water at a warm temperature when it is not in use. Solar energy is often used to directly heat a house or building. Heating a building requires much more energy than heating a building's water, so much larger panels are necessary. Generally a building that is heated by solar power will have its water heated by solar power as well. The type of storage facility most often used for such large solar heaters is the heat-of-fusion storage unit, but other kinds (such as the packed bed or hot water tank) can be used as well. This application of solar power is less common than the two mentioned above, because of the cost of the large panels and storage system required to make it work. Often if an entire building is heated by solar power, passive collectors are used in addition to one of the other two types. Passive collectors will generally be an integral part of the building itself, so buildings taking advantage of passive collectors must be created with solar heating in mind. These passive collectors can take a few different forms. The most basic type is the incidental heat trap. The idea behind the heat trap is fairly simple. Allow the maximum amount of light possible inside through a window (The window should be facing towards the equator for this to be achieved) and allow it to fall on a floor made of stone or another heat holding material. During the day, the area will stay cool as the floor absorbs most of the heat, and at night, the area will stay warm as the stone re-emits the heat it absorbed during the day. Another major form of passive collector is thermos phoning walls and/or roof. With this passive collector, the heat normally absorbed and wasted in the walls and roof is re-routed into the area that needs to be heated. The last major form of passive collector is the solar pond. This is very similar to the solar heated pool described above, but the emphasis is different. With swimming pools, the desired result is a warm pool. With the solar pond, the whole purpose of the pond is to serve as an energy regulator for a building. The pond is placed either adjacent to or on the building, and it will absorb solar energy and convert it to heat during the day. This heat can be taken into the building, or if the building has more than enough heat already, heat can be dumped from the building into the pond.
Solar energy can be used for other things besides heating. It may seem strange, but one of the most common uses of solar energy today is cooling. Solar cooling is far more expensive than solar heating, so it is almost never seen in private homes. Solar energy is used to cool things by phase changing a liquid to gas through heat, and then forcing the gas into a lower pressure chamber. The temperature of a gas is related to the pressure containing it, and all other things being held equal, the same gas under a lower pressure will have a lower temperature. This cool gas will be used to absorb heat from the area of interest and then be forced into a region of higher pressure where the excess heat will be lost to the outside world. The net effect is that of a pump moving heat from one area into another, and the first is accordingly cooled. Besides being used for heating and cooling, solar energy can be directly converted to electricity. Most of our tools are designed to be driven by electricity, so if you can create electricity through solar power, you can run almost anything with solar power. The solar collectors that convert radiation into electricity can be either flat-plane collectors or focusing collectors, and the silicon components of these collectors are photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cells, by their very nature, convert radiation to electricity. This phenomenon has been known for well over half a century, but until recently the amounts of electricity generated were good for little more than measuring radiation intensity. Most of the photovoltaic cells on the market today operate at an efficiency of less than 15%; that is, of all the radiation that falls upon them, less than 15% of it is converted to electricity. The maximum theoretical efficiency for a photovoltaic cell is only 32.3%, but at this efficiency, solar electricity is very economical. Most of our other forms of electricity generation are at a lower efficiency than this. Unfortunately, reality still lags behind theory and a 15% efficiency is not usually considered economical by most power companies, even if it is fine for toys and pocket calculators. Hope for bulk solar electricity should not be abandoned, however, for recent scientific advances have created a solar cell with an efficiency of 28.2% efficiency in the laboratory. This type of cell has yet to be field tested. If it maintains its efficiency in the uncontrolled environment of the outside world, and if it does not have a tendency to break down, it will be economical for power companies to build solar power facilities after all. Of the main types of energy usage, the least suited to solar power is transportation. While large, relatively slow vehicles like ships could power themselves with large onboard solar panels, small constantly turning vehicles like cars could not. The only possible way a car could be completely solar powered would be through the use of battery that was charged by solar power at some stationary point and then later loaded into the car. Electric cars that are partially powered by solar energy are available now, but it is unlikely that solar power will provide the world's transportation costs in the near future.
Solar power has two big advantages over fossil fuels. The first is in the fact that it is renewable; it is never going to run out. The second is its effect on the environment. While the burning of fossil fuels introduces many harmful pollutants into the atmosphere and contributes to environmental problems like global warming and acid rain, solar energy is completely non-polluting. While many acres of land must be destroyed to feed a fossil fuel energy plant its required fuel, the only land that must be destroyed for a solar energy plant is the land that it stands on. Indeed, if a solar energy system were incorporated into every business and dwelling, no land would have to be destroyed in the name of energy. This ability to decentralize solar energy is something that fossil fuel burning cannot match. As the primary element of construction of solar panels, silicon, is the second most common element on the planet, there is very little environmental disturbance caused by the creation of solar panels. In fact, solar energy only causes environmental disruption if it is centralized and produced on a gigantic scale. Solar power certainly can be produced on a gigantic scale, too. Among the renewable resources, only in solar power do we find the potential for an energy source capable of supplying more energy than is used. Suppose that of the 4.5x1017 kWh per annum that is used by the earth to evaporate water from the oceans we were to acquire just 0.1% or 4.5x1014 kWh per annum. Dividing by the hours in the year gives a continuous yield of 2.90x1010 kW. This would supply 2.4 kW to 12.1 billion people. This translates to roughly the amount of energy used today by the average American available to over twelve billion people. Since this is greater than the estimated carrying capacity of the Earth, this would be enough energy to supply the entire planet regardless of the population. Unfortunately, at this scale, the production of solar energy would have some unpredictable negative environmental effects. If all the solar collectors were placed in one or just a few areas, they would probably have large effects on the local environment, and possibly have large effects on the world environment. Everything from changes in local rain conditions to another Ice Age has been predicted as a result of producing solar energy on this scale. The problem lies in the change of temperature and humidity near a solar panel; if the energy producing panels are kept non-centralized, they should not create the same local, mass temperature change that could have such bad effects on the environment. Of all the energy sources available, solar has perhaps the most promise. Numerically, it is capable of producing the raw power required to satisfy the entire planet's energy needs.
Environmentally, it is one of the least destructive of all the sources of energy. Practically, it can be adjusted to power nearly everything except transportation with very little adjustment, and even transportation with some modest modifications to the current general system of travel. Clearly, solar energy is a resource of the future.
What is Solar Energy?
Thermal Energy
Thermal Energy is everywhere. Its lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and our homes. It dries our clothes and gives us produce like sun-dried tomatoes. All for free! It’s also used to heat water for domestic use or even pools. There are two ways in which water can be heated: 1. Actively, when a conventional heating element within the solar hot water system heats water on hot days. 2. Passively, when water is preheated before it is delivered to the cold inlet of a conventional gas/ electric water heater.
Electric Energy
Electric Energy uses the power of the sun to produce electricity through solar cells, otherwise known as photovoltaics (PV). It can be applied in three ways: 1. Stand-alone 2. Grid-connected 3. Back-up Stand-alone: also called Solar Home System (SHS): A system not connected to the grid. More often than not, these systems are installed in remote areas where there is no utility-supplied power, like remote holiday cottages. It is often cheaper to install a solar energy system than lay electricity cables to the site. Excess energy can be stored in a battery for use during times where there is no sunshine.
sGrid-connected:
A system where utility supplied electricity is connected to the property, but the owners wish to harvest cleans free energy from the sun. Usually in a quest to live a more sustainable, environmentally friendly existence. Electricity is supplied firstly from the solar energy system, then the connected battery if one has been installed and finally from the grid if there is still a need.
Back-up:
A system connected to an unreliable grid or one of poor quality. These types are usually installed in areas where a lot of power blackouts occur. A small system will service the most important electrical appliances and lights, but a bigger system will be required to keep the fridge running during a blackout.
How is solar energy used?
1.) Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into electricity with the use of solar panels to supply power to the appliances use in our homes. 2.) Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into heat with the use of solar thermal collectors for warming water, i.e. for the swimming pool. 3.) Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into hot air for heating buildings with the use of solar thermal collectors.
How do solar panels work?
1.) Rays of sunlight hit the solar panel (also know as a photovoltaic/ PV) and are absorbed by semi-conducting materials such as silicone. 2.) Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, which allow them to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process whereby light (photo) is converted into electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect. 3.) An array of solar panels converts solar energy into DC (direct current) electricity. 4.) The DC electricity then enters an inverter. 5.) The inverter turns DC electricity into 120-volt AC (alternating current) electricity needed by home appliances. 6.) The AC power enters the utility panel in the house. 7.) The electricity (load) is then distributed to appliances or lights in the house. 8.) When more solar energy is generated that what you're using - it can be stored in a battery as DC electricity. The battery will continue to supply your home with electricity in the event of a power blackout or at nighttime.
9.) When the battery is full the excess electricity can be exported back into the utility grid, if your system is connected to it. 10.) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form the grid when not enough solar energy is produced and no excess energy is stored in the battery, i.e. at night or on cloudy days. 11.) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid is measured by a utility meter, which spins backwards (when you are producing more energy that you need) and forward (when you require additional electricity from the utility company). The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for the additional energy you use from the utility company. Any surplus energy is sold back to the utility company. This system is referred to as "net-metering".
Solar energy history
Many consumers assume that solar power is a relatively new power source but this could not be further from the truth. The sun has been known to be a source of energy dating back to ancient times. The ancient Greek and Native Americans were the first to use solar power to their benefit, dating back as early as 400BC. Native Americans and the ancient Greek built their houses into the side of hills to take advantage of the heat storage from the sun during the day that would then be released during the night. The Romans took their knowledge of the sun being a source of energy as they were the first people to use glass windows to trap the warmth of the sun in their homes. They were so serious about the preservation of this solar energy that they erected glass houses to create the right conditions to grow plants and seeds. While many people were benefitting from solar power it wasn’t until 1776 that the first solar collector was built. This collector was built by a gentleman named Horace de Saussare. His collector was cone shaped and would boil ammonia that would then perform like refrigeration and locomotion. This first solar power collector attracted much interest in the scientific community through the 19th century. In the interest of making use of solar power, Auguste Mouchout created a steam engine that was powered only by solar energy in 1861. This was an exciting event, but the invention was very costly and it could not be reproduced or even maintained so the steam engine was quickly forgotten. While the solar powered steam engine wasn’t viable in 1861 this did not stop the efforts of many who knew that solar power could be harnessed and used in many different ways. It was during the 1880’s that the first light converting photovoltaic cells were built. These cells were made of selenium and had an efficiency of one to two percent. I was not long after, in
1891, that the first commercial solar water heater was patented by Clarence Kemp, an American. For the next 50 to 60 years the developments were not as bold, but even Albert Einstein was working on using solar power, he was even granted a Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. While the years of solar power went by quietly, in the 1950’s the development of solar power was benefitted by the production of the Czochralski meter. This was a process that produced pure crystalline silicone and by 1954 Bell Telephone Laboratories had developed a silicon photovoltaic cell that had a four percent efficiency that was later boosted to an 11% efficiency. It was during the later half of the 1950’s that solar power saw its first mainstream usage. The first solar water heated office building was built during this time by an architect named Frank Bridgers. A short time later a small satellite of the US Vanguard was powered by a solar cell of less than one watt. After such big strides in the 1950’s, one would assume that solar power really took off, but oil prices have held back an even more mainstream usage of solar power. In the 1960’s the oil prices were so cheap that it was more affordable for people to power their homes with oil than it was to power their homes or offices with solar energy. Solar power saw a rebirth in the 1970’s with the oil embargo. This was a great opportunity to utilize solar power; in fact the US Department of Energy financed the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program. This program was responsible for the installation and testing of over 3,000 photovoltaic systems. The 1990’s brought an even more mainstream interest in solar power. The Gulf War once again made many take note of where we get oil and had some worried about our dependence on foreign countries for our energy resources. Solar power was seen as a great alternative to oil and petroleum products. During the 1990’s over one million homes had some form of solar power installed. Today solar energy is used in a couple different manners. First is the photovoltaic conversion format, which most people know as solar panels. These panels are used to create electricity directly from the sun. These panels can be used alone or can be used in conjunction with other power resources. The second type of solar power that is used today is thermal solar power, which is where the sun is used to heat fluids, which then powers turbines or other types of machinery.
While solar power is more commonly used today than any other time in history, the fundamentals are about the same as they have always been. The power of the sun is used to heat liquids just as it was used to heat space in ancient times. The photovoltaic technology has been updated so that the panels are thin and smaller, but the technology is basically the same. The reason for this is that when the sun is over head, an acre of land receives four thousand horse power of power at any time! The sun always has been, and always will be, a tremendous source of power, which leaves no question that with the improvement of technology, our ability to harness this power will only become greater and more widespread in its use.
Advantages of solar power
• The advantages of solar power are far-reaching. Although solar power is a relatively new energy source, it may easily become the most important energy source of the future. This is because of the many advantages of solar power: • •Solar power is a renewable resource. This means that we are not in danger of depleting its reserves. Though it may disappear behind clouds momentarily and is unavailable at night, it generally returns in full force. • •Solar power is non-polluting. Unlike oil, solar power usage does not emit any greenhouse gases, nor does the acquisition of it harm ecosystems through spills or dredging. This is probably one of the primary advantages of solar power. • • • • • • •The energy and heat from the sun is free. Once solar panels or solar thermal collectors are set up, there are no electrical expenses necessary to power them. •Solar cells require very little maintenance, greatly because there are no moving parts that must be maintained. •Solar cells can last a lifetime. •Solar power is incredibly versatile. A variety of inventions may be powered by it, including cars, water heaters, fountains, buildings, and satellites. •In remote locations, solar power may be a more realistic energy option than running large lengths of electrical wires to connect to a grid. Overall, it seems that solar power is simply a more harmonious energy resource. To obtain other energy sources, there is a requirement of harvesting fossil fuels, animal matter, or plant matter. Meanwhile, sunlight continually hits the earth in large amounts regardless of whether it is being utilized as an energy resource or not. Focusing solely on the application of solar power, instead of its application in addition to seeking out and obtaining the raw resource, omits an unnecessary step.
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Solar power is also an attractive investment due to the added value it gives a home. With the housing market slowing down considerably a solar power system definitely helps add to the desirability and resale value of a home. A home with a fixed electric bill from solar is less expensive to live in, and thus is very appealing to potential buyers.
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Along with the advantages of solar power, it is worth remarking upon the disadvantages. These include sunlight not being a readily available resource in some areas of the world. Also, solar cells are still not particularly cheap. Of course, technology for this is improving, and it will continue to improve as the cost of other forms of power increase.
Top 10 Solar Panels Manufacturing Companies With Models, Kit And Price Details
Top 10 Solar Panels Manufacturing Companies With Models, Kit And Price Details:
The solar panel can be used as a component in a larger photovoltaic system to offer electricity for commercial and residential applications. Solar thermal panels convert energy from the sun to heat water. These cost about £4,000 and save about 10 per cent on your gas bill, or £55 per year. Solar Cells for Life will receive a $6.5 million grant from the Victorian government so the group can further develop a printable light-sensitive ink that can convert sunlight into energy.
Top 10 Suppliers Of Solar Panels:
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First Solar Suntech Sharp Yingli Trina Solar Sun power Corporation Kyocera Corporation Canadian Solar Solar World AG Sanyo Electric
Electric devices that include solar panels are Solar cell phone, Solar lamp, Solar notebook, Solar-pumped laser, Solar vehicle and Solar plane. Solar panels consist of modules that are put together in an array (an arrangement of rows and columns). Modules are made up of solar cells. Energy companies offer of free solar panel systems may sound attractive but consumers could save thousands of pounds even if they took a loan to buy their own kit. Solar panels have the ultimate green credentials, and gone are the days when you needed to pay tens of thousands of dollars to catch the sun.
Solar power in India
India is both densely populated and has high solar insulation, providing an ideal combination for solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation (Wind power in India) and, Suzlon Energy is one of the India-based pioneering industries in world to generate non-conventional energy. In solar energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gig watts. In July 2009, India unveiled a US$19 billion plan, to produce 20 GW of solar power by 2020. Under the plan, solar-powered equipment and applications would be mandatory in all government buildings including hospitals and hotels. On November 18, 2009, it was reported that India was ready to launch its National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013.
Status of Solar Energy in 2010
India is a country of over a billion people. As of 31st August 2010 there were 89808 villages or 15.1 % of the total which were still un-electrified . Over 40% of the country’s population currently does not have energy access .India as a country still depends heavily on imports of oil and natural gas when it comes to meeting the daily energy needs. Using these sources of energy is an economic burden to the government and at the same time they heavily contribute to the pollution. To realize the dream of becoming a superpower by 2020 India needs to be self-sufficient in its energy needs. Even though non-renewable sources of energy such as oil and gas are cheaper to work with than renewable sources, Renewable sources have an advantage in terms of the pollution they create, hence if we can work towards bringing down the cost of working with these energy sources, we can kill two birds with a stone. Since India lies at the tropic of cancer we get abundant sunshine to make full use of solar energy. Solar
energy has become an attractive source of renewable energy because of reduction in the cost of manufacturing of solar panel these days. With about 300 clear sunny days in a year, India’s theoretical solar power reception, just on its land area is about 5000 trillion kWh/year . The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 2,300–3,200 sunshine hours per year, depending upon location. This is far more than current total energy consumption. For example, even assuming 10% conversion efficiency for PV modules, it will still be thousand times greater than the likely electricity demand in India by the year 2015. Presently India fulfills around 10.9% of the total requirement with renewable sources of energy while solar accounts for a total of 1% of the renewable energy generation . Currently we generate 18MW from Solar Sources but it is expected that 150-200 MW of solar power will be installed in the country by December 2011 .These non-conventional sources of energy have the capability of fulfilling the requirement without harming the environment. As of September 2010 the status of Decentralized Energy Systems is as follows .
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Family Type Biogas Plants 4.27 million SPV Home Lighting System 6,19,428 Solar Lantern 8,13,380 SPV Street Lighting System 1,21,227 SPV Pumps 7,495 Solar Water Heating Collector Area 3.77 mln. sq.m
SPV: Solar Photovoltaic Considering India as a large country these numbers are miniscule. The present government has taken some steps to utilize the solar energy. A solar mission named “Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission” was launched in January 2010, which promises to generate 1,000MW by 2013 and by 2022 generate 20GW, to deploy 20 million solar lighting systems and to achieve 20 million sq. meters solar thermal collector area. However a point to note is that India is currently ranked number one with United States in terms of total solar power generation capacity. Experts are recommending that India should adopt a policy to create solar energy as a backbone of its economy by 2050. Corporate houses like INDOSOLAR have started producing world-class solar panels with high efficiencies ranging up to 17.2%. Indosolar is currently producing 160MWp and plans to produce 260MWp by 2011. Non-Profit organizations like TERI (The Energy and Resource Institute) have also come up with projects like LABL (lighting a billion lives) Campaign to enhance access to clean energy and ease in creation of rural green jobs in association with The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India.
While the merits of installing solar equipment are large it suffers from a few drawbacks. The efficiency of solar panels is still 15% of the sunlight energy received. The cost of production ranges from Rs. 8 to Rs. 30 per unit compared to Rs. 5 to Rs. 8 per unit of conventional thermal energy. We can store solar energy only using large batteries, which can be an environmental risk. There has been a slow progress over the years and India has fallen short of achieving the desired momentum. India is now 7th worldwide in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Cell production and 9th in Solar Thermal Systems production with nations like Japan, China, and the US currently ranked ahead of it. To summarize we can see that some steps have been taken to tap the potential of solar energy but still more effort needs to be put in. We need more private investments so that the initial costs of the panels come down. We need the government to fund research projects to develop solar panel with high-efficiency. Also common man needs to be made aware about the merits so that he is convinced to use solar energy in his day-to-day life.
How much does Solar Energy cost?
Professional, licensed contractors can tell you exactly how much does Solar Energy cost. All you need to do is: submit your project to receive a - free quote - within 48 hours - with no obligation. Complete the form further down this page now.
Solar Energy Cost
Would you like to own your electricity? Want to stop worrying about rate inflation from your utility company, charging you whatever they like? Did you know that rates have been rising by about 6% each year in California for example? They will only keep going up and up unless you do something about it! By installing a solar electric system you can SAVE MONEY, break free from the clutches of your utility company and HELP the Environment too. Only 20 Years ago, solar energy cost 7 times as much. Advanced technologies have contributed to the enormous decrease in price, but it is mainly due to the increase in manufacturing volumes, as more and more people realise the benefits of solar energy. There’s more good news. Solar energy cost will continue to decline as the market continues to grow, making it even more affordable.
Governments too have realised the benefits. Incentives are available form state, federal and local governments, as well as some utility companies. out what’s available in your area (USA only). Another cost benefit is that you will get paid for the excess electricity you produce through a system called - Net-metering. Check out the DSIRE websiteto find
$ - Just how much does solar energy cost? - $
It varies. Depending on the size of your household, the amount of electricity you use, the particular solar energy system you choose, how much sunshine you receive in your area and available government funding to name only a few. As a very rough guide, depending on the above conditions - - A solar hot water system will cost between US $2,000 and $4,000. A photovoltaic system will cost between US $8,000 and $10,000 for a 1kW system. (or $8 $10 /Watt) An average American family, living in a 3-bedroom home will require a 1.5 - 3kW system, which will cost between US $13,000 and US $27,000, before rebates. Lets take a couple of example of a Californian household to illustrate just how much you can save with all these incentives: Example 1: An average family needing 2.5 Kilowatt system – (current electricity bill between $50 and $75 per month) Cost of Solar electric system incl. Installation: $22,500 LESS: Government Rebate: - $7,000 * LESS: Tax credit: -$1,163 ** ___________________________________ You pay only: $14,337 ___________________________________
Example 2: An average family needing 3 Kilowatt system – (current electricity bill between $75 and $100 per month) Cost of Solar electric system incl. Installation: $27,000 LESS: Government Rebate: - $8,400 * LESS: Tax credit: -$1,395 ** ___________________________________ You pay only: $17,205 ___________________________________ Save even more with Net Metering each year. * (2.5 Kw system = 2500 watt x $2.80 per watt rebate = $7,000) (3Kw system = 3000 watt x $2.80 per watt rebate = $8,400) ** (7.5% of system cost after rebate. $22,500 – $7,000 x 7.5% = $1,163) (7.5% of system cost after rebate. $27,000 – $8,400 x 7.5% = $1,395) As a rough guide: Add .5 to your system size for each additional $25 on your bill and $4,500 to the cost before incentives.
How to Start a Solar Energy Business (cost effectively)
We are at the dawn of a solar revolution in the United States. Every aspect of the solar industry is experiencing explosive growth. Triple digit expansion in solar photovoltaic cell manufacturing, to the need for solar sales associates, to the huge demand for solar system installers is emerging everywhere. Opportunities abound. The renting of a solar energy system for your home is a new, attractive twist to the idea of switching to renewable energy. With the adoption of a leasing or rental model for residential solar electric systems, an average homeowner can now go green at home as well as build a part-time, solar energy business. The following article outlines the step by step requirements to starting your own solar energy business. Step 1 – Understanding the Solar Energy Business Solar Energy Entrepreneurs are charged with connecting to homeowners, educating them related to our alternative energy options, and providing them with the option to rent a solar electric system. By starting a solar energy business, you become a solar energy
consultant and make it possible for homeowners to adopt solar (PV) technology in a simple, investment-free way. No other solar rental program and related solar electric business makes it so easy. This renewable energy business entails no up-front costs or fees to get involved but there is some investment related to educating yourself and in turn educating the American homeowner about residential solar electric systems. The rental of solar equipment is just getting started with much adoption and growth expected. Solar energy is now cost competitive with the utility prices and homeowners no longer have to make an upfront investment to switch to solar power. They can simply rent a system and perhaps build their own solar energy business. To start your own solar energy business, a person does not need to be a college graduate or a seasoned sales executive. All you need to be is someone with the desire to make a difference and be someone who shares the belief that solar power will make that difference. Step 2 – Structuring of Your Solar Business As an entrepreneur and solar energy consultant, you are trained and supported by an experienced sales manager. The sales manager will support you in your initial days of solar energy industry education, sales cycle management, and how to effectively use the free sales tools. As you progress and begin to desire more responsibility, you can become a sales manager yourself by beginning to build your own marketing team. Relationship Marketing is a direct sales model which utilizes a combination of direct marketing and franchising. Typically, independent business owners (IBOs) become associated with a parent company in a contractor-like relationship. Such businesses are often multiple levels in nature in that pay outs also occur at more than one generation with your marketing team. Step 3 – Registering and Completing the Solar Energy Training Registering by entering your information and signing up online is just the first step to working towards managing your own solar energy business. [Note: Registration details at http://www.ecocrews.com]. Training is the second required step in the process. This small business opportunity demands detailed knowledge of the solar energy industry. You do not need to become an electrician or solar energy system installer but you should work to understand the difference between fossil fuels and renewable fuels, to understand how the electricity grid works, and to understand how residential solar energy
works. You must be properly trained in solar energy topics and related technology so that you have the confidence to pass on this knowledge. Training tools are available to assist you with the required testing. Training tools, testing, and ongoing support is all free. It is also important to continually build your knowledge of the renewable energy industry. This solar energy business requires no investment on your part but it does stress training and the use of training tools because accurate knowledge breaks down barriers. Step 4 – Receiving Solar Energy Business Support This solar energy business is centered upon ongoing support and growth. It is necessary for solar energy consultants to process solar system sales or referrals. There are free sales cycle management (CRM) tools included with this business opportunity. The sales aids make it very simple to complete the processing and help homeowners to rental a solar energy system. These tools are provided to help build your solar energy business: * One-on-one training from your sales manager * Training resources, books, brochures * Internal and external corporate websites * Help desk and knowledge base (both support and training) * …and much more The solar energy business explained here has a great mission. Its grassroots goal is to spread the use of clean, renewable solar electric power as simply and as rapidly as possible. This opportunity has eliminated as many obstacles as possible to both the rental of solar electric systems for home owners as well as to entrepreneurs wishing to start a solar energy business.
Solar Power in India is the Biggest Opportunity of the 21st Century
Solar Power in India is growing at a rapid clip with the strong government support through the ambitious Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM).Rapidly Falling Costs, Massive Power Deficits, Huge Growing Energy Demand and Peak Oil all make SCentury. People are slowly recognizing this large Green Money Making Opportunity with companies like Suntech, Siemens and Trina Solar entering into partnership with local players. Suntech has tied up with independent power producer IPP while Conglomerate. This is just the initial trickle with large foreign companies waiting to flood the Indian market. There have been some initial hiccups in Debt Financing of Solar Energy in India but I expect the long term secular growth story to be unaffected. Solar Power Companies in India can be divided into various categories based on solar equipment manufacturing, independent power producer,
renewable arms of large power companies etc.I have already covered the Top Solar Module Production Companies in my Solar Panels in India article. Here is the list once again.
Top 10 Lists of Major Solar Panel Domestic Companies
1) Tata BP Solar 2) Moser Baer 3) Solar Semiconductor 4) IndoSolar 5) Topsun Solar 6) Titan Energy 7) PLG Power 8) Maharishi Solar 9) Kotak Urja 10) Photon Energy Systems Note there are some other solar module producers as well. Note most of these companies import solar cells which are the main technology differentiators as there is very little addition in solar module production part of the supply chain.
Major State Run Companies entering Solar Energy Production
Besides Private Companies, Indian State Owned Companies known as Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) are also planning huge investments into the Solar Sector both as a social sector obligation and as a future investment.NTPC and BHEL are leading the charge with NTPC’s trading arm playing a crucial role in providing subsidies under JNNSM. 1) NTPC 2) BPCL 3) HPCL 4) IOC 5) ONGC 6) BHEL 7) BEL
8) Webel Solar Websol Energy Systems Limited
Note BHEL,BEL and Webel are planning/manufacturing solar equipment such as polysilicon,cells,modules while the other companies are planning to set up large scale solar plants in different states of India.
List of Major Solar Energy Supporting Indian States
Some Indian States have been heavily supportive of Solar Energy on their own. Rajasthan and Gujarat the 2 western most states of India with huge amounts of solar radiation have implemented solar subsides at the state level attracting massive investor interest .Other states like Punjab and Haryana are also trying to get their act together. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and West Bengal are the other major states to watch out for. Here is the list of states in the order of priority. 1) Gujarat 2) Rajasthan 3) Andhra Pradesh 4) Punjab 5) Tamil Nadu 6) Maharashtra 7) West Bengal 8) Haryana
Top 10 countries using Solar Power
Solar energy is becoming more and more popular among the grown and the growing countries. This is mainly because of government recognizing the energy problems and giving out more and more incentives for going solar, to both the general public and the corporations. The countries are starting to compete, to lead the renewable energy race in solar energy. I started wondering about which countries have the most amount of installed solar systems. So I wanted to do a top ten list of the countries which uses the most solar energy (in Mega Watts, MW) in the world. I wanted to do this in a Letterman style but i think its better to write a short note about each country pointing out its highlights and some interesting facts. So here we go counting down.....
10) India (120 MW) - One of the countries with fastest growing solar energy industry, India makes the top ten list for the solar power users of the world. A country of billion people has a very high energy demand. Located only 8 degrees above the equator, India gets plenty of sun each year. For these obvious reasons, solar was the smart choice for India to pursue. In July 2009, India unveiled a $19 billion plan, to produce 20 Giga Watts of solar power by 2020.
9) France (272 MW) - More than double the installed capacity of India is France. What helps France very much is their well designed Feed in Tariffs for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV). One important issue of concern in France is that although many MW of solar energy have been installed, a lot of them have not been connected to the grid. If this problem is resolved soon, France will be moving up on this list.
8) China (305) - Although China gets a lot of attention these days for its renewable energy push (not surprising), its mostly in the wind sector. What we forget is that China is the biggest producer of Solar panels and this comes in no surprise that they installed a ton of it in their own country. The government has taken a vow to change cities like Linfen, Yangquan and Datong, which are the most polluted cities in China. According to China’s national energy plan, it is expected to reach a total of 20 GW by 2020. We shall wait and see if the Chinese can keep up with the growing demands. Fun China has already overtaken US in the overall renewable energy investor ranking. It has become the most attractive country to invest in for wind and solar energy.
7) Belgium (363 MW) - I would say Belgium was a surprise contender in this solar race. The Belgium government designed a well planned Feed in Tariffs. With a population of approximately 10.7 million, it has shown strong growth in its appetite for photovoltaics since the region’s government initiated its extremely appealing package deal in 2006.
6) Czech Republic (465 MW) - This country installed the most amount of solar panels in 2009 next to Germany. There was a sudden boom in the solar market due to a generous Feed in Tariffs by the government and local incentives. There are several US companies that are already investing in Czech solar market.
5) U.S (1650 MW) - Coming in at 5th place is the U.S. Solar market. I'm actually not so surprised by this result since U.S. government incentive is not very attractive and most of the major cities don't even have any policies or any plans towards going solar (one of those cities would be the fourth largest city in U.S., Houston). Most of the panels installed in U.S. are in California. The cap on the federal solar tax credit was lifted in 2009, promoting growth in this industry. Despite the recent recession, the US market for residential solar panels doubled in 2009, and increased 37% from 2008. Hopefully, we will be moving forward on this list after the economy starts to ramp up a bit.
4) Japan (2633 MW) - What you see above is a flexible solar technology as an AIST conference in Tokyo, Japan. Can you imagine a garden full of these solar flowers and plants on the rooftops? Government residential PV programs, net-metering, high national solar energy goals to reach 28 GW by 2020 and 53 GW by 2030. On top of this, the support of local authorities and the private sector make Japan a world leader in this field. 80% of new homes in Japan will have solar power installed with it by the year 2030. Japan is one of the fastest growing countries in the solar market and i would not be surprised if it moves up to the top position in the next few years.
3) Spain (3386 MW) - Despite the fact that Spain was one of the countries that was hit with the economic crisis, it pushed forward on the renewable energy side to grab the third position. There was a delay in the new government subsidy programs towards the solar market in the first quarter of 2010. With expectations that both of these will improve in 2010, and considering its excellent sun irradiation and PV potential, Spain is expected to bump up its solar energy capacity again this year.
2) Italy (4000 MW) - Every two months, Italians install more solar power than California does in an entire year. (To put that in perspective, Italy is slightly smaller in land size than California, with a fairly similar population). In the second quarter of 2010, Italy’s solar market grew by 127 percent over the previous quarter, according to research and consulting firm Solarbuzz.This success is due to a well managed FiT**, lots of government incentives, and of course plenty of sunshine. Going at this pace, I'm pretty sure that Italy has the potential to catch the top position.
1) Germany (9785 MW) - Germany is clearly the world leader and will be the world leader for years to come. No other countries even come close to the installed solar power to this country. Above is the picture of the Gut Erlasee solar farm in Germany which produces about 14,000
MW hours annually which is enough to power a town of about 9000 residents. With cities like Sonnenschiff (which produces 4 times the energy it consumes purely from solar power), Marburg and Freiburg (entire city is powered by solar energy), it is no surprise that Germany is the world leader and it plans to stick to this position for years to come. My opinion - Well there you have it, the top ten countries in the world that harness solar power. I think that other countries will be following this trend and i expect more countries to join this race. The reason Germany is the leader is mainly because of the people. They clearly took solar power to their heart and made a commitment to create a change. An energy revolution has to come from within.
Summary
The Indian Solar Energy Market is attracting huge investor interest due to the massive potential. However none of the Indian solar manufacturing companies comes anywhere near world class in scale, technology or manufacturing prowess currently. That is not to say that solar companies in India can’t become world beaters especially taking advantage of the huge domestic market that is going to develop soon. Note Indian Wind Energy Companies are also too small to be counted on the world stage except for Suzlon which seems to be hemorrhaging. There are numerous small and big private companies that are taking interest in setting up solar plants. However these companies are too small and numerous to be listed here..Solar Power Companies in India will continue to grow as their exists a lot of space for a number of players. However becoming big players on the world solar stage will take a long time for these companies.
In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,0001 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. Much of the world's required energy can be supplied directly by solar power. More still can be provided indirectly. The practicality of doing so will be examined, as well as the benefits and drawbacks. In addition, the uses solar energy is currently applied to will be noted. Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the nonconstant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloudcover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container. Methods of collecting and storing solar energy vary depending on the uses planned for the solar generator. In general, there are three types of collectors and many forms of storage units. The three types of collectors are flat-plate collectors, focusing collectors, and passive collectors.
Flat-plate collectors are the more commonly used type of collector today. They are arrays of solar panels arranged in a simple plane. They can be of nearly any size, and have an output that is directly related to a few variables including size, facing, and cleanliness. These variables all affect the amount of radiation that falls on the collector. Often these collector panels have automated machinery that keeps them facing the sun. The additional energy they take in due to the correction of facing more than compensates for the energy needed to drive the extra machinery. Focusing collectors are essentially flat-plane collectors with optical devices arranged to maximize the radiation falling on the focus of the collector. These are currently used only in a few scattered areas. Solar furnaces are examples of this type of collector. Although they can produce far greater amounts of energy at a single point than the flat-plane collectors can, they lose some of the radiation that the flat-plane panels do not. Radiation reflected off the ground will be used by flat-plane panels but usually will be ignored by focusing collectors (in snow covered regions, this reflected radiation can be significant). One other problem with focusing collectors in general is due to temperature. The fragile silicon components that absorb the incoming radiation lose efficiency at high temperatures, and if they get too hot they can even be permanently damaged. The focusing collectors by their very nature can create much higher temperatures and need more safeguards to protect their silicon components. Passive collectors are completely different from the other two types of collectors. The passive collectors absorb radiation and convert it to heat naturally, without being designed and built to do so. All objects have this property to some extent, but only some objects (like walls) will be able to produce enough heat to make it worthwhile. Often their natural ability to convert radiation to heat is enhanced in some way or another (by being painted black, for example) and a system for transferring the heat to a different location is generally added. People use energy for many things, but a few general tasks consume most of the energy. These tasks include transportation, heating, cooling, and the generation of electricity. Solar energy can be applied to all four of these tasks with different levels of success. Heating is the business for which solar energy is best suited. Solar heating requires almost no energy transformation, so it has a very high efficiency. Heat energy can be stored in a liquid, such as water, or in a packed bed. A packed bed is a container filled with small objects that can hold heat (such as stones) with air space between them. Heat energy is also often stored in phase-changer or heat-of-fusion units. These devices will utilize a chemical that changes phase from solid to liquid at a temperature that can be produced by the solar collector. The energy of the collector is used to change the chemical to its liquid phase, and is as a result stored in the chemical itself. It can be tapped later by allowing the chemical to revert to its solid form. Solar energy is frequently used in residential homes to heat water. This is an easy
application, as the desired end result (hot water) is the storage facility. A hot water tank is filled with hot water during the day, and drained as needed. This application is a very simple adjustment from the normal fossil fuel water heaters. Swimming pools are often heated by solar power. Sometimes the pool itself functions as the storage unit, and sometimes a packed bed is added to store the heat. Whether or not a packed bed is used, some method of keeping the pool's heat for longer than normal periods (like a cover) is generally employed to help keep the water at a warm temperature when it is not in use. Solar energy is often used to directly heat a house or building. Heating a building requires much more energy than heating a building's water, so much larger panels are necessary. Generally a building that is heated by solar power will have its water heated by solar power as well. The type of storage facility most often used for such large solar heaters is the heat-of-fusion storage unit, but other kinds (such as the packed bed or hot water tank) can be used as well. This application of solar power is less common than the two mentioned above, because of the cost of the large panels and storage system required to make it work. Often if an entire building is heated by solar power, passive collectors are used in addition to one of the other two types. Passive collectors will generally be an integral part of the building itself, so buildings taking advantage of passive collectors must be created with solar heating in mind. These passive collectors can take a few different forms. The most basic type is the incidental heat trap. The idea behind the heat trap is fairly simple. Allow the maximum amount of light possible inside through a window (The window should be facing towards the equator for this to be achieved) and allow it to fall on a floor made of stone or another heat holding material. During the day, the area will stay cool as the floor absorbs most of the heat, and at night, the area will stay warm as the stone re-emits the heat it absorbed during the day. Another major form of passive collector is thermos phoning walls and/or roof. With this passive collector, the heat normally absorbed and wasted in the walls and roof is re-routed into the area that needs to be heated. The last major form of passive collector is the solar pond. This is very similar to the solar heated pool described above, but the emphasis is different. With swimming pools, the desired result is a warm pool. With the solar pond, the whole purpose of the pond is to serve as an energy regulator for a building. The pond is placed either adjacent to or on the building, and it will absorb solar energy and convert it to heat during the day. This heat can be taken into the building, or if the building has more than enough heat already, heat can be dumped from the building into the pond.
Solar energy can be used for other things besides heating. It may seem strange, but one of the most common uses of solar energy today is cooling. Solar cooling is far more expensive than solar heating, so it is almost never seen in private homes. Solar energy is used to cool things by phase changing a liquid to gas through heat, and then forcing the gas into a lower pressure chamber. The temperature of a gas is related to the pressure containing it, and all other things being held equal, the same gas under a lower pressure will have a lower temperature. This cool gas will be used to absorb heat from the area of interest and then be forced into a region of higher pressure where the excess heat will be lost to the outside world. The net effect is that of a pump moving heat from one area into another, and the first is accordingly cooled. Besides being used for heating and cooling, solar energy can be directly converted to electricity. Most of our tools are designed to be driven by electricity, so if you can create electricity through solar power, you can run almost anything with solar power. The solar collectors that convert radiation into electricity can be either flat-plane collectors or focusing collectors, and the silicon components of these collectors are photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cells, by their very nature, convert radiation to electricity. This phenomenon has been known for well over half a century, but until recently the amounts of electricity generated were good for little more than measuring radiation intensity. Most of the photovoltaic cells on the market today operate at an efficiency of less than 15%; that is, of all the radiation that falls upon them, less than 15% of it is converted to electricity. The maximum theoretical efficiency for a photovoltaic cell is only 32.3%, but at this efficiency, solar electricity is very economical. Most of our other forms of electricity generation are at a lower efficiency than this. Unfortunately, reality still lags behind theory and a 15% efficiency is not usually considered economical by most power companies, even if it is fine for toys and pocket calculators. Hope for bulk solar electricity should not be abandoned, however, for recent scientific advances have created a solar cell with an efficiency of 28.2% efficiency in the laboratory. This type of cell has yet to be field tested. If it maintains its efficiency in the uncontrolled environment of the outside world, and if it does not have a tendency to break down, it will be economical for power companies to build solar power facilities after all. Of the main types of energy usage, the least suited to solar power is transportation. While large, relatively slow vehicles like ships could power themselves with large onboard solar panels, small constantly turning vehicles like cars could not. The only possible way a car could be completely solar powered would be through the use of battery that was charged by solar power at some stationary point and then later loaded into the car. Electric cars that are partially powered by solar energy are available now, but it is unlikely that solar power will provide the world's transportation costs in the near future.
Solar power has two big advantages over fossil fuels. The first is in the fact that it is renewable; it is never going to run out. The second is its effect on the environment. While the burning of fossil fuels introduces many harmful pollutants into the atmosphere and contributes to environmental problems like global warming and acid rain, solar energy is completely non-polluting. While many acres of land must be destroyed to feed a fossil fuel energy plant its required fuel, the only land that must be destroyed for a solar energy plant is the land that it stands on. Indeed, if a solar energy system were incorporated into every business and dwelling, no land would have to be destroyed in the name of energy. This ability to decentralize solar energy is something that fossil fuel burning cannot match. As the primary element of construction of solar panels, silicon, is the second most common element on the planet, there is very little environmental disturbance caused by the creation of solar panels. In fact, solar energy only causes environmental disruption if it is centralized and produced on a gigantic scale. Solar power certainly can be produced on a gigantic scale, too. Among the renewable resources, only in solar power do we find the potential for an energy source capable of supplying more energy than is used. Suppose that of the 4.5x1017 kWh per annum that is used by the earth to evaporate water from the oceans we were to acquire just 0.1% or 4.5x1014 kWh per annum. Dividing by the hours in the year gives a continuous yield of 2.90x1010 kW. This would supply 2.4 kW to 12.1 billion people. This translates to roughly the amount of energy used today by the average American available to over twelve billion people. Since this is greater than the estimated carrying capacity of the Earth, this would be enough energy to supply the entire planet regardless of the population. Unfortunately, at this scale, the production of solar energy would have some unpredictable negative environmental effects. If all the solar collectors were placed in one or just a few areas, they would probably have large effects on the local environment, and possibly have large effects on the world environment. Everything from changes in local rain conditions to another Ice Age has been predicted as a result of producing solar energy on this scale. The problem lies in the change of temperature and humidity near a solar panel; if the energy producing panels are kept non-centralized, they should not create the same local, mass temperature change that could have such bad effects on the environment. Of all the energy sources available, solar has perhaps the most promise. Numerically, it is capable of producing the raw power required to satisfy the entire planet's energy needs.
Environmentally, it is one of the least destructive of all the sources of energy. Practically, it can be adjusted to power nearly everything except transportation with very little adjustment, and even transportation with some modest modifications to the current general system of travel. Clearly, solar energy is a resource of the future.
What is Solar Energy?
Thermal Energy
Thermal Energy is everywhere. Its lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and our homes. It dries our clothes and gives us produce like sun-dried tomatoes. All for free! It’s also used to heat water for domestic use or even pools. There are two ways in which water can be heated: 1. Actively, when a conventional heating element within the solar hot water system heats water on hot days. 2. Passively, when water is preheated before it is delivered to the cold inlet of a conventional gas/ electric water heater.
Electric Energy
Electric Energy uses the power of the sun to produce electricity through solar cells, otherwise known as photovoltaics (PV). It can be applied in three ways: 1. Stand-alone 2. Grid-connected 3. Back-up Stand-alone: also called Solar Home System (SHS): A system not connected to the grid. More often than not, these systems are installed in remote areas where there is no utility-supplied power, like remote holiday cottages. It is often cheaper to install a solar energy system than lay electricity cables to the site. Excess energy can be stored in a battery for use during times where there is no sunshine.
sGrid-connected:
A system where utility supplied electricity is connected to the property, but the owners wish to harvest cleans free energy from the sun. Usually in a quest to live a more sustainable, environmentally friendly existence. Electricity is supplied firstly from the solar energy system, then the connected battery if one has been installed and finally from the grid if there is still a need.
Back-up:
A system connected to an unreliable grid or one of poor quality. These types are usually installed in areas where a lot of power blackouts occur. A small system will service the most important electrical appliances and lights, but a bigger system will be required to keep the fridge running during a blackout.
How is solar energy used?
1.) Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into electricity with the use of solar panels to supply power to the appliances use in our homes. 2.) Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into heat with the use of solar thermal collectors for warming water, i.e. for the swimming pool. 3.) Solar energy works by converting the sun's rays into hot air for heating buildings with the use of solar thermal collectors.
How do solar panels work?
1.) Rays of sunlight hit the solar panel (also know as a photovoltaic/ PV) and are absorbed by semi-conducting materials such as silicone. 2.) Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, which allow them to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process whereby light (photo) is converted into electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect. 3.) An array of solar panels converts solar energy into DC (direct current) electricity. 4.) The DC electricity then enters an inverter. 5.) The inverter turns DC electricity into 120-volt AC (alternating current) electricity needed by home appliances. 6.) The AC power enters the utility panel in the house. 7.) The electricity (load) is then distributed to appliances or lights in the house. 8.) When more solar energy is generated that what you're using - it can be stored in a battery as DC electricity. The battery will continue to supply your home with electricity in the event of a power blackout or at nighttime.
9.) When the battery is full the excess electricity can be exported back into the utility grid, if your system is connected to it. 10.) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form the grid when not enough solar energy is produced and no excess energy is stored in the battery, i.e. at night or on cloudy days. 11.) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid is measured by a utility meter, which spins backwards (when you are producing more energy that you need) and forward (when you require additional electricity from the utility company). The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for the additional energy you use from the utility company. Any surplus energy is sold back to the utility company. This system is referred to as "net-metering".
Solar energy history
Many consumers assume that solar power is a relatively new power source but this could not be further from the truth. The sun has been known to be a source of energy dating back to ancient times. The ancient Greek and Native Americans were the first to use solar power to their benefit, dating back as early as 400BC. Native Americans and the ancient Greek built their houses into the side of hills to take advantage of the heat storage from the sun during the day that would then be released during the night. The Romans took their knowledge of the sun being a source of energy as they were the first people to use glass windows to trap the warmth of the sun in their homes. They were so serious about the preservation of this solar energy that they erected glass houses to create the right conditions to grow plants and seeds. While many people were benefitting from solar power it wasn’t until 1776 that the first solar collector was built. This collector was built by a gentleman named Horace de Saussare. His collector was cone shaped and would boil ammonia that would then perform like refrigeration and locomotion. This first solar power collector attracted much interest in the scientific community through the 19th century. In the interest of making use of solar power, Auguste Mouchout created a steam engine that was powered only by solar energy in 1861. This was an exciting event, but the invention was very costly and it could not be reproduced or even maintained so the steam engine was quickly forgotten. While the solar powered steam engine wasn’t viable in 1861 this did not stop the efforts of many who knew that solar power could be harnessed and used in many different ways. It was during the 1880’s that the first light converting photovoltaic cells were built. These cells were made of selenium and had an efficiency of one to two percent. I was not long after, in
1891, that the first commercial solar water heater was patented by Clarence Kemp, an American. For the next 50 to 60 years the developments were not as bold, but even Albert Einstein was working on using solar power, he was even granted a Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. While the years of solar power went by quietly, in the 1950’s the development of solar power was benefitted by the production of the Czochralski meter. This was a process that produced pure crystalline silicone and by 1954 Bell Telephone Laboratories had developed a silicon photovoltaic cell that had a four percent efficiency that was later boosted to an 11% efficiency. It was during the later half of the 1950’s that solar power saw its first mainstream usage. The first solar water heated office building was built during this time by an architect named Frank Bridgers. A short time later a small satellite of the US Vanguard was powered by a solar cell of less than one watt. After such big strides in the 1950’s, one would assume that solar power really took off, but oil prices have held back an even more mainstream usage of solar power. In the 1960’s the oil prices were so cheap that it was more affordable for people to power their homes with oil than it was to power their homes or offices with solar energy. Solar power saw a rebirth in the 1970’s with the oil embargo. This was a great opportunity to utilize solar power; in fact the US Department of Energy financed the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program. This program was responsible for the installation and testing of over 3,000 photovoltaic systems. The 1990’s brought an even more mainstream interest in solar power. The Gulf War once again made many take note of where we get oil and had some worried about our dependence on foreign countries for our energy resources. Solar power was seen as a great alternative to oil and petroleum products. During the 1990’s over one million homes had some form of solar power installed. Today solar energy is used in a couple different manners. First is the photovoltaic conversion format, which most people know as solar panels. These panels are used to create electricity directly from the sun. These panels can be used alone or can be used in conjunction with other power resources. The second type of solar power that is used today is thermal solar power, which is where the sun is used to heat fluids, which then powers turbines or other types of machinery.
While solar power is more commonly used today than any other time in history, the fundamentals are about the same as they have always been. The power of the sun is used to heat liquids just as it was used to heat space in ancient times. The photovoltaic technology has been updated so that the panels are thin and smaller, but the technology is basically the same. The reason for this is that when the sun is over head, an acre of land receives four thousand horse power of power at any time! The sun always has been, and always will be, a tremendous source of power, which leaves no question that with the improvement of technology, our ability to harness this power will only become greater and more widespread in its use.
Advantages of solar power
• The advantages of solar power are far-reaching. Although solar power is a relatively new energy source, it may easily become the most important energy source of the future. This is because of the many advantages of solar power: • •Solar power is a renewable resource. This means that we are not in danger of depleting its reserves. Though it may disappear behind clouds momentarily and is unavailable at night, it generally returns in full force. • •Solar power is non-polluting. Unlike oil, solar power usage does not emit any greenhouse gases, nor does the acquisition of it harm ecosystems through spills or dredging. This is probably one of the primary advantages of solar power. • • • • • • •The energy and heat from the sun is free. Once solar panels or solar thermal collectors are set up, there are no electrical expenses necessary to power them. •Solar cells require very little maintenance, greatly because there are no moving parts that must be maintained. •Solar cells can last a lifetime. •Solar power is incredibly versatile. A variety of inventions may be powered by it, including cars, water heaters, fountains, buildings, and satellites. •In remote locations, solar power may be a more realistic energy option than running large lengths of electrical wires to connect to a grid. Overall, it seems that solar power is simply a more harmonious energy resource. To obtain other energy sources, there is a requirement of harvesting fossil fuels, animal matter, or plant matter. Meanwhile, sunlight continually hits the earth in large amounts regardless of whether it is being utilized as an energy resource or not. Focusing solely on the application of solar power, instead of its application in addition to seeking out and obtaining the raw resource, omits an unnecessary step.
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Solar power is also an attractive investment due to the added value it gives a home. With the housing market slowing down considerably a solar power system definitely helps add to the desirability and resale value of a home. A home with a fixed electric bill from solar is less expensive to live in, and thus is very appealing to potential buyers.
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Along with the advantages of solar power, it is worth remarking upon the disadvantages. These include sunlight not being a readily available resource in some areas of the world. Also, solar cells are still not particularly cheap. Of course, technology for this is improving, and it will continue to improve as the cost of other forms of power increase.
Top 10 Solar Panels Manufacturing Companies With Models, Kit And Price Details
Top 10 Solar Panels Manufacturing Companies With Models, Kit And Price Details:
The solar panel can be used as a component in a larger photovoltaic system to offer electricity for commercial and residential applications. Solar thermal panels convert energy from the sun to heat water. These cost about £4,000 and save about 10 per cent on your gas bill, or £55 per year. Solar Cells for Life will receive a $6.5 million grant from the Victorian government so the group can further develop a printable light-sensitive ink that can convert sunlight into energy.
Top 10 Suppliers Of Solar Panels:
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First Solar Suntech Sharp Yingli Trina Solar Sun power Corporation Kyocera Corporation Canadian Solar Solar World AG Sanyo Electric
Electric devices that include solar panels are Solar cell phone, Solar lamp, Solar notebook, Solar-pumped laser, Solar vehicle and Solar plane. Solar panels consist of modules that are put together in an array (an arrangement of rows and columns). Modules are made up of solar cells. Energy companies offer of free solar panel systems may sound attractive but consumers could save thousands of pounds even if they took a loan to buy their own kit. Solar panels have the ultimate green credentials, and gone are the days when you needed to pay tens of thousands of dollars to catch the sun.
Solar power in India
India is both densely populated and has high solar insulation, providing an ideal combination for solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation (Wind power in India) and, Suzlon Energy is one of the India-based pioneering industries in world to generate non-conventional energy. In solar energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gig watts. In July 2009, India unveiled a US$19 billion plan, to produce 20 GW of solar power by 2020. Under the plan, solar-powered equipment and applications would be mandatory in all government buildings including hospitals and hotels. On November 18, 2009, it was reported that India was ready to launch its National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013.
Status of Solar Energy in 2010
India is a country of over a billion people. As of 31st August 2010 there were 89808 villages or 15.1 % of the total which were still un-electrified . Over 40% of the country’s population currently does not have energy access .India as a country still depends heavily on imports of oil and natural gas when it comes to meeting the daily energy needs. Using these sources of energy is an economic burden to the government and at the same time they heavily contribute to the pollution. To realize the dream of becoming a superpower by 2020 India needs to be self-sufficient in its energy needs. Even though non-renewable sources of energy such as oil and gas are cheaper to work with than renewable sources, Renewable sources have an advantage in terms of the pollution they create, hence if we can work towards bringing down the cost of working with these energy sources, we can kill two birds with a stone. Since India lies at the tropic of cancer we get abundant sunshine to make full use of solar energy. Solar
energy has become an attractive source of renewable energy because of reduction in the cost of manufacturing of solar panel these days. With about 300 clear sunny days in a year, India’s theoretical solar power reception, just on its land area is about 5000 trillion kWh/year . The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 2,300–3,200 sunshine hours per year, depending upon location. This is far more than current total energy consumption. For example, even assuming 10% conversion efficiency for PV modules, it will still be thousand times greater than the likely electricity demand in India by the year 2015. Presently India fulfills around 10.9% of the total requirement with renewable sources of energy while solar accounts for a total of 1% of the renewable energy generation . Currently we generate 18MW from Solar Sources but it is expected that 150-200 MW of solar power will be installed in the country by December 2011 .These non-conventional sources of energy have the capability of fulfilling the requirement without harming the environment. As of September 2010 the status of Decentralized Energy Systems is as follows .
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Family Type Biogas Plants 4.27 million SPV Home Lighting System 6,19,428 Solar Lantern 8,13,380 SPV Street Lighting System 1,21,227 SPV Pumps 7,495 Solar Water Heating Collector Area 3.77 mln. sq.m
SPV: Solar Photovoltaic Considering India as a large country these numbers are miniscule. The present government has taken some steps to utilize the solar energy. A solar mission named “Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission” was launched in January 2010, which promises to generate 1,000MW by 2013 and by 2022 generate 20GW, to deploy 20 million solar lighting systems and to achieve 20 million sq. meters solar thermal collector area. However a point to note is that India is currently ranked number one with United States in terms of total solar power generation capacity. Experts are recommending that India should adopt a policy to create solar energy as a backbone of its economy by 2050. Corporate houses like INDOSOLAR have started producing world-class solar panels with high efficiencies ranging up to 17.2%. Indosolar is currently producing 160MWp and plans to produce 260MWp by 2011. Non-Profit organizations like TERI (The Energy and Resource Institute) have also come up with projects like LABL (lighting a billion lives) Campaign to enhance access to clean energy and ease in creation of rural green jobs in association with The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India.
While the merits of installing solar equipment are large it suffers from a few drawbacks. The efficiency of solar panels is still 15% of the sunlight energy received. The cost of production ranges from Rs. 8 to Rs. 30 per unit compared to Rs. 5 to Rs. 8 per unit of conventional thermal energy. We can store solar energy only using large batteries, which can be an environmental risk. There has been a slow progress over the years and India has fallen short of achieving the desired momentum. India is now 7th worldwide in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Cell production and 9th in Solar Thermal Systems production with nations like Japan, China, and the US currently ranked ahead of it. To summarize we can see that some steps have been taken to tap the potential of solar energy but still more effort needs to be put in. We need more private investments so that the initial costs of the panels come down. We need the government to fund research projects to develop solar panel with high-efficiency. Also common man needs to be made aware about the merits so that he is convinced to use solar energy in his day-to-day life.
How much does Solar Energy cost?
Professional, licensed contractors can tell you exactly how much does Solar Energy cost. All you need to do is: submit your project to receive a - free quote - within 48 hours - with no obligation. Complete the form further down this page now.
Solar Energy Cost
Would you like to own your electricity? Want to stop worrying about rate inflation from your utility company, charging you whatever they like? Did you know that rates have been rising by about 6% each year in California for example? They will only keep going up and up unless you do something about it! By installing a solar electric system you can SAVE MONEY, break free from the clutches of your utility company and HELP the Environment too. Only 20 Years ago, solar energy cost 7 times as much. Advanced technologies have contributed to the enormous decrease in price, but it is mainly due to the increase in manufacturing volumes, as more and more people realise the benefits of solar energy. There’s more good news. Solar energy cost will continue to decline as the market continues to grow, making it even more affordable.
Governments too have realised the benefits. Incentives are available form state, federal and local governments, as well as some utility companies. out what’s available in your area (USA only). Another cost benefit is that you will get paid for the excess electricity you produce through a system called - Net-metering. Check out the DSIRE websiteto find
$ - Just how much does solar energy cost? - $
It varies. Depending on the size of your household, the amount of electricity you use, the particular solar energy system you choose, how much sunshine you receive in your area and available government funding to name only a few. As a very rough guide, depending on the above conditions - - A solar hot water system will cost between US $2,000 and $4,000. A photovoltaic system will cost between US $8,000 and $10,000 for a 1kW system. (or $8 $10 /Watt) An average American family, living in a 3-bedroom home will require a 1.5 - 3kW system, which will cost between US $13,000 and US $27,000, before rebates. Lets take a couple of example of a Californian household to illustrate just how much you can save with all these incentives: Example 1: An average family needing 2.5 Kilowatt system – (current electricity bill between $50 and $75 per month) Cost of Solar electric system incl. Installation: $22,500 LESS: Government Rebate: - $7,000 * LESS: Tax credit: -$1,163 ** ___________________________________ You pay only: $14,337 ___________________________________
Example 2: An average family needing 3 Kilowatt system – (current electricity bill between $75 and $100 per month) Cost of Solar electric system incl. Installation: $27,000 LESS: Government Rebate: - $8,400 * LESS: Tax credit: -$1,395 ** ___________________________________ You pay only: $17,205 ___________________________________ Save even more with Net Metering each year. * (2.5 Kw system = 2500 watt x $2.80 per watt rebate = $7,000) (3Kw system = 3000 watt x $2.80 per watt rebate = $8,400) ** (7.5% of system cost after rebate. $22,500 – $7,000 x 7.5% = $1,163) (7.5% of system cost after rebate. $27,000 – $8,400 x 7.5% = $1,395) As a rough guide: Add .5 to your system size for each additional $25 on your bill and $4,500 to the cost before incentives.
How to Start a Solar Energy Business (cost effectively)
We are at the dawn of a solar revolution in the United States. Every aspect of the solar industry is experiencing explosive growth. Triple digit expansion in solar photovoltaic cell manufacturing, to the need for solar sales associates, to the huge demand for solar system installers is emerging everywhere. Opportunities abound. The renting of a solar energy system for your home is a new, attractive twist to the idea of switching to renewable energy. With the adoption of a leasing or rental model for residential solar electric systems, an average homeowner can now go green at home as well as build a part-time, solar energy business. The following article outlines the step by step requirements to starting your own solar energy business. Step 1 – Understanding the Solar Energy Business Solar Energy Entrepreneurs are charged with connecting to homeowners, educating them related to our alternative energy options, and providing them with the option to rent a solar electric system. By starting a solar energy business, you become a solar energy
consultant and make it possible for homeowners to adopt solar (PV) technology in a simple, investment-free way. No other solar rental program and related solar electric business makes it so easy. This renewable energy business entails no up-front costs or fees to get involved but there is some investment related to educating yourself and in turn educating the American homeowner about residential solar electric systems. The rental of solar equipment is just getting started with much adoption and growth expected. Solar energy is now cost competitive with the utility prices and homeowners no longer have to make an upfront investment to switch to solar power. They can simply rent a system and perhaps build their own solar energy business. To start your own solar energy business, a person does not need to be a college graduate or a seasoned sales executive. All you need to be is someone with the desire to make a difference and be someone who shares the belief that solar power will make that difference. Step 2 – Structuring of Your Solar Business As an entrepreneur and solar energy consultant, you are trained and supported by an experienced sales manager. The sales manager will support you in your initial days of solar energy industry education, sales cycle management, and how to effectively use the free sales tools. As you progress and begin to desire more responsibility, you can become a sales manager yourself by beginning to build your own marketing team. Relationship Marketing is a direct sales model which utilizes a combination of direct marketing and franchising. Typically, independent business owners (IBOs) become associated with a parent company in a contractor-like relationship. Such businesses are often multiple levels in nature in that pay outs also occur at more than one generation with your marketing team. Step 3 – Registering and Completing the Solar Energy Training Registering by entering your information and signing up online is just the first step to working towards managing your own solar energy business. [Note: Registration details at http://www.ecocrews.com]. Training is the second required step in the process. This small business opportunity demands detailed knowledge of the solar energy industry. You do not need to become an electrician or solar energy system installer but you should work to understand the difference between fossil fuels and renewable fuels, to understand how the electricity grid works, and to understand how residential solar energy
works. You must be properly trained in solar energy topics and related technology so that you have the confidence to pass on this knowledge. Training tools are available to assist you with the required testing. Training tools, testing, and ongoing support is all free. It is also important to continually build your knowledge of the renewable energy industry. This solar energy business requires no investment on your part but it does stress training and the use of training tools because accurate knowledge breaks down barriers. Step 4 – Receiving Solar Energy Business Support This solar energy business is centered upon ongoing support and growth. It is necessary for solar energy consultants to process solar system sales or referrals. There are free sales cycle management (CRM) tools included with this business opportunity. The sales aids make it very simple to complete the processing and help homeowners to rental a solar energy system. These tools are provided to help build your solar energy business: * One-on-one training from your sales manager * Training resources, books, brochures * Internal and external corporate websites * Help desk and knowledge base (both support and training) * …and much more The solar energy business explained here has a great mission. Its grassroots goal is to spread the use of clean, renewable solar electric power as simply and as rapidly as possible. This opportunity has eliminated as many obstacles as possible to both the rental of solar electric systems for home owners as well as to entrepreneurs wishing to start a solar energy business.
Solar Power in India is the Biggest Opportunity of the 21st Century
Solar Power in India is growing at a rapid clip with the strong government support through the ambitious Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM).Rapidly Falling Costs, Massive Power Deficits, Huge Growing Energy Demand and Peak Oil all make SCentury. People are slowly recognizing this large Green Money Making Opportunity with companies like Suntech, Siemens and Trina Solar entering into partnership with local players. Suntech has tied up with independent power producer IPP while Conglomerate. This is just the initial trickle with large foreign companies waiting to flood the Indian market. There have been some initial hiccups in Debt Financing of Solar Energy in India but I expect the long term secular growth story to be unaffected. Solar Power Companies in India can be divided into various categories based on solar equipment manufacturing, independent power producer,
renewable arms of large power companies etc.I have already covered the Top Solar Module Production Companies in my Solar Panels in India article. Here is the list once again.
Top 10 Lists of Major Solar Panel Domestic Companies
1) Tata BP Solar 2) Moser Baer 3) Solar Semiconductor 4) IndoSolar 5) Topsun Solar 6) Titan Energy 7) PLG Power 8) Maharishi Solar 9) Kotak Urja 10) Photon Energy Systems Note there are some other solar module producers as well. Note most of these companies import solar cells which are the main technology differentiators as there is very little addition in solar module production part of the supply chain.
Major State Run Companies entering Solar Energy Production
Besides Private Companies, Indian State Owned Companies known as Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) are also planning huge investments into the Solar Sector both as a social sector obligation and as a future investment.NTPC and BHEL are leading the charge with NTPC’s trading arm playing a crucial role in providing subsidies under JNNSM. 1) NTPC 2) BPCL 3) HPCL 4) IOC 5) ONGC 6) BHEL 7) BEL
8) Webel Solar Websol Energy Systems Limited
Note BHEL,BEL and Webel are planning/manufacturing solar equipment such as polysilicon,cells,modules while the other companies are planning to set up large scale solar plants in different states of India.
List of Major Solar Energy Supporting Indian States
Some Indian States have been heavily supportive of Solar Energy on their own. Rajasthan and Gujarat the 2 western most states of India with huge amounts of solar radiation have implemented solar subsides at the state level attracting massive investor interest .Other states like Punjab and Haryana are also trying to get their act together. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and West Bengal are the other major states to watch out for. Here is the list of states in the order of priority. 1) Gujarat 2) Rajasthan 3) Andhra Pradesh 4) Punjab 5) Tamil Nadu 6) Maharashtra 7) West Bengal 8) Haryana
Top 10 countries using Solar Power
Solar energy is becoming more and more popular among the grown and the growing countries. This is mainly because of government recognizing the energy problems and giving out more and more incentives for going solar, to both the general public and the corporations. The countries are starting to compete, to lead the renewable energy race in solar energy. I started wondering about which countries have the most amount of installed solar systems. So I wanted to do a top ten list of the countries which uses the most solar energy (in Mega Watts, MW) in the world. I wanted to do this in a Letterman style but i think its better to write a short note about each country pointing out its highlights and some interesting facts. So here we go counting down.....
10) India (120 MW) - One of the countries with fastest growing solar energy industry, India makes the top ten list for the solar power users of the world. A country of billion people has a very high energy demand. Located only 8 degrees above the equator, India gets plenty of sun each year. For these obvious reasons, solar was the smart choice for India to pursue. In July 2009, India unveiled a $19 billion plan, to produce 20 Giga Watts of solar power by 2020.
9) France (272 MW) - More than double the installed capacity of India is France. What helps France very much is their well designed Feed in Tariffs for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV). One important issue of concern in France is that although many MW of solar energy have been installed, a lot of them have not been connected to the grid. If this problem is resolved soon, France will be moving up on this list.
8) China (305) - Although China gets a lot of attention these days for its renewable energy push (not surprising), its mostly in the wind sector. What we forget is that China is the biggest producer of Solar panels and this comes in no surprise that they installed a ton of it in their own country. The government has taken a vow to change cities like Linfen, Yangquan and Datong, which are the most polluted cities in China. According to China’s national energy plan, it is expected to reach a total of 20 GW by 2020. We shall wait and see if the Chinese can keep up with the growing demands. Fun China has already overtaken US in the overall renewable energy investor ranking. It has become the most attractive country to invest in for wind and solar energy.
7) Belgium (363 MW) - I would say Belgium was a surprise contender in this solar race. The Belgium government designed a well planned Feed in Tariffs. With a population of approximately 10.7 million, it has shown strong growth in its appetite for photovoltaics since the region’s government initiated its extremely appealing package deal in 2006.
6) Czech Republic (465 MW) - This country installed the most amount of solar panels in 2009 next to Germany. There was a sudden boom in the solar market due to a generous Feed in Tariffs by the government and local incentives. There are several US companies that are already investing in Czech solar market.
5) U.S (1650 MW) - Coming in at 5th place is the U.S. Solar market. I'm actually not so surprised by this result since U.S. government incentive is not very attractive and most of the major cities don't even have any policies or any plans towards going solar (one of those cities would be the fourth largest city in U.S., Houston). Most of the panels installed in U.S. are in California. The cap on the federal solar tax credit was lifted in 2009, promoting growth in this industry. Despite the recent recession, the US market for residential solar panels doubled in 2009, and increased 37% from 2008. Hopefully, we will be moving forward on this list after the economy starts to ramp up a bit.
4) Japan (2633 MW) - What you see above is a flexible solar technology as an AIST conference in Tokyo, Japan. Can you imagine a garden full of these solar flowers and plants on the rooftops? Government residential PV programs, net-metering, high national solar energy goals to reach 28 GW by 2020 and 53 GW by 2030. On top of this, the support of local authorities and the private sector make Japan a world leader in this field. 80% of new homes in Japan will have solar power installed with it by the year 2030. Japan is one of the fastest growing countries in the solar market and i would not be surprised if it moves up to the top position in the next few years.
3) Spain (3386 MW) - Despite the fact that Spain was one of the countries that was hit with the economic crisis, it pushed forward on the renewable energy side to grab the third position. There was a delay in the new government subsidy programs towards the solar market in the first quarter of 2010. With expectations that both of these will improve in 2010, and considering its excellent sun irradiation and PV potential, Spain is expected to bump up its solar energy capacity again this year.
2) Italy (4000 MW) - Every two months, Italians install more solar power than California does in an entire year. (To put that in perspective, Italy is slightly smaller in land size than California, with a fairly similar population). In the second quarter of 2010, Italy’s solar market grew by 127 percent over the previous quarter, according to research and consulting firm Solarbuzz.This success is due to a well managed FiT**, lots of government incentives, and of course plenty of sunshine. Going at this pace, I'm pretty sure that Italy has the potential to catch the top position.
1) Germany (9785 MW) - Germany is clearly the world leader and will be the world leader for years to come. No other countries even come close to the installed solar power to this country. Above is the picture of the Gut Erlasee solar farm in Germany which produces about 14,000
MW hours annually which is enough to power a town of about 9000 residents. With cities like Sonnenschiff (which produces 4 times the energy it consumes purely from solar power), Marburg and Freiburg (entire city is powered by solar energy), it is no surprise that Germany is the world leader and it plans to stick to this position for years to come. My opinion - Well there you have it, the top ten countries in the world that harness solar power. I think that other countries will be following this trend and i expect more countries to join this race. The reason Germany is the leader is mainly because of the people. They clearly took solar power to their heart and made a commitment to create a change. An energy revolution has to come from within.
Summary
The Indian Solar Energy Market is attracting huge investor interest due to the massive potential. However none of the Indian solar manufacturing companies comes anywhere near world class in scale, technology or manufacturing prowess currently. That is not to say that solar companies in India can’t become world beaters especially taking advantage of the huge domestic market that is going to develop soon. Note Indian Wind Energy Companies are also too small to be counted on the world stage except for Suzlon which seems to be hemorrhaging. There are numerous small and big private companies that are taking interest in setting up solar plants. However these companies are too small and numerous to be listed here..Solar Power Companies in India will continue to grow as their exists a lot of space for a number of players. However becoming big players on the world solar stage will take a long time for these companies.
